The most well-known theory in cell biology is the one known as the "cell theory," which proposes that pre-existing cells give rise to new cells and the idea of plant cells.
The first microscope was made by Hans and Zacharias Janssen in 1590, and he utilized a compound microscope to observe minuscule objects that were invisible to the human eye.In 1660 , Robert Hooke was the first to use the word “cell.”Animalcules were tiny organisms that Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered in 1674.In 1838 ,Matthias Schleiden theorized that plants are made of cells.In 1839 ,Theodor Schwann , he was a zoologist and theorized that animals are made of cells .Rudolf Virchow proposed the theory that cells originate from other existing cells in 1858, implying that the cell divides and produces new cells.The statements are arranged on the basis of years from most earliest to recent discovery.
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Each blue sphere in the figure below represents a cell in a cell lineage. Draw two modified versions of the cell lineage so that each version produces three cells. Use apoptosis in one of the versions, marking any dead cells with an X .
The cell lineage shown in the example shows that one cell divides into two, and each of these produces two further cells. Following is what would happen if a change in the cell lineage caused three cells to be produced from one cell:
Two distinct lineages are created from a single branch thanks to the descent of a single cell, and a third cell type descends straight from the original cell type.
One cell divides in a way that produces two cells, and each of these two cells creates two new cell lineages. One of a cell type's two lineages has died as a result of apoptosis. As a result, a single cell can produce a total of three distinct new cell types.
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Negative feedback is a process that regulates biological systems (see Concept 40.2). Explain how the density-dependent birth rate of dune fescue grass exemplifies negative feedback.
Negative feedback occurs when a process's output, or product, slows the process. A build-up of product (more people, leading in a higher population density) slows the process in populations with birth rates that depend on population density, like dune fescue grass (population growth) by decreasing the birth rate.
What is the birth rate?The number of babies born in a population in a specific period of time is known as the birth rate. The annual rate of births per 1,000 people is referred to as the human birth rate. For instance, if there are 35 births per 1,000 people each year, the birth rate is 35.
How important is the birth rate?One of the most fundamental and significant metrics in demography is the birth rate. However, it is not merely relevant to demographers. Birth rates have a significant impact on public policy, budgeting for education and health systems, and the general wellbeing of a society.
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Nitroglycerin (the key ingredient in dynamite) is sometimes prescribed for heart disease patients. Within the body, the nitroglycerin is converted to nitric oxide. Why would you expect nitroglycerin to relieve chest pain in these patients?
By opening (dilating) the heart's coronary arteries, nitroglycerin improves blood flow to the heart, which reduces symptoms and reduces cardiac effort.
A wide range of disorders that affect the human heart are referred to as heart disease. Heart disease includes conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), arrhythmias, and congenital heart problems.As a vasodilator, nitroglycerin widens the body's blood arteries. These cardiac arteries can be opened up to reduce chest pain. Nitroglycerine has at least two uses: it can be used as an explosion and a drug. A potent explosive that is liquid, unstable, and sensitive is nitroglycerine. An acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris are still treated with nitroglycerin. By generating nitric oxide, nitroglycerin encourages vasodilation and boosts blood flow to the heart muscle.Learn more about the Nitroglycerin with the help of the given link:
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A deep prolonged breath that fills the lungs believed to be caused by the need to increase the level of oxygen in the blood iscalled whatr?
A deep prolonged breath that fills the lungs believed to be caused by the need to increase the level of oxygen in the blood is called what yawning.
Lungs are the respiratory organs that supply oxygen to all the cells of the body and also help in removal of carbon dioxide. The occur in a pair in the thoracic cavity of the body. The lungs are covered with several small alveoli that increase the surface area of the lungs therefore enabling maximum exchange of gases.
Yawning is reflex action where the mouth opens wide to inhale large amount of air. This can occur when a person feels lethargic, is sleepy or when the body requires large amount of oxygen.
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What are three main types of landforms?
Answer:
Mountains, hills, plateaus.
Explanation:
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What kind of education do you think it takes to become a geologist (a person who studies rocks) Why?
Answer:
bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree is sufficient for many geology professions, though a master's or doctoral degree may be required for research roles, according to experts.
Explanation:
In the enzyme reactions, you mixed the enzyme catalase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide to see if bubbles formed. when you replaced catalase with water no bubbles formed. what does this suggest?
