The luminous reactions begin when light reaches photosystem II. The water molecules provide electrons to the photosystem, releasing oxygen and protons. The letter A represents photosystem II that splits water.
-----------
1. Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
2. When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.
3. The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.
4. When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules.
5. Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.
6. When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II.
7. When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.
8. The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.
9. Hydrogen ions go back from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Related link: https://brainly.com/question/13516273?referrer=searchResults
https://brainly.com/question/8109609?referrer=searchResults
https://brainly.com/question/6563090?referrer=searchResults
Why does a plant produce more sugar after summer?
Answer:
Sunlight = Energy
Explanation:
Plants have chlorophyll that uses sunlight from the sun to create energy.
The energy is then used to change carbon dioxide from the air into sugars like glucose. The plant transports sugars into the tissues like roots, flowers and fruits so it can grow.
Answer:
Plants have chlorophyll that uses sunlight to gather energy. The energy is then used to change carbon dioxide from the air into sugars like glucose and fructose. ... They transport sugars throughout the plant and supply it to tissues like roots, flowers and fruits that depend on this sugar to grow.
Explanation:
Most of the reactions by which energy from carbohydrates is released for use by the cell take place within the
A) Mitochondria.
B) Nuclei.
C) Ribosomes.
D) Vacuoles
Most of the reactions by which energy from carbohydrates is released for use by the cell take place within the MITOCHONDRIA. These organelles (mitochondria) are the energy centres of the cell.
Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions by which the cell produces energy in the form of ATP by using the energy stored in the chemical bond of simple carbohydrates and oxygen.
Cellular respiration has three stages: glycolysis, the citric cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas the citric cycle and oxidative phosphorylation take place in the mitochondria.
Learn more in:
https://brainly.com/question/10688306
Answer:
A)mitochondria
Explanation: I will give you a easy explanation
What kinds of point mutations alter a gene's DNA sequence?Describe each of them.
How is the aftermath of the children’s Halloween prank an example of the novel’s themes of prejudice and false suspicion? Book Name To Kill a Moking Bird
The novel shows the example of prejudice and false suspicion after the children made a joke on Miss Tutti and Miss Frutti Barber.
In the novel a situation is presented in which the naughty and evil children enter the Barbers' living room and make a joke by taking all the furniture to hide them in a cellar.
Later, when the Barber sisters find out, they blame (without having seen who it was) Syrian fur sellers saying:
Miss Tutti was sure that the fur sellers who had passed through town two days ago had stolen her furniture.They were brown, she said. Syrians.According to the above, the Barber sisters had prejudices and false suspicions against the Syrians because only on suspicion they accused them of the theft of their furniture, without them having committed this fact.
Learn more in: https://brainly.com/question/7978036
Temperatures on Mars reach as high as 20 °C and fall as low as –140 °C. That temperature is colder than anyplace on Earth. Temperatures on Earth vary, but they stay within a range of –89 °C to 58 °C. Based on this evidence, which physical property is responsible for the greater range of temperatures on Mars as compared to those on Earth?
A. mass
B. axial tilt
C. thin atmosphere
D. period of revolution
Answer:
c
Explanation:
thin atmosphere
The biotic factors of the North American ecosystem that influence lodgepole pine populations are
A.
fire, pine beetles and fungus
B.
clear cutting by lumber companies and -25 oC winter temperatures
C.
the mountain pine beetle parasite and fungus
D.
warm dry summers and cold wet winters
Answer:
B
Explanation:
im pretty sure
PLEASE HELP I NEED ANSWER RIGHT NOW ASAP. 100 POINTS TO WHOEVER ANSWERS FIRST AND ALSO BRAINLEST!!!!!!!!!!!!! :)
Look at the following graph, which shows the average number of offspring had by mice per year with certain traits. Based on the data, which traits are advantageous to the species?
Explanation:
The traits more sensitive noses is advantageous to the species
Question 9
Which is a negative impact of destroying the rainforests?
The Animals woud be hurt
Explanation:
The environment would be bad to be destroyed for the animals in the rainforest.
