According to the question of voltage, technician B is correct.
What is voltage?
Voltage is the difference in electric potential between two points, often known as electric pressure, electric tension, or (electric) potential difference. It refers to the labour required per unit of charge to move a test charge between two places in a static electric field. The derived unit for voltage in the International System of Units is called volt. Work per unit charge is defined in SI units as joules per coulomb, where 1 volt equals 1 joule (of work) for 1 coulomb (of charge).
Conductance testing measures the battery's voltage.
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assume that the worst case condition is for the river level to rise to an elevation of 22 m. you are asked to come up with a design for an excavation that will have a factor of safety of 1.5 for uplift failure. propose an excavation depth that satisfies these constraints?
If the river level rises to an elevation of 22 m, the excavation depth would need to be at least 13.3 m deep to satisfy the uplift failure constraint with a factor of safety of 1.5.
What is factor of safety?
A factor of safety (FoS), also referred as (and used interchangeably with) safety factor (SF), is an engineering term that expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be as an intended load. So even though comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, safety factors are frequently calculated using detailed analysis, however the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy. Many systems are purposefully built much stronger than is required for normal operation to accommodate emergency cases, unexpected loads, misuse, or degradation (reliability).
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two technicians are discussing what should be done before assembling a clutch. technician a says that the friction material should be soaked in the atf that will be used in the transmission. technician b says that a dry friction plate could burn the first time it is applied. which technician is correct?
According to the question of assembling a clutch, technician A is correct.
What do you mean by clutch?
A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transfer, most notably between a drive shaft and a driven shaft. Clutches connect and detach two rotating shafts in their most basic application. One shaft in these devices is usually connected to an engine or other power unit, while the other shaft supplies output power for tasks. The motions involved are typically rotary, however linear clutches do occur. The clutch in a car serves as a mechanical link between the engine and transmission, briefly disconnecting or separating the engine from the transmission system. When the clutch pedal is depressed, the drive wheels are disconnected, allowing the driver to shift gears smoothly.
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two steels are being considered for manufacture of as-forged connecting rods. one is aisi 4340 cr-mo-ni steel capable of being heat-treated to a tensile strength of 260 kpsi. the other is a plain carbon steel aisi 1040 with an sut of 113 kpsi. if each rod is to have a size giving an equivalent diameter de of 0.75 in., is there any advantage to using the alloy steel for this fatigue application?
The most typical material used to create pipes is alloy steel, particularly pipes for energy-related uses. Additionally, it is utilized in the production of corrosion-resistant containers, silverware, pots and pans, and heating elements for appliances like toasters.
Alloy steels can generally show more strength, ductility, and toughness than carbon steels. However, alloy steels often have lower machinability, weldability, and formability, which is a drawback. One metal and one nonmetal are combined to boost the hardness of metal. In comparison to their component constituents, alloys have a higher tensile strength. Metal alloys are combinations of various metals that keep the desired qualities while getting rid of the undesired ones. Many industries use alloys extensively. They are employed in the manufacture of military, industrial, medical, and aerospace equipment.
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the analog telephone line has maximum frequency 4 khz. analog telephone signal converted to digital. which sampling frequency analog - to- digital pcm converter must have ?
The analog telephone signal must be sampled at a minimum of 8 kHz to be converted to digital using PCM.
What is PCM?
In order to represent sampled analogue signals digitally, one technique is pulse-code modulation (PCM). It serves as the industry standard for digital audio in applications such as digital telephony, compact discs, and computers. In a PCM stream, overall amplitude of the analogue signal is quantized to a nearest value inside a range of digital steps for each regular, uniformly spaced sample. A particular variant of PCM called linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) has linearly uniform quantization levels. In contrast, PCM encodings (such as those using the A-law or -law algorithms) have quantization levels that are dependent on amplitude. PCM is a more broad term, but it's frequently used to refer to data that has been encoded using LPCM.
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technician a says that the higher the gear selected the more torque is available. technician b says that a transaxle contains gears that increase or decrease torque. who is correct?
Technician A is correct. Technician B is wrong because a gear's transmission is used to increase or decrease torque.
