Answer:
formatting or editing because that is where you can change how something is placed or appears in the document.
On January 1 of Year 1, Congo Express Airways issued $3,240,000 of 8% bonds that pay interest semiannually on January 1 and July 1. The bond issue price is $2,980,000 and the market rate of interest for similar bonds is 9%. The bond premium or discount is being amortized at a rate of $8,667 every six months. After accruing interest at year end, the company's December 31, Year 1 balance sheet should reflect total liabilities associated with the bond issue in the amount of:
a.$3,482,666.
b.$2,867,734.
c.$3,126,934.
d.$2,997,334.
e.$3,612,266.
Answer:
d.$2,997,334.
Explanation:
bond's carrying value = bond's issue price + (amortized discount x 2) = $2,980,000 + ($8,667 x 2) = $2,980,000 + $17,334 = $2,997,334
the journal entry when the bonds were issued:
January 1, 202x, bonds issued at a discount
Dr Cash 2,980,000
Dr Discount on bonds payable 260,000
Cr Bonds payable 3,240,000
Discount on bonds playable is a contra liability account that decreases the carrying value of bonds payable. As discount is amortized, the carrying value of bonds payable increases
Johnson Company has current year accounts payable of $25,000 and cost of goods sold of $100,000. Compute Johnson Company’s days’ payable outstanding.
Answer:
the days payable outstanding is 91.25 days
Explanation:
The computation of the days payable outstanding is shown below:
Days' payable outstanding is
= (Accounts Payable ÷ Cost of goods sold) × total number of days in a year
= ($25,000 ÷ $100,00) × 365 days
= 91.25 days
We simply applied the above formula so that the correct value could come
And, the same is to be considered
Hence, the days payable outstanding is 91.25 days
Four years ago your firm issued a $1,000 par bond with a 4% semi-annual coupon and 20 years to maturity. The bond is now priced at $860. What is the current yield to maturity of the bond?
Answer:
the current yield to maturity of the bond is 5.31%
Explanation:
The computation of the yield to maturity is shown below:
Given that
Future value = $1,000
Present value = $860
NPER = (20 - 4) × 2 = 16
PMT = $1,000 × 4% ÷ 2 = $20
The formula is shown below:
= RATE(NPER;PMT;-PV;FV;TYPE)
The present values comes in negative
After applying the above formula, the yield to maturity is
= 2.6548% × 2
= 5.31%
Hence, the current yield to maturity of the bond is 5.31%
Hindelang Inc. is considering a project that has the following cash flow and WACC data. What is the project's MIRR?
WACC: 12.25%
Cash flows -
Year 0: - $850
Year 1: $300
Year 2: $320
Year 3: $340
Year 4: $360
Answer:
MIRR = 17%
Explanation:
The computation of the MIRR of a project is shown below:
Year Cash flows ( in $)
0 -850
1 300
2 320
3 340
4 360
WACC 12.25%
MIRR 17%
We simply applied the MIRR over the excel
We simply applied the attached formula so that the correct percentage could come
And, the same is to be considered
Use the graph to answer the following:
As the supply shifts from $1 to S2, what can be inferred about the quantity demanded?
es =)
A)
The quantity demanded will increase.
B)
The quantity demanded will decrease.
0)
The quantity demanded will not be affected.
D)
The quantity demanded can not be determined.
Answer: I assume C
Explanation: Supply curve is the supplier’s willingness and ability to supply whereas demand is to do with consumers. So a change in supply affects the supplier not the consumer, so really Quantity supplied should change, not quantity demanded.
Mary's Baskets Company expects to manufacture and sell 30,000 baskets in 2019 for $5 each. There are 4,000 baskets in beginning finished goods inventory with target ending inventory of 9.000 baskets. The company keeps no work-in- process inventory. What amount of sales revenue will be reported on the 2019 budgeted income statement? A) $175,000 B) $150,000 C) $125,000 D) $55,000
Answer:
C $125,000
Explanation:
With regards to the above information, we know that the beginning and ending target inventory is the same, hence the units sold by Mary's baskets will remain at 30,000.
