Primary streak is the raised groove formed on the dorsal side of the two-layered embryonic disc.
Primary streak is fashioned on the dorsal facet of embryonic disc around fifteenth day of life and is answerable for the formation of notochord and the 1/3 germ layer namely mesoderm. The notochord is shaped through the addition of cells to its caudal cease because the primitive streak degenerates.
The germ layers expand early in embryonic existence, thru the device of gastrulation. for the duration of gastrulation, a hollow cluster of cells called a blastula reorganizes into number one germ layers: an internal layer, called endoderm, and an outer layer, called ectoderm.
The chorion is a membrane enclosing the chorionic hollow space and paperwork from trophoblast cells and extraembryonic somatic mesoderm. The connecting stalk connects the embryo and yolk sac to the chorion and suspends them inside the chorionic sac.
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Label the diagram below with the following terms:active site, enzyme, enzyme-substrate
complex, product, and substrate Then, answer the questions below.
10.
12.
11.
Carbon dioxide
Water
13.
Products
are released.
Substrates
bind to the
enzyme.
Substrates
are converted
into products.
14.
This is an example of an anabolic reaction. 1) substrates. 2) active site. 3) Product. 4) Enzyme. 5) Enzyme-Substrate complex. a) Protein. b) Catalyze reactions. c) Energy needed to convert a substrate into a product. d) Decrease it. e) pH, Temperature, other molecules.
How does the metabolic action occur?In metabolic reactions mediated by enzymes, the substrates turn into products faster than they would naturally do.
Let us remember that enzymes are proteins that act as catalyzer molecules that accelerate natural reactions.
Anabolism is the process through which the enzyme takes small molecules to composed a larger one. The enzyme helps to build a complex molecule from simpler ones.Catabolism is the process by which a complex large molecule is brocken into simpler smaller molecules. The enzyme gets in contact with the substrate and break it appart into pieces.Enzymes have specific active sites to which the substrate binds.
Once these molecules join through these binding sites, they compose the enzyme-substrate complex.
Finally, the enzyme turns the substrate into product molecules.
The exposed example proposes an anabolic reaction.
1) Susbtrates ⇒ CO₂ and water
2) Active site
3) Product
4) Enzyme
5) Enzyme-substrate complex
a) What type of organic molecules are enzymes?
Proteins
b) What do enzymes do in cells?
They catalyze reactions. Accelerate them.
c) What is the activation energy?
This is the energy naturally needed to convert a molecule into a product.
d) How do enzymes affect the activation energy?
Since enzyme catalize reactions, they decrease the activation energy.
e) What factors affect the activity of an enzyme?
pH and Temperature are two significant factors that affect enzymatic activity.
Enzymes have an optimum pH and Tº range at which they perform the best. Over this range, they denaturalize.
Other molecules can also affect enzymes activity.
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Complete question: Image attached
Label the diagram below with the following terms: active site, enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex, product, and substrate.
Then, answer the questions below.
a) What type of organic molecules are enzymes?
b) What do enzymes do in cells?
c) What is the activation energy?
d) How do enzymes affect the activation energy?
e) What factors affect the activity of an enzyme?
The process in which a network of species undergoes reciprocal evolutionary change through natural selection is referred to as?
The process in which a network of species undergoes reciprocal evolutionary change through natural selection is referred to as diffuse coevolution.
Reciprocal evolutionary change, or diffuse coevolution, is a process by which a network of species undergoes evolutionary change in response to each other. This process is thought to be an important factor in the maintenance of biodiversity.
Diffuse coevolutionary processes are thought to operate on a variety of scales. For example, plant-pollinator interactions are thought to be an important driver of plant biodiversity. These interactions are thought to promote plant speciation through the process of pollinator-driven selection. In addition, predator-prey interactions are thought to promote reciprocal evolutionary change between these groups of organisms.
The study of diffuse coevolution is ongoing, and its importance in the maintenance of biodiversity is still being explored. However, the process is thought to be a key driver of evolution and should be considered when studying the interactions between different species.
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How is the adrenal cortex controlled?