The relation torque is relying on multiplying the circumferential detail with the resource of the usage of the radius; massive gears experience a greater amount of torque, at the same time as smaller gears experience a great deal much less torque. Similarly, the torque ratio is equal to the ratio of the gears' radii. A gear's transmission torque modifications as it will boom or decreases speed. Commonly, with the resource of the usage of lowering the speed, a small torque on the doorway issue is transferred as a massive torque at the output issue. The calculation of torque is quantified with the resource of the usage of an extensive form of teeth.
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6. Which are considered "severe driving" conditions?
A) Frequent short trips
B) O Hauling or towing
c)O Driving in dusty conditions
D) O Driving in extreme hot or cold temperatures
E) O All of the above
The options that are considered "severe driving" conditions are:
Driving in dusty conditions (Option C)Driving in extremely hot or cold temperatures (Option D).How do you manage Driving in severe Conditions?Take it easy. On slick roads, braking takes longer – the slower you travel, the easier it is to notice possible dangers and manage, slow, and stop your car. Check that your vehicle is weather-ready (check your battery, windshield wipers and washer fluid, tires, antifreeze, and headlights).
If you know the journey will be unpleasant, question whether you really need to go. To avoid any problems, consider rescheduling or using other transportation.
If you must travel, use the Journey Management Plan to plan ahead of time. Check your vehicle's tyres, brakes, windshield wipers, lights, and fluid levels to ensure that it is ready for the voyage.
Be prepared for emergencies and carry emergency equipment. Always bring drinking water and a blanket for unexpected weather.
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What can your employer do to protect you from overhead power lines
Answer: maintain a safe distance from lines when working.
Explanation:
Have the power company de-energize and ground the power lines.
wearing ppe is the only way to prevent being electrocuted.
have the power company install insulated sleeves (also known as “eels”) over power lines.
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brick chimneys on older properties with oil heat sometimes curve above the roof line, with no visible cracks. which is a possible cause of this curving?
Manufacturing Plans: the detailed set of ___________________ that are needed to make or process raw materials into a completed product.
1. instructions
2. guidelines
3. directives
which is typically driven through a gear box and a clutch connected by a drive shaft to the front of the crankshaft? select one: a. midship pump b. front-mount pump c. power-take-off (pto) drive d. auxiliary engine driven pump
Auxiliary engine-driven pump is typically driven through a gearbox and a clutch connected by a drive shaft to the front of the crankshaft.
What is gearbox?
Gearboxes are basically a collection of gears and their casings, which are most typically found in automobiles. Because most motor vehicle engines have high operating and idling speeds, gearboxes allow machinery to run more effectively and even assist in slowing and shutting down machinery. Gearboxes are used in autos, turbines, and heavy machinery to transfer energy from one rotating power source to another. More information on how a plethora of internal components combine to enable safe movement in practically all types of equipment may be found in the Crankshaft and Piston definitions.
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n air conditioning system operating on the reversed carnot cycle is required to transfer heat from a house at a rate of 750 kj/min to maintain its temperature at 24 c. if the outdoor air temperature is 35 c, determine the power required to operate this air conditioning system. answer: 0.463 kw. additional: if the heat rejected to the outside air is used to provide hot water, at what volume rate could hot water at 30 c be produced for domestic use? assume the initial temperature of the water is 20 c.
The power needed to run this air conditioning system is 0.466 KW. an ideal closed thermodynamic cycle that is reversible in which the working substance undergoes four isothermal expansion processes in succession.
Step 1: Information is provided
The house's heat transfer rate is 755 kJ/min (Ql).
Temperature inside the home = Th = 24°C = 24 +273 = 297 Kelvin
Temperature outside is 35 °C, which is equivalent to 35 + 273 Kelvin.
Step 2: Determine the performance coefficient of a reversed carnot air conditioner operating within the given temperature ranges.
COPr,c = ((To/Th) - 1) / 1)
COPr,c = 1 /((308/297) - 1)
COPr,c = 1/ 0.037
COPr,c = 27
Step 3: The power input can be provided as described below:
Ql / COPr,max = Wnet,in
= 755 / 27 Wnet, in
Wnet,in equals 27,963 kJ/min
Win is equal to 27.963 * 1 KW/60 kJ/min, or 0.466 KW.
The power needed to run this air conditioning system is 0.466 KW.
