Which of the following statements about the Union League of America is LEAST accurate?
c. It was originally founded during Reconstruction by black New England soldiers who wanted to expand black rights in the North.

In 2014, there were approximately 15,696 reported murders in the United States, according to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program.

The UCR is a nationwide program that collects and analyzes crime data from participating law enforcement agencies, providing an annual report on various types of crimes. The number of murders can vary depending on factors such as population, socio-economic conditions, and law enforcement efforts. It is important to note that the reported figures may not account for all murders, as some cases may go unreported or be classified differently by various jurisdictions.

To gain a better understanding of murder rates, it is helpful to consider them in relation to the population size. For instance, the UCR also calculates the murder rate per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2014, the murder rate in the United States was approximately 4.5 per 100,000 people.

Overall, analyzing murder rates over time can provide insights into the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies and identify trends or patterns. Law enforcement agencies can use this information to adjust their policies and resource allocations to address specific crime issues more effectively. By examining murder rates and other crime statistics, we can work towards creating safer communities for everyone.

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The debate over public education in Texas goes back to the Constitution of 1876.

The Constitution of 1876 is the current constitution of Texas and provides the framework for the state government. It mandated the creation of a system of free public schools, but it also allowed local communities to decide how to fund and run their schools. The state's rural areas, which were primarily agricultural, opposed any state support for public education. As a result, the state's public school system remained chronically underfunded and of uneven quality, with many schools lacking basic resources.

Since then, debates over public education in Texas have continued, particularly around issues of funding and curriculum.

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North Africa and the Middle East:

The Nile River, perhaps of the longest waterway on the planet, moves through Egypt and is a critical topographical element of the locale.

The Center East is an international district that incorporates nations like Turkey, Iran, and Egypt, and is generally viewed as enveloping the Middle Eastern Landmass, Asia Minor, and the Levant

Kuwait is a nation situated on the Persian Bay, which is a huge waterway in the Center East.

Guides of the Center East and North Africa frequently show the nations of the district, their boundaries, and their significant urban communities and geological elements.

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Longshoremen and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. This act specifically provides benefits for workers who are involved in loading and unloading vessels, as well as those who repair them.

It is important to note that workers' compensation laws may vary by state and industry, so it is always best to consult with a qualified attorney or employer representative to determine coverage and eligibility. This act primarily focuses on providing compensation and benefits to workers engaged in maritime occupations such as longshoremen, harbor workers, and those involved in ship-related activities. Shipbuilding is a separate category and may fall under different regulations and compensation programs.

The intent of the LHWCA is to ensure that workers in maritime industries receive adequate compensation and support in the event of work-related injuries or occupational diseases. It encompasses a broad scope of occupations within the maritime sector, including those involved in shipbuilding, ship repair, and ship-related activities.

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The environmental policy most likely affect a city's economy by: B. By protecting valuable natural resources

Environmental regulations that prioritise preserving natural resources like forests, waterways and animal habitats can benefit the economy. Cities may draw visitors and outdoor enthusiasts by protecting these resources which will boost revenue from tourism-related sectors including hospitality, leisure and ecotourism.

By guaranteeing a steady supply of resources for sectors like forestry, agriculture and fisheries the protection of natural resources may also have long-term economic advantages.

Therefore the correct option is B.

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The black death was initially spread out of Asia by merchants, as well as by other means such as Catholic missionaries, Crusader armies, and livestock and herders.

However, the primary culprit for the spread of the disease was rats and other vermin, which were able to carry fleas infected with the bacteria. These fleas would then bite humans and transmit the disease, leading to its rapid spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world.

The role of rats and other vermin in the spread of the black death cannot be overstated, and is a key factor in understanding the impact of this devastating pandemic.

The Black Death was initially spread out of Asia by merchants, rats and other vermin. These factors contributed to the rapid transmission of the disease across trade routes, leading to widespread devastation in Europe and beyond.

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In the post-classical era, state formations developed through various means such as military conquest, the spread of religion, and the establishment of trade networks.

