The after-tax rate for the municipal bond is 5.18%
Given, Corporate bond yields 12% rate of return while municipal bond yield 7% rate of return. If your marginal tax rate is 26%, we have to calculate the after-tax rate for corporate bond and municipal bond. After-tax rate for corporate bond:
The formula to calculate the after-tax rate for corporate bond is: After-tax rate = (1 - tax rate) × Yield
After substituting the given values, we get
After-tax rate = (1 - 0.26) × 12
After-tax rate = 0.74 × 12
After-tax rate = 8.88
Therefore, the after-tax rate for the corporate bond is 8.88%. After-tax rate for municipal bond:
The formula to calculate the after-tax rate for municipal bond is:
After-tax rate = Yield × (1 - tax rate)
After substituting the given values, we get
After-tax rate = 7 × (1 - 0.26)
After-tax rate = 7 × 0.74
After-tax rate = 5.18
Therefore, the after-tax rate for the municipal bond is 5.18%.
As we can see, the after-tax rate for the corporate bond is more than the after-tax rate for the municipal bond. So, we would choose the corporate bond over the municipal bond.
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an adviser that charges a performance fee to clients must disclose that such a fee arrangement: a will give the adviser increased compensation based on realized and unrealized appreciation of the customer's securities b better aligns the customer's interests with those of the investment adviser c is only permitted if the customer signs a liability waiver in the advisory contract d negates the fiduciary duty that the adviser has to the customer
An adviser that charges a performance fee to clients must disclose that such a fee arrangement will give the adviser increased compensation based on realized and unrealized appreciation of the customer's securities. Therefore, option A is correct.
A performance fee is a form of compensation that an investment manager gets as a portion of investment returns generated for a client, usually only when a certain high-water mark or hurdle rate is achieved. It's also known as an incentive fee. A hurdle rate is a minimum threshold that a manager must meet before earning a performance fee.
Advisers must disclose that such a fee arrangement will give the adviser increased compensation based on realized and unrealized appreciation of the customer's securities. Investment advisers that charge customers a performance fee must provide specific disclosure to clients as per the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requirements.
Clients must be informed about how the performance fee works, how it differs from a typical asset-based advisory fee, and the potential costs to the client as a result of the performance fee's structure.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.
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Mersey Chemicals manufactures polypropylene that it ships to its customers via tank car. Currently, it plans to add two additional tank cars to its fleet four years from now. However, a proposed plant expansion will require Mersey’s transport division to add these two additional tank cars in 3 years’ time rather than in 4 years. The current cost of a tank car is $1.9 million, and this cost is expected to remain constant. Also, while tank cars will last indefinitely, they will be depreciated straight-line over a five-year life for tax purposes. Suppose Mersey’s tax rate is 40%. When evaluating the proposed expansion, what incremental free cash flows should be included to account for the need to accelerate the purchase of the tank cars.***Round 2 decimal placesIncremental FCF for year 0 =Incremental FCF for year 1=For year 2=For year 3=Year 4=Year 5=Year 6=Year 7=Year 8=Year 9=
Incremental cash flow is the extra working income that an association gets from taking on another venture. the incremental free cash flows are -$1,748,000 in year 3 and $152,000 in years 4-5.
To calculate the incremental free cash flows, we need to compare the cash flows with and without the proposed plant expansion. The relevant cash flows are:
Initial cash outflow: Mersey Chemicals will need to purchase the two additional tank cars in 3 years rather than in 4 years. This will result in an additional cash outflow of $1.9 million/(5 years) = $380,000 per year, starting in year 3.
Tax savings: Depreciating the tank cars over a 5-year life for tax purposes will generate a tax shield. The annual tax savings will be equal to the depreciation expense multiplied by the tax rate. The depreciation expense is $1.9 million / 5 years = $380,000 per year. Therefore, the annual tax savings will be $380,000 * 40% = $152,000 per year, starting in year 3.
The incremental free cash flows will be the difference between the cash flows with and without the proposed plant expansion, which is:
Year 3: -$1,900,000 initial cash outflow + $152,000 tax savings = -$1,748,000
Years 4-5: $152,000 tax savings
Therefore, the incremental free cash flows are -$1,748,000 in year 3 and $152,000 in years 4-5.
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Problem 10-05 Jackson Enterprises has the following capital (equity) accounts: Common stock ($2 par; 150,000 shares outstanding) $ 300,000
Additional paid-in capital 250,000
Retained earnings 275,000 The board of directors has declared a 25 percent stock dividend on January 1 and a $0.30 cash dividend on March 1. What changes occur in the capital accounts after each transaction if the price of the stock is $5? Round the number of shares outstanding to the nearest whole number and the other answers to the nearest dollar. The impact of the 25 percent stock dividend: Common stock ($ ____par; shares outstanding) $_____ Additional paid-in capital ______
Retained earnings ______
The impact of the $0.30 a share cash dividend: Common stock ($ _____ par; shares outstanding) $ ______
Additional paid-in capital _____
Retained earnings _____
Answer:
On January 1, the BOD declared a 20% stock dividend. Therefore, new stock to be issued as dividends
=
100
,
000
s
h
a
r
e
s
×
0.20
= 20,000 shares
Total number of shares
= 100,000 + 20,000
= 120,000 shares
Therefore,
Common stock
=
$
1
×
120
,
000
= $120,000
Additional paid-in-capital
=
E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
+
n
e
w
s
h
a
r
e
s
×
(
M
a
r
k
e
t
v
a
l
u
e
−
p
a
r
v
a
l
u
e
)
=
$
200
,
000
+
20
,
000
s
h
a
r
e
s
×
(
$
4
−
$
1
)
= $260,000
Retained earnings
=
E
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
a
m
o
u
n
t
−
(
C
a
s
h
d
i
v
i
d
e
n
d
×
t
o
t
a
l
s
h
a
r
e
s
)
=
$
225
,
000
−
(
$
0.25
×
120
,
000
)
= $225,000 - $30,000
= $195,000
Therefore,
Common stock increases by 20,000 shares after the 20% stock dividend declaration.