Adrenal cortex is controlled by the mechanism of negative feedback by the hypothalamus and the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
Adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the adrenal gland. Adrenal glands are present in a pair on the top of both the kidneys. The hormones released by the adrenal cortex are involved in functions of metabolism, stress, blood pressure, etc.
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is a peptide in nature that is secreted by the pituitary gland. This hormone is released by the action of CRH from hypothalamus. The hormone then stimulates the adrenal cortex to release the hormones cortisol and androgens. The cortisol in return stimulates the hypothalamus to decrease the release of CRH. This is how the feedback loop works.
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premature contractions are common and typically not dangerous. if the premature contractions are due to aberrant purkinje fibers, you can conclude all of the following are taking place except
We can conclude all of the following are taking place except Atrial premature contractions.
Premature atrial contractions (PACs) are additional heartbeats that begin in your heart's upper chambers. There might not be much blood in the heart when the premature or early signal causes the heart to contract. That indicates that there isn't much blood to pump. The extra heartbeat may feel like a skipped beat because it may be followed by a strong beat and a pause.
When there is more blood in the heart to pump than there is with a skipped beat, a premature atrial contraction can feel like an extra beat.
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Your professor gives you an organism to study. you determine that the organism contains dna and ribosomes, has a plasma membrane and can reproduce sexually. to which group could this organism belong?
If the organism contains DNA, ribosomes, a plasma membrane and can reproduce sexually, then it belongs to the animal kingdom.
What are the biological kingdoms?On earth there are various types of unicellular and multicellular organisms, including that we still do not know. As there is so much diversity of this, biologists and experts on the subject found it necessary to divide them broadly into five kingdoms which take as a characteristic their type of nutrition, their cellular organization, the type of respiration they use, their reproduction, the way in which they are move, among others.
We then find: animal kingdom which is composed of multicellular eukaryotic animals with heterotrophic feeding, aerobic respiration, sexual reproduction and that have the ability to move. The plant kingdom that has immobile, multicellular, eukaryotic characteristics, are autotrophs, have anaerobic respiration and have sexual and asexual reproduction.
There will also be the fungi, protoctista and monera kingdoms.
Therefore, we can confirm that if the organism contains DNA, ribosomes, a plasma membrane and can reproduce sexually, then it belongs to the animal kingdom.
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how long does a caterpillar stay in a cocoon?
Answer:
between five to 21 days.
how long does a caterpillar stay in a cocoon?
Explanation:
Viruses reproduce through the use of host cells. In this process, viruses reproduce by injecting their DNA into the host cell and using the cell's structures to create copies of itself. After numerous copies are made, the host cell bursts and the new viruses are released. Depending on the type of virus and the host cell, hundreds or thousands of viruses can be released in this burst. These viruses then go on to reproduce through new host cells. Bacteria, however, reproduce using binary fission. In this process, a bacterium splits into two identical daughter cells. In favorable conditions, bacteria can divide once every 20 minutes. This means that a single bacterium can turn into a colony of over a billion bacteria in about ten hours.
Which statement correctly compares viral and bacterial reproduction?
a
Both viruses and bacteria must destroy themselves after they have reproduced.
b
Both viruses and bacteria can create large populations in a short time period.
c
Both viruses and bacteria must have very large populations in order to reproduce.
d
Both viruses and bacteria can reproduce without the help of other organisms.
Answer:
I believe it is b,
Both viruses and bacteria can create large populations in a short time period.
The statement which correctly compares viral and bacterial reproduction is that both viruses and bacteria can create large populations in a short time period. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
What is Virus replication?Virus replication may be defined as a type of process that involves the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. It is the mechanism by which a virus makes copies of itself.
It can lead to thousands of new viral particles being released into the host's body, infecting new cells and leading to the symptoms of the disease. The mode of reproduction for bacteria and viruses may absolutely different in each aspect.
Bacteria reproduce using binary fission. While Viruses reproduce through the use of host cells. But both can create large populations in a short time period.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.
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Sheep and algae differ markedly in volatility of population size in the face of environmental fluctuations. Predict why?
Sheep are larger and thus have greater homeostatic resistance to physiological effects of environmental change.