Many states were formed through the expansion of empires, where conquering armies established control over new territories. In other cases, religious leaders established states through the conversion of people to their religion and the spread of their faith. Trade networks also played a role in the formation of states, as merchant cities grew in wealth and power and began to assert political control over surrounding territories. Additionally, the emergence of feudalism in Europe led to the development of smaller, decentralized states based on loyalty and personal relationships rather than centralized power.

Overall, state formations in the post-classical era were shaped by a variety of factors and often involved a mix of different political, economic, and social forces.

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Most white northerners in the period between 1820 and 1860 held a variety of views on slavery and race.

There was a range of opinions and attitudes among white northerners regarding the institution of slavery and its expansion. Here are some key points:

1. Abolitionist Movement: A significant number of white northerners were part of the abolitionist movement, which sought the immediate and complete end of slavery. Abolitionists viewed slavery as morally wrong and worked towards its abolition through various means, including activism, writing, and supporting the Underground Railroad.

2. Free Soil Movement: Another faction of white northerners were part of the Free Soil movement, which opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories rather than advocating for its immediate abolition. Free Soilers were primarily concerned with preserving the economic opportunities of white laborers and farmers, and they opposed the spread of slavery into the western territories.

3. Indifference or Limited Opposition: Many white northerners held more moderate or indifferent views towards slavery. Some may have been sympathetic to the institution or had economic ties to the Southern slave economy. Others may have simply prioritized other political or economic issues over the slavery debate.

4. Racial Prejudice: It's important to note that even among those who opposed the institution of slavery, racial prejudice and discrimination were still prevalent in northern society. While they objected to slavery, some white northerners held negative stereotypes and discriminatory views towards African Americans.

5. Political Divisions: The issue of slavery created significant political divisions among white northerners. Political parties such as the Democrats, Whigs, and later the Republican Party were divided along sectional lines, with differing views on the expansion of slavery and the rights of African Americans.

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For around 5 decades the national anthem was established in Russia from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale".

The "State Song of praise of the Association of Soviet Communist Republics" was the public hymn of the Soviet Association and the local song of devotion of the Russian Soviet Federative Communist Republic from 1944 to 1991, supplanting "The Internationale". Its unique verses were composed by Sergey Mikhalkov as a team with Gabriyel' Arkadyevich Ureklyan, and its music was formed by Alexander Alexandrov. For a two-decade span following de-Stalinization, the song of praise was performed without verses. In 1977, the second set of lyrics, which did not include Stalin's name but were also written by Mikhalkov, were used.

Alexander Alexandrov originally wrote the music for the anthem in 1938 for the Hymn of the Bolshevik Party. The song's opening bars were taken from one of Alexandrov's earlier works, "Life has become better," which was based on a quote from former Soviet Union General Secretary Joseph Stalin delivered at the First All-Union Meeting of the Stakhanovites on November 17, 1935.[2] The song makes reference to Stalin's cult of personality.

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General Zachary Taylor, living in Louisiana, was a slave owner. General Zachary Taylor is also known for his military leadership and presidency.

General Zachary Taylor was a renowned military leader who served as the 12th President of the United States from 1849 until his untimely death in 1850. Prior to his presidency, Taylor had a long and distinguished military career, rising through the ranks to become a major general and leading U.S. forces to victory in several key battles.

While it is not clear whether Taylor was a corn farmer, factory owner, or shipping magnate, it is known that he was heavily involved in the cotton industry. Cotton was a major cash crop in the South during Taylor's time, and many plantation owners like him relied on its production for their wealth and livelihood.

Overall, while General Zachary Taylor is primarily known for his military leadership and presidency, his life in Louisiana as a plantation owner and likely slave owner sheds light on the complex and often troubling history of the American South during the 19th century.

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The Louis Horst, Erick Hawkins, Isamu Noguchi, and Ron Protas contribute to her development as a dancer/creator by accompanist, composer, and music director for Martha Graham.

Martha Graham, persuasive American artist, instructor, and choreographer of current dance whose ballet productions and different works were planned to "uncover the internal man." She created more than 180 works over the course of more than 50 years, ranging from solos to large-scale works, the majority of which she danced in herself. As a vehicle for the ferocious and forceful expression of primal emotions, she gave modern dance new depth.