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a new interstate highway is being built with a design speed of 70mph. for one of the horizontal curves, the radius (measured to the innermost vehicle path) is tentatively planned as 2500 feet. what rate of superelevation is required for this curve?
The rate of superelevation is required for this curve.
What is superelevation?
Superelevation is a technique for building infrastructure in which the outer edge of a pavement is elevated above the inner margin. It's a key safety component in the design requirements of any road with bends. It is an aspect of the vertical alignment or "profile" of a road viewed in cross-section. A superelevated road requires meticulous design. Its construction calls for the expenditure of large amounts of materials, heavy machinery, and labour. However, if it is executed properly, most people hardly even notice it. Superelevation is more frequently referred to as "cant" or "banking," like a racing speedway's banked track.
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as you perform a sonographic exam, you switch from a 3.5 mhz transducer to a 7.0 mhz transducer to image a superficial structure. compared to the 3.5 mhz transducer, what will the 7.0 mhz attenuation rate and wavelength be?
Double the attenuation rate, one-half the wavelength will the 7.0 mhz attenuation rate and wavelength.
What is wavelength?
The wavelength of a periodic wave is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats in physics. It is the distance between two successive corresponding locations of the same phase on the wave, such as two neighbouring crests, troughs, or zero crossings, and it is a feature of both travelling and standing waves, in addition to other spatial wave patterns.
The rate of attenuation doubles when the frequency is doubled, but the wavelength is halved. Wavelength decreases as frequency increases, improving resolution while decreasing penetration due to greater sound absorption.
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8. what precautions would you take in machining with brittle tool materials, especially ceramics? what rake angle (positive or negative) would you choose?
Answer: Negative!
Explanation:
With brittle tool materials, we first want to prevent chipping, such as by using negative rake angles and reduce vibration and chatter. Also, brittleness of ceramic tools applies to thermal angles and reduce vibration and chatter. Also,
brittleness of ceramic tools applies to thermal
gradients, as well as to strains. To prevent tool
failures due to thermal gradients, a steady supply of cutting fluid should be applied, as well
as selecting tougher tool materials.
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technician a says that when a charged battery's electrolyte is low it should be topped up with distilled water. technician b says that the battery should be topped up with a mixture of acid and water. who is correct?
According to the question of electrolytes, technician A is correct.
What is an electrolyte?
An electrolyte is a material containing ions that conducts electricity through the movement of those ions but does not conduct electrons. Most soluble salts, acids, and bases dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water, fall into this category. When the substance dissolves, it splits into cations and anions, which spread uniformly throughout the solvent. The term electrolyte refers to the substance that is dissolved in medicine and sometimes in chemistry. Such a solution is electrically neutral. When an electric potential is introduced to such a solution, the cations are pulled to the electrode with the most electrons, while the anions are drawn to the electrode with the least electrons.
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two technicians are discussing non-indicator-type ball joint inspection. technician a says that the vehicle should be on the ground with the ball joints loaded, then checked for freeplay. technician b says that the ball joints should be unloaded before checking for freeplay. which technician is correct?
Technician B is correct. Before testing for free play, the ball joints should be unloaded.
How do you know if your ball joints are failing?A vibration in the steering wheel while driving down a level, straight road, or your vehicle drifting to the right or left when going over bumps, are both signs of ball joint wear. Tires Uneven tire wear could indicate that your ball joints are failing. Your front suspension's ball joints pivot between the steering knuckles and control arms to provide a safe, smooth ride and precise control of your vehicle. A worn ball joint will have a negative impact on your steering and suspension. If the ball joint completely fails, the steering and suspension may partially collapse, causing the wheel and tire to move outward from the vehicle.To Learn more About ball joints, Refer:
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consider that one diode in the bridge rectifier fails shorted. explain how the normal circuit operation changes. does some element overload? does the output change?
Diodes in rotating rectifiers may fail owing to Open Circuit (OC) or Short Circuit (SC), overloading the exciter and preventing the alternator from running safely. Overheating will cause damage to the Xmer or AC source delivering power to the bridge rectifier.
What happens when a diode shorts in a bridge rectifier?A direct short-circuit occurs when any one diode is damaged, which is detected by the AC power supply. Overheating will cause damage to the Xmer or AC source delivering power to the bridge rectifier.
