Results of cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation on genomic DNA often reveal relatively small peaks of DNA that separate from the main genomic DNA peak and consist of 1,000s of short repetitive sequences referred to as Satellite DNA.
What is the DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
The DNA is supposedly made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts:
a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases.In conclusion, it is a fact that DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.
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which of the following traits was the most important in enabling the first plants to move onto land? rings of cellulose synthesizing complexes alternation of generations apical meristems development of sporopollenin to prevent desiccation of the zygote peroxisome enzymes that minimize losses from photorespiration
Development of sporopollenin to prevent desiccation of the zygote
What is cellulose?
The polysaccharide cellulose, an organic molecule with the formula n, is made up of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of D-glucose units that are covalently bonded. Green plants, numerous types of algae, and oomycetes all have basic cell walls that contain cellulose as an essential structural element.
A molecule called cellulose is made up of hundreds, and occasionally even thousands, of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Cellulose, the main substance in plant cell walls, keeps plants stiff and upright.
Ceralacell is not a protein, no. Proteins are made up of a number of amino acids connected together by a peptide linkage, whereas cellulose is a polysaccharide made up of a linear chain of many linked D-glucose units.
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true or false: sexual selection is a case of natural selection that describes evolution due not to variable survival rates, but rather due to variable reproductive rates stemming from characteristics that allow an individual to successfully attract a mate. group of answer choices
distinguished between two types of sexual selection: intrasexual selection, in which members of the same sex (often males) struggle for access to mates, and intersexual selections.
What is sexual selection?In the process of sexual selection, members of one biological sex choose partners from the other sex and compete with one another for access to partners from the other sex. The sexual selection idea proposes that animals with distinctive physical characteristics, such as dramatic colour, enhanced size, or eye-catching adornments, may have an easier time finding mates.He distinguished between two types of sexual selection: intrasexual selection, in which members of the same sex (often males) struggle for access to mates, and intersexual selection, in which members of one sex (frequently females) favor members of the opposite sex.Members of one biological sex choose partners from the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection) and compete with one another for access to partners from the other sex through sexual selection (intrasexual selection).To learn more about sexual selection refer to:
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. in mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions a. are the source of energy driving prokaryotic atp synthesis. b. are directly coupled to substrate-level phosphorylation. c. provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient. d. reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide. e. use atp to pump h out of the mitochondrion.
Option c In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions provide the energy to establish the proton gradient
Phoimage illustrative of mitochondria Cell organelles called mitochondria, which are membrane-bound, generate the majority of the chemical energy needed to power a cell's metabolic processes (plural: mitochondrion).Adenosine triphosphate is a little molecule that stores the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP). By using the energy created during the oxidation of the food we eat, oxidative phosphorylation—the traditional function of mitochondria—generates ATP. Most biochemical and physiological processes, including growth, mobility, and equilibrium, all require ATP as their principal energy source. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that transform food energy into a form that cells can utilise. The fluid around the nucleus of each cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria (the cytoplasm).
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after two weeks, the scientists measured the increase in body fat in the mice. they also determined the amount of energy (in kcal/g) in the feces of both groups -- that is, the energy in the food molecules that was not extracted or absorbed by the mice. what experimental results would support the scientists' hypothesis? label the bars on the graphs to match the results predicted by the hypothesis.
Body fat of the lean germ-free mice that received microbes from genetically obese mice increases and their feces contains less energy food will support the scientists' hypothesis.
Since the researchers are determining whether or not microorganisms in the gut community are responsible for obtaining energy from meals, supplying additional calories to the host, and encouraging the development of greater fat deposits, they used obese mice.
Less body fat and more energy food in the feces of the lean germ-free mice that received microbes from genetically lean mice support their claim; that genetics may be a reason while the microbes in the obese mice absorb food, extract energy, and deposit fat in their host. An increase in body fat in the lean germ-free group that received microbes from the genetically obese donors will prove their claim.
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After four half-lives of decay, what is the ratio of radioactive parent isotope to stable daughter isotope?
answer: 1:15
1:15 is the ratio of radioactive parent isotope to stable daughter isotope,
after four half-lives of decay.