Sheep are longer‐lived, and their populations consist of individuals born over a long period. algae systems have been used as models for studying life-history, of environmental population structure and consumer–resource dynamics This evens out effects on population size of short‐term fluctuations in birth rate. Light availability is a crucial environmental component that affects the quality of algae; when phosphorus is scarce, high light levels can result in large amounts of low-quality (high C:P ratio) algae, whereas low light levels encourage large amounts of higher-quality algae (low C:P ratio) algae.
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If you stimulated a sensory neuron electrically, how would that stimulation be perceived?
You will feel the electrical stimulation as if the sensory receptors that regulate those neurons were activated.
Summary:For example, electrical stimulation of sensory neurons controlled by menthol-activated thermoreceptor can be considered as local cooling.
What are thermoreceptor?thermoreceptor are free nerve endings residing in the skin, liver, and skeletal muscle, as well as the hypothalamus, with cold receptors 3.5 times more common than thermoreceptor.
Where do thermoreceptor work?thermoreceptor are specialized proteins on nerve endings under the skin that allow the body to detect changes in hot or cold temperature.
How do thermoreceptor work?The thermoreceptor that responds to capsaicin and other thermogenic chemicals is called TRPV1. In response to heat, the TRPV1 receptor opens passages that allow ions to pass through, causing a feeling of warmth or burning.
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what is the diffrence between a cedll wall and cell membrain
Answer:
Permeability
Explanation:
The key difference between cell wall and cell membrane lies with their permeability. The cell wall is completely permeable while the cell membrane is selectively or partially permeable. Another difference between cell wall and cell membrane is the composition.
Nucleic acids are founds in prokaryotes without a nucleus. An example is
plants
fungi
animals
bacteria
Nucleic acids are founds in prokaryotes without a nucleus. An example is bacteria.
What are bacteria?Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that have the characteristic that they lack a defined nucleus, then they have their genetic content in the cytoplasm. Nor will they present membrane organelles within them. What they will have is a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan that will protect it.
They are usually unicellular organisms that can live in extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, they are on earth and even in the human body there are more bacteria than human cells, some are beneficial to the body.
Therefore, we can confirm that nucleic acids are founds in prokaryotes without a nucleus. An example is bacteria.
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In some animals, females select males as mates based on their ability to ward off infection as indicated by traits that the males possess. This is an example of ________.
This is an example of Sexual Selection.
Fitness in the evolution of a species plays an important role in the survival of the species by successfully producing offspring. For this purpose 'Sexual Selection' plays an important role because it helps the species to determine their mating partners so the traits will be passed on to the next generation.
Most often, the selection is done on the basis of the traits that the mating partner has to offer. Dimorphism and other selected traits help individuals of a species determine the fitness of its potential mates and select a suitable partner. Mostly, this selection is done by the females of that particular species who are more involved in trait compatibility.
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4. Compare and contrast ¹H,2^H, and ³H.
A protist that you observed in lab gains nutrients by absorbing small, liquid droplets. which term best describes this metabolic process?(1 point)
Protists can be aerobic or anaerobic and have a variety of ways to eat. Phagocytosis this term best describes this metabolic process.
Protists are tiny, unicellular organisms, but some of them are actually multicellular. A small percentage of protists are found in colonies, which exhibit characteristics of both a multicellular organism and a collection of free-living cells. Chloroplasts are a characteristic of photoautotrophs, which are protists that store energy through photosynthesis.
A process known as phagocytosis, in which the cell membrane engulfs a food particle and draws it inside, puncturing off an intracellular membranous sac, or vesicle, termed a food vacuole, is how amoebas and some other heterotrophic protist species consume particles. The food particles gets divided into small molecules that can spread into the cytoplasm and be utilized in cellular metabolism when the vesicle that contains the ingested particle, the phagosome, joins forces with a lysosome that contains hydrolytic enzymes to create a phagolysosome. Unprocessed material is eventually ejected from the cell by exocytosis.
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Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. how many peptide bonds are present in this protein?
The number of peptide bonds are present in this protein is 99; option 3.
What are polypeptides?
Polypeptides also know as proteins are macromolecules which are composed of monomers of amino acid units.