For Martha Graham, the dance, similar to the expressed show, can investigate the profound and close to home substance of people. As a result, the choreography of Frontier represented the frontier woman's accomplishment of mastering a new territory. The entire dance-drama of Night Journey (1948), a play about the Greek mythological figure Jocasta, takes place when Jocasta learns that she has mated with Oedipus, her own son, and given birth to children. The tragic victim is Jocasta, not Oedipus, and the play depicts her reliving her life and seeking justification for her actions. In a 1940 letter to the world, In this work about Emily Dickinson (also known as The Kick), several characters are used to show different aspects of the poet's personality.

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Shays' Rebellion was caused by economic hardship and dissatisfaction among Massachusetts farmers following the American Revolutionary War. The main factor was the heavy debt burden farmers faced, combined with high taxes and the lack of a stable currency.

This led to foreclosures and seizures of property, as well as the imprisonment of debtors. In response, Daniel Shays, a former Revolutionary War captain, organized a rebellion against the Massachusetts government in 1786-1787.

One of the significant effects of Shays' Rebellion was the realization that the Articles of Confederation were insufficient in maintaining law and order. The rebellion exposed the weaknesses of the national government, which lacked the power to raise funds or maintain a standing army to suppress the uprising.

This event helped to catalyze the push for a stronger central government, eventually leading to the drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787. The Constitution aimed to address the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation and establish a more robust federal government capable of maintaining stability and order.

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God's covenant with Abraham is recorded in the book of Genesis. God promised Abraham that he would make him the father of a great nation, that he would bless him and his descendants, and that they would inherit the land of Canaan.

The sign of this covenant was circumcision - God commanded Abraham and all the males in his household to be circumcised as a physical reminder of their covenant with God. This sign was a symbol of the covenant between God and Abraham, indicating that Abraham and his descendants were set apart as God's chosen people. So from here we can infer god's covenant with Abraham including its sign.

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The statement that best summarizes the primary goal of NATO is: to unite Western Europe in response to the threat of Communist aggression.

NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was established in 1949 as a collective defense alliance among North American and European countries.

Its primary goal was to create a unified defense against the perceived threat of Soviet expansion and Communist aggression during the Cold War.

NATO aimed to promote mutual defense and security among its member countries, particularly in Western Europe, by coordinating military efforts, sharing intelligence, and providing a deterrent against potential aggression from the Soviet Union and its allies.

The alliance sought to strengthen the collective security of its member states and deter any potential military actions from the Eastern Bloc.

While NATO has evolved and expanded its focus beyond its original Cold War objectives, its initial purpose was to unite Western Europe in the face of the perceived threat of Communist aggression and promote stability and security in the region.

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The primary goal of NATO is to unite Western Europe in response to the threat of Communist aggression.

NATO was established in 1949 in response to the Soviet Union's expansionist policies and the fear of Communist oppression spreading to Western Europe. Its primary purpose was to provide a collective defense against any potential aggression from the Soviet Union and its allies.

While NATO has evolved over the years to include other goals, such as promoting democratic values and stability in the Euro-Atlantic area, its core objective remains the same - to ensure the security and defense of its member states against external threats.

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The option that is a duty of the executive branch in Washington is:

D. Looking over public schools, state education standards, and school funding.

The executive branch of the government is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws and policies. In the context of Washington state, the executive branch, led by the governor, has the duty to oversee various aspects of public administration, including education. This includes reviewing public schools, state education standards, and school funding to ensure the effective functioning of the education system.

The executive branch in Washington, like in other states, plays a significant role in setting education policies, allocating resources, and overseeing the administration of public schools.

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The Lindy Hop dance style was not specifically named by a single individual.

The Lindy Hop, a lively and energetic swing dance style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, is credited to several influential dancers and musicians of the time. However, it is widely accepted that the dance was not specifically named by a single individual.