In the enzyme reactions, you mixed the enzyme catalase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide to see if bubbles formed. when you replaced catalase with water no bubbles formed. This suggests that no gas is releasing that was being released during the presence of catalase.
Catalase is an enzyme involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide acts as a substrate and its breakdown by the enzyme forms water and oxygen gas. Thus, the bubbles formed are of oxygen gas. Hence when the enzyme is replaced by water, no breakdown occurs and no oxygen is released.
Hydrogen peroxide is a highly instable compound. It occurs in liquid form. It is a very efficient germ cleaner and its application are as an antiseptic, cleaner, disinfectant, etc.
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Some athletes prepare for competition at sea level by sleeping in a tent in which PO₂ is kept low. When climbing high peaks, some mountaineers breathe from bottles of pure O₂ . In a short essay (100-150 words), relate these behaviors to the mechanism of O₂ transport in the human body and to physiological interactions with our gaseous environment.
1) The body is unable to adapt properly above a certain height.
2)PO2 falls – Because of the low air pressure, oxygen partial pressure declines.
3)Utilizing an artificial atmosphere high in oxygen is necessary since the body requires more oxygen to meet its metabolism.
4)Lack of oxygen triggers the creation of erythropoietin from the kidney, which results in the formation of red blood cells.
5) More erythrocytes are created thanks to the hormone erythropoietin.
6)O2 carrying capacity improves: Red blood cells' ability to carry oxygen increases after a large amount of erythrocytes are produced.
Describe metabolism:Your body uses a process called metabolism to convert the food and drink you consume into energy. Through a complex process, calories from food and drink are combined with oxygen to produce the energy your body needs to function.
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Dna double helices are soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. How do these physical properties reflect the chemical structure of the dna molecule?.
The physical property of DNA is due to the chemical structure of DNA which contains charged phosphate groups and sugars.
DNA is the most common genetic material in living organisms.
The structure of DNA is composed of deoxyribonucleotides.
The nucleotide is made up of three parts- a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
Many of these nucleotides are joined using phosphodiester bonds to form the DNA helices.
DNA is a hydrophilic molecule which means water-loving. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol due to the physical properties of the chemical constituents present within it.
Thus, the physical property of DNA is due to the chemical structure of DNA which contains charged phosphate groups and sugars.
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What was sandra day o’connor’s major achievement? being named the vice chief of naval operations in 2014 founding and running the national organization for women becoming the first female justice on the us supreme court becoming the first female nominee for president for a major party
Sandra Day O'Connor was the first woman to sit on the US Supreme Court, and she inspired a lot of people.
O'Connor, who had previously served in all three levels of state government, was about to leave an even more significant legacy. Ronald Reagan pledged to appoint a woman to the US Supreme Court during his presidential campaign in 1980. The Senate unanimously confirmed O'Connor's appointment on September 21, 1981, and four days later she took her seat on the bench, carrying out President Reagan's commitment to fill the vacancy left by Justice Potter Stewart in 1981. Justice O'Connor was frequently in the spotlight during her nearly 25 years on the bench. O'Connor privately disliked the term "swing vote," but the press frequently referred to her in that way since her practical approach to judgment occasionally caused her vote to be cast among the majority in 5-4 decisions. In her career, she wrote 676 opinions, 301 of which were the Opinion of the Court and covered a wide range of topics.Learn more about the sandra day with the help of the given link:
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Outline two mechanisms by which information flow between two neurons in an adult can increase.
The number of synapses between neurons may increase, or the strength of existing synaptic connections may increase.
What are neurons?Neurons are communication transmitters. They transmit information between different areas of the brain and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system using electrical impulses and chemical signals.
Neural pathways are networks of nerve fibers that transport information throughout the central nervous system.
Tracts are neural pathways that connect the central nervous system and the spinal cord. Descending tracts run from the spinal cord to the brain, while ascending tracts run from the spinal cord to the brain.
The flow of information can increase the number of synapses between neurons or the strength of existing synaptic connections. In an adult, these are the two mechanisms that increase information flow between two neurons.
Thus, these are the two mechanisms by which information flow between two neurons in an adult can increase.
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A____is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.
