The total income for each period divided by the initial investment is the rate of return.
Rate of Return
In the world of finance, a return is an investment's profit. Any change in the investment's value as well as any cash flows (or securities, or other assets) that the investor receives from that investment are included. Examples include interest payments, coupons, cash dividends, stock dividends, and the payoff from a derivative or structured product. It can be stated as a percentage of the total investment or in absolute numbers (like $). The holding period return is another name for this.
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Why did the u.s. federal trade commission (ftc) implement the trade regulation rule on funeral industry practices?
The reason why the Federal trade commission did this in 1984 was to counteract the possibility of abuses and funeral directors take advantage of their customers/.
What is the federal trade commission?This is the term that is used to refer to the commission that is in charge of trade and all that has to do with trade practices in the United States.
The regulation on funerals was so that the people would be able to compare the prices that they want on funeral homes. It gives the ability for people to select the funeral arrangements at the funeral homes that they want.
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At an annual requirement of 40,000 units, what does the company save per year by selecting the low-cost option?
At an annual requirement of 40,000 units, what the company save per year by selecting the low-cost option is :$50,000.
Total savings on buyingAt 40000 units annual production:
Alternative: Buy:
Fixed Cost $200,000
Variable Cost $600,000
( 15 x 40000)
Total Costs = $800,000
Alternative: Make
Fixed Costs $50,000.00
Variable Costs $800,000
( 20 x 40000)
Total Costs $850,000
Total savings on buying:
Total savings on buying = $850,000 - $800,000
Total savings on buying= $50,000
Therefore at an annual requirement of 40,000 units, what the company save per year by selecting the low-cost option is :$50,000.
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The complete question is:
You currently make a part on old equipment at a cost of $50,000 per year and a variable cost of $20 / unit. You have found an outside supplier who will make the part for $15 / unit if you will pay their annual fixed costs of $200,000 / year. The following table summarizes the details of this make versus buy decision.
Alternative: Buy. Fixed cost: $200,000 per year. Variable cost: $15 per unit.
Alternative: Make. Fixed cost: $50,000 per year. Variable cost: $20 per unit.
What does the company save for the year by selecting the low-cost option at an annual requirement of 40,000 units?
A. $40,000
B. $150,000
C. $300,000
D. $50,000
A bond is issued with a coupon of 4% paid annually, a maturity of 30 years, and a yield to maturity of 7%. What rate of return will be earned by an investor who purchases the bond for $627. 73 and holds it for 1 year if the bond’s yield to maturity at the end of the year is 8%?.
-11% is the rate of return will be earned by an investor who purchases the bond for $627. 73 and holds it for 1 year if the bond’s yield to maturity at the end of the year is 8%.
the key to reply this address is to keep in mind that valuation of a bond depends fundamentally of calculating the rate of return present esteem of a arrangement of cash streams, so let´s think almost a bond as in the event that you were a loan specialist so you may get intrigued by the cash you lend (coupon) and at the conclusion of n a long time you may get back the money you loan at the starting (central), so applying math we have the bond esteem given by:
so in this particular case that one year later there are 29 years to maturity so we have:
[tex]price= \frac{Principle*coupon}{(1+i)^{1} } +\frac{Principle*coupon}{(1+i)^{2} }+.......+\frac{Principle*coupon}{(1+i)^{n} }[/tex][tex]price= \frac{1000*0.04}{1+0.08} + \frac{1000*0.04}{(1+0.08)^{2} } +..........................\frac{1000*0.04)}{(1+0.08)^{30} }[/tex]
[tex]price=553.6638[/tex]
so as we have a higher rate of return the investment has the next return
[tex]rate=\frac{553.68}{627.73} -1[/tex]
rate= -11.8%
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from the choices presented in parentheses, choose the appropriate term for completing each of the following sentences: sentence appropriate term for completing sentence a. a product, sales territory, department, or activity to which costs are traced is called a (direct cost, cost object). b. advertising costs are usually viewed as (period, product) costs. c. factory overhead costs combined with direct labor costs are called (prime, conversion) costs. d. feedback is often used to (improve, direct) operations. e. a sacrifice made to obtain some benefit is a (cost, expense). f. the balance sheet of a manufacturer would include an account for (cost of goods sold, work in process inventory). g. the implementation of automatic, robotic factory equipment normally (increases, decreases) the direct labor component of product costs.
The appropriate term for completing these sentences on accounting processes are:
a. a product, sales territory, department, or activity to which costs are traced is called a - Cost ObjectAdvertising cost are usually viewed as - Period CostFactory overhead cost combined with direct labor are called - Conversion costs Feedback is often used to Improve Operation - Improve a sacrifice made to obtain some benefit is a - cost the balance sheet of a manufacturer would include an account for - Work in process inventorythe implementation of automatic, robotic factory equipment normally - Decrease How are accounting terms classified?When a product, or department, or activity can be traced in terms of cost, it is a cost object. Period costs are costs that are incurred in the current period and an example is advertising cost.