Additional paid-in capital increases by $60,000 after the 20% stock dividend declaration.
Retained earnings decreased by $30,000 after the $0.25 cash dividend declaration.
Hansel is a staff auditor from the audit firm Forrest and has recently heard that their client, Tasty Treat, a distributor of cookies, has started to use data analytics in their business. Hansel is very excited to hear this and shares it with the experienced auditor on the team, Gretel. Hansel expressed excitement in the use of Tasty Treat's data analytics to assist in Forrest's audit procedures. Which of the following responses would be the most appropriate from Gretel? a. This is good news. We should get a good understanding of Tasty Treat's data analytics. If the client has strong controls around the data analytics, we could have the client prepare various analyses in place of our audit procedures. b. This is good news. As auditors, we like to see that our clients are adapting best practices to help sustain and grow their business. However, we should instead hire an audit data analytics (ADA) specialist. This individual would be able to serve a large number of clients concurrently by serving as a consuitant to our various audit teams. c. This is good news. Tasty Treat is taking great measures to better understand their organization, and accordingly drive their business. Yet, we should look to train members of our audit team to have audit data analytics (ADA) knowledge or hire individuals with ADA knowledge to be part of the audit team so we can integrate the procedures throughout the audit.d. None of these answer choices are correct.
This is good news. We should get a good understanding of Tasty Treat's data analytics. If the client has strong controls around the data analytics, we could have the client prepare various analyses in place of our audit procedures.
Having a good understanding of the data analytics can help HANSEL and the audit team utilize audit data analytics (ADA) to better understand Tasty Treat's organization and drive their business. ADA knowledge can be integrated throughout the audit if audit team members are trained or hired to have ADA knowledge.
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Assume the following information:
Probability of failure consequences of failure
Maturity = .3 cost = .1
Complexity = .3 schedule = .7
Dependency = .5 performance = .5
Calculate the overall risk factor for this project. Would you assess this level of risk as low, moderate, or high? Why? Assume the following information for an it project:
Maturity = .7 cost = .9
Complexity = .7 schedule = .7
Dependency = .5 perfomance = .3
Client concerns = .5 future business = .5
Programmer skill = .3
Calculate the overall risk factor for this project. Would you assess this level of risk as low, moderate, or high? Why?
Overall risk factor: In order to calculate the overall risk factor for a project, you must first add the scores for each category.
Here, each score is out of 10, but you can use any scale you choose, such as 100, as long as the scale is consistent across all categories. The scores for each category are: Probability of failure: Maturity = 0.3, Complexity = 0.3, Dependency = 0.5 = 1.1Consequences of failure: Cost = 0.1, Schedule = 0.7, Performance = 0.5 = 1.3The overall risk factor is the product of the probability of failure and the consequences of failure, divided by the sum of the two. In this case: Overall risk factor = (1.1 x 1.3) / (1.1 + 1.3) = 0.57, which can be rounded up to 0.6.Therefore, the risk level is moderate for this project. This is because the overall risk factor falls between 0.5 and 0.7, which is considered moderate risk.
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This translates a grand strategy into strategic action designed to achieve specific annual
objective.
a.Marketing Strategies
b.Annual Plan
c.Objectives
d.Functional strategy
The annual plan translates a grand strategy into strategic action designed to achieve specific annual objectives. The correct option among the given options is b. annual plan.
What is an annual plan?An annual plan is a comprehensive and well-crafted document that outlines an organization's strategic objectives, its key goals, and the approaches and tactics it will use to achieve those objectives. An annual plan is a strategic document that outlines the goals, objectives, and initiatives that a company will take to achieve its objectives. It outlines the specific measures that a business will take to achieve its objectives, as well as the key performance indicators that will be used to measure success.
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Question - Identify a person to interview. This can be a friend, family member, colleague etc. You can talk to a cashier, a manager, a business owner, etc. and interview him in respect to your assigned OB topic "Conflict".
Note:The assigned Organizational behavior topic for the question above is "Conflict".Please consider yourself a interviewee and me a interviewer and answer the questions mentioned below from a professional perspective and in respect to conflict.
• How does your team engage in conflict (is it win-lose; compromising; win win etc)
• Is the conflict style heathy? Please explain.
• What would you change about how team members engage in conflict?
• How do you deal with a Conflict in your organization
• Is Conflict resolution necessary for the growth of a Organization
•Explain a situation when you had a conflict at work and how you handled it.
•How do you handle disagreements when working as part of a team? Provide an example.
•Explain a situation when you disagreed with your boss and how you handled it.
• When is it important as a leader or superior to intervene in a conflict.
• You’ve noticed that a team member is aggressive or arrogant toward the rest of the team. How would you approach this person?
The person I would interview regarding the assigned Organizational Behavior topic of conflict is a manager.
When it comes to engaging in conflict, the team I am managing typically adopts a win-win approach. We look to find a resolution that is beneficial for both sides, so that everyone is able to come away with something.
The conflict style is generally healthy as we strive to find a mutually beneficial outcome, while also taking into consideration the feelings and views of all parties involved.
If I could change one thing about how team members engage in conflict, it would be to encourage more honest communication and collaboration between all involved parties. This would help to ensure that the issue at hand is addressed in the most productive and effective way possible.
When dealing with conflict in my organization, I look to understand the situation from both sides and strive to find a resolution that is satisfactory for all involved.
I ensure that everyone’s voice is heard and respected throughout the process, as well as make sure that any potential biases or judgments are taken out of the equation.
Conflict resolution is essential for the growth of an organization, as it helps to foster collaboration and trust between team members. It also allows for problem solving and creative solutions to be implemented.
One situation I had a conflict at work was when a colleague disagreed with my point of view on a project.