The same symptom as in the center-tapped circuit will be displayed by an open diode in a full-wave bridge rectifier, as shown in the below figure. For the first half of the input voltage cycle, the open diode stops current from flowing through RL. Half-wave rectification is the end result, and at 60 Hz, this doubles the ripple voltage.
Diodes in rotating rectifiers may fail owing to Open Circuit (OC) or Short Circuit (SC), overloading the exciter and preventing the alternator from running safely. This is due to the aging phenomenon and continuous process regime.
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a plumbing fixtrue outlet is 18 feet above the water service line. pressure available at the water service is 80 psi. determine the change in pressure due to elevation
The change in pressure due to elevation above the water service line is 72.2 psi
Air pressure decreases as altitude increases. In other words, a higher apparent height implies a lower pressure.
That occurs for a number of reasons. Gravitation is the first cause. The gravitational of the Earth draws air as close to the surface as possible.
The intensity is the second. The amount of gas molecules in the air reduces as height increases air gets less dense than the atmosphere closer to ocean level.
The area covered by air decreases as altitude increases. As a result, lower air molecules will result in a reduction of atmospheric pressure. With height, atmospheric pressure decreases. Air pressure decreases rapidly at lower elevations at first, then more slowly as the majority of the atmosphere's molecules are held close to the earth's surface by gravity.
static head, in psi, ΔPstatic = -0.433Z = -0.433(18 ft) = -7.8 psi = 7.8 psi pressure drop
Pressure that will be is available = 80 psi - 7.8 psi = 72.2 psi
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an analog signal with a bandwidth of 36mhz is sampled at a frequency (fs) of 36,000,000 samples per second during the adc (analog-to-digital conversion) process. what is the outcome of the received signal after the dac (digital-to-analog conversion) process? selected answer: b. the signal will not experience aliasing answers: a. the signal will have experienced aliasing b. the signal will not experience aliasing c. the signal will perfectly represent the original pre-adc analog signal d. none of the above describes the outcome
The signal will have experienced aliasing after the dac (digital-to-analog conversion) process.
What do you mean by signal?
A signal is any time-varying voltage, current, or electromagnetic wave that transmits information in electronics and telecommunications.
Given, the bandwidth of the signal [tex]f_{m}[/tex]= 36MHz
= 36 × 10⁶ Hz
The sampling frequency f₈ = 36 × 10⁶ Hz
If the sampling frequency is equal to the signal's bandwidth, aliasing will occur.
According to the Nyquist requirements, a repeating waveform can be successfully reconstructed if the sampling frequency is greater than twice the highest frequency to be recorded.
∴According to Nyquist criterion, for flawless reconstruction of an original signal, i.e. without aliasing effect;
Then, f₈ ≥ 2[tex]f_m[/tex]
So, A is the right answer.
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the wind velocity on the upstream side of a wind turbine is 5.2 m/s. if the turbine extracts 31% of the available kinetic energy, what is the wind velocity on the downstream side of the turbine in m/s? please include one decimal place in your answer.
The wind velocity on the downstream side of the turbine in 4.3 m/s.
What do you mean by wind velocity?
Wind velocity is the wind speed measured at 2 metres above ground at pedestrian level. It is an air ventilation metric that has a direct impact on outdoor thermal comfort. It has been demonstrated that urban morphology or building coverage adversely affects air ventilation.
Given, wind veloocity on upstream, V= 5.2m/s
Proportion of kinetic energy extraction= 31%
=31/100
=0.31
As we know that,
kinetic energy=1/2mv²
=1/2m×(5.2)²
=13.52m-------(1)
where, m= mass, v= velocity
Remaining kinetic energy on downstream
=13.52m×(1-0.31)
=9.3288m
Now, velocity at downstream= 1/2mu²
⇒9.3288m=1/2mu²
⇒u²=(9.3288×2×m)/m
⇒u=√19.6576
=4.3194444
Therefore, velocity at downsteam ≅ 4.3m/s
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sand a has a fineness modulus of 2.5 and sand b a fineness modulus of 2.95. everything else being equal, which sand will require a greater water content when used in concrete?
