Which list consists of elements that have the most similar chemical properties?


a) Cu, Zn, Fe

b) K, Ca, Br

c) Mg, Al, Si

d) Cs, Na, K

The final volume of the ideal gas in a flexible container will be 9.0 L.

Let:

Ideal-gas Equation establishes a relation between pressures, volumes, and temperatures of different conditions.

Using the Ideal-Gas Equation:

                              PV = nRT

Ideal-Gas Equation for initial conditions will be:

                              PV = nRT.....................................................(i)

Ideal-Gas Equation for final conditions will be:

                              (P/3)X = nR(T/2)........................................(ii)

On dividing equations (i) and (ii):

                             PV = nRT / (P/3)X = nR(T/2)

                             3V/X = 2

                             X = 3V/2

Putting the value of V = 6L:

                             X = 3(6L)/2 = 9L

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Fresco is the ground pigment in which painting material combines with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium.

Fresco is a type of ancient painting where color is applied to a wet lime plaster surface while being suspended in alkaline limewater. Fresco is not to be confused with a patina layer that is put on dried plaster or limewash. They are known as Secco applications. Fresco must be applied while the plaster is still damp and is only intended for use on pure lime plaster.

It cannot be applied to plaster that has dried, cement, lime with cement, or lime stucco (also referred to as lime stucco). The coloured limewater will carbonate with the wet plaster throughout the curing process after being applied to it, becoming a permanent part of the lime plaster surface. Fresco as a painting material can be utilized inside or outside.

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Method: Filtration

Sodium chloride is your everyday common table salt! So it's just separating salt fro. Water!

Procedure: The mixture of salt and sand can be separated by filtration followed by an evaporation process. Filtration can separate sand from a combination of sand and salt solution (salt dissolved in water). Sand stays on the filter paper as a residue after filtering. By boiling the filtrate, common salt may now be produced. Boiling causes all of the water to evaporate, leaving just salt remaining. This is known as evaporation. Thus, this is how salt and sand are separated.

The element that forms a yellowish gas, often used as a disinfectant, and forms a nasty gas with ammonia would be chlorine.

Chlorine is an element with a valence electron of 7. It forms a greenish-yellow gas that is 2 to 5 times denser than air. The element belongs to a group of elements on the periodic table known as halogen.

Chlorine is used as a disinfectant. It is utilized in the treatment of water for domestic use. It has the ability to kill harmful microbes off surfaces. It is also used in the manufacturing of textile products, paper bleaching, and several other industrial uses.

Chemically, chlorine is highly reactive. It reacts with ammonia to form a toxic gas known as chloramine. The gas affects the throat, lungs, and eyes of humans and in high doses, can cause outright death.

Thus, the element in question that form yellowish gas, is used as a disinfectant, and forms nasty gas with ammonia would be chlorine.

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The number of protons in lithium is 3, in sodium is 11 and in potassium is 19 whereas the mass number of lithium is 6.941 u, the mass number of sodium is 22.989769 u and the mass number of potassium is 39.0983 u.

Numbers of Protons:

The total number of protons in lithium is 3.

The total number of protons in sodium is 11.

The total number of protons in potassium is 19.

Mass Number:

The mass number of lithium is 6.941 u.

The mass number of sodium is 22.989769 u.

The mass number of potassium is 39.0983 u.

Structure of Lithium and Potassium:

Lithium and potassium have a similarity in them that they all have one electron in their outermost orbit.

Structure of Sodium and Potassium:

Sodium and potassium have a similarity in them that they all have one electron in their outermost orbit.

So we can conclude that the number of protons in lithium is 3, in sodium is 11 and in potassium is 19.

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Answer:

Isotopes are atoms of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Isotopes are different atom types that share the same atomic number and place in the periodic table but have different quantities of neutrons in their nuclei, resulting in various nucleon numbers or atomic masses.

Stable and unstable isotopes are the two basic categories of isotopes. 254 stable isotopes are known. Scientists refer to all synthetic (lab-made) isotopes as radioisotopes since they are radioactive due to their instability.

Examples of isotopes include carbon 12, which has 6 neutrons, carbon 13, which has 7 neutrons, and carbon 14, which has 8 neutrons. Carbon 14 is the radioactive isotope while the rest are stable.

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Dry ice sublimates when its molecules get enough thermal energy to the intermolecular holding the solid crystal together in some cases. This allows some molecules to transition directly into the vapor phase.

