When the membrane potential becomes more positive, this is called depolarization.
When a stimulus reaches a resting neuron, depolarization happens. The gated sodium ion channels on the neuron's membrane suddenly open during the depolarization phase, allowing sodium ions (Na+) from outside the membrane to flood the cell.
What are the stages of nerve impulse transmission?
The action potential has three stages: depolarization, repolarization, and recovery. It moves swiftly down the neuron's axon as an electric current. At an electrical or chemical synapse, a nerve impulse is sent from one cell to another.
Therefore, when the membrane potential becomes more positive, this is called depolarization.
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Match the type of microevolution with the example described below. Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all.A. genetic driftB. migrationC. mutationD. natural selection
• Peppered mohs vary from light to dark and the frequence of light and dark morths varies depending on the color of the trees in their environment.
,• D. Natural selection. ,The color frequency is related to the trees because whe the moths are a different color from th trees, they are more easuily eaten, so o,nly the mmore adapted moths, ,survive, and have ,offspring,.
• A group of birds moves to a new patch of forest and begins to breed with the existing poplation that currently lives in that forest.
,• B. Migration. , The group that arrives at the new patch of forest has, moved or migrated, and brings ,new genetic information, to the population living there previously.
• A small group of whte-tailed deer croosses the frozen water of Lake Michigan and establishes a new population on a remote island. The alleles present in the gene pol of the pfounder population differ from the populationpresent in the rst of Michigan. A
,• A. Genetic drift ,(founder effect)., When a small grup o indviduals splts from the main population and sestablishes anew new one, this new popultion hasjust a s ,smallample of the alleles f,rom ththe original population, and just by, random chance(genetic drift), differetnt ,alleles will be fixated, in the new population
• Colorful lizards living on brown leaves are most often eaten by predators.
,• D. Natural selection. ,As with the moths, the lizards with a more different color than their environment are moe prone to be eaten, so they don't reproduce and those colors don't remain in the poulation.
In the f2 of a dihybrid cross involving two independently assorting genes, what proportion of the offspring will be true-breeding?.
The proportion of the offspring of F2 progeny of dihybrid cross would be 1/4.
The true breeding parents of dihybrid cross of Mendel included rounded yellow and wrinkled green seeds as parental traits. The F2 progeny produced round yellow, round green, wrinkled yellow, and wrinkled green seeds. Therefore, 1/4 progeny of the dihybrid cross produced true breeding traits in the F2 progeny.
According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, the alleles of two or more distinct genes are independently selected into gametes. In other words, an allele for one gene does not affect the allele for another gene that a gamete acquires. It, moreover, produces hybrids of the genes. Dihybrid cross produced phenotypic ratios as 9:3:3:1.
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The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes made of ____ molecules. Each chromosome carries a large number of genes. In body cells, the chromosomes are normally found in p____
Answer:
En biología, el núcleo celular es una estructura membranosa que se encuentra normalmente en el centro de las células eucariotas. Contiene la mayor parte del material genético celular, organizado en varias moléculas extraordinariamente largas y lineales de ADN, con una gran variedad de proteínas,
Explanation:
Chromosomes composed of DNA molecules are found in a cell's nucleus. Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are the four nucleotides that make up the double-stranded molecule of DNA.
What is the location of genes ?Genes, the fundamental building blocks of genetic information, are found in great abundance on each chromosome. The inheritance of features and attributes is controlled by genes, which are composed of DNA.
The chromosomes are often found in pairs in body cells. One chromosome from the mother and one from the father make up each pair of chromosomes.
Homologous chromosomes refer to this. There are different numbers of chromosomes in each species' cells. For instance, although fruit flies have 8 pairs of chromosomes, humans normally have 23 pairs. Chromosome pairing is crucial to the process.
The process of meiosis, the form of cell division that results in gametes, depends on the pairing of chromosomes. Crossing over occurs when homologous chromosomes team up and exchange genetic material during meiosis.
Genetic diversity, a necessary component of evolution, is produced as a result of this process. Additionally, it guarantees that every gamete receives a full complement of chromosomes.
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How is matter/energy transferred from one organism to the next?
How do you correctly interpret and construct a line graph and a bar graph?
The line segments' varying slope draws attention to changes, and patterns. Changes in the line for set of data to find trends and patterns. Lines of numerous measurements share the same trend and patterns.