I handled it by having a respectful conversation with them, in which I listened to their point of view and allowed them to explain their reasoning. We then discussed possible solutions and worked together to come up with a resolution that we both felt comfortable with.
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Economies of scale mean that firms can be so large they can ___ and limit competition.
A) have better marketing campaigns
B) produce at a higher cost
C) produce at a lower cost
D) get major exemptions from the government
The correct option is D. Economies of scale mean that firms can be so large they can get major exemptions from the government and limit competition.
Due to production efficiency, businesses achieve economies of scale, which are cost advantages. For businesses to attain economies of scale, production must increase and costs must decrease. This occurs as a result of the cost being spread across a wider variety of goods. The existence of both variable and fixed costs is plausible.
Businesses profit financially from economies of scale as production is becoming more productive since expenses can be spread across a greater variety of products.
Size affects a company's ability to take advantage of economies of scale; larger companies will create more products while preserving more money. Economies of scale might be internal or external. Internal economies are influenced by circumstances within a certain firm, whereas external reasons have had an effect on every industry.
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about 1.1 swiss franc (chf) can be bought on the open market for 1 usd. if the swiss gdp is 80,000 chf, what is its value in usd? round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
To convert the Swiss GDP from CHF to USD, follow these steps:
1. Note the exchange rate: 1 USD = 1.1 CHF
2. Write down the Swiss GDP: 80,000 CHF
3. Divide the Swiss GDP by the exchange rate to find the value in USD: 80,000 CHF ÷ 1.1 = 72,727.27 USD
So, the Swiss GDP value in USD is approximately $72,727.27.
Explanation:
1.1 Swiss franc (CHF) can be purchased for 1 USD.
The Swiss GDP is 80,000 CHF.Now we need to find the value of the Swiss GDP in USD.
To find the value of the Swiss GDP in USD, we can use the following formula:
Value of Swiss GDP in USD = Swiss GDP × exchange rate
We have been given the exchange rate which is 1.1 CHF per USD, and the Swiss GDP is 80,000 CHF, we can use these values in the formula to find the value of the Swiss GDP in USD.
The value of Swiss GDP in USD = 80,000 CHF × 1.1 CHF/USD= 72,727.27 USD
Therefore, the value of the Swiss GDP in USD is 88,000 USD.
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Recording Depreciation with a Change in Depreciation Method Pier Exports purchases equipment on January 1, 2018, at a cost of $82,500. The company estimates that there will be no salvage value and that the equipment will have a useful life of 10 years. The company elects to use the double-declining-balance method until 2021, at which time the company changes to the straight-line method of depreciation for the equipment. Required Prepare the depreciation entry for 2021. Note: Round your final answer to the nearest whole number. Account Name Dr. cr. Date Dec. 31, 2021
Depreciation entry for 2021:
Account Name Dr. Cr.
Date Dec. 31, 2021
Depreciation Expense $6,034
Accumulated Depreciation $6,034
To prepare the depreciation entry for 2021, we need to calculate the depreciation expense for the year.
Here are the steps to do so:
1. Calculate the depreciation expense for the first three years using the double-declining-balance method:
Depreciation expense for 2018 = $82,500 × 2/10 = $16,500
Depreciation expense for 2019 = ($82,500 - $16,500) × 2/10 = $13,200
Depreciation expense for 2020 = ($82,500 - $16,500 - $13,200) × 2/10 = $10,560
2. Calculate the book value of the equipment at the end of 2020:
Book value at the end of 2020
= $82,500 - $16,500 - $13,200 - $10,560
= $42,240
3. Calculate the remaining useful life of the equipment at the end of 2020:
Remaining useful life at the end of 2020
= 10 years - 3 years
= 7 years
4. Calculate the depreciation expense for 2021 using the straight-line method:
Depreciation expense for 2021
= $42,240 / 7 years
= $6,034
5. Prepare the depreciation entry for 2021:
Account Name Dr. Cr.
Date Dec. 31, 2021
Depreciation Expense $6,034
Accumulated Depreciation $6,034
Note: The final answer is rounded to the nearest whole number.
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Interest rates on 4-year Treasury securities are currently 6.7%, while 6-year Treasury securities yield 7.25%. If the pure expectations theory is correct, what does the market believe that 2-year securities will be yielding 4 years from now?
According to the pure expectations theory, the market expects that 2-year Treasury securities will be yielding approximately 7.85% in 4 years' time.
How to Calculate the Yield according to Pure Expectations Theory?According to the pure expectations theory, the yield on a long-term bond is the geometric average of the yields on a sequence of shorter-term bonds.
Using this theory, we can solve for the expected yield on 2-year Treasury securities in 4 years' time, which we'll call Y.
First, we can calculate the expected yield on a 2-year Treasury security today using the 6.7% yield on 4-year Treasuries and the 7.25% yield on 6-year Treasuries:
(1 + Y)^2 = (1 + 0.067) * (1 + 0.0725)^2
Solving for Y, we get:
Y = 0.0785 or 7.85%
Therefore, according to the pure expectations theory, the market expects that 2-year Treasury securities will be yielding approximately 7.85% in 4 years' time.
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When you retire you want to have enough money in your retirement account to generate an annual income of $100,000 per year and you expect to live for 15 years after you retire. You won’t be able to put any more into the account after you retire. If the annual rate of return you expect to earn on the balance in the account is 10 percent, how much will you need to have at the time you retire?
Suppose you are getting a loan from a bank to purchase a feed business. The interest rate on the loan is 8 percent, the amount of the loan is $1,000,000. The loan is for 15 years. The bank is charging you $80,000 for the loan in cash on the day of closing, what is the APR?
Calculate the annual payment of a $65,000 tractor on a five year note given a 8 percent interest rate compounded annually.
Given the problem above calculate the amortization schedule for the loan for all five years.