A substance can sublimate directly from its solid to it's own gaseous state without going through a liquid phase. Sublimation is the term most frequently used to describe the process through which snow and ice turn into water vapor in the air before even melting into liquid for those of us who is interested in the water cycle.

The sublimation procedure is used by chemists to clean up their substances. Typically, a solid is heated in a sublimation apparatus under vacuum. A non-volatile residue of impurities is left behind as the solid volatilizes and condenses as a refined chemical on a cooled surface (cold finger) at this lower pressure.

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Answer:

Quickly

Explanation:

The heating curve is a graphical representation of how various phases of substances change as temperature or heat increases. The graph's C section depicts the liquid phase of the substance gaining kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy is the energy that an object has as a result of its movement. If we want to accelerate an object, we must apply force to it. Using force requires us to put in effort. When the work is finished, energy is transferred to the object, and it moves at a new constant speed.

Therefore,

Section A represents the solid phase

Section B the solid-liquid phase

Section C the liquid phase

Section D the liquid-gas phase

Section E the gas phase

Section C of the graph depicts the substance's liquid phase gaining kinetic energy. Heat energy is absorbed during Phase C, and liquid particles gain kinetic energy to change into gas form in Section E.

As a result, C.C. is the correct answer.

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Answer: The discovery of protons and isotopes

Explanation:  Mendeleev's arrangement by changing the criteria by which elements were arranged and assigned atomic numbers. Mendeleev arranged the periodic table based on the atomic mass of an atom of an element and its chemical properties.

According to the given statement is 11.36 g/ml is the density of the object.

The proportion of an object's mass to its volume has been its density. The unit of density is frequently grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Keep in mind that the volume is measured in cubic centimeters, not grams (the same volume as 1 millilitre). More particles will make a box denser than fewer particles in the same box.

Absolute density and relative density are the two main types of density. Relative density, also known as specific gravity, is the proportion of a product's density to the density of a reference material.

Mass  = 125  g

Initial Volume =55.0 mL

Final  Volume = 66.0 mL

Volume = 66.0mL - 55.0mL

Volume= 11.0 mL

ρ = m/v

ρ = 125/11

ρ = 11.36 g/ml.

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An atom's Lewis structure enables you to predict its bonding patterns and number of bonds. We may ultimately be able to comprehend the structures of molecules & their chemical characteristics using this information.

2. The stability of the molecule increases with the number of charges on each element. In order to reduce the number of different formal charges, a double or triple bond should be applied.

3. Dots are used in the Lewis structure to depict the shared electrons between atoms. Next, ascertain whether there is a single, triple, or triple covalent connection between the two atoms. Third, determine the radius of each of the bonded ions based on the type of bond by using an atom radius chart.

4. By considering each bond as if one-half of the electrons were allocated to each atom in a Lewis structure, formal charges can be ascribed to each atom. These fictitious formal charges serve as a reference for selecting the best Lewis structure.

5. N-O bond as well as a double bond. The N atom possesses a positive charge and an unpaired electron. They are the two principal resonance sources of NO2.

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Formula units are there in 212 grams of MgCl₂ are 830.56

Formula is the empirical of any ionic or covalent network solid compound used as an independent entity for stoichiometric calculations and it is the lowest whole number ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound

Here given data is

MgCl₂ = 212 grams

1 mole of magnesium chloride has mass = 95.211 gram and contains 6.022×10²³formula units of magnesium chloride

Here 212 grams×6.022×10²³form unit of MgCl₂/95.211 gram = 830.56

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When sodium reacts with water, hydrogen gas evolves (option C).

A chemical reaction is a reaction that typically involves the breaking or making of interatomic bonds, in which one or more substances are changed into others.

A chemical reaction combines two or more substances called reactants to form new substances called products.

According to this question, sodium (Na) reacts with water (H2O) as follows:

2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂

As observed in the above chemical reaction, sodium metal reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Therefore, it can be said that hydrogen gas is evolved when sodium combines chemically with water.

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Answer:

D. Density is defined as mass/volume.

The pH of a strontium hydroxide was obtained by dissolving 0.17 grams of strontium hydroxide in enough water to obtain 670. ml of solution is 3.6.