When factory overhead is combined with direct labor and direct materials this is a conversion cost and when we make a sacrifice to get one thing, that sacrifice is a cost.
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identify which scenario is an example of indirect competition by showing how a product can provide an alternative solution to the same market.
Answer:a mini golf park faces competition from a newly opened bowling alley
Explanation:
A mini-golf park faces competition from a newly-opened bowling alley is an example of indirect competition by showing how a product can provide an alternative solution to the same market
What is meant by Indirect competition ?
Competition between businesses that produce somewhat dissimilar goods but have the same clientele is known as indirect competition. The phrase can also be applied to service providers. They not only share a customer base, but they also pursue the same needs.
Indirect rivalry exists between a quick food hamburger joint and a fast food pizza joint. It does, however, face direct opposition from other hamburger fast food outlets.
The same client segment, namely those who are hungry, is what both hamburgers and pizza are aimed at. Particularly, their target audience is hungry and seeks out affordable, satisfying meals. These customers also share another trait. They want to receive their order as soon as possible. We refer to them as fast food restaurants because of this.
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Philip's inc. reports stockholders' equity on its financial statements. the two items reported in the stockholders' equity section of philip's balance sheet are:_________
Philip's inc. reports stockholders' equity on its financial statements. the two items reported in the stockholders' equity section of Philip's balance sheet are Paid-in Capital.
A balance sheet is an economic assertion that consists of information about a company's belongings or liabilities at a selected point in time. it's far one of the 3 center economic statements (earnings statement and coins float statement being the other two) used for evaluating the performance of an enterprise.
The balance sheet offers info on the organization's capital shape, Gearing, liquidity situation, coins availability, asset creation through the years, and different agency investments.
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marbled granite company files a suit against natural stone, inc., in a colorado court with general jurisdiction. in a delaware court with limited jurisdiction, e-sales corporation files a suit against first state bank. the difference between general and limited jurisdiction is
marbled granite company files a suit against natural stone, inc., in a Colorado court with general jurisdiction. in a Delaware court with limited jurisdiction, e-sales corporation files a suit against first state bank. the difference between general and limited jurisdiction is the subject matter of the cases that the courts can decide.
General phrase for the submission of any complaint (or petition) seeking legal relief through judicial action, frequently referred to as a "law suit." Although it is officially a "suit in equity," the term "petition" is frequently used to refer to a lawsuit that seeks a court order for action rather than a monetary award. Law suit is etymologically connected to suits, and the word "suit" itself has a variety of connotations in the fields of law, fashion, romance, and card games. The verb sequere, which is an ancestor of the verb sue and means "to follow," is the root of the term sequitus, which ultimately stems from the Latin verb sequitus via the Anglo-French suite. Knowing this etymology may help you distinguish between a lawsuit and a complaint since a law suit comes after a complaint (if you are guilty of misuse).
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the american plastics council wants to stimulate more consumer demand for products that are packaged in plastic. the ads will be run in consumer magazines and will hopefully cause customers to ask retailers to carry more products packaged in plastic. the american plastics council is planning to use a(n) strategy.
The american plastics council is planning to use a(n) pull strategy.
What is pull strategy?A pull marketing strategy, also known as a pull promotional strategy, is a marketing plan used by businesses to attract customers to their goods by increasing demand for them. The goal of pull marketing methods is to make consumers demand a specific product. You can employ a pull marketing approach on its own or in tandem with a push marketing strategy.
A pull marketing technique aims to have a consumer actively seek out a product and persuade merchants to carry the item in response to this demand.
In the case given above, for instance, a production company conducts marketing campaigns targeted towards consumers. Because of the marketing activities, customers look for a specific product and visit merchants in search.
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micro concentrates on individual markets while macro focuses primarily on international trade. micro concentrates on the behaviour of individual consumers and firms while macro focuses on the performance of the entire economy. micro explores the causes of inflation while macro focuses on the causes of unemployment. micro concentrates on the behaviour of individual consumers while macro focuses on the behaviour of firms.
The basic difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics can be understand by the following statement:
“Micro concentrates on the behavior of individual consumers and firms while macro focuses on the performance of the entire economy.”
Hence, Option B is correct
What is economics?Economics can be used to study human behavior and the decisions and actions that can be seen in any one space when they face difficulties and then achieve success.
There are two types of economics that can be studied by any person; one is micro and the second is macro. Microeconomics focuses on individual behavior while macroeconomics focuses on the entire economy.
Thus, Option B is correct
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The complete question has been attached in text form:
1. The basic difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics is:
a. microeconomics concentrates on individual markets while macroeconomics focuses primarily on international trade.
b. microeconomics concentrates on the behaviour of individual consumers while macroeconomics focuses on the behaviour of firms.
c. microeconomics concentrates on the behaviour of individual consumers and firms while macroeconomics focuses on the performance of the entire economy.
d. microeconomics explores the causes of inflation while macroeconomics focuses on the causes of unemployment.
lack of property rights diminish economic growth. diminish economic growth. increases productivity. increases productivity. encourage production. encourage production.