What is bar graph explain?Information is graphically represented in a bar graph. To represent value, it makes use of bars that stretch to various heights. Vertical bars, horizontal bars, grouped bars (several bars that compare values in a category), and stacked bars can all be used to construct bar graphs (bars containing multiple types of information).
Why do we use bar graph?It is straightforward and quick to compare sets of data between several groupings using a bar diagram. The graph has discrete values on one axis and categories on the other. To demonstrate the connection between the two axes is the aim. Bar charts can also show significant alterations in data over time.
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Where did life first form?
A. In the atmosphere
B. In volcanoes
C. On land
D. In the oceans
Answer: D. in the oceans.
The ocean is the most likely answer to the question as there wasn't enough oxygen in the atmosphere, the land hadn't formed continents and wasn't mineralized enough. Of course, there are many other theories including one that suggests life started in muddy pools in the land warmed by volcanoes. So there really isn't a fixed answer, but I'm fairly sure it is D.
A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?.
Answer:
A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped? Answer Osmosis
Explanation:
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thanks to a novel recessive mutation, a certain plant species has begun to invade colder arctic regions outside of its normal range. however, this cold-tolerant mutation has not yet become fixed in the population. a second mutation arises that promotes self-pollination. do you predict that the self-pollination allele will be selected for in the arctic regions? why or why not?
Plant cell death is the intracellular sequence of activities that ends the life processes of a plant cell. Plant cells can die through necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy.
What happens to a plant eventually, causing it to die?Senescence describes all of the alterations that occur in a plant and ultimately result in the death of its cells, tissues, and ultimately the entire plant body. Even in extremely young, thriving plants, these alterations can be visible in a few cells.
An embryo and endosperm, both of which are necessary for the growth of a viable seed, are produced in angiosperms as a result of double fertilization. Plants that are diploid create diploid embryos and triploid endosperm.
Why does the photoperiodic route, which many plants utilize, control when flowers form? In this plant, temperature and day duration both affect flowering. Flower formation is being hindered by the warm environment and prolonged exposure to light.
The aberrant transformation of floral components into leafy structures is known as phyllody. Although environmental variables that lead to an imbalance in plant hormones may also be to blame, phytoplasma or virus infections are the usual culprits.
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of the following, which phenotype would most likely be observed in mutants of e. coli lacking a key enzyme in the ed pathway? choose one: a. loss of ability to grow anaerobically b. inability to form biofilms c. lack of flagellar motility d. increased virulence e. reduced ability to colonize the mammalian gut
Phenotype would most likely be observed in mutants of e. coli lacking a key enzyme in the ed pathway is option b inability to form biofilms
The term "biofilm" describes the intricate, sessile colonies of bacteria that are either firmly embedded in an extracellular matrix or adhering to a surface.
An extracellular polymeric material matrix surrounds an assembly of surface-associated microbial cells that is known as a biofilm. Van Leeuwenhoek is credited with discovering microbial biofilms after he discovered bacteria on tooth surfaces using his crude microscopes. Heukelekian and Heller discovered the "bottle effect" for marine microorganisms, which states that the presence of a surface on which these organisms may cling significantly increased bacterial activity and growth. Zobell noticed that there were noticeably more bacteria on surfaces than there were in the surrounding environment (in this case, seawater). The electron microscope, which enables high-resolution photomicroscopy at far higher magnifications than the light microscope, would be necessary for a thorough analysis of biofilms
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Answer:
Explanation:
Option(A) reduced ability to colonize the mammalian gut is the correct answer.
E. coli uses the ED route to break down sugar acids present in the mucus of mammalian guts.
What does "ED pathway" refer to?
Pathway of Entner-Doudoroff
The metabolic process known as the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) Pathway is particularly significant in Gram-negative bacteria, some Gram-positive bacteria, and archaea.
In the ED pathway, glucose serves as the substrate, and pyruvate is produced because of a series of chemical events with the help of enzymes.
What role does the ED pathway play?
In the breakdown of gluconate (Gnt), the ED pathway enzymes Edd and Eda play important roles.
Numerous microbes can use gnt, a sugar acid present in the intestinal environment, as a source of energy.
the bacterium E. gnt is used by coli via the ED route.
What accomplishes the ED pathway?