Sales in unit = Opening inventory in units + Production - Closing inventory
Sales in unit = 4,000 + 30,000 - 9,000
Sales in unit = 25,000
We do know that revenue is a function of sales multiplied by the selling price, which is given as $5 each.
Sales revenue = Sales in unit × Selling price
Sales revenue = 25,000 × $5
Sales revenue = $125,000
Therefore, the amount of sale revenue that would be reported on the 2019 budget income statement is $125,000
When evaluating an investment, the MNC should consider the ____________ cash flows generated by the project.
a. total
b. variable
c. incremental
d. fixed
Answer: c. Incremental
Explanation:
Simply put incremental cashflow is the additional cashflow that accrues to a company when it takes on a new project. The Multinational company should therefore consider this when they are accepting a project.
If the new project has a positive incremental cashflow, it will add to the cashflows of the company and so should be initiated as opposed to those with negative incremental cashflows.
The S&P 500 stock index is at 1300. The annualized interest rate is 4.0 percent, and the annualized dividend is 2 percent. You are currently considering purchasing a two-month futures contract for your portfolio Refer to Exhibit 15.12. Calculate the current price of the futures contract.
Answer: $1,304.30
Explanation:
Current price can be calculated by the formula:
= 1,300 * ( 1 + (4% - 2%)) ^ 2/12 months
= 1,300 * 1.0033058903246372019414946658385
= $1,304.29
= $1,304.30
please help its due in 2 hours time will give all my points
"Explain how the development of money over time has helped to improve the way in which monetary transactions are conducted" 6 MARK QUESTION
Explanation:
First money ever made was just coins and it differed in worth compared to today. In the present, money is not only a physical object but it also an imaginary value on our bank accounts and cards. Having in mind that monetary transactions are all-in-all deposits, withdrawals and exchanges, its way easier to conduct those with not having to give and recieve money in physical form, but being, able to do it all while just transfering the numbers from one to another account. Bankers have less responsibility due to not having to stock all the money in safes and secure boxes, but just checking if all the numbers are adding up. So, shall we say, the development of money over time has improved the way in which monetary transactions are conducted because this way, it's safer, faster and much more trustworthy.
Match the word to the correct definition. 1. alignment the horizontal placement of text on the page 2. shortcut a special combination of keys that tells the computer to perform a command 3. columns using your mouse to drag across text; this causes the text and background to change color and become selected 4. highlight vertical sections of text separated by blank space
Answer:
1432 is the order
Explanation:
hope this helps
Answer: 1432 is the order.
Hope this helps you! :^}
Mary Cooper just purchased 120 shares in the All-American Fidelity Fund. The purchase cost for each share was $30. If this fund charges a 4 percent load, what is the total amount of commission she will pay the investment company?
Answer: $144
Explanation:
First calculate how much she spent to buy the shares;
= 120 * 30
= $3,600
The fund charges a 4% load so the total compensation paid is;
= 3,600 * 4%
= $144
Describe the administrative, bureaucratic, and/or cultural developments that aided the Chinese and Romans in building their respective empires.
Answer:
The description is summarized throughout the clarification section below, as per the particular circumstance.