Let:
'A' be the initial concentration of the radioactive parent isotope'n' be the number of corresponding half-lives'A/2ⁿ ' be the final concentration of the radioactive parent isotopeUsing the Exponential Decay Relation:
A → A/2ⁿ ( after 'n' half-lives )
A⁴ → A/2⁴
A⁴ → A/16
∵The final concentration of the radioactive parent isotope is A/16.
∴The initial concentration of the stable daughter isotope will be 15A/16.
1:15 is the ratio of radioactive parent isotope to stable daughter isotope,
after four half-lives of decay.
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primate males engage in competition for access to females. this reproductive strategy has led to larger body size and canine size in males (due to sexual selection). group of answer choices true false
The statement is true. Sexual selection is a form of natural selection in which characteristics that appeal most to the opposite sex spread more widely more common.
Which of the following variables might affect the size of a primate social group?
Most primates are highly social creatures that live in groups that range from small reproductive units to huge troops of hundreds of individuals. Food resource distribution, competition with other species, and the threat of predation are all key considerations of primate group size.
Among the various residence patterns, single-male groups have the most competition. Outside males who want to overthrow him and take over the group are constantly threatening the male in this group.
Therefore, primate males compete for access to females due to sexual selection.
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1. How was this viral entry similar to what Dede Koswara experienced with HPV?
What does this teach us about the importance of using fresh gloves when
working with potentially sick patients?
Dede Koswara, nicknamed the Tree Man, teaches us about the importance of wearing new gloves when working with potentially HPV patients. because if you use the same glove you can transmit diseases from a patient like Dede to another healthy one.
What is the story of Dede Koswara?He accidentally cut his knee, where a small wart grew on his leg, which eventually spread all over his body.
The solution was when he found US dermatology expert Dr. Anthony Gaspari of the University of Marlyland, he concluded that Dede's disease was caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).
What is HPV?The human papilloma virus (HPV) is responsible for a high number of infections that, in most cases, do not present symptoms and are spontaneously regressed. This is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The human papilloma virus encompasses more than 200 related viruses.
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Which of the following is an input to the light dependent reaction?
O Oxygen
OPyruvic acid
Water
Glucose
Answer: A class hypothesized that water pollution affects the growth of ... These reactions take the light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical.
66 pages
Explanation:
JESUS SAVES EVERYONE JUST PRAY, HE IS ALWAYS LISTINING !
a potential cancer-causing gene coding for a protein with cell cycle control responsibilities is a(n) , and a gene coding for a protein that stimulates cell division is a .
A potential cancer-causing gene coding for a protein with cell cycle control responsibilities is a carcinogen, and a gene coding for a protein that stimulates cell division is a proto-oncogene.
What is carcinogen?Anything that has the potential to cause cancer is a carcinogen. They fall into three main categories: oncogenic (cancer-causing) viruses, physical carcinogens, and chemical carcinogens (including those derived from biological sources).The majority of carcinogens, either alone or in combination, cause cancer by interacting with cell DNA and impairing healthy cellular function. As a result, a tumour (an abnormal tissue development) eventually develops. Tumors have the capacity to spread (metastasize) from their original sites, invade, and cause dysfunction in other tissues, leading to organ failure and death. The two main ways that carcinogens cause these tumors to develop are through DNA changes that promote cell division and stop cells from being able to self-destruct in response to common triggers like DNA damage or cellular injury (apoptosis). There are substances known as carcinogens that cause cancer by means of non-genotoxic processes such immunosuppression and the development of tissue-specific inflammation.To learn more about carcinogen, refer to https://brainly.com/question/984334
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achondroplastic dwarfism involves a spontaneous genetic mutation resulting in chondrocytes that fail to multiply and enlarge at epiphyseal plates. considering this information, why do flat bones develop normally in a person with achondroplasia?
In achondroplasia, the frame has trouble turning cartilage into bone, particularly in the long bones of the arms and legs. This outcome in shortened bones, brief stature, and other different physical characteristics.
In achondroplasia, this protein starts offevolved to characteristic abnormally, slowing down the growth of bone inside the cartilage of the growth plate. This leads to shorter bones, abnormally-shaped bones, and shorter stature; a person top in human beings with achondroplasia is between 42 and 56 inches.
Dwarfism (skeletal dysplasia) impacts bone growth in your body. The most common bones that dwarfism influences are the long bones inside the arms and legs, however, it is able to have an effect on different bones together with the bones to your legs and arms as well as your stomach and head.