Year Beginning Bal. Payment Principal Interest Ending Balance
1
2
3
4
5
Given Problem 3 above, what would the payoff (remaining balance) be after three years with an 8 percent interest rate on the loan?
In response to the first question, in order to generate an annual income of $100,000 per year for 15 years after you retire, you would need to have a balance of $2,152,994.08 in your retirement account at the time of retirement. This can be calculated by using the formula: A = P * (1 + r/n)^nt, where A is the future value, P is the principal amount, r is the annual rate of return, and n is the number of times the rate of return is compounded each year.
In response to the second question, the APR (Annual Percentage Rate) of the loan is 8.895%. This can be calculated using the formula APR = [r(1 + r)^n]/[(1 + r)^n - 1] * 12, where r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods in a year.
In response to the third question, the annual payment of the $65,000 tractor on a five year note given an 8 percent interest rate compounded annually would be $13,481.41. This can be calculated using the formula A = P * [r(1 + r)^n]/[(1 + r)^n - 1], where A is the annual payment, P is the principal amount, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods in a year.
In response to the fourth question, the amortization schedule for the loan for all five years would be as follows:
Year Beginning Bal. Payment Principal Interest Ending Balance
1 $65,000 $1,106.76 $906.76 $2,093.25 $63,893.25
2 $63,893.25 $1,106.76 $905.37 $2,091.39 $62,787.88
3 $62,787.88 $1,106.76 $903.49 $2,089.27 $61,678.61
4 $61,678.61 $1,106.76 $901.21 $2,086.95 $60,565.66
5 $60,565.66 $1,106.76 $898.55 $2,084.50 $59,449.16
In response to the fifth question, the payoff (remaining balance) after three years with an 8 percent interest rate on the loan would be $62,787.88. This can be calculated by subtracting the principal amount paid in the first three years from the principal amount of the loan.
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Empire Electric Company (EEC) uses only debt and common equity. It can borrow unlimited amounts at an interest rate of rd = 9% as long as it finances at its target capital structure, which calls for 35% debt and 65% common equity. Its required rate of return is 15%. EEC’s tax rate is 40%. Calculate EEC’s weighted average cost of capital. Show calculations.
Empire Electric Company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 11.76%.
To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Empire Electric Company, we need to first calculate the cost of debt and the cost of equity, and then weight them based on the target capital structure.
Cost of debt:
rd = 9%
tax rate = 40%
After-tax cost of debt = rd x (1 - tax rate) = 9% x (1 - 0.4) = 5.4%
Cost of equity:
re = required rate of return = 15%
We can use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to calculate the cost of equity:
re = rf + beta x (rm - rf)
where:
rf = risk-free rate = assume 3%
beta = beta coefficient = assume 1.2
rm = market risk premium = assume 8%
re = 3% + 1.2 x 8% = 12.6%
Weighted average cost of capital:
wd = weight of debt = 35%
we = weight of equity = 65%
WACC = wd x cost of debt + we x cost of equity
WACC = 0.35 x 5.4% + 0.65 x 12.6%
WACC = 3.57% + 8.19%
WACC = 11.76%
Therefore, Empire Electric Company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 11.76%.
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which of the following occurs as investment becomes more responsive to changes in the interest rate? responses monetary policy becomes more effective at changing real gross domestic product. monetary policy becomes more effective at changing real gross domestic product. fiscal policy becomes more effective at changing real gross domestic product. fiscal policy becomes more effective at changing real gross domestic product. monetary policy becomes more effective at changing interest rates. monetary policy becomes more effective at changing interest rates. fiscal policy becomes more effective at changing interest rates. fiscal policy becomes more effective at changing interest rates. there is no change in the effectiveness of either monetary or fiscal policy.
The following that occurs as Investment becomes more responsive to changes in the interest rate is monetary policy becomes more effective at changing real gross domestic product. The correct option is b.
A nation's overall money supply is managed by monetary policy, which also aims to promote economic growth. Interest rate changes and adjustments to bank reserve requirements are examples of monetary policy strategies. It is usual to categorise monetary policy as either expansionary or restrictive.
The Federal Reserve frequently employs the discount rate, open market operations, and reserve requirements as its three primary monetary policy tools. Depending on how much the economy is growing or stagnating, monetary policies are viewed as either expansionary or contractionary.
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Agnes earns $25,000 as salary. His deductions include a tax of $3,400 and medical expenses of $1,250. He also receives a travel allowance of $1,050. What will be his net pay?
As a result of the computation, Agnes' net compensation is $21,400.
What exactly is a travel allowance?A travel allowance is a payment made by an employer to an employee to cover the costs associated with traveling for work purposes. It is a reimbursement or an advance payment for expenses such as transportation, lodging, meals, and other incidental expenses that the employee may incur while traveling for business.
To calculate Agnes's net pay, we need to subtract his deductions from his gross pay (salary + allowances):
Gross pay = salary + allowances
Gross pay = $25,000 + $1,050
Gross pay = $26,050
Deductions = tax + medical expenses
Deductions = $3,400 + $1,250
Deductions = $4,650
Net pay = gross pay - deductions
Net pay = $26,050 - $4,650
Net pay = $21,400
Therefore, Agnes's net pay is $21,400.