The EMP pathway's initial steps, which include fructose derivatives, can be avoided by using the ED pathway, which offers a glycolytic shortcut.
Another glycolytic route that skips the transition from G-6-P to fructose-6-phosphate begins with the ED intermediate gluconate-6-P.
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What are the 3 domains of development in psychology
Answer:
physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development.
Explanation:
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results of cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation on genomic dna often reveal relatively small peaks of dna that separate from the main genomic dna peak and consist of 1,000s of short repetitive sequences referred to as
Results of cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation on genomic DNA often reveal relatively small peaks of DNA that separate from the main genomic DNA peak and consist of 1,000s of short repetitive sequences referred to as Satellite DNA.
What is the DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
The DNA is supposedly made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts:
a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases.In conclusion, it is a fact that DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.
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What does it mean for a hormone to be episodic? What are two examples of episodic hormones? animal science
Hormone to be episodic means the secretion or release of hormones in response to other response which further induce the secretion the other hormones. Example, The insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cell, which controls blood sugar, as well as the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron, that controls reproductive function are two examples of these rhythmic systems.
Hormone- Chemicals called hormones function in the body as messenger molecules. They are created in one area of the body and then go to other areas where they assist regulate how cells & organs function. For instance, the pancreatic beta cells produce the hormone insulin. Hormones come in a variety of forms and affect various elements of physiological processes and activities. Growth and development are a few of these.
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thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in metabolic rate of tissues that can result in certain effects. what are some of these effects? select all that apply.
Thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in metabolic rate of tissues that can result in certain effects such as:
A) Increased heart rate
C) Increased body temperature
D) Increased cardiac output.
What is a Hormone?This is referred to as a chemical messenger which are produced by different types of glands and they are released directly into the bloodstream for action.
They control metabolic reactions and an example is the thyroid hormone which is located in the front of the neck. It controls growth and has other effects on the body such as increase in temperature and heart rate of the individual.
There is also an increase in the cardiac output due to the different reactions occurring which is therefore the reason why options A, C and D were chosen as the most correct choices.
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The full question is:
A nurse is describing the action of thyroid hormones to a client. The nurse would include information that thyroid hormones are principally concerned with the increase in the metabolic rate of tissues that can result in which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Increased heart rate
B) Decreased respiratory rate
C) Increased body temperature
D) Increased cardiac output
E) Decreased oxygen consumption
which of the following is not true concerning all bacterial plasmids? choose one: a. they may exist in multiple copies in a single cell. b. they may contain antibiotic resistance genes. c. they may be transmitted horizontally from one bacterium to another. d. they are always linear dna.
Option D i.e. they are always linear DNA is not true concerning all bacterial plasmids.
Plasmids are crucial for bacterial evolution and adaptability to the environment because they contain genes that confer advantageous characteristics on the bacterial cell. Plasmids of many sorts can coexist in the same bacterial cell.
In every bacterial cell, plasmids are present by nature. All bacterial cells include plasmids, which are tiny, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules. These plasmids can independently reproduce because they are isolated from chromosomal DNA.
The plasmids contain genes for antibiotic resistance. Virulence Plasmids: The majority of the infection in the host body is caused by plasmids that contain viral genes. Degradative Plasmids: These plasmids include genes that cause the host genome to deteriorate.
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if the original dna sequence is 3' - gtt tac ctc tcc gac atc - 5' [template strand] 5' - caa atg gag agg ctg tag - 3' [coding/non-template strand] a point mutation occur and change the sequence to 3' - gtt tac atc tcc gac atc - 5' [template strand] 5' - caa atg tag agg ctg tag - 3' [coding/non-template strand] what type of mutation is this?
The given type of mutation is nonsense mutation which results from point mutation.
A nonsense mutation in a DNA sequence causes a premature stop codon, also known as a nonsense codon, in the transcribed mRNA as well as a shortened, ineffective, and typically nonfunctional protein product.
As was mentioned previously, a nonsense mutation happens when a stop codon replaces an amino acid's codon. A shortened and typically nonfunctional protein is the result of this mutation. By altering a tRNA molecule's anticodon sequence such that it recognizes the stop codon instead of the start codon, such a deficiency may be at least partially repressed.
Therefore, the given type of mutation is nonsense mutation which results from point mutation.