The range of pH goes from 0 to 14, with 7 acting as neutral. A pH value of 7 or less denotes acidity, while a pH value of 7 or more denotes baseness. The amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions present in the solution is what determines the pH of water.

Molarity of strontium hydroxide = mass/volume

Molarity of strontium hydroxide = 0.17/670

Molarity of strontium hydroxide = 0.000253 = 2.53 × 10⁻⁴

pH = - log [strontium hydroxide]

pH = -log [2.53 × 10⁻⁴]

pH = 3.59

pH = 3.6

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8.70 g of carbon dioxide are generated by the reaction of octane.

Let's compile all the data in one location since we are aware that we will require a balanced equation with masses and molar masses.

M_r:                    32.00      44.01

             2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂ ⟶ 16CO₂ + 18H₂O

  m/g:                    9.88

(a) Calculate the moles of O₂

n = 9.88 g O₂ ×1 mol O₂ /32.00 g O₂

n = 0.3088 mol O₂.

(b) Calculate the moles of CO₂

(16 mol CO2 to 25 mol O2) is the molar ratio.

n = 0.3088 mol O₂ × (16 mol CO₂/25 mol O₂)

n = 0.1976 mol CO₂

(c) Calculate the mass of CO₂

Mass of CO₂ = 0.1976 mol CO₂ × (44.01 g CO₂/1 mol CO₂)

Mass of CO₂ = 8.70 g CO₂

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25 ml of the solution contains 4.83 x 10⁻⁴ moles of CaCl₂.

Concentration, or the amount of solute in a solution, can either be expressed in molarity, M, moles of solute per liter of solution, or molality, m, moles of solute per kilogram of solution.

The concentration of the CaCl₂ solution is 0.0193 M.

Hence, there are 0.0193 moles of CaCl₂ per liter of the solution.

M = 0.0193 M

volume of solution = 25 ml

Multiply the volume by the concentration to get the number of moles.

M = moles of solute / volume of solution

moles of solute = M (volume of solution)

moles of solute = 0.0193 M(25 ml)(1 L / 1000 ml)

moles of solute = 4.83 x 10⁻⁴

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The metals that are able to displace iron sulfate from solution are magnesium and aluminum.

The electrochemical series is a series that shows the reactivity of the metals. We must note that the order of the reactivity of the metals depends on the electrode potential of the metal. The metals that have a higher electrode potential would tend to react better and faster.

Also note that, the metals that are higher in the electrochemical series are able to displace the metals that are lower in the series from their aqueous solutions. This implies that if we add a metal to a solution that contains a meta that is lower in the electrochemical series, the lower meta is discharged from solution.

As we can see, when we add each of these metals to the iron sulfate solution, the only time that we would be able to have a reaction is when  we add the aluminum or the magnesium metals.

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Answer: A supersaturated

The rate constant of the Decay of Radium with half life of 1620 years is 0.0004277/year.

We know, every radioactive reaction is a first order reaction.

So, it will follow the first order kinetics.

The half life of the radium sample is 1620 years.

We know, the standard formula for the half life of the first order reaction is,

T = 0.693/K

Where,

T is the half life of the reaction,

L is the rate constant of the reaction.

It is given that the half life of the reaction is 1620 years, so, putting all the values,

T = 0.693/K

K = 0.693/1620

K = 0.0004277/year.

So, the rate constant of the decay of radium is 0.0004277/year.

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Answer:

density = 5 g/ml

Explanation:

D=m/v. Mass=30g and Volume=6mL

SO solve for D when m = 30 and v = 6

D=m/v

D = 30/6

density = 5 g/ml

Flammable liquids and solids, such as lighter refills, lighter fuel, matches, paints, thinners, fire-lighters, lighters that must be inverted before ignition, matches (these may be carried on the person), radioactive material, briefcases, and attach cases with alarm devices installed.

Food items larger than 3.4 oz are not permitted in carry-on bags and should be stored in checked bags if possible. Food, powders, and other materials that can clog bags and obstruct clear images on the X-ray machine may be instructed to be separated from carry-on bags by TSA officers. Most passengers are permitted to bring one full-size carry-on bag and one personal item for free on their flight. There are some exceptions, such as customers traveling on Basic Economy tickets.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Boyle's law was used when a traveller on a plane packed a bag of potato chips in his checked luggage and put it in the unventilated baggage hold. When the passenger opened the bag after landing, the bag exploded, and there were chips all over his luggage.