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Last year Minden Company introduced a new product and sold 16,000 units of it at a price of
$72
per unit. The product's variable expenses are
$42
per unit and its fixed expenses are
$525,000
per year. Required: 1. What was this product's net operating income (loss) last year? 2. What is the product's break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales? 3. Assume the company has conducted a marketing study that estimates it can increase annual sales of this product by 5,000 units for each
$2
reduction in its selling price. If the company will only consider price reductions in increments of
$2
(e.g.,
$70,$68
, etc.), what is the maximum annual profit that it can earn on this product? What sales volume and selling pric per unit generate the maximum profit? 4. What would be the break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales using the selling price that you determined in requirement 3 ? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Assume the company has conducted a marketing study that estimates it can increase annual sales of this product by 5,000 units for each
$2
reduction in its selling price. If the company will only consider price reductions in increments of
$2
(e.g.,
$68,$66
, etc.), what is the maximum annual profit that it can earn on this product? What sales volume and selling price per unit generate the maximum profit? Last year Minden Company introduced a new product and sold 16,000 units of it at a price of
$72
per unit. The product's variable expenses are
$42
per unit and its fixed expenses are
$525,000
per year. Required: 1. What was this product's net operating income (loss) last year? 2. What is the product's break-even point in unit sales and dollar sales? 3. Assume the company has conducted a marketing study that estimates it can increase annual sales of this product by 5,000 units for each
$2
reduction in its selling price. If the company will only consider price reductions in increments of
$2
(e.g.,
$70,$68
, etc.), what is the maximum annual profit that it can earn on this product? What sales volume and selling price per unit generate the maximum profit? 4. What would be the break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales using the selling price that you determined in requirement 3 ? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. What would be the break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales using the selling price that you determined in requirement 3 ? (Do not round intermediate
1. The product's net operating loss last year was $45,000.
2. Break-even point in dollar sales is $1,260,000
3. The maximum annual profit is $705,000.
4. Break-even point in dollar sales is $1,632,500.
How did we get these values?1. Net operating income (loss) last year:
Revenue = 16,000 units × $72 = $1,152,000
Total variable expenses = 16,000 units × $42 = $672,000
Contribution margin = Revenue - Total variable expenses = $480,000
Net operating income = Contribution margin - Fixed expenses = $480,000 - $525,000 = -$45,000
Therefore, the product's net operating loss last year was $45,000.
2. Break-even point:
Contribution margin per unit = $72 - $42 = $30
Break-even point in unit sales = Fixed expenses ÷ Contribution margin per unit = $525,000 ÷ $30 = 17,500 units
Break-even point in dollar sales = Break-even point in unit sales × Selling price per unit = 17,500 units × $72 = $1,260,000
3. Maximum annual profit:
For every $2 reduction in selling price, sales increase by 5,000 units. This means that each additional 5,000 units sold generates an additional contribution margin of $30 × 5,000 = $150,000. The company will consider price reductions in increments of $2, so the maximum reduction in selling price would be $10 (5 reductions of $2 each).
Assuming that the company can sell an additional 25,000 units (5 reductions of $2 each), the total contribution margin would be $480,000 + ($150,000 × 5) = $1,230,000. This would occur if the selling price per unit is reduced to $62.
Therefore, the maximum annual profit is $1,230,000 - $525,000 = $705,000.
The sales volume and selling price per unit that generate the maximum profit are 41,000 units and $62, respectively.
4. Break-even point using the selling price determined in requirement 3:
Contribution margin per unit = $62 - $42 = $20
Break-even point in unit sales = Fixed expenses ÷ Contribution margin per unit = $525,000 ÷ $20 = 26,250 units
Break-even point in dollar sales = Break-even point in unit sales × Selling price per unit = 26,250 units × $62 = $1,632,500.
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13. (Calculating financial ratios) The balance sheet and income statement for the J. P. Robard Mfg. Company are as follows: Calculate the following ratios:
Current ratio Operating return on assets
Times interest earned Debt ratio
Inventory turnover Average collection period
Total asset turnover Fixed asset turnover
Operating profit margin Return on equity
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Part 1
The company's current ratio is ______ (Round to two decimal places.)
We divide current assets by current liabilities to get the current ratio.
The company has a current ratio of 1.93, which is rounded to the nearest two decimal places. Current assets equal $580,000, current liabilities equal $180,000, and current ratio equals $580,000 / $300,000 = 1.93. Current assets equal $200,000, $240,000, and $140,000, respectively.
What are Current Liabilities?A company's current liabilities are debts or obligations that it is expected to pay off within a year or its operating cycle, whichever comes first. They include things like accounts payable, accrued expenses, taxes due, and short-term debt, and they represent the portion of a company's total liabilities that are due in the near future.
Current liabilities include the following:
Payments to be made: credit-card-purchased goods or services-related debt to suppliers.Charges accrued: salaries, interest, and rent, among other expenses, that have been incurred but have not yet been paid for.Taxes to be paid: owed to the government in income taxes.Transient obligation: Bank loans and commercial paper, for example, are examples of upcoming debt.To know more about Current Liabilities, visit:
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When computing WACC, you should use the: pretax cost of debt because it is the actual rate the firm is paying bondholders. Current yield because it is based on the current market price of debt. Pretax cost of debt because most corporations pay taxes at the same tax rate. Pretax yield to maturity because it considers the current market price of debt. Aftertax cost of debt because interest is tax deductible
In the following question, among the given options, When computing WACC, you should use the (E.)-" Aftertax cost of debt because interest is tax deductible"
When computing the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), it is appropriate to use the after-tax cost of debt because interest payments are tax-deductible. This means that the effective cost of borrowing is reduced by the tax savings. Therefore, the after-tax cost of debt reflects the true cost of borrowing to the firm.
The formula for calculating WACC is:
WACC = (E/V) * Re + (D/V) * Rd * (1 - Tc)
Where:
E = market value of the firm's equity
D = market value of the firm's debt
V = total market value of the firm (E + D)
Re = cost of equity
Rd = after-tax cost of debt
Tc = corporate tax rate
Therefore, in order to calculate the WACC accurately, it is important to use the after-tax cost of debt.
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An investor with a degree of risk aversion of 4 (A=4) is trying to form a complete portfolio by investing in a risky asset with an expected rate of return of 16.6% and a standard deviation of 25%, and a T-bill that pays 3%. He could achieve the highest utility if he allocates ____ % of his money to the risky asset. (Please round your answer to the closest 2nd decimal place and note that 0.2512 should be expressed as 25.12%).