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Which cell type is only located in two layers of the epidermis, the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum?.
which structures are part of the basal ganglia? a globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, amygdala b caudate nucleus, putamen, fornix c putamen, amygdala, mammillary bodies d globus pallidus, substantia nigra, putamen
The globus pallidus, substantia nigra and putamen are the parts of the basal ganglia.
What is basal ganglia and what are the parts of basal ganglia?Basal ganglia are a group of nuclei responsible for specific functions and roles as other ganglia are.The motor functions are the responsibility of basal ganglia as these are the group of subcortical nuclei.Here in the question is asked the parts of basal ganglia and the answer would be globus pallidus, substantia nigra and putamen.The pallidum is the basal ganglia consisting of two nuclei , and the only basal ganglia consisting of two nuclei.Hence the structures and the parts of basal ganglia are globus pallidus, substantia nigra and putamen.To know more about basal ganglia visit:
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in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis water is split, releasing high energy particles that pass down a gradient to produce energy in the form of atp. what are these particles called? group of answer choices photons protons electrons
Answer:
photons
Explanation:
protons and electrons are part of chemisty in elements
a close look at almost any terrestrial community or ecosystem reveals that it consists of an ever-changing mosaic of patches of vegetation in different stages of .
Bohr’s ""planetary model"" states that electrons are in specific energy levels or ""orbits"" around the nucleus. Explain how this is not possible using heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
The speed and precise location of the electrons as they passed through the atom cannot be determined in accordance with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
Bohr believed that electrons traveled along circular routes as they orbited the nucleus; but, in the contemporary understanding, atomic electron structure is more akin to three-dimensional standing waves.
Rutherford's theory of the atom was expanded upon by Bohr. The majority of the atom's mass is concentrated there, in the region we now refer to as the nucleus, and electrons form a sort of cloud around the positive mass. The model's explanation utilizing the quantified energy was Bohr's most important contribution. He thought that electrons traveled in a circle around the nucleus with quantized potential and kinetic energy.
In theory, it is still thought that the model's quantification component is accurate. The concept of circular orbits for electrons is the major issue.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that it is impossible to know a particle's position and momentum at the same time, is not satisfied by this. It also fails to account for the fact that atoms are arranged in three dimensions. The 3D structure of an atom is unlikely to exist if the orbitals are circular.
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What does a carbon atom do during photosynthesis?
During photosynthesis, plants capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and water from the soil to carry out this process. What happens with carbon atoms is that they, with the sunlight action, will go to form glucose, whose chemical formula we can see it in the following:
[tex]6\text{ CO}_2\text{ + 6 H}_2\text{O }\rightarrow\text{ C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6\text{ + 6 O}_{2\text{ }}[/tex]What those 6 numbers tell us, is that for each 6 carbon dioxide atoms, plus each 6 water molecules, the process will be carried out, producing one glucose molecule, plus 6 oxygen molecules.
Which of these best explains the impact of convection on the atmosphere?
Dense air moves away from Earth's surface. Water heats up the air surrounding it. Land heats up the air surrounding it. Warm air rises upwards
From the options given, the best statement to explain the impact of convection on the atmosphere is: D. Warm air rises upwards. Convection in the atmosphere directly impacts cloud formation.
What is convection?Convection is the process that includes movement within a liquid or gas driven by differences in temperature and density. Convection on our atmosphere is very crucial in water cycles. Through the convention, energy from the hotter areas will be redistributed to the cooler areas. It affects wind direction and helps aid temperature circulation on Earth.
Convection also affects the weather. As the sun heats Earth’s surface, the air heats up and rises. Once this air cools down in the atmosphere, Cumulus clouds will form and produces rain eventually.
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four cells that originally had seven pairs of homologous chromosomes go through meiosis 2. how many total chromosomes exist in each cell? are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not?
Total 7 chromosomes exist in each cell.
Chromosomes in each cell, they are not duplicated.
There are four cells that are going through meiosis 2, after meiosis there are eight cells that are produced.
There were originally seven pairs of homologous chromosomes, after going through meiosis 2, chromosome number does not change and don't get duplicated, so, there are seven chromosomes in each cell, but the chromosomes are not duplicated.