The Lindy Hop drew its influences from various dance styles, including the Charleston, tap dance, and breakaway, and evolved in the vibrant African American communities of Harlem, New York City.  Its origins can be traced back to dancers who were instrumental in shaping and popularizing the dance.

The name "Lindy Hop" itself has an interesting origin. It is believed to have been coined during the height of the dance's popularity in the late 1920s or early 1930s. The term "Lindy" was derived from Charles Lindbergh, an American aviator who completed the first solo transatlantic flight in 1927. Lindbergh's flight captured the public's attention and inspired widespread media coverage, making him a prominent figure of the time.

As Lindbergh became a cultural icon, the Lindy Hop dance style gained popularity. The name "Lindy Hop" is thought to have been chosen as a playful reference to Lindbergh's fame and the dance's joyful and exuberant nature.

While no single individual can be credited with officially naming the Lindy Hop, its development and rise to prominence can be attributed to the collective efforts of the talented dancers, musicians, and community members who embraced and championed the style during the vibrant swing era.

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Frederick Douglass become disillusioned with the AASS as the AASS refused to turn toward violence, which he began to advocate as a fugitive slave. The correct answer is A)

Frederick Douglass became disillusioned with the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) primarily because of its refusal to adopt more radical and militant approaches in the fight against slavery. As Douglass became more involved in the abolitionist movement and gained firsthand experience of the horrors of slavery as a former slave himself, he began to advocate for more aggressive tactics, including armed resistance and self-defense.

However, the AASS adhered to non-violent means of abolition and focused on moral persuasion, education, and political activism. They believed in the power of moral suasion and sought to change public opinion through non-violent means. This divergence in approaches led to a growing rift between Douglass and the AASS.

Douglass felt frustrated by what he perceived as a lack of urgency and a failure to confront the violent and oppressive nature of slavery directly. He believed that non-violence alone would not be sufficient to bring about the immediate emancipation of enslaved individuals. Douglass increasingly expressed his views on the need for armed resistance and self-defense to protect against slaveholders and the institution of slavery itself.

Ultimately, Douglass broke away from the AASS and pursued his own path, advocating for abolition through various means, including his powerful speeches, writings, and his involvement in the political sphere. He continued to be a prominent and influential figure in the fight against slavery and the broader struggle for civil rights and equality.

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The American Philosophical Society in its modest beginnings was called: the Junto. so the correct option is a.

The Junto was a club founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1727 for the purpose of mutual improvement and discussion of various topics. Later on, it evolved into the American Philosophical Society.

The American Philosophical Society was founded in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin and a group of fellow intellectuals in Philadelphia. It was initially called the Junto but later changed its name to the American Philosophical Society in 1769.

The Society is dedicated to promoting knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, publications, and community outreach. It is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States.  so the correct option is a.

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Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, "discovered" new lands during his voyages in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. He gave the lands he discovered to the country of Spain, as he was commissioned by the Spanish monarchy, specifically by King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. This partnership led to Spain becoming a dominant power during the Age of Exploration, and Columbus' discoveries significantly impacted world history.

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who is credited with the discovery of the New World in 1492. However, the land he "discovered" was already inhabited by indigenous peoples, so it cannot be said that he gave it to any particular country. Columbus claimed the land for the Spanish Crown, and Spain began colonizing and exploiting the land and its resources. This led to a devastating impact on the native populations and their cultures. Columbus himself made four voyages to the New World, exploring and charting many areas of the Caribbean and Central and South America. In summary, Columbus did not give the land he discovered to any particular country.
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The task labor system originated from the practice of assigning tasks to enslaved people on plantations in the American South.

Under this system, enslaved individuals were given a specific amount of work to complete within a designated timeframe, after which they were allowed to tend to their own personal needs and pursuits.

This system was used primarily in the cultivation of crops such as tobacco, cotton, and sugar, and was intended to maximize productivity and minimize costs for plantation owners.

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According to our text, very few scientists disagree with Disagreement among scientists is one of the weaknesses of science.