________________
He could achieve the highest utility if he allocates 75.89% of his money to the risky asset.
What's utility of an investorThe utility of an investor is measured by his degree of risk aversion. The higher the degree of risk aversion, the lower is the risk an investor is willing to take on. The utility of an investor is a measure of how much he values the return he receives from investing.The investor can achieve the highest utility if he allocates 75.89% of his money to the risky asset. Therefore, the answer is 75.89%.
Therefore, the investor should allocate 75.89% of his money to the risky asset, and the remaining 24.11% of his money to the T-bill.
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Question 2 (27 marks) LMN Enterprises manufactures three products. All the three products require a finishing that is performed with machine A1. In the period under consideration there is only 27000 minutes of machine A1 available. The products are packed in boxes that contain 100 units of each. The boxes are considered to represent a unit of production. The following information has also been made available: Additional information: 1. The demand for product L is unlimited and there are no contractual orders. 2. A regular customer has contracted LMN to supply 200 units of product M per week. If more units of M are produced above the 200 , there is a ready a market. 3. Product N is manufactured for a specific customer that requires 150 units per week. It is company policy to charge the same profit margin of 10% on all the products they produce. Page 12 of 17 FACULTY OF COMMERCE, MANAGEMENT AND LAW OLD CURRICULUM MODULES The production manager has approached you to assist him in determining the mix of the products that would minimize costs for LMN given the constraints they face.
The pivot element is the coefficient of y in the s2 row, which is 1.
Formulation of the Linear Programming Model:Let x, y, and z be the number of boxes of products L, M, and N produced, respectively.
The objective is to minimize the total cost of production, which is:
Total Cost = 40x + 55y + 80z
Subject to the following constraints:
The available time on machine A1 is limited to 27,000 minutes, which means the total time used by the three products cannot exceed 27,000 minutes:
0.25x + 0.5y + z ≤ 27,000/60
Product M has a minimum production requirement of 200 boxes per week:
y ≥ 200/100 = 2
Step 2/4
Product N has a fixed customer order of 150 boxes per week:
z = 150/100 = 1.5
All variables must be non-negative:
x, y, z ≥ 0
2.2 Construction of the Extended Model:
To construct the extended model, we introduce slack variables s1 and s2 to the constraints that involve y and z, respectively, and we convert the constraints into equations:
0.25x + 0.5y + z + s1 = 27,000/60
y - 2 + s2 = 0
z - 1.5 = 0
The objective function and the constraints can be represented in matrix form as follows:
Step 3/4
Minimize: Z = 40x + 55y + 80z + 0s1 + 0s2
Subject to:
0.25x + 0.5y + z + s1 = 450
y - 2 + s2 = 0
z - 1.5 = 0
x, y, z, s1, s2 ≥ 0
2.3 Simplex Tableau and Identification of Key Column and Key Row:
The initial simplex tableau for the extended model is:
CB | x | y | z | s1 | s2 | RHS |
0 | 40 | 55 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
s1 | 0.25| 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 450 |
s2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
s3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 |
The columns correspond to the variables x, y, z, s1, and s2, in that order. The rows correspond to the objective function, the three constraints, and the RHS (right-hand side) values, in that order.
Step 4/4
To identify the key column, we look for the most negative coefficient in the objective row, which corresponds to variable y in this case. Therefore, y is the entering variable.
To identify the key row, we compute the ratios of the RHS values to the coefficients of y in each constraint, and we choose the constraint with the smallest positive ratio, which corresponds to s2 in this case. Therefore, s2 is the leaving variable.
Final answer
The pivot element is the coefficient of y in the s2 row, which is 1. Therefore, we use row operations to make this element equal to 1 and to make all other elements in the y column equal to 0:
R2 ÷ 1 → R2
R1 - 0.5R2 → R1
R3 - R2 → R
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QUESTION 4 In establishing a facility cost pool, the following budgeted costs for the year were included; Utilities to Heat the Building $250,000 Janitorial Services and Supplies $ 50,000 Building Maintenance $100,000 The company decides to calculate the predetermined overhead rate using budgeted Direct Labor Hours of 20,000 hours for the year.
What is the predetermined overhead rate the company will use for this cost pool?
A. $20 per Direct Labor Hour B. $20 per machine hour C. $20 per square foot D. $200 per Direct Labor Hour
The predetermined overhead rate that the company will use for the cost pool is $20 per direct labor hour. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
The total cost of the facility cost pool
= Utilities to Heat the Building + Janitorial Services and Supplies + Building Maintenance
= $250,000 + $50,000 + $100,000
= $400,000
Predetermined overhead rate
= Total cost of the facility cost pool ÷ Budgeted direct labor hours
= $400,000 ÷ 20,000 hours
= $20 per direct labor hour
Therefore, the company will use a predetermined overhead rate of $20 per direct labor hour for this cost pool (option A).
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when the economy expands, which of the following is true? a income tax receipts will rise but sales tax revenues will remain the same. b income tax receipts will stay the same unless the government changes the tax rates. c income tax receipts and sales tax revenues will both rise. d income tax receipts and sales tax revenues will both fall. e income tax receipts will fall but sales tax revenues will rise.
When the economy expands, income tax receipts and sales tax revenues will both rise. This is one of the possible results that occur when the economy expands.
When an economy expands, it implies that there is a growth or increase in its overall level of production. This can result in increased GDP, more jobs, higher wages, increased investment, and other economic improvements.
As a result, the government can increase its tax revenue from taxes such as income tax and sales tax. Income tax receipts and sales tax revenues will both rise because, as the economy grows, there will be more people earning a higher income, which leads to more people falling into a higher tax bracket.
Consequently, more tax is paid by these individuals. Sales tax, on the other hand, increases when there is more spending, as this leads to an increase in goods and services sold. With an economy that expands, there is a higher level of spending, which leads to an increase in sales tax revenue.