Achondroplasia is a bone increase sickness that causes disproportionate dwarfism. Dwarfism is defined as a situation of quick stature as a person. people with achondroplasia are brief in stature with a normal-sized torso and brief limbs. it's the most common form of disproportionate dwarfism.
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A short summary of Darwins 5 Points.
Answer:More organisms are produced than can survive because of limited resources.
— Individuals within a population vary in their traits; some of these traits are heritable -- passed on to offspring.
— Some variants are better adapted to survive and reproduce under local conditions than others.
Explanation:
Explain the function of organelles present in a prokaryotic cell.
Explanation:
i think you will satisfy with it
osteogenesis imperfecta (oi) is a genetic disorder linked to mutations in the genes that encode the components of type 1 collagen. the disorder is primarily characterized by individuals having bones that fracture easily. however, it also includes other features, such as blue sclera, a condition in which the whites of the eye (the sclera) are blue, and early-onset hearing loss. these characteristics of oi indicate that the genes involved exhibit pleiotropy. crossing over. discrete expression. quantitative traits. phenotypic plasticity.
These characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta (oi) indicate that the genes involved exhibit pleiotropy. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?Osteogenesis imperfecta may be defined as a type of genetic disorder that affects the connective tissues and is significantly characterized by extremely fragile bones that break or fracture easily.
Pleiotropy may be defined as a type of phenomenon in which a single gene exhibits multiple phenotypic expressions. These genes affect the metabolic pathways that considerably result in the different phenotypes.
Therefore, these characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta (oi) indicate that the genes involved exhibit pleiotropy. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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which human activity is least likely to be a major threat to marine systems? group of answer choices habitat destruction from coastal development runoff of nonpoint source pollution overfishing sinking of ships to create artificial reefs invasive species introduced by humans
Human entertainment is least likely to pose the greatest threat to marine systems. Overfishing and sinking ships to create artificial coral reefs
Marine biology is the study of marine organisms, their behavior, and their interactions with the environment. Marine biologists discover marine life by studying chemistry, physics, and geological oceanography related to biological oceanography. Seafood or clam shells like our bodies; marine engines generated by the action of ocean currents or waves; with marine sediments.
Marine biologists don't have that kind of immersion now. Many roles are performed in the laboratory or on the job site, and fieldwork regularly includes research that may be performed on a boat or on the shore. You don't even need to understand how to swim! Of course, it is very interesting to have underwater next to the animal you are analyzing. Marine and aquatic biology is the study of marine and freshwater organisms, their behavior, and their interactions with the environment. Marine and aquatic biology is a sub-discipline of oceanography and biology.
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botox is a medical application using the toxin produced by clostridium botulinum to choose one: a. kill pathogenic microbes in the gut. b. relax muscle spasms. c. prevent recurrent infections. d. kill pathogenic microbes in the central nervous system.
Botox is a medical application using the toxin produced by clostridium botulinum to (b) relax muscle spasms.
Botulinum toxin, one of the most dangerous biological toxins, is a neurotoxin created by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum produces eight exotoxins with unique antigens (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G).
All serotypes inhibit acetylcholine, the major neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction, compromising with neuronal transmission and crippling limbs. Botulinum poisoning The typical duration of an injection-induced weakness is three months. The Clostridium botulinum toxin, which has paralytic properties, can be utilized to treat wrinkles and reduce muscle spasms.
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Please answer fast!
worth 100 points
Answer:
self feeder; E from sun or chemicals - autotrophs
has a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles - eukaryote (5)
the smallest taxonomic division - species (4)
no nucleus or membrane bound organelles - prokaryote (6)
one organism living inside another, both benefit - mutualism
two term - binomial (1)
Explanation:
In eukaryotes, the components of citric acid cycling and the electron transport chain are located in the ____.
In eukaryotes, the components of citric acid cycling and the electron transport chain are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain are both parts of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which the oxygen and glucose of food is used by a cell to produce energy in the form of ATP.
The process of cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. As cellular respiration and electron transport chain are parts of the cellular respiration process, hence these all take place in the mitochondria.