Answer:
biofilm
Explanation:
Sequence differences between healthy tissue and tumor cells from the same individual ____________.
Sequence difference between healthy tissue and tumor cells from the same individual invasive growth cell.
What is tumor cell?
Growth cells might be drawn in out of the vasculature toward bone surfaces by various chemotactic factors. Bone contains various variables with chemotactic potential for cancer cells. These incorporate pieces of type I collagen, which have been displayed to cause unidirectional relocation of cancer cells , and parts of the bone protein osteocalcin, which might cause Chemotaxis of growth cells and monocytes.
The molded media reaped from resorbing or redesigning bones contain chemotactic exercises that invigorate the unidirectional relocation of rodent and human cancer cells.
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In a short essay (100-150 words), describe how the emergent properties of the cells of the gastrula direct embryonic development.
The multicellular human being is in its early stages of growth and development when an embryo is created.
The process of developing an embryo begins when a human egg is fertilized by a sperm, creating a zygote that proceeds through various phases of cell division to become a specialized mass of cells known as an embryo.
One of the early developmental phases is the gastrula. This results in the embryo lengthening and the embryonic cells being organized into the three embryonic layers ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm (middle). Gastrula cells have cytoskeletal alterations. Gastrulation is the process through which the embryo develops into a double-walled, cup-shaped structure. In the fetus, each layer matures into a unique organ.
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Occasionally, two-headed animals are born, such as this turtle. Thinking about the occurrence of identical twins and the property of totipotency, explain how this might occur.
Any animal, even turtles, could be born with two heads on a single body due to the embryonic cell's insufficient segregation.
Axial bifurcation is the name given to this circumstance.It has been noted that some animals in the animal realm are born with two heads on a single head; this is most frequently seen in the class Reptilia, which includes turtles. An aberrant division occurs during the embryonic development phases, which leads to this developmental defect.The totipotent character of the blastomeres.
These blastomeres each grow into a distinct organism if they are kept apart from one another (identical twins).The embryo develops in a somewhat split state when the blastomere bifurcation is incomplete in some atypical circumstances, leading to kids with two heads. The creation of a turtle with two heads is a result of the occurrence known as axial bifurcation, which is a type of splitting.
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Water Cycle check please
Answer:
That looks right
Explanation:
Based on current growth rates, Earth's human population in 2015 will be closest to a. 2 million. c. 7 billion. b. 4 billion. d. 10 billion.
According to the statement, the number of people on Earth in 2015 will be close to 7 billion based on current growth rates.
The correct option is C
What is the meaning growth rate?The growth rate of a value (such as GDP, turnover, earnings, etc.) gauges how much it has changed over time (month, quarter, year). The percentage is a fairly universal way to communicate it.
Describe a growth rate example:Growth rates accumulate with time; if a variable's growth rate is constant, the change in the variable will only get bigger with time. Assume, for instance, that GDP will be 20.0 in 2020 and will increase by 10% annually. The GDP is 22.0 in 2021 (an rise of 2.0), but it is 24.2 in 2022. (an increase of 2.2).
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The table above shows the data collected during an experiment about plant height. Make a claim about whether this is a controlled experiment. Cite evidence to support the claim and explain your reasoning.
This is a controlled experiment, which controlled important factors for plant growth, because according to the data, the greater the availability of water and fertilizer, the greater the plant's development.
What are the basic elements of a controlled experiment?In a scientific experiment, a controlled experiment is one in which two groups (two samples) are compared to test a hypothesis: the control group (also called the test or witness group) and the experimental group.
With this information, we can conclude that Fertilizers are any type of substance applied to the soil or plant tissues to fix one or more nutrients essential for plant growth. Generally, they are applied in agriculture with the aim of improving crop production and preserving food for a longer time.
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The outward force that the blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels is called ________
The correct answer is blood pressure which exerts an outward force which is against the walls of the blood vessels.