A controlled, repeatable and/or carefully proven statement. A descriptive generalization approximately how a few factor of the herbal global behaves below said circumstances. It includes making observations at the phenomenon being studied, suggesting factors for the observations, and checking out those feasible factors, additionally referred to as hypotheses, through making new observations. A speculation is a scientist's proposed rationalization of a phenomenon which nonetheless should be tested. Most of the GMO vegetation grown nowadays had been evolved to assist farmers save you crop and meals loss and manipulate weeds.

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Complete question-

According to your text, very few scientists disagree with _______.

W.E.B. Du Bois was an African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist who lived from 1868 to 1963. He is best known for his leadership in the Niagara Movement, which sought to promote equal rights for African Americans. Du Bois believed that education and political activism were the keys to achieving equality for African Americans.

Du Bois disagreed with Booker T. Washington's approach to achieving equality. Washington believed that African Americans should focus on vocational training and economic self-sufficiency rather than political and social equality. Du Bois believed that Washington's approach would perpetuate racial inequality and that African Americans should demand full and equal rights as citizens.

Du Bois also advocated for the importance of education in achieving equality. He believed that education was the key to unlocking economic and social opportunities for African Americans. Du Bois founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 to promote equal rights and challenge racial discrimination.

In summary, W.E.B. Du Bois was a prominent civil rights leader who advocated for political activism and education as the means to achieve equality for African Americans. He disagreed with Booker T. Washington's approach and believed that African Americans should demand full and equal rights as citizens.

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The information above describes the elements that led to the downfall of communism in the Soviet Union country. Thus, option (c) is correct.

Mikhail Gorbachev's reforming measures in the Soviet Union spurred anti-Communist movements across the Soviet bloc countries. Demonstrations became increasingly common, and governments were pushed to embrace liberalization measures.

The Soviet Union's fast collapsing post-World War II economy, weakening military, and fiscal mismanagement left it extremely exposed to external events such as the March 1986 oil price collapse, which had a substantial impact on the Soviet economy.

As a result, the significance of the elements that led to the downfall of communism in which country are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (c) is correct.

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The given statement "According to Isidore of Beja's Chronicle, the statement that Muslim Aquitaine that the numbers of slain were known only to God" is true because in the Chronicle, Isidore of Beja, a Christian monk, documented the history of the Muslim conquests in the Iberian Peninsula (option a).

The specific event in question refers to the Battle of Toulouse in 721 AD, where the Muslim forces led by emir Abderrahman faced Duke Eudes of Aquitaine and his Frankish army. During this battle, the Muslim forces were indeed victorious, and according to the Chronicle, inflicted heavy casualties on the Frankish side. Isidore of Beja used the phrase "numbers of slain were known only to God" to emphasize the large scale of the conflict and the severe losses suffered by the Franks.

However, it is important to note that the Chronicle was written from a Christian perspective, and its accuracy in representing the exact details of the battle may be influenced by the author's own views and intentions. Nevertheless, the statement in question remains true as per the information provided in the Chronicle. The correct option is a.

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The contribution of the Islamic Golden Age that is shown above is the use of paper instead of parchment. Thus, option (c) is correct.

The Islamic Golden Age was an era in the Middle East and Eurasia during which Muslims extended world knowledge by inventing various inventions in fields ranging from math to science and even religion.

The Islamic Golden Age enabled numerous things, the most important of which was that the spoken words of the Prophets could be conveyed to different regions of the world where Muslims travelled.

As a result, the significance of the Islamic Golden Age are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (c) is correct.

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There were several factors that contributed to the profitability of cattle ranching in the late 1800s. One major factor was the increasing demand for beef in the growing cities of the United States. The expansion of railroads made it easier to transport cattle from the ranches to the markets, allowing ranchers to sell their cattle at higher prices.

Additionally, the availability of open-range land, often obtained through government policies such as the Homestead Act, allowed ranchers to graze their cattle for free or at a low cost. This allowed them to keep their expenses low and increase their profits. Finally, advancements in technology, such as barbed wire fencing and better breeding practices, allowed ranchers to manage their herds more efficiently and increase their productivity. Overall, these factors helped make cattle ranching a highly profitable industry in the late 1800s.