Explanation:
Rome seems to have been a moderate monarchy, a country of the landowner, some 4 generations before the actual establishment of the empire. China would not have been a single state body, but a group of tiny ruling monarchs dominated by decorated bronze-age gentry. Unquestionably, underneath a constitutional monarchy, the 2 empires have a domain. Throughout size, the Roman, as well as Chinese civilizations, appeared close. Every, therefore, ruled over around a fifth of the population including its Planet. All but one of the mountain ranges was marginally more than a quarter the same as the U.S. Until bowing down to identical fates, everybody survived up to five generations. Part of each empire, the much more substantial half including its center of the country, collapsed to cave dwellers further than the northeastern part.As when the Romans did, the Chinese built a hierarchy to keep the empire intact. Chinese characters interpreted concepts or words via sounds which are not easily accessible to several other countries or words, yet all politically aware persons should understand written Chinese. As something of a method of elite multiculturalism, Latin worked. Buddhism originated throughout India and had been founded throughout China among Central Asian merchants.The collective presence of Greece as well as Rome's ritual worship from either the East was further geographically divided by the Romans. The inhabitants of the Roman Empire retained more distinct ethnic cultures than the one in China. Those administrations remained split politically between provincial elites as well as the government to have stability.Which of the following was the first nation to prosper due to the use of power equipment vice (might be via) hand tools?
A. France
B. Great Britain
C. United States
Answer:
B). Great Britain
Explanation:
The first nation expanded due to the use of hand tools and power equipment was Great Britain. Its industries of handtools played a great role in flourishing the trade industries of Britain and gave a new significance to agricultural raw materials and craftsmen. The Great Britain's idea also gained from its rule of India as the Indian products suddenly raised demand in the market which compelled the state to bring a handmade craft revolution. Thus, option B is the correct answer.
Stenson, Inc., imposes a payback cutoff of three years for its international investment projects. Assume the company has the following two projects available. Year Cash Flow A Cash Flow B 0 –$ 64,000 –$ 109,000 1 26,500 28,500 2 34,400 33,500 3 28,500 25,500 4 14,500 231,000 What is the payback period for each project?
Answer:
Stenson, Inc.
The payback period for each project is:
Project A = 3 years
Project B = 4 years
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Year Cash Flow A Cash Flow B
0 –$ 64,000 –$ 109,000
1 26,500 28,500
2 34,400 33,500
3 28,500 25,500
4 14,500 231,000
Total inflow $103,900 $318,500
b) The payback period is the time when the cash outflow is recouped. For project A, the payback period occurs in year 3. For project B, the payback period occurs in year 4. Based on the company's cutoff of three years, Project B may not be accepted even with its large cash inflow in year 4. Therefore, the best decision will be to discount the cash inflows with a suitable rate of interest. This will help Stenson, Inc. to decide between accepting Project A or Project B.
As a vice president of a financial services company, you serve many clients, and they sometimes ask your company to contribute to their favorite charities. You recently received a letter from Elliana Larios asking for a substantial contribution to the National Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Association. On visits to your office, she has told you about its programs to recruit, train, and support volunteers in their work with abused children. She herself is active in your town as a CASA volunteer, helping neglected children find safe, permanent homes. She told you that children with CASA volunteers are more likely to be adopted and are less likely to reenter the child welfare system.
You have a soft spot in your heart for children and especially for those who are mistreated. You sincerely want to support CASA and its good work. But times are tough, and you can't be as generous as you have been in the past. Ms. Larios wrote a special letter to you asking you to become a Key contributor, with a pledge of $2,000
Your Task Write a refusal letter that maintains good relations with your client. Address it to Ms. Elliana Larios, 8569 East 39th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85730.
As a vice president of a financial services company, you serve many clients, and they sometimes ask your company to contribute to their favorite charities. You recently received a letter from Elliana Larios asking for a substantial contribution to the National Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Association. On visits to your office, she has told you about its programs to recruit, train, and support volunteers in their work with abused children. She herself is active in your town as a CASA volunteer, helping neglected children find safe, permanent homes. She told you that children with CASA volunteers are more likely to be adopted and are less likely to reenter the child welfare system.
You have a soft spot in your heart for children and especially for those who are mistreated. You sincerely want to support CASA and its good work. But times are tough, and you can't be as generous as you have been in the past. Ms. Larios wrote a special letter to you asking you to become a Key contributor, with a pledge of $2,000
Your Task Write a refusal letter that maintains good relations with your client. Address it to Ms. Elliana Larios, 8569 East 39th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85730.