Pressure is the force divided by the surface area and in the same, the blood exerts pressure or applies a force on the surface area of the blood vessel walls hence creating blood pressure as blood is the one to perform the work. The blood pressure works in the heart and specifically in the aorta which is being checked at the brachial artery blood pressure is created because the blood works and circulates or pumps to provide oxygen to the body and this blood pressure varies as the heart contracts or relaxes and that is why blood pressure is counted in 2 numbers and the blood pressure is higher during contraction and is lower between the heart beats and that is why when blood pressure incresaes very high there are chances of stroke and kidney disease and heart disease because to cuirculate blood the blood pressure applied is more as the blood vessels become narrower hence to help this out medicines are also advised and low blood pressure means that there is not enough flow of blood supply to the brain as the blood is not being pushed towrds creatinfg issue is the supply of it and the ideal blood pressure is considered as or between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg where mmHg milimeter mercury is the unit of blood pressure and the blood pressure can also differ for women and men where the high blood pressure id alo know hypertension and lower blood pressure is hypotension respectively.
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not answered question workspace check my work which letter indicates the area of the spinal cord that contains myelinated tracts?
Letter 'E' indicates the area of the spinal cord that contains myelinated tracts.
Bundles of myelinated pathways comprise the white matter of the spinal cord.
The deeper brain structures, known as the subcortical layer, include white matter. It has axons, which are the nerve cells' neurons' extensions—nerve fibers. The letter A denotes the thalamus. Many of these nerve fibers are protected by a type of sheath or coating known as myelin. remember that the left and right halves of the thalamus are involved. Areas of the substantial apprehensive device CNS that are specifically made from myelinated axons, also referred to as tracts, are said to as having a white count number. The dorsal or posterior lateral, and ventral or anterior columns of the spinal wire, each of which comprises axon tracts associated to specific capabilities, are subdivided into the white count of the spinal wire. Somatic mechanoreceptors in the dorsal columns transmit ascending sensory information.To learn more about spinal cord visit:
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Among the human autosomes, there are 3 viable trisomy conditions, all with developmental problems, but no viable monosomy conditions. this is because?
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) are the most prevalent autosomal trisomy types in people who survive to delivery.
With the exception of the Y chromosome, chromosome 21 has the fewest projected protein-coding sequences of any human chromosome, making trisomy 21 the only viable autosomal trisomy. The most prevalent types of trisomy are Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, and Patau syndrome. Trisomy frequently results in a variety of birth defects in children, including intellectual impairments and delayed development. If you have an additional set of a chromosome, trisomy diseases develop. When one duplicate of a chromosome is absent, you have monosomy.
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fill in the blank question. the splitting or diverging of a population into two or more is known as cladogenesis.
The splitting or diverging of a population into two or more species is known as cladogenesis.
In the field of evolutionary studies, cladogenesis can be described as the branching of an evolutionary tree from an ancestral organism into two or more diverging, distinct species.
Evolutionary studies have shown that, with the passage of time, an ancestor can give rise to two or more than two distinct species. This phenomenon of diversion or splitting of species is referred to as cladogenesis.
The splitting of an ancestor into two distinct species might occur due to various factors such as environmental changes. It might happen that the ancestor species might be present in distinct areas and in order to adapt to the environment, a distinct species might have formed.
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A substance that is insoluble in water and turns sweet in the presence of amylase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages, is most likely?
A substance that is insoluble in water and turns sweet in the presence of amylase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages, is most likely Starch.
What are carbohydrates?Carbohydrates are biological molecules which are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen where the ratio of the hydrogen to oxygen in the molecule 2:1 as in water molecules.
Carbohydrates are classified into three types:
monosaccharides or simple sugars e.g. glucosedisaccharides which are composed of two units of monosaccharides e.g. sucrosepolysaccharides which are composed of many monomers of monosaccharides e.g. starchPolysaccharides such as starch are not sweet. But when in the presence of amylase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages, it breaks than to sweet glucose monomers.
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nuclear envelope forms at each pole
spindle dissolves
chromosomes uncoil
These processes occur during
Responses
Telophase refers to the time when chromosomes uncoil and the nuclear membrane forms at each pole.
What are chromosomes?Chromosomes, which resemble threads, are located in the nucleus of both plant and animal cells. Each chromosome is composed of a protein and a single unit of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The exact instructions that give each type of living thing its uniqueness are encoded in DNA, which is handed down from parents to offspring.
What are the two purposes of chromosomes?DNA, also referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid, coils around histone proteins. Therefore, during cell division, chromosomes aid DNA replication and dispersion. However, in living things, the main jobs of chromosomes are replication and distribution.