For lower water cement ratio high value of fineness modulus should be adopted and for higher water cement ratio low value of fineness modulus should be preferred
therefore in this situation the sand A has low fineness modulus than sand B so sand A will require more water and sand B will require less water when used in concrete.
Although fineness modulus is inversely proportional to water requirement.
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The artisan makes a batch of pillows on Monday and makes x more pillows on Tuesday to sell at the convention.
The expression 6(12+x) represents the total amount of time, in hours, the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
Which statement about (12+x) is true?
Responses
The expression (12+x) is a factor that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression ( 12 + x ) is a factor that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression (12+x) is a factor that represents the total number of hours the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression ( 12 + x ) is a factor that represents the total number of hours the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression (12+x) is a constant that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression ( 12 + x ) is a constant that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression (12+x) is a constant that represents the total number of hours the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
The expression ( 12 + x ) is a constant that represents the total number of hours the artisan spends making pillows on Monday and Tuesday.
The statement about (12+x) that is true is that A.The expression (12+x) is a factor that represents the total number of pillows the artisan makes on Monday and Tuesday.
What is an expression?An expression is simply used to show the relationship between the numbers or variables illustrated.
In this case, the artisan makes a batch of pillows on Monday and makes x more pillows on Tuesday to sell at the convention.
Here, (12 + x) is a common factor that illustrates the number relating to the pillows.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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steel wire, 3.2 m long, has a diameter of 1.2 mm. the wire stretches 1.6 mm when it bears a load. young's modulus for steel is . the mass of the load is closest to:
The young's modulus for steel is 2.83k x 10⁶ Pa.
We need to know about Hooke's Law to solve this problem. Hooke's Law describes the force applied to spring (elastic materials) will proportional to the spring constant and displacement under the elastic condition. It can be described as
F = k . ΔL
where F is force, k is spring constant and ΔL is displacement.
As we know that the modulus of young can represent the elasticity of the material. The young modulus can be written as
Y = σ / ε
where Y is young's modulus, σ is stress and ε is strain.
From the question above, we know that
L = 3.2 m
d = 1.2 mm
r = 0.0006 m
ΔL = 1.6 mm = 0.0016 m
Find the surface area
A = π . r²
A = π . 0.0006²
A = 3.6π x 10¯⁷ m²
Find the young's modulus
Y = σ / ε
Y = (F/A) / (ΔL/L)
Y = (k.ΔL / A) / (ΔL/L)
Y = ( k . 0.0016 / 3.6π x 10¯⁷ ) / ( 0.0016 / 3.2 )
Y = 2.83k x 10⁶ Pa
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an aluminum rod needs to withstand an applied force of 45,000 pounds. the engineering stress-strain curve for the aluminum alloy is show below. to ensure safety, the maximum allowable stress is limited to 25,000 psi, which is below the yield strength of aluminum. the rod is 150 in long and must deform elastically no more than 0.25 in when the force is applied. what is the minimum diameter (in inches) of the rod with a round cross section?
The minimum diameter (in inches) of the rod with a round cross section is 1.3541 in.
What do you mean by diameter?
A diameter of a circle is any straight line segment which passes through the centre of the circle and has endpoints on the circle in geometry. It is also known as the circle's longest chord. Both definitions apply to the diameter of a sphere.
Maximum allowable strers = 25,000psi
Length= 150 in
deform= 0.25 in
Strain= Δl/L = 0.25/150
Strain = 1·666X10⁻³
Stresr/ Strain = modulus of Elasticity
Stresr= 1.6666×10⁻³ ×10000×10³
Stresr= 16666 PSi
Stresr= force/area
Area= 45000/16666
Area= 2.700 in²
Area= π/4 D²
2070= π/4 D²
D= 1.3541 in
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in large compressors, the gas is often cooled while being compressed to reduce the power consumed by the compressor. explain how cooling the gas during a compression process reduces the power consumption.
The way cooling the gas during a compression process reduces power consumption can be done by steady flow devices.
Cooling the compressor coils lower the bloodless sink temperature of the thermodynamic cycle that the gadget operates on. This complements performance with the aid of using improving the distinction between the temperature of the warmth supply and that of the bloodless sink. Since compression generates heat, the compressed gas desires to be cooled among stages, making the compression much less adiabatic and more isothermal. When intermediate cooling is determined out of the gas at some stage in compression then it decreases gas-unique quantity as a result electricity intake of the compressor is lower.