Why is Boyle’s law applicable to the airplane passenger?

Let's have a look at the link between pressure and height to better understand how the answer was arrived at.

Altitude increases cause a drop in pressure.

A particular surface has fewer air molecules above it at higher elevations than it does at lower elevations.

This indicates that the pressure is high at ground level and low at the airspace through which an airplane passes.

The gas in the sealed bag of potato chips had expanded, causing the bag to explode.

Given that it demonstrates the relationship between volume and pressure, this circumstance serves as an illustration of Boyle's law.

Basically, Boyle's law states that when pressure lowers, volume rises and vice versa.

What does Boyle’s law state?

If the temperature and amount of gas remain constant in a closed system, the absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies.

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The difference between the first and second ionization energy of an element is second ionization energy is larger than first ionization energy.

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the electron . First ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the electron from neutral atom such as M. while second ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove electron from positively charged ion such as M⁺.

first ionization energy is given as :

M --->   M⁺  +    e⁻    ,  IE1

second ionization energy is given as :

M⁺    ---->    M²⁺    +     e⁻   ,  IE2

Thus,  The difference between the first and second ionization energy of an element is second ionization energy is larger than first ionization energy.

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Answer:

Atomic mass of Boron: 10.8 amu

Explanation:

Boron-10: (0.198)(10.013) = 1.98 amu

Boron-11: (0.802)(11.009) =  8.83 amu

Add them up: 1.98+8.83= 10.8 amu

A calibration curve is a regression model that uses the instrument's reaction to known standards to forecast the unknown concentrations of interest-related analytes.

How do you calculate calibration curve?

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Possible monobromination products of butane are 3.

Monobromination as defined by medicine:

an organic molecule is given one bromine atom by the addition process.

In a chemical process known as bromination, a compound is subjected to bromination, which adds bromine to the substance. Following bromination, the result will possess traits distinct from the initial reactant.

Any reaction or process known as bromination entails the introduction of bromine into a molecule alone. Alkene bromination with the electrophilic addition of Br₂. electrophilic aromatic substitution-based bromination of a benzene ring. Benzylic position bromination using a free radical substitution process.

By way of the reaction, a total of three monobrominated compounds will be produced.

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          Since water served as the foundation for creating the metric system of measurement, density is defined as mass divided by volume (=m/v), meaning that one cubic centimeter (1cm3) of water weighs one gram (1g).

        The density of water is typically expressed in terms of grams per milliliter (1 g/ml) or grams per cubic centimeter (1 g/cm3).

85-milliliter outcome

2.988 Ounces

0.1868 Pounds

84.719 Grames

0.0847 Kilograms

Weight at 80°F(26.7°c)

         As the temperature drops, the water becomes denser. Water density reaches its maximum at 4 degrees Celsius.

        Like a solid, a liquid's density is determined by dividing its mass by its volume, or D = m/v. Water has an average density of one gram per cubic centimeter. No matter the size of the sample, a substance has a constant density.

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The empirical formula of the compound is C3H4O as the mole ratio is 3 : 4 : 1

1) Mass of carbon (C) in 3.190 g of carbon dioxide (CO₂)

atomic mass of C: 12.0107 g/mol

molar mass of CO₂: 44.01 g/mol

Setting up proportion as:

12.0107 g of C / 44.01 g of CO₂ = x / 3.190 g of CO₂

x  = 0.87057 g of C

2) Mass of hydrogen (H) in 0.9360 g of water (H₂O)

atomic mass of H: 1.00784 g/mol

molar mass of H₂O: 18.01528 g/mol

Setting up proportion as:

2 × 1.00784 g of H / 18.01528 g of H₂O = x / 0.9360 g of H₂O

x = 0.10472 g of H

3) Mass of oxygen (O) in 1.0857 g of pure sample

Mass of O = mass of pure sample - mass of C - mass of H

Mass of O  = 0.38397 g O ≈ 0.3840 g

4) Mole calculations

C:  0.87057  g / 12.0107 g/mol = 0.07248 mol

H: 0.10472 g / 1.00784 g/mol = 0.10390 mol

O: 0.3840 g / 15.999 g/mol = 0.02400 mol

So, to find empirical formula the mole ratios are:

C: 3

H:  4

O:  1

Thus the mole ratio is 3 : 4 : 1, and the empirical formula is: C3 H4 O

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