Deal or No Deal. You are a contestant with 5 suitcases left: $1 $30,000 $100,000 $300,000 $750,000 The bank offers you $250,000 to walk away from the game. Based on EXPECTED VALUE, explain whether or not you choose the deal.
Answer:
Deal
Explanation:
Amount of cash left in the 5 Suitcase = $1 , $30000, $100000, $300000, $750000
The probability of selecting each bad is equal and it is 1/5
Thus, the expected value of prize = 0.2(1+30000+100000+300000+750000)
= 0.2 * 1180001
= $236,000.2 0
Since the bank is offering amount of $250,000 which is greater than the expected value, then it is considered as a deal.
Samuelson's has a debt–equity ratio of 43 percent, sales of $10,000, net income of $1,700, and total debt of $8,700. What is the return on equity?
Answer:
8.40%
Explanation:
Calculation for the return on equity
First step is to calculate the equity using this formula
Equity=Total debt/Debt–equity ratio
Let plug in the formula
Equity=$8,700/43%
Equity=$20,233
Last step is to calculate the return on equity
Using this formula
Return on Equity=Net income/Equity
Let plug in the formula
Return on Equity=$1,700/$20,233
Return on Equity=8.40%
Therefore the return on equity will be 8.40%
YCD, Inc., has sales of $5,783, total assets of $2,604, and a debt-equity ratio of 0.75. If its return on equity is 11 percent, what is its net income?
Answer:Net income=$164
Explanation:
Equity multiplier = 1 + Debt-equity ratio
Equity multiplier = 1 + 0.75
Equity multiplier = 1.75
And the total asset turnover is:
Total asset turnover = Sales / Total assets
Total asset turnover = $5,783 / $2,604
Total asset turnover = 2.22 times
ROE = (Profit margin)(Total asset turnover)(Equity multiplier)
0.11 = (Profit margin)(2.22)(1.75)
Profit margin = 0.14/3.885 =0.0283
Rearranging we can find the net income as
Profit margin = Net income / Sales
Net income = profit margin x Sales
Net income =0.0283 x $5,783,= $163.6589 = $164
1. How much would you pay for a share of stock paying a dividend(cash payout C) of $4 to be paid in one year, a known selling price in one year (P) of $50, and expected return (R) of similar assets of 2%?2. Compute the price of a share of stock that pays a$1.50 per year dividend and that you expect to be able to sell in one year for $20, assuming you require a 10% return.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
a. The willing to pay is
= (Current year price) ÷ (1 + rate) + (current year dividend) ÷ (1 + rate)\
= ($50) ÷ (1 + 0.02) + ($4) ÷ (1 + 0.02)
= $52.94
b. The price of a share is
= (Current year price) ÷ (1 + rate) + (current year dividend) ÷ (1 + rate)\
= ($20) ÷ (1 + 0.10) + ($1.50) ÷ (1 + 0.10)
= $19.55
We simply applied the above formula so that the correct value could come
And, the same is to be considered
The charter of a corporation provides for the issuance of 100,000 shares of common stock. Assume that 60,000 shares were originally issued and 10,000 were subsequently reacquired. What is the amount of cash dividends to be paid if a $2-per-share dividend is declared?a) $60,000.b) $5,000.c) $100,000.d) $55,000.
Answer:
c) $100,000
Explanation:
Number of shares originally issued 60,000
Less: Number of shares reacquired (10,000)
Outstanding number of shares 50,000
Dividends per share declared $2
Total dividends declares $100,000 (50,000 shares * $2)
A US Multi National Corporation has a contract for a relatively predictable long-term inflow of Japanese yen. The firm decides to hedge the yen exposure by finding a supplier in Japan and paying for these imports in yen. This hedging strategy is known as ________.
Answer: a natural hedge
Explanation:
Natural hedge is simply a strategy that is used by a company in order to reduce risk and this is done through the investment in the assets that their performance is not positively correlated.