Polypeptides are formed when amino acids are linked to each other by peptide bonds.
Peptide bonds are formed between the α-nitrogen atom of the first amino acid and the carbonyl carbon atom of the second amino acid.
Therefore, a dipeptide consisting of two amino acid contains one peptide bond; a tripeptide consisting of three amino acid contains two peptide bonds.
In general, the number of peptide bonds in a polypeptide containing n amino acids is n -1
A polypeptide that contains 100 amino acids, will have 100 - 1 or 99 peptide bonds.
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Note that the complete question is given below:
Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?
1. 101
2. 100
3. 99
4. 98
5. 97
Bony joints are formed by ossification of either fibrous or cartilaginous joints. True or false
Bony joints are formed by the ossification of either fibrous or cartilaginous joints. So the statement is true.
What are fibrous joints?In fibrous joints, white connective tissue (collagen) fibers that go from one articulating portion to the next divide the articulating parts. Suture and gomphosis are the two forms of fibrous joints. The periosteum, or fibrous coating, of two bones, passes between them to produce a suture.
Only the top and sides of the braincase as well as the upper portion of the face have sutures in an adult. The metopic suture, as well as the two parts of the mandible at the chin, divide the two sides of the frontal bone in a newborn.
Therefore, the statement is true.
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name four different types of specialized cells which a single celled human zygote can differentiate into.
The four different types of specialized cells which a single celled human zygote can differentiate into are: skin cells, muscle cells, bone cells, and nerve cells.
Zygote is the single cell, which is diploid in nature. It is formed after the fertilization of a female ovum by the male sperm. The zygote has the potential to divide and differentiate into a fully grown organism. The zygote stage is very short-lived.
Nerve cells are the neurons that function to transmit signals across the whole body. The nerve cells are the longest cell in the body. There structure is composed of a central cell body from which emerge various dendrites. From one side comes the long axon which ends at the axon terminal.
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Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function? a. limbic system-motor control of speech b. medulla oblongata-homeostatic control c. cerebellum-coordination of movement and balance d. amygdala-emotional memory
According to the given statement, the correct choice is B.
Medulla oblongata -homeostatic control.
What is the medulla oblongata?Your core is the bottom of your brain. Its location means it's where your brain connects to your spinal cord, making it an important conduit for nerve signals to and from your body. It also helps control important processes such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
What are the five functions of the medulla oblongata?These nerves control swallowing, taste, breathing, heart function, digestion, upper back, neck muscles, and tongue movement. Injuries and strokes often cause spinal cord problems.
Where is the medulla oblongata in the brain?The medulla is at the base of the brain, and the brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in the transmission of information between the spinal cord and the brain.
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carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that trap and digest small animals. the products of this digestion are used to supplement the plant's supply of . carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that trap and digest small animals. the products of this digestion are used to supplement the plant's supply of . nitrogen and other minerals carbohydrates energy lipids and steroids
carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that entice and digest small animals. the products of this digestion are used to complement the plant's supply of nitrogen and minerals
Carnivorus plants grows in nitrogen deficiet soil. So, in oreder to get nitrogen, they could trap the small animals. example Venus fly trap, Pitcher plant and bladdder wortcolor, scent, and nectar draws bugs to insectivorous flowersThe venus fly lure carries 6 cause hairs on inner floor of leaves, three on each half of of leaf.Carnivorous plants are flora that derive some or most in their nutrients from trapping and ingesting animals or protozoans, typically insects and different arthropods. Carnivorous plant life nevertheless generate some of their electricity from photosynthesisTo know more about Carnivorus plants visit : https://brainly.com/question/11020241
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What might be the result if the cell ignored either checkpoint and progressed through the cell cycle?
If the cell ignored the checkpoint and progressed through the cell cycle, the cell would divide under conditions where it was inappropriate to do so.
Cells have to follow a certain cycle of division and for that, they pass through some checkpoints.
If cells start undergoing inappropriate dividing cycles, there will be an abnormality.
Also, if the daughter cells and their descendent also start ignoring checkpoints and the division cycle, then there will be a huge mass of abnormal cells.