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QUESTION 22Selecting, the time, date and location of your campaign is a(n) …ObjectiveStrategyTactic1 pointsQUESTION 23LIDL, (an established German furniture retailer like IKEA) is planning to launch its first flag ship store in North York in 2021. Their target audience are Urban Millennials with a House Hold Income of $50,000+, who own or rent an apartment or condominium. As LIDL’s marketing manager, your most effective strategy would be to …Broadcast a 30 second commercial TV spot on Hockey Night in CanadaPurchase a database of potential urban millennials customers living in North York and then direct mail them a store catalogue which highlights their products.Purchase a full page ad in the National edition of the Globe and MailBuy 30 second TV ads on HGTV’s popular show the Property Brothers1 points
Selecting the time, date, and location of your campaign is a tactic. LIDL's most effective strategy would be to purchase a database of potential urban millennials customers living in North York and then direct mail them a store catalog, which highlights their products.
Explanation: The HTML formatted question states that selecting the time, date, and location of a campaign is a tactic. Tactics are used to make a marketing strategy more effective. Tactics are the actions that are taken to achieve the objectives of a marketing strategy.
For the second question, LIDL's marketing manager's most effective strategy would be to purchase a database of potential urban millennials customers living in North York and then direct mail them a store catalog, which highlights their products.
This is because LIDL is launching its first flagship store in North York in 2021, and it aims to attract urban millennials who own or rent an apartment or condominium and have a household income of $50,000+.
Thus, this would be an effective way of targeting the audience and providing them with the catalog so that they can easily find what they are looking for.
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The following table lists the components needed to assemble an end item, lead times (in weeks), and quantities on hand. Item Lead Time Amount on Hand Direct Components End 1 0 L(2), C(1), K(3) L 1 7 B(2), J(3) C 2 17 G(2), B(2) K 2 22 H(4), B(2) B 1 27 J 2 32 G 2 5 H 2 0 Click here for the Excel Data File a. If 43 units of the end item are to be assembled, how many additional units of B are needed? (Hint: You don’t need to develop an MRP plan.) b. An order for the end item is scheduled to be shipped at the start of week 8. What is the latest week that the order can be started and still be ready to ship on time? (Hint: You don’t need to develop an MRP plan.)
A) We need 231 additional units of B to produce 43 units of the end item.
From the bill of materials, we know that each unit of End 1 requires 2 units of L, 1 unit of C, and 3 units of K. Therefore, to produce 43 units of End 1, we will require:
2 x 43 = 86 units of L
1 x 43 = 43 units of C
3 x 43 = 129 units of K
From the bill of materials, we can see that to produce 129 units of K, we require 2 units of B for every unit of K. Therefore, we will require:
2 x 129 = 258 units of B
We also know that we currently have 27 units of B on hand. Therefore, we will need an additional:
258 - 27 = 231 units of B
B) The latest week that we can start ordering components is the start of week 4 (the lead time for the component with the longest lead time, H). If we order everything at the latest possible moment, we will have all the required components by the start of week 8, and we can assemble and ship the end item on time.
To determine the latest week that the order for the end item can be started and still be ready to ship on time, we need to consider the lead times and the available inventory.
The lead time for the End 1 item is zero weeks, meaning that once we have all the required components, we can assemble it immediately. Therefore, we need to determine the latest week that we can start ordering the required components so that we have everything we need by the start of week 8.
Looking at the available inventory, we can see that we currently have:
- 7 units of L, with a lead time of 1 week
- 27 units of B, with a lead time of 1 week
- 17 units of G, with a lead time of 2 weeks
- 22 units of H, with a lead time of 4 weeks
- 32 units of J, with a lead time of 2 weeks
To calculate when we need to start ordering components, we need to work backwards from the start of week 8. If the lead time for a component is n weeks, we need to order it no later than the start of week 8 - n. For example, if a component has a lead time of 2 weeks, we need to order it no later than the start of week 6.
Using this logic, we can calculate the latest week that we can start ordering each component:
- L: Order by start of week 7
- C: Order by start of week 7
- K: Order by start of week 6
- B: Order by start of week 7
- J: Order by start of week 6
- G: Order by start of week 5
- H: Order by start of week 4
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Identify the four elements of entrepreneurship, and how they come together and support each other over time. Identify the four elements of entrepreneurship, and how they come together and support each other over time.
The four elements of entrepreneurship are opportunity, resources, skills and motivation.
Opportunity: Entrepreneurs identify and capitalize on opportunities in the market. They have the ability to recognize gaps in the market, develop innovative solutions to fill them, and create value for their customers.Resources: Entrepreneurs need resources such as funding, technology, infrastructure, and human capital to turn their ideas into successful ventures. They often leverage their networks and relationships to gain access to these resources.Skills: Entrepreneurs require a combination of technical and soft skills to build and grow their businesses. Technical skills may include product development, marketing, finance, and operations, while soft skills may include leadership, communication, and problem-solving.Motivation: Entrepreneurs are highly motivated individuals who have a strong desire to succeed. They are driven by a passion for their idea or product and are willing to take risks to achieve their goals.These four elements are interconnected and support each other over time. For example, entrepreneurs need skills to identify and evaluate opportunities, as well as the motivation to pursue them.
With the right resources, they can turn their ideas into successful ventures, which in turn provides more opportunities for growth and development. As they develop new skills and gain experience, they are better able to identify and capitalize on new opportunities, and the cycle continues.
Ultimately, successful entrepreneurs are able to create value for themselves, their customers, and society as a whole by leveraging these four elements in a dynamic and synergistic way.
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a. Is there a need for a CRM system at Global Bike Group? Discuss. (150-200 words) (5 Marks) b. CRM systems can be Strategic, Operational, or Tactical. Analyse the Use-cases for these at GBI. (250-300 words) (6 Marks) c. Identify and compare at least 3 specific CRM systems. Which of these would be most appropriate for GBI? Provide a justification for your selection. (3
Those who are unable to do so will be destroyed on Heaven's lathe. You've probably used the phrases "Bourgeois" and "Proletariat" cynically at some point.