Such companies typically makes revenue in the currency of another country. Since the firm decides to hedge the yen exposure by finding a supplier in Japan and paying for these imports in yen, this hedging strategy is known as natural hedge.
Dartmouth Assessment Centre screens and trains employees for a computer assembly firm in Halifax. The progress of all trainees is tracked and those not showing the proper progress are moved to less demanding programs. By the tenth repetition, trainees must be able to complete the assembly task in 1 hour or less. Torri Olson-Alves has just spent 5 hours on the fourth unit and 4 hours completing her eighth unit, while another trainee, Julie Burgmeier, took 4 hours on the third and 3 hours on the sixth unit. Should you encourage either or both of the trainees to continue? Why?
Answer:
Discourage Torri from continuing. Encourage Julie to continue.
Explanation:
The progress of all trainees is tracked. Those not showing good progress are moved to less demanding programs. This means that there is hope of still doing/getting a job, if they don't pass this test.
REQUIREMENT: By the 10th time doing the test, trainees must be able to complete the task in a maximum of 1 hour.
1st Trainee: Torri Olson-Alves
5 hours on Unit 4; 4 hours on Unit 8
Should Torri be encouraged to continue? NO.
There are 10 units or repetitions in all. If Torri spends 5 hours on Unit 4 and spends 4 hours on Unit 8, then Torri is slow or isn't making much progress. After 4 repetitions, her marginal product only increased by an hour. She most likely won't make it to 1 hour by the 10th repetition.
2nd Trainee: Julie Burgmeier
4 hours on Unit 3; 3 hours on Unit 6
Should Julie be encouraged to continue? YES.
Julie makes a progress of 1 hour after 3 repetitions. We can predict that after another 3 repetitions (on Unit 9) progress would be made again and by Unit 10, she would have met the required benchmark.
Omni Consumer Products (OCP) has equity with a market value of $900 million and debt with a value of $600 million. If OCP’s cost of equity is 18% and its weighted average cost of capital is 13%, what is OCP’s cost of debt? Assume no taxes.
a. 5.5%
b. 8.0%
c. 11.5%
d. 16.3%
e. 23.8%
Answer:
a. 5.5%
Explanation:
The computation of the cost of debt is shown below:
The Total market value is
= $900 + $600
= $1,500
Now
WACC = Cost of equity × Equity market value ÷ Total market value + Cost of debt × Market value of debt ÷ Total market value
13% = 18% × $900 ÷ $1,500 + Cost of debt × $600 ÷ $1,500
13% = 10.80% + Cost of debt × 0.4
Cost of debt = (13% - 10.80%) ÷ 0.4
= 5.5%
Hence, the cost of debt is 5.5%
Therefore the correct option is a.
Consider a 10-year corporate bond issued by a BB-rated firm and a 10-year municipal bond issued by a BBB-rated municipality. Which would you expect to have a higher yield-to-maturity?
a. BB-rated corporate bond
b. BBB-rated municipal bond
Answer:
I'd say a BBB bond is better
The BBB-rated municipal bond will have a higher yield-to-maturity. The appropriate response is BBB-rated municipal bond .
What is BBB-rated municipal bond ?BBB-rated bonds are regarded as medium-grade debt. They are neither poorly secured nor well protected. Interest payments and principal security seem sufficient at this time, but some protective components may not exist or may prove unreliable in the future.
For less hazardous bonds, investment grade ratings are typically BBB- or higher; ratings below BBB- are non-investment grade ratings (for riskier bonds). Non-investment grade may be substituted with the terms "speculative" or "high yield".
When capital preservation is the main goal, bonds rated "BBB," "Baa," or better are typically thought of as appropriate investments. Many municipal bonds are backed by insurance plans that ensure repayment in the case of default to allay investor concerns.
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A trustworthy friend asks to borrow money from you today. She promises to pay you exactly $3750 in 3 years, and she insists on your earning the same interest rate on your loan to her as you would have earned keeping your money in your savings account that earns 2%. How much can you lend her today?