The appropriate division cycle and timing are crucial for the normal growth, development as well as maintenance of a human or plant body.
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Big cats, such as the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) shown here, are one of the most endangered groups of mammals in the world. Based on what you've learned in this chapter, discuss some of the approaches you would use to help preserve them.
The Amur tiger is most at risk from poaching, habitat loss, and illegal ungulate hunting. These animals are the tigers primary prey.
Roads are a significant threat to the Siberian tiger, (Panthera tigris altaica) because they make it easier for poachers to reach protected areas. In order to reduce illegal logging, safeguard habitat, boost prey populations, enhance public awareness, and reinforce anti-poaching efforts, our scientists and experts are collaborating with legislators, businesses, and communities. To lessen the impact of ecotourism, save the habitats of big cats, and maintain their number, it also included developing standards for tiger safaris at tourism motives.
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Review Figure 7.10 , which illustrates the diffusion of dye molecules across a membrane. Could diffusion eliminate the concentration gradient of a dye that has a net charge? Explain.
When additionally charged molecules pass over a membrane do charge dye molecules equilibrate. If not, a chemical gradient that counteracts membrane potential will form.
What is a concentration gradient?The steady variation in a solution's solute concentration as a function of distance is referred to as a concentration gradient. The solvent (the element that dissolves, such as water) and the solute are the two main components of a solution (the particles that are dissolvable by the solvent).
Concentration in biochemistry refers to the quantity of a solution's subcomponent, such as the number of solutes present. A variable's gradual increase or decrease with regard to distance is generally referred to as a gradient. In this case, a concentration gradient would result from varying solute concentrations in the two solutions.
Therefore, when additionally charged molecules pass over a membrane charge dye molecules equilibrate. If not, a chemical gradient that counteracts membrane potential will form.
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axillary nerve repair by fascicle transfer from the ulnar or median nerve in upper brachial plexus palsy
Nerve repair using motor fascicles of a different nerve was first described for the repair of elbow flexion (Oberlin technique). In this paper, the authors describe their experience with a similar method for axillary nerve reconstruction in cases of upper brachial plexus palsy.
Of 791 nerve reconstructions performed by the senior author (P.H.) between 1993 and 2011 in 441 patients with brachial plexus injury, 14 involved axillary nerve repair by fascicle transfer from the ulnar or median nerve. All 14 of these procedures were performed between 2007 and 2010.
Nine patients were followed up for 24 months or longer. Good recovery of deltoid muscle strength was seen in 7 (77.8%) of these 9 patients, and in 4 patients with less follow-up (14-23 months), for an overall success rate of 78.6%. The procedure was unsuccessful in 2 of the 9 patients with at least 24 months of follow-up.
The authors conclude that fascicle transfer from the ulnar or median nerve onto the axillary nerve is a safe and effective method for the reconstruction of the axillary nerve in patients with upper brachial plexus injury.
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Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal? a. greater production of T₃ than of T₄ b. hyposecretion of TSH c. hypersecretion of MSH d. a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin
The following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal is
b. hyposecretion of TSH
TSH hyposecretion thus lowers thyroid hormone levels and leads to the development of hypothyroidism.
Iodine is a chemical element that the human body uses as a necessary nutrient in the diet in order to generate thyroid hormone. Iodine has a variety of purposes, including boosting birth weight, treating thyroid cancer, and lowering the chance of goiters.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone is referred to by the abbreviation TSH. TSH is the name of the peptide hormone that the pituitary gland produces to control the thyroid gland's hormone output.
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Q.1 Rubisco starts the process of carbon fixation by attaching a carbon from carbon dioxide to RuBP, causing which molecule to be formed?
water
PGA
Glucose
Q.2 12 molecules of PGA use the energy from ATP and NADPH to rearrange and form 12 molecules of?
water
PGAL
Glucose
Q.3 ____provides the energy needed to rearrange 10 molecules of PGAL into 6 molecules of RuBP.
heat
ATP
Water
Q.4
During one "turn" of the Calvin–Benson cycle,__ carbon dioxide molecules are taken in, and a molecule of glucose is created.___ carbon atoms are in that molecule of glucose.