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which of the following statements among a - d is false? a. an antimicrobial agent exhibiting bacteriostatic activity should always show a decrease in viable count. b. in terms of killing effect, ionizing radiation like gamma rays is generally more effective than non-ionizing radiation such as uv light. c. implementing cold temperatures for food preservation has a bacteriostatic effect rather than a bacteriocidal effect. d. disinfection is not a sterilization process. e. none of a - d is false; all are true
Among the following statements, option e is correct that is all the given statements are true.
In option a, bacteriostatic means a state of preventing the growth of bacteria, thus an antimicrobial agent persisting in this quality will decrease the growth of bacteria which is the decreased viable count. In option b, Gamma radiations are ionizing radiations but UV- radiations are non-ionizing radiation thus, gamma radiations are more harmful than UV- radiation.
In option c, Food preservation at a cold temperature gives a dormant state to bacteria thus the growth of bacteria is bacteriostatic, and not bacteriocidal. In option d, Disinfection is different from sterilization, they both are decontamination process where disinfection is the process of killing and sterilization is the process of killing.
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Suppose you are given two liquids and told that one
is a compound and the other is a mixture. How might you determine
which was which? Describe one method you could use.
By using the distillation process, we can discriminate between a chemical and a solution. Distillation can be used to separate elements, however a compound cannot be separated in this way.
What is explain distillation?Distillation is a process that turns a liquid into a vapour, which is then condensed back into a liquid state. The simplest illustration of it is when steam from a kettle condenses into drops of distilled water that are left on a cold surface.
Why is distillation used?A chemical is purified through distillation by being separated from a non-volatile or less-volatile substance. Because various compounds frequently have different boiling points, when a mixture is distilled, the components frequently separate from the mixture.
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One way to tell the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions is that _____________. options cells in hypertonic solutions will shrink as water moves out cells in hypertonic solutions will move faster as water pushes outward cells in hypotonic solutions will swell as water moves into the cell both a and c
One way to tell the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions is that both a and c.
In the field of science, a hypotonic solution can be described as a solution in which there will be less solute inside the cell as compared to the outside. Hence, water will move into the cell in a hypotonic solution causing it to swell.
On the other hand, a hypertonic solution can be described as a solution in which there is more water inside a cell as compared to outside of a cell. As a result, water will move out of a cell in a hypertonic solution and hence the cell will shrink.
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can someone help me pleaseeeeeeeeeeee
The greatest gravitational force is experienced when;
P = 6.0 * 10^24 KgQ = 625 Kgd = 25000 mWhat is the gravitational force?Let us recall that the gravitational force is the force that acts between any two objects that we find on the earth's surface. The gravitational force is an attractive force. We know that if we have two objects, then one object must effect a gravitational force of attraction on the other. The magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction can be obtained by the use of the formula;
F = Gm1m2/r^2
F = the gravitational force of attraction
G = gravitational constant
m1 and m2 = The masses of each of the objects
r = The distance between the objects that are found in the gravitational filed of the earth.
The larger the masses of the objects and the smaller the distance that the objects have between them, the greater the gravitational force between the objects.
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How would you describe what a shale with ammonite looks like?
Answer: The color-producing shell layer of Ammolite is usually very thin (often less than one millimeter) and attached to a dark gray to brown base of shale or siderite. Exceptional pieces can be cut into gems without stabilization.
Explanation:
The color-producing shell layer of Ammolite is usually very thin (often less than one millimeter) and attached to a dark gray to brown base of shale or siderite. Exceptional pieces can be cut into gems without stabilization.
Ammolite triplet
Most Ammolite is used to produce triplets. These are made by backing the fragile iridescent material with a thin slab for stability and topping it with a transparent cover for protection.
Clear quartz or spinel can be used for the transparent cover. Black shale or another material can be used for the backing. Some Ammolite is made into doublets, which only requires adding a backing or transparent cover as needed. Many stones are impregnated with epoxy for stability.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Birds (youngest)
Dinosaurs (younger than amphibians)
Amphibians
Corals(exists between trilobites and amphibians)
Trilobites(oldest)
Answer:
birds
dinosaurs
amphibians
corals
trilobites
Explanation:
Birds are the youngest which makes them the top layer (cus they died last )Means it is A
Trilobites is the oldest which makes them the last layer ,layerE
Dinosaurs is younger than birds so it is B
And amphibians is younger than dinosaur so is either C or D
Corals is in between Trilobites and amphibians Means that amphibians will be C and corals will be D.
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