Answer:
$3,533.71
Explanation:
Amount to be lent today = Future value/(1+Interest rate)^Number of years
Amount to be lent today = 3750/(1.02)^3
Amount to be lent today = 3750/1.061208
Amount to be lent today = $3,533.71
Hence, amount to be lent today = $3,533.71
True or false? Managers generally face lesser uncertainty when many contextual forces impact an
industry and when these same forces are constantly changing.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Managers encounter more "uncertainty when many contextual forces impact their industry and when these same forces are constantly changing" or evolving, from one period to the next. The uncertainties should be embraced as a part of doing business. The uncertainties underpin the risks that every business entity faces and the associated returns (losses) or rewards are based on the risk management efforts of managers.
When agent Tom meets with his sellers to explain his advertising plan, he should make sure the owners understand that:__________.a) Advertising a similar property can and does create interest in their property.b) He can’t afford to continue advertising if the ads he places fail to generate interest.c) There are only so many advertising dollars to go around.d) Most of the advertising budget is earmarked for low-priced homes.
Answer:
Advertising a similar property can and does create interest in their property
Explanation:
In real estate agents need to effectively market properties in order to sell to consumers.
One way of doing this is by creating awareness in a given market about a particular property type.
When interest in a type of property is created it generates interest that will lead to more sales.
In the given scenario when Tom meets with his sellers to explain his advertising plan, he should make sure the owners understand that to capture a market they need to advertise even products that are similar.
As interest grows it will create a demand for that type of property
The correct option is a.
The following information should be considered:
For selling a property to consumers it should be effectively marketed.This can be done by providing a detailed information related to the property.This will increase the interest of the consumer and will lead to increase in sales. So, When agent Tom meets with his sellers to explain his advertising plan, he would make sure that the owners understand that to increase the sales we must advertise even the products that are similar.Learn more: brainly.com/question/17429689
Knowledge Check 01 An unfavorable variance of $5,000 in cost of goods sold is determined by comparing the actual results (10,000 units) and the flexible budget (10,000 units). What type of variance is described?a. Activity variance b. Spending variance c. Revenue variance
Answer:
The correct option is b. Spending variance.
Explanation:
Spending variance can be described as the difference between the actual cost and budgeted cost at the actual activity level.
Since cost of goods sold (COGS) is the direct costs incurred to produce the goods that is sold by a firm, it therefore implies that the amount of variance in cost of goods sold can be determined by comparing the actual results and the flexible budget at the actual activity level or actual units.
Based on the explanation above, the correct option is b. Spending variance. That is, Spending variance is an unfavorable variance of $5,000 in cost of goods sold is determined by comparing the actual results (10,000 units) and the flexible budget (10,000 units).
You want to invest $50,000 in a portfolio with a beta of no more than 1.4 and an expected return of 12.4%. Bay Corp. has a beta of 1.2 and an expected return of 11.2%, and City Inc. has a beta of 1.8 and an expected return of 14.8%. The risk-free rate is 4%. You can invest in Bay Corp. and City Inc. How much will you invest in each?
Answer:
Assume the weight to be invested in Bay Corp is x. That means (1 - x) will be the weight for City Inc. The expression for the expected return will be;
(x * 11.2%) + ( (1 - x) * 14.8%) = 12.4%
0.112x + 0.148 - 0.148x = 0.124
-0.036x = -0.024
x = 0.67
Portfolio beta is;
= 0.67 * 1.2 + ( 1 - 0.67) * 1.8
= 1.398 so beta condition is satisfied.
Amount in Bay Corp.;
= 0.67 * 50,000
= $33,500
Amount in City Inc.;
= 50,000 - 33,500
= $16,500
The amounts that will be invested in Bay Corp. and City Inc. will be $33500 and $16500.
Let the weight invested in Bay Corp be x.Therefore the weight invested in City Inc. will be 1 - x.