Cellular respiration is divided into three parts which is glycolysis, citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. When glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, the citric acid cycle as well as the electron transport chain occurs in mitochondria.
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1. what happens if the number of cod decreases?
2. What would happen if the phytoplankton were removed?
3.
Aquatic ecology would collapse without phytoplankton. Carbon levels would rise if plankton disappeared, causing climate change. Phyotplanktons may generate dangerous algal blooms if cod numbers drop (HABs).
What is phytoplankton?In the same way as terrestrial plants possess chlorophyll and are dependent on sunlight for their survival and growth, phytoplankton, which are sometimes referred to as microalgae, are found in aquatic environments. The vast majority of phytoplankton are buoyant, which allows them to float in the upper layers of the ocean where the sunlight can reach them.
When there is an excessive amount of nutrients available, phytoplankton have the potential to grow out of control and produce toxic algal blooms (HABs). These blooms have the potential to produce exceedingly poisonous chemicals, which can have a negative impact not just on fish and shellfish, but also on animals, birds, and even humans.
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Interpret Figure 6 and predict the general growth trend for steelhead trout in a stream that is 22 degrees C
The general trend of the growth of the steelhead trout in the 22°C stream will be limited when figure 6 is interpreted.
What is Temperature?This is referred to as the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance and is influenced by heat energy. It can be measured using a thermometer and its SI unit is kelvin.
The interpretation of the figure 6 provided in the question means that that the general trend of the growth of the steelhead trout in the 22°C stream will be limited. This also means that the level of growth is at a controlled stage.
This is because the trout in question are in the zone of physiological stress at the temperature of 22°C in the stream when observed and is therefore the reason why limited was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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4. If a mother unimonster is homozygous and has two horns, and a father unimonster is
homozygous and has one horn, what are the phenotypes and genotypes of the possible
offspring? Remember that the two-horn allele is dominant.
A gene region where there are two identical alleles present. Two alleles with the same variation or two alleles that are normal can both be present in a homozygous genotype.
What is Homozygous ? Allele pairings are categorized using the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous individuals are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygous refers to a particular organism with various alleles (Rr).A test cross can be used by a scientist to determine whether an organism displaying a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for a certain allele. A homozygous organism for the recessive trait is crossed with the organism in question, and the results of the test cross are looked at.To know more about Homozygous please click here : https://brainly.com/question/3676361
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how might the cost of medical technology influence the choices to consumers?
Answer: Researchers generally agree that medical technology has contributed to rising health care costs (1-3). Health insurance removes financial barriers to
Explanation:
how does photosynthesis impact plants and animals
Answer:
Photosynthesis creates all of the energy that fuels living organisms. Animals that eat plants acquire their energy from the stored sugar in plants, and animals that eat those animals obtain that same energy. Thus, all levels of a food web are still fueled by the energy developed by photosynthetic organisms.
Explanation:
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Which of the following is NOT a similarity between scanning electron microscopes and
transmission electron microscopes?
A. The medium is a vacuum.
B. The lenses are electrostatic.
C. The image is three-dimensional.
D. The magnification is electrical.
The image is three-dimensional which is produced by scanning electron microscopes this is not similarity between scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes
What is scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes ?Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) are types of microscopes that provide an image that is greatly enlarged while viewing specimens using an electron particle beam. TEMs have a 2 million-fold magnification capacity.
A focussed stream of electrons is projected and scanned over a surface by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to produce a picture. The interaction between the beam's electrons and the sample results in a variety of signals that can be used to learn more about the surface's topography and composition.Compared to the SEM, the TEM has a resolution that is higher ( 0.2 nm), and HR-TEM can even achieve near-atomic resolution. Furthermore, TEM offers details on both elemental and complex structure (i.e., crystal structure, elemental information and morphology)Learn more about Microscopes here:
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Clay is a telecommunications technician. What situation would Clay be called in to help with?
A non-profit conservation agency wants to stop a project that would endanger turtle nesting.
A cable company needs to lay new fiber optic cable to reach its customers across a large lake.
A soft drink manufacturer needs to deliver products to another country.
A small soybean farm is interested in buying more machinery.
PLEASE HELP 30 QUESTIONS
The situation in which Clay would be called in to help with as a telecommunications technician is that a cable company needs to lay new fiber optic cable to reach its customers across a large lake and is denoted as option B.