Problem: How do the levels of reproductive hormones influence the human menstrual cycle?
You'll be needing a graph paper and the data below because I don't know how to screen shot with computer and used this link as the image and please give me correct graphing and results please finish it all and Ill give brainiest and 30 points.
Progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle. Menstruation occurs just after LH and FSH levels peak. Menstruation occurs after progesterone levels drop. Estrogen levels rise before ovulation, while progesterone levels rise after.
Based on the data collected and what you have learned about osmosis and the three treatment options, rank the treatments from most effective to least effective. What do you predict?
Although I could not locate the options in order to provide a ranking, I can offer the insight that a hypertonic saline solution will be the most effective form of treatment.
I believe you are referring to the full case study which says :
"Your goal is to stop Clark's seizures by restoring equilibrium between the blood and the matrix. Based on the data collected and what you have learned about osmosis and the three treatment options, rank the treatments from most effective to least effective. What do you predict?"
A hypertonic saline solution is used to draw water out of cells by creating an increased concentration of solute in the blood, forcing the water out of the cell through osmosis.
Clark's seizures may be caused by Increased solute concentrations in the brain which forces water from blood to move into the brain, thus increasing the matrix pressure. This then causes the neurons to fire at an increased rate and leads to the seizures Clark was experiencing.
Hypertonic saline can be used to increase solute concentrations, in this case, Sodium, in the blood which forces water to move back into veins. Thus returning Clark to a balanced level of blood and matrix water levels, and may reduce his likelihood of seizures.
To learn more visit:
https://brainly.com/question/4237735?referrer=searchResults
Answer: A hypertonic solution would be most effective. Isotonic Saline would be least effective and so would Hypotonic.
Explanation:
what would make the earth's plates stop moving
Answer:
Slab Resistance would make the earth's plates stop moving
Explanation:
Answer:
Brainiest plz and hope this answer helped let me know if you need any more help I am glad to help!
Explanation:
what would make the earth's plates stop moving?
If the earths mantel would be really cold then the earth's plates would stop moving.
All of the following are examples of genetic drift EXCEPT:
A. A beetle gets stepped on B. A rabbit gets swept away by a tornado
C. An elephant drinks a protozoa living in a puddle D. A light colored moth does not camouflage on a dark
colored tree and gets eaten by a bird
C. AN ELEPHANT DRINKS A PROTOZOA LIVING IN A PUDDLE.
HOPE IT HELPS YOU
What are 4 facts about Earth's outer layer? Subject: Science 7th grade Plate motion.
the merger between _____ resulted in the first production-distribution-exhibition firm with a truly national theater chain.
The merger between Famous Players-Lasky and Balaban & Kat resulted in the first production-distribution-exhibition firm with a truly national theater chain.
Famous Players-Lasky in collaboration (merged) with Balaban & Katz that was a chicago-based theater chain who had a lot of large auditoriums in the Midwest. The merger brought about the first production distribution-exhibition firm with a truly national theater chain. It was later named Publix Theaters. Paramount-Publix became the firm's name.Conclusively, we can say that the merger between Famous Players-Lasky and Balaban & Kat resulted in the first production-distribution-exhibition firm with a truly national theater chain.
Learn more from
https://brainly.com/question/21336251
What is a concentration of mineral fragments at the bottom of a streambed called? Choose the correct answer.
O nodule
O placer deposit
O native element
O hydrothermal solution
Answer:
B. Placer deposit
Explanation:
Quizlet called "7-1 Science Mineral Resources" with answers
If the black horse is homeozygous, what is its genotype?
Answer:
the genotype is BB.
Explanation:
which enzyme pairs corresponding nucleotides to a preexisting dna chain in order to synthesize a new strand of dna?
Answer:
✓ DNA polymerase
Explanation:
major difference between positive and negative feedback loops?
Answer:
Negative feedback loop-keeps in check
Positive feedback loop- increases quality of another variable
Explanation:
how do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones?