1. RuBisCO starts the process of carbon fixation by attaching a carbon from carbon dioxide to RuBP, causing PGA molecule to be formed.
2. 12 molecules of PGA use the energy from ATP and NADPH to rearrange and form 12 molecules of Glucose.
3. ATP provides the energy needed to rearrange 10 molecules of PGAL into 6 molecules of RuBP.
4. During one "turn" of the Calvin–Benson cycle, One carbon dioxide molecules are taken in, and a molecule of glucose is created. Six carbon atoms are in that molecule of glucose.
Calvin–Benson cycle- The C3 cycle is another name for the Calvin cycle. The carbon from the carbon cycle gets fixed into sugars via a chain of chemical reactions. It takes place in the plant cell's chloroplast.
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what is the correct classification of the symbiotic relationship?
F - Predator/Prey
G - Mutualism
H - Commensalism
J - Parasite/Host
What do you observe about the relative timing of the peaks in lynx numbers and hare numbers? What might explain this observation?
There is no relationship between when hare numbers peaked and when lynx numbers peaked.
Hare numbersThere are fewer than 800,000 of them. Hares can still dance, play, and loiter - but only just. Hare populations continue to decline in the face of a three-pronged onslaught. Hares, like many British mammals, have been severely impacted by habitat loss, specifically the deterioration and development of agricultural land.
Lynx numbersThe IUCN classifies the lynx as Near Threatened, with a global population of fewer than 50,000 reproducing individuals. Its extinction, like that of many other predators, is connected to habitat and prey loss.
Can predators and prey evolve together ?Predators and their prey coevolve. Prey species develop adaptations to help them avoid being eaten, and predators develop techniques to help them catch their prey.
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how is atp used in our bodies? how is atp used in our bodies? the energy released from atp is converted into kinetic energy to do work. it is converted to adp for storage and later use. it is used to create more energy. atp is used to make potential energy.
ATP is used in human bodies as follows: the energy released from ATP is converted into kinetic energy to do work (option A).
What is ATP?ATP is the biological molecule that is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions.
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and it stores or carries energy used by the cell for performing metabolic activities.
ATP is structurally built to store energy in the bonds that holds its phosphate molecules. This energy is released for use by living cells when the bond is broken.
Therefore, ATP is used in human bodies as follows: the energy released from ATP is converted into kinetic energy to do work.
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The cellular structure involved in controlling the concentration of solutes within the cell is the.
The cellular structure involved in controlling the concentration of solutes within the cell is the cell membrane.
A cell membrane is a component of a cell that is selectively permeable to the various molecules. It allows movement in and out of the cell by regulating the type of molecules that enter or disperse from it. The primary function of a cell membrane is to protect the interior of the cell from external surroundings.
The transportation of molecules in and out of the cell occurs in two ways, either through passive transport or active transport. Gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen move across the plasma membrane by diffusion which is passive transport.
Passive transport involves the movement within a concentration gradient. This means that the concentration of solutes that diffuse through passive transport are selected by the plasma membrane and do not require much energy. On the other hand, when the transport occurs against the concentration gradient, it requires greater energy. The transport of molecules against the concentration gradient is referred to as active transport.
Therefore, the cellular structure that controls the concentration of solutes within the cell is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is often referred to as the plasma membrane.
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C-banding is a pattern of staining using giemsa stain in which chromosomes show staining of?
Giemsa stain shows the staining of centromeres.
C-banding, which involves denaturing the chromosomes in a saturated alkaline solution followed by Giemsa staining, is a technique specifically used to identify heterochromatin. Different banding methods can be selected when identifying chromosomes. Chromosome banding is an important technique used in chromosome karyotyping to distinguish between normal and defective chromosomes for clinical and scientific purposes.The most common dye-based chromosome banding methods are Giemsa (G), reverse (R), and centromere (C). G-banding stains trypsinized chromosomes, whereas R-banding uses hot acidic saline to denature the chromosomes prior to Giemsa staining. It contains a significant amount of AT-rich satellite DNA. Just as G-banding represents AT-rich sections of chromosomes, so does Q-banding.Therefore, centromeres is the correct answer.
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