Overall, the combination of high demand for beef, cheap grazing land, and advances in technology and transportation made cattle ranching a profitable industry in the late 1800s. However, the boom in the industry led to overgrazing, depletion of natural resources, and conflicts with Native American tribes who had been using the land for centuries.

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A) The Mexican government was worried about the encroaching westward expansion of the United States, a mainly Protestant nation, and therefore wanted the new province to be as Catholic as the rest of Mexico.

Religion was an important component of the settlement contract for Texas, as the Mexican government was concerned about the religious makeup of the settlers. At the time, the United States was a predominantly Protestant nation, and the Mexican government wanted to ensure that the new province of Texas remained primarily Catholic. To that end, the contract required settlers to be Catholic and to swear allegiance to Mexico.

This was an attempt to prevent the Protestant settlers from bringing their culture and beliefs into Texas, which was then part of Mexico.

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Viewed as the greatest Byzantine emperor  :Spartacus,Leader of a slave revolt :Empress Theodora ,Legal scholar who worked to create a new code of laws : Justinian I  , Germanic leader who became the first king of Italy:Odoacer  

The Byzantine emperor viewed as the greatest is often considered to be Justinian I. His reign, which lasted from 527 to 565 AD, marked a period of significant achievements and reforms. Justinian is renowned for his efforts to restore the territorial integrity of the Roman Empire, including the reconquest of former Western Roman territories such as Italy and North Africa. He also initiated important legal and architectural reforms, with the most notable being the codification of Roman law in the Corpus Juris Civilis, a comprehensive legal code that influenced legal systems for centuries to come.

Spartacus was a prominent leader of a slave revolt known as the Third Servile War in ancient Rome. Born as a slave, he escaped and became a gladiator. Spartacus led a large army of escaped slaves and fought against Roman forces for several years, from 73 to 71 BC. Although the rebellion was ultimately crushed by the Romans, Spartacus and his revolt have come to symbolize the struggle for freedom and the fight against oppression.

Empress Theodora, wife of Emperor Justinian I, played a crucial role in advocating for the rights of Byzantine women. She used her position of influence to promote legislation that protected women from exploitation, encouraged women's education, and granted them more legal rights, including the right to own property and have greater control over their own affairs. Theodora's advocacy helped improve the social status and rights of women in Byzantine society.

The legal scholar who worked to create a new code of laws is also Justinian I. He initiated a comprehensive legal reform project, resulting in the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law), commonly referred to as the Justinian Code. This monumental work compiled and organized existing Roman laws, legal principles, and jurisprudence. It had a lasting impact on the development of legal systems in Europe and influenced subsequent legal codes and practices.

The Germanic leader who became the first king of Italy was Odoacer. He was a chieftain of the Germanic tribe called the Scirii and played a significant role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire. In 476 AD, Odoacer deposed the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus, and assumed control of Italy. He then established his own kingdom, known as the Kingdom of Italy or the Odoacer's Kingdom, which marked the end of the Western Roman Empire and the beginning of the Early Middle Ages in Italy.

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Once begun, the War of 1812 was supported strongly by many Americans who saw it as an opportunity to assert their national identity and defend their sovereignty against British aggression.

Despite initial opposition from some quarters, particularly in New England, the war effort gained momentum as American victories on land and sea boosted morale and patriotic fervor. Many Americans also rallied behind the war effort in response to British attacks on American ships and sailors, as well as the perception that British policy towards the United States was insulting and unjust.

Ultimately, the War of 1812 helped to solidify American independence and establish the United States as a major world power.

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Georgia politician Alexander Stephens supported the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, both of which were attempts at finding a middle ground on the issue of slavery.

However, he is most famously known for his support of secession. As the Vice President of the Confederate States of America, Stephens played a prominent role in advocating for the secession of southern states from the Union, which ultimately led to the American Civil War.

Therefore, the exception in this case would be Stephens not supporting slavery. In fact, Stephens was a staunch defender of slavery and believed it to be a cornerstone of the southern way of life.

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