Answer:
Nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways and steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways.
Explanation:
Which of the following is a population?
Answer:
D. All of the fish, bacteria, and mammals that live in a lake (i think)
What are 2 characteristics of the plasma membrane?
Answer:
they have flexibility and they help transport materials in and out of a cell
what is the difference between the thermosphere and stratosphere
Answer:
Explanation:
The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high. The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, is in this layer. The thermosphere starts just above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers (372 miles) high
Answer:The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high. The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, is in this layer. The thermosphere starts just above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers (372 miles) high
Explanation:
What makes a successful Aquarium
Answer:
Im guessing animal control feeding the animals good glass and thickness also a strong bridge last is a passive shark
Explanation:
how many days can sperm live inside a woman’s body
Answer:
up to 5 days
Explanation:
this is the right answer
The tails of the cell membrane are ____________ while the phosphate heads are ___________.
Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic
Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic
Flexible, Hydrophobic
Water Loving, Flexible
Explanation:
The tails of the cell membrane are __hydrophobic__ while the phosphate heads are __hydrophilic__.
I hope the following image helps to further explain the answer.
The tails of the cell membrane are hydrophobic while the phosphate heads are hydrophilic. The correct option is B.
What is the structure of cell membrane?The phospholipid bilayer, which forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments, is the membrane's fundamental structure. These compartments are the inside and outside of the cell in the case of the plasma membrane.
The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and serves to separate the cell's interior from the outside environment.
The membrane of the cell is composed of a semipermeable lipid bilayer. The cell membrane controls the transport of materials into and out of the cell.
The heads (phosphate) are polar, whereas the tails (lipid) are non-polar. The heads, which form the outer as well as inner linings, seem to be "hydrophilic" (love water), whereas the tails, which face the cell membrane's interior, are "hydrophobic" (water fearing).
Thus, the correct option is B.
For more details regarding cell membrane, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13524386
#SPJ2
what enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
a scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species found floating in a sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem. which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in the sample?
Why does the brain of mammals keep track of the temperature of the skin and the blood?
Answer:
The thermoregulatory center in this gland regulates heat loss and production. This center is influenced by nerve impulses from receptors near the skin and the temperature of the blood flowing through it. When the environment is warm or hot, there are a variety of ways mammals stay cool..
Explanation:
Hope it helps you..
Y-your welcome in advance..
(;ŏ﹏ŏ)(ㆁωㆁ)
The brain of mammals keeps track of the temperature of the skin and the blood so that they can regulate the cells and maintain homeostasis in the body relative to the outer environment.
What is the importance of homeostasis in the body?The body's homeostasis should always be maintained in order to keep the cells and organs active and able to perform their functions. Because the brain has different control centers, it keeps track of the skin and blood temperature because the brain can release different hormones depending on the situation. The lipid composition and arrangements of the cells change in the summer and the winter, and all these are possible due to the brain sending signals to cells.
Hence, the brain of mammals keeps track of the temperature of the skin and the blood so that it can regulate the cells and maintain homeostasis in the body relative to the outer environment.
Learn more about homeostasis here.
https://brainly.com/question/3888340
#SPJ2
what are some examples of diffusion in living organisms
Answer:
Oxygen and carbon dioxide, dissolved in water, are exchanged by diffusion in the lungs:
oxygen moves down a concentration gradient from the air in the alveoli to the blood.carbon dioxide moves down a concentration gradient from the blood to the air in the alveoli.Answer:
oxygen moves down a concentration gradient from the air in the alveoli to the blood.
carbon dioxide moves down a concentration gradient from the blood to the air in the alveoli.
Explanation:
How does independent assortment increase genetic variation in Meiosis?
Answer:
Independent assortment produce new combinations of alleles.
Explanation:
In meiosis I, crossing over during prophase and independent assortment during anaphase creates sets of chromosomes with new combinations of alleles. Genetic variation is also introduced by random fertilization of the gametes produced by meiosis. It results in gametes that have unique combinations of chromosomes.