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If all the Ca²⁺ in the fluid surrounding a neuron were removed, how would this affect the transmission of information within and between neurons?
The reduced levels of calcium ions will decrease the release of neurotransmitter. This will affect the normal functioning of body.
What is Neurotransmission?
Calcium is a vital element in the process of neurotransmission. They are involved in synaptic activity of the nerves and also transmission of depolarizing signals.
Calcium triggers the synaptic vesicle exocytosis which lead to release of neurotransmitter in the vesicles that initiate nerve transmission.
When the calcium channels are blocked, neurotransmitter release is inhibited. This will hinder the intracellular signal transduction.
Therefore, low level of calcium affect the electrical activity of the brain.
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According to the principle of competitive exclusion, two species cannot continue to occupy the same _____. see concept 54.1 (page)
According to the principle of competitive exclusion, two species cannot continue to occupy the same ecological niche.
The aggressive exclusion principle tells us that species can't have precisely the equal location of interest in habitat and stably coexist. this is due to the fact species with the same niches moreover have the equal needs, this means that that they might compete for precisely same assets.
The competitive exclusion principle states that no species can coexist if they occupy the same niche and compete for the identical belongings. The principle of aggressive exclusion states that once species are competing for same resources one species may be higher suitable to the place of hobby, and the alternative species is probably driven into a few other niche or turn out to be extinct.
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Which of the following is a true statement? a. All mammals have menstrual cycles. b. The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. c. Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles. d. Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles.
The correct statement is the endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles.
What is endometrium?
The tissue that lines the uterus, also known as the womb—the pear-shaped organ that contains a fetus—is known as the endometrium. It may be best known to you as the fluid lost during menstruation.
The endometrium, also known as the uterine lining, varies over the course of the menstrual cycle. When there is a chance of pregnancy, it thickens; if not, it thins and replaces itself. The preexisting lining remains in place to allow the pregnancy to develop if a fertilized egg is implanted.
Endometrial abnormalities can lead to problems like endometriosis, hyperplasia, and malignancy.
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How do the molecules that activate the vertebrate TLR signal transduction pathway differ from the ligands in most other signaling pathways (see Concept 11.2)?
The ligand for the TLR receptor is an outside molecule, whereas the ligand for many signal transduction pathways is an internal molecule made by the organism.
What is a transduction?Transduction is the process by which a virus transfers its genetic material from one bacterium to another. Bacteriophages, a type of virus, can infect bacterial cells and use them as hosts to produce other viruses.
Which two transduction types are there?Transduction comes in two types: generalized and tailored. Bacteriophages can pick up any part of the host's genome during generalized transduction. But with specialized transduction, the bacteriophages only take up particular bits of the host's DNA.
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Identify the theme or themes exemplified by
(b) The development of a multicellular organism from a single fertilized egg
The themes applied for developing a multicellular organisms from a single fertilizer egg is the life process that explains how genetic material is expressed and transmitted to the next Generation.
How are cells created in a multicellular organism?In order to become a multicellular creature, a single cell (the zygote) must evolve into a collection of numerous different cell types arranged into tissues and organs. Cell differentiation, tissue and organ development, body axis construction, and cell division are all aspects of development (gaining a final cell type identity).
DNa is the primary genetic material that is transmitted from parents to offspring in the form of genes. The genes from both parents are mixed during fertilization when the gametes from both parents containing them join each Other and make a zygote.
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most species of bacteria cannot be eaten by humans because the bacteria contain choose one: a. water levels that would stress the kidneys. b. toxic levels of proteins. c. toxic levels of nucleotides. d. toxic phospholipids in their membranes.
Most species of bacteria cannot be eaten by humans because the bacteria contain toxic levels of nucleotides.
Bacteria :Bacteria are widespread, generally free-living creatures that typically consist of a single biological cell. They are a vast group of prokaryotic bacteria. Bacteria, which are typically a few micrometres in length, were one of the first life forms to appear on Earth and are found in the majority of its habitats. Bacteria are categorized into four types based on their shape: bacillus, coccus, vibrio, and spirillum.
What are harmful bacteria called?The bad bacteria are those that cause us harm. They are known as pathogens. These could have come from our surroundings. Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, can be contracted by eating food or drinking water contaminated with the feces of infected persons, or by coming into close touch with an infected person.
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