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air at the beginning of a compression process of a cold air-standard otto cycle is at a pressure of 1bar, temperature of 290k, and volume of 400 cm3. the maximum cycle temperature is 2200 k and the compression ratio is 8. find: a. heat addition (in kj) b. thermal efficiency c. mean effective pressure (in kpa) d. exergy change during heat addition, e3-e2
The maximum cycle temperature and the compression ratio exists equal to 8.
What is meant by thermal efficiency?The thermal efficiency of a device, such as an internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, air conditioners, etc. that consumes thermal energy is a dimensionless performance metric in thermodynamics.
Thermal efficiency (also known as the coefficient of performance) for a heat engine is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; for a heat pump, it is the ratio of the net heat output (for heating) or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy intake (external work).
The pressure temperature and volume at point 1 are equal to:
P1 = 1 bar = 100 kPa
T1 = 290 K
V1 = 400 cm³ = 0.0004 m³
The maximum cycle temperature and the compression ratio are equal to:
T3 = 2200 K
r = V1 / V9 = 8
Therefore, the maximum cycle temperature and the compression ratio are equal to 8.
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Which of the following is usually performed by a scientist even though it is not considered a formal step in the scientific method?
A. communicate results
B. catalog information
C. discard data
D. withhold findings
A step which is usually performed by a scientist even though it is not considered a formal step in the scientific method is: D. withhold findings.
The steps of a scientific method.In Science, an effective and efficient way to follow the scientific method during a research work include the following:
Make observations.Ask questions.Construct a hypothesis.Test the hypothesis with an investigation.Analyze the data.Explain the result.Communicate the result.In conclusion, some scientist are guilty of withholding their findings even though it is not considered as being a formal step in the scientific method.
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an alternator has zero output. technician a says that the alternator field circuit may have an open circuit. technician b says that the fusible link may be open in the alternator to battery wire. which technician is correct?
Option a is correct.
Fusible link is used to absorb the overload current passing through the circuit to avoid damages to the circuit. In this case if the fusible link is open, the overload current may have reached and due to which the circuit has been damaged but given that the output is zero which means no current is flowing through the circuit.
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a round reinforcing bar constructed from cold-rolled steel and 320 mm long is required to support a tensile load of 65 kn. determine the minimum cross-sectional area if the stress cannot exceed 240 mpa or elongate more than .42 mm.
The minimum cross-sectional area if the stress cannot exceed 240 mpa will be 19mm.
What is cross-sectional area?
The cross-sectional area consequently depends on where and how that plane is crossing (intersecting) the 3-dimensional object. For example, a straight piece of (cylindrical) pipe, because once crossed by a plane perpendicular to the direction (cylindrical symmetry axis), the cross-sectional area is a circular ring; even as plane tilts along the axis, crossing iit at an angle between 90 and 0 degrees, the cross-sectional area becomes larger as well as of elliptical shape.
L=320mm=0.32m
P=65000N
бт=240×10⁶N/m²
240×10⁶> 65000/(π/4×d²) ∴бт= load/(c/s area)
∴ d= 18.57mm
∴d=19mm
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at what pressure range does the technician valve off the vacuum pump when evacuating to a deep vacuum? a. 200 to 100 microns. b. 300 to 100 microns. c. 300 to 200 microns. d. 500 to 300 microns.
The technician valve off the vacuum pump when evacuating to a deep vacuum 500 to 300 microns.
What is vacuum pump?
A vacuum pump is a piece of machinery that may force gas or air molecules into a sealed chamber to create a partial and low-pressure vacuum. A vacuum is a condition when the pressure inside the chamber is lower than the pressure outside the chamber or in nearby systems. This is distinct from an absolute vacuum, when there are no gas molecules and a pressure of 0 Pa. The force of the air pressing down on the earth, or atmospheric pressure, is one of the essential components of a vacuum pump. The weight of air molecules, which decreases at greater altitudes, produces this pressure. Machines, notably vacuum pumps, are significantly impacted by air pressure or atmospheric pressure.
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