Who is a Telecommunications technician?This is referred to as a trained professional who specializes in the installing, and operating of telecommunications network circuits and equipment such as masts etc.
The appropriate job in this scenario will be that of a cable company which needs to lay new fiber optic cable to reach its customers across a large lake.
The optic cable is an important equipment which helps in the transmission of data as pulses of light and ensures that it occurs at a very fast speed which is therefore the reason why option B was chosen as the correct choice.
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identify the prey and predators of the spiders. grasshopper, spider, praying mantis, toad, garter snake, hognose snake, hawk.
Answer: prey of spider = grasshopper, sometimes spider, praying mantis,
predators of spider = toad, garter snake, hognose snake, hawk
Explanation:
after glycolysis and the tca cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbons of glucose have been broken down to co2 with some net gain of atp. most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of
Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of NADH (D).
A co-enzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is reduced by hydrogen atoms from the Kreb's cycle. The co-enzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide is another (FADH2), Typically, NADH2 moves hydrogen atoms into the mitochondrial matrix. Protons and electrons are spewed out of the hydrogen.
Proton motive force (PMF) pumps protons into intramembrane gaps from the matrix. As the proton diffuses back down the electrochemical gradient into the matrix, the high concentration of protons creates electrochemical gradients that provide the energy required for ATP production by the ATPase enzyme. Because of this, the energy from glucose is converted to NADH and used to synthesize ATP.
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Question correction:
Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _____.
A. acetyl-CoA
B. NAD O
C. pyruvate
D. NADH
human feet are everted so that their soles lie fully on the ground during ambulation. what muscle is developmentally unique to humans, inserts into the base of the fifth metatarsal, and assists in eversion (or pronation)?
The muscle is developmentally unique to humans, inserts into the base of the fifth metatarsal, and assists in eversion is fibularis tertius.
What is ambulation?The capacity to move around unaided while walking is known as ambulation. It is most frequently used to describe a patient's post-operative or physical therapy goals. A patient may need assistance before they are able to move around on their own in order to achieve their aim of ambulation.
Leg muscle called the fibularis tertius is located in its lateral compartment.
The fibularis longus muscle has the ability to plantar flex and evert the foot. Additionally, it supports the foot's longitudinal and transverse arches.
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The tendency to respond to a conditioned stimulus that is similar, but not identical, to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____.
The tendency to respond to a conditioned stimulus that is similar, but not identical, to the original conditioned stimulus is called Stimulus generalization.
The capacity to act in a new situation according to a strategy learned in earlier, analogous circumstances is known as stimulus generalization. The challenge is figuring out which elements of the learning circumstances should be applied to all situations.
When an organism's response that was previously conditioned by one stimulus can then be elicited by another stimulus that shares the same properties, this phenomenon is known as stimulus generalization. A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that may potentially cause a conditioned response. The ringing of the bell served as both the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response in the experiment as described. It's crucial to understand that the neutral stimulus changes into the conditioned stimulus.
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many physical systems, tissues, and cells become more susceptible to injury and disease with advanced age. this increased susceptibility, or normal alterations over time in the body and its organ systems, is known as
With advancing age, numerous physical systems, tissues, and cells become more prone to damage and illness. Ageing is the term used to describe these gradual changes in the body's organ systems and increased sensitivity.
Why does aging make humans more prone to illness?The immune system could experience the following changes: The immune system's reaction time slows down. This makes becoming sick more likely.
How does tissue development alter as we get older?Waste materials accumulate in tissue as we age. Many tissues accumulate lipofuscin, a fatty brown pigment, along with other fatty compounds. With aging, connective tissue becomes more rigid.. As a result, the airways, blood vessels, and organs get rigid.
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How can we differentiate so many different foods if we can only taste four flavors on our tongue: sweet, bitter, sour, and salty?
We can detect sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and savory tastes because of the presence of out taste buds. It has microvilli that are described to be very sensitive microscopic hairs. They are the one responsible for sending the message of taste to the brain so you will be able to know or differentiate the different taste of food. Each taste has a the presence of chamical substances that is stimulating the receptors on the taste buds. We are able to taste our food because of the sensory cells in our taste buds. We identify the flavor of our food by the odor that comes from our sense of smell because flavor includes taste and odor.