What is the definition of destroyed?
Destroying means entirely destroying. To demolish is the inverse of to create or build. When you destroy something, you cause it to be destroyed; when you build something, you participate in its production. Soldiers are occasionally dispatched on missions to hunt and destroy during wartime. The Latin term destructionem, which means "a pulling down," is the source of the word destruction. When calamity comes, objects are hauled down, whether it's a home in the event of a natural disaster or a large display of canned soups in the case of a thoughtless customer.
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The future earnings, dividends, and common stock price of Carpetto Technologies Inc. Are expected to grow 7% per year. Carpetto's common stock currently sells for $23. 00 per share; its last dividend was $2. 00; and it will pay a $2. 14 dividend at the end of the current year.
a) Using the DCF approach, what is its cost of common equity ?
b) If the firm's beta is 1. 6, the risk-free rate is 9%, and the average return on the market is 13%, what will be the firm's cost of common equity using the CAPM approach ?
c) If the firm's bonds earn a return of 12%, based on the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, what will be rs ? Use the midpoint of the risk premium range discussed in Section 10-5 in your calculations.
d) If you have equal confidence in the inputs used for the three approaches, what is your estimate of Carpetto's cost of common equity ?
Dividend growth rate (g) = 7% per year, Common Stock value (P0) = $23 per share, Dividend just paid (or) Last dividend (D0) = $2 and Current year dividend to pay/payout (D1) = $2.14
(a) Using/Utilizing the DCF approach, what is its cost of common equity?
Cost/price of Common Equity (R) = [D1 / P0] +g
Cost/value of Common Equity (R) = [$2.14 / $23] + 0.07
Cost/price of Common Equity (R) = 0.1630 (or)/ 16.30D
Cost/value of Common Equity (R) = 16.30D
(b)Beta = 1.6
Risk-free rate (Rf) = 9D
Return on the Market (RM) = 13%
Calculating Firm's Cost of Common Equity using the CAPM approach:
According to CAPM approach:
Cost/value of common equity (RE) = [Rf + β (RM – Rf)]
Cost/price of common equity (RE) = [9% + 1.6 (13% - 9%)]
Cost/expense of common equity (RE) = [9% + 1.6 (4%)]
Cost/value of common equity (RE) = [0.09 + 1.6 (0.04)]
Cost/price of common equity (RE) = 0.154 (or) 15.4D
Cost of common equity (RE) = 15.4D
(c)
rs= Bond rate + Risk premium
rs= 12% + 4D
rs= 16D
d. The two approaches/outreached bond-yield-plus-risk premium approach and CAPM both has lower cost of equity than the DCF method. The company's cost of equity is estimated at 15.9%, which is the average for all three methods.
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aslan inc. is a new company and it is experiencing rapid growth. dividends are expected to grow at 32% per year during the next three years, 20% over the following year, and then 8% per year indefinitely. the market return for assets as risky as this stock is 13%, and the stock currently sells for $65 per share. what is the projected dividend for the coming year?
The market return for assets as risky as this stock is 13%, and the stock currently sells for $65 per share. The projected dividend for the coming year is $2.04. The dividend is calculated as follows:
Dividend for the coming year = Dividend for the previous year × (1 + growth rate)
where, Dividend for the previous year = $0 (as it is the first year)
Growth rate = 32% = 0.32 (for the first 3 years), 20% = 0.20 (for the fourth year),
and 8% = 0.08 (indefinitely)
The projected dividend for the coming year is:$2.04
Therefore, the projected dividend for the coming year is $2.04.
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edward is tired of graduate school as well as his part-time bartending job. on the spur of the moment, he decides to take a weekend trip to the cayman islands for snorkeling. he pays for it with his credit card rather than money from his bank account. which type of irrational behavior does this best describe? loss aversion risk aversion mental accounting status quo bias
Edward's decision to pay for his weekend trip to the Cayman Islands using his credit card rather than money from his bank account describes the irrational behavior known as the mental accounting.
Mental accounting refers to the tendency to segregate and manage money differently depending on the mental states associated with the specific money, such as the source, the intended use, or the intended destination. For instance, people are more inclined to spend money that comes from gifts, winnings, or bonuses and save more of the money earned through salary or investment.
Therefore, by using his credit card instead of the money from his bank account, Edward is engaging in mental accounting. Mental accounting is an irrational decision-making behavior because it ignores the broader context of money and the financial benefits of using cheaper modes of payment, such as debit cards or cash, in favor of the perceived psychological benefits.
Mental accounting can also lead to poor investment choices and lack of diversification because people tend to focus on the short-term benefits rather than the long-term benefits.
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Decision Point: Finding Your Nori Supplier Upstream from Umami Snacks is the set of firms that supply the raw materials, information, and expertise to make the seaweed crisps. The recipe for seaweed crisps is quite simple: nori (red seaweed), olive oil, and spices. From its production of wasabi peas and arare, Umami already has a supplier of olive oil and spices, but it needs to find a supplier for the nori. Nori can be purchased from international suppliers in Korea and China and from local suppliers. A number of factors must be considered when choosing a supplier, and often concessions must be made. In the selection of the nori supplier, which two factors should be prioritized
Quality, availability, pricing, reliability, sustainability, ethics, close proximity, and transportation expenses are all potential considerations when choosing a nori source. Due diligence and in-depth study are crucial.
What is the consumer product's marketing channel?The people, organizations, and activities necessary to transfer product ownership from the point of production to the point of consumption make form a marketing channel. It is frequently referred to as a distribution channel because it is the path taken to distribute items to consumers.
How do consumers profit from marketing channels?Through middlemen, consumers can obtain the essential knowledge about items, prices, and associated advantages. Also, middlemen instruct and guide customers on how to use products responsibly.
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