Therefore, the equation to solve the question will be:
( x × 11.2%) + [(1 - x) × 14.8%)] = 12.4%
Open the brackets
0.112x + 0.148 - 0.148x = 0.124
Collect like terms
-0.036x = -0.024
x = -0.024 / 0.036
x = 0.67
The portfolio beta will be:
= 0.67 * 1.2 + ( 1 - 0.67) × 1.8
= 1.398 .
Therefore, the amount invested in Bay Corp will be:
= 0.67 × $50,000
= $33,500
Therefore, the amount in City Inc. will be:
= $50,000 - $33,500
= $16,500
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Suppose you have the following three zero-coupon bond (ZCB) available: a 1-year ZCB that costs $97, a 2-year ZCB that costs $95, and a 3-year ZCB that costs $92. Assume that the par values are $100.
a. What must the price of a 3-year coupon bond with at 8% coupon rate?
b. How would you make an arbitrage profit if the coupon bond was trading at $100?
c. How much arbitrage profit would you make per $100 of the 3-year coupon bond trade?
Answer:
Bond price = Par value / (1 + 1 year spot rate)1
$97 = $100 / (1 + 1 year spot rate)^1
(1 + 1 year spot rate)^1 = $100 / $97
(1 + 1 year spot rate) = 1.030928
1 year spot rate = 3.0928%
Bond price = Par value / (1 + 2 year spot rate)^2
$95 = $100 / (1 + 2 year spot rate)^2
(1 + 2 year spot rate)^2 = $100 / $95
(1 + 2 year spot rate)^2 = 1.052632
(1 + 2 year spot rate) = (1.052632)(1 / 2)
(1 + 2 year spot rate) = 1.025978
2 year spot rate = 2.5978%
Bond price = Par value / (1 + 3 year spot rate)^3
$92 = $100 / (1 + 3 year spot rate)^3
(1 + 3 year spot rate)^3 = $100 / $92
(1 + 3 year spot rate)^3 = 1.086957
(1 + 3 year spot rate) = (1.086957)(1 / 3)
(1 + 3 year spot rate) = 1.028184
3 year spot rate = 2.8184%
Coupon per period = (Coupon rate / No of coupon payments per year) * Par value
Coupon per period = (8% / 1) * $100
Coupon per period = $8
a) Bond price = Coupon / (1 + 1 year spot rate)^1 + Coupon / (1 + 2 year spot rate)^2 + (Coupon + Par value) / (1 + 3 year spot rate)^3
Bond price = $8 / (1 + 3.0928%)^1 + $8 / (1 + 2.5978%)^2 + ($8 + $100) / (1 + 2.8184%)^3
Bond price based on spot rates = $114.7199
b. Bond price based on spot rates is greater than traded bond price to exploit this arbitrage the following strategy must be implemented
The 3 year 8% coupon bond should be bought at $100.
Portfolio = -$100
1 year zero coupon bond with face value $8 must be sold
Portfolio = (Price of 1 year zero coupon bond / Face value) * Amount of Face value to be Sold
Portfolio = ($97 / $100) * $8
Portfolio = $7.76
2 year zero coupon bond with face value $8 must be sold
Portfolio = Price of 2 year zero coupon bond / Face value) * Amount of Face value to be Sold
Portfolio = ($95 / $100) * $8
Portfolio = $7.6
3 year zero coupon bond with face value $108 must be sold
Portfolio = Price of 3 year zero coupon bond / Face value) * Amount of Face value to be Sold
Portfolio = ($92 / $100) * $108
Portfolio = $99.36
Arbitrage profit = -$100 + $7.76 + $7.6 + $99.36
Arbitrage profit = $14.72
c) Arbitrage profit = Bond price based on spot rates - Traded Bond price
Arbitrage profit = $114.72 - $100
Arbitrage profit = $14.72
Arbitrage profit would you make per $100 = $14.72