The answer is diminish economic growth.
The lack of property rights will produce difficulties in the daily lives of the people, and they will not be rectified unless the government intervenes with some property rights, because everyone would grab the property with power because the property rights are not there to claim the rights.Negative growth is defined as a drop in a company's revenues or earnings, or a drop in an economy's GDP in any quarter. Negative growth is characterized by declining wage growth and a decline of the money supply, and economists consider negative growth as a precursor to a future recession or depression.Economists usually believe that four variables drive economic development and growth: human resources, physical capital, natural resources, and technology.Thus this is the meaning of diminish economic growth.
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during the 1960s, u.s. firms created just over of worldwide foreign direct investment and british firms were second accounting for just over 10 percent.
During the 1960s, US firms created just over 65% of worldwide foreign direct investment and British firms were second accounting for just over 10 percent.
How was foreign investment in the 1960s?With the United States being the strongest economy to come out of the second World War, they continued this trend up to the 1960s and beyond.
This allowed their firms to be the most active on the global market and explains why U.S. firms were responsible for more than 65% of the entire worldwide foreign direct investment .
The British may have still been recovering at the time but they were still a world power in economics and showed this with more than 10% of worldwide foreign direct investment coming from British companies.
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Under the periodic inventory system, a company is counting its inventory in real time. True/false
Under a perpetual inventory system, the cost of goods sold is determined each time a sale occurs. True.
What is perpetual inventory system?Perpetual inventory is a sort of inventory accounting that instantly records the sale or purchase of inventory using commercial asset management software and electronic point-of-sale systems. Perpetual inventory accurately reflects the quantity of goods on hand and provides timely reporting of the quantity of inventory on hand in addition to a highly detailed picture of inventory variations.
When using this strategy, a company makes little effort to keep accurate records of the products it has on hand; instead, purchases are recorded as debits to the inventory database. In actuality, charges such as direct labor and material costs and direct factory overhead costs are incorporated into the price of the goods sold.
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The increasing presence of the starbucks coffee company throughout china is a typical example of?
The increasing presence of the starbucks coffee company throughout china is a typical example of cultural diffusion.
A company, abbreviated as co., is a felony entity representing an association of people, whether natural, criminal or a mixture of each, with a particular objective. organization members proportion a common purpose and unite to obtain precise, declared dreams.
An organization is a criminal entity shaped by a collection of individuals to interact in and function a enterprise—business or industrial—company. An enterprise can be prepared in various methods for tax and monetary liability purposes depending at the company regulation of its jurisdiction.
It may be a constrained or an infinite agency, a personal or a public business enterprise, organisation constrained via assure or an agency having a share capital, or a network hobby organisation.
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An example of an uncontrollable variable to a chain supermarket owner/manager is ________.
An example of an unmanageable variable to a chain supermarket owner/ manager is legal restrictions relating to price advertising.
What is one of the uncontrollable variables of retail strategy?The principal unmanageable variables affecting retail planning are consumers, economic conditions, competition, technology, and legal restrictions. These activities are named tactics and contain a retailer's daily and short-term processes.
Steps of Retail Strategy PlanningObjective Setting.Situational Analysis.Customer Analysis.Tactical Planning.Implementation and Control.Independent stores usually have more intensive participation by the landlord than chain operations. Most retailers operate only when the store is open.
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Douglas Engelbart is credited with the invention of
O the mouse
O GUIS
O bitmapped screens
O hypertext
Douglas Engelbart is credited with the invention of the Mouse. Hence, the correct option is A.
What is called the Mouse in computer?A computer mouse is a hand-held pointing device that identifies two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a monitor, which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface of a computer.
We can learn from the text that the mouse was not instantly popular. Only around 20 years later it was started to be used globally around the world with computers. By that time, Engelbart’s patent expired, meaning he did not earn any money from sales and usage of the mouse.
Because of this, as well as the line “unfortunately for Engelbart's bank account”, we can conclude that the passage tries to point out the fact that Douglas Engelbart did not make much money from his invention, despite it being so widely popular present day.
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Job Skills Challenge Card #2 Cryptogram
someone could help me????
The cryptogram can be completed by putting abc in the sequence as shown below and the words in the second part can be made up by the cryptogram.
What is Crosswords/Cryptograms?Crosswords are the words that needs to be found, this is a fun learning activity that is enjoyed by students also the activity helps in learning the words and its spellings. The cryptogram is similar to crosswords as the cryptogram have a specific code through which the data is designed and then the crosswords or the missing words are found.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
b a d c f e h g j i l k n m p o
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
r q t s v u x w z y
The Words are
c o m m u n i c a t i o n
a n a l y s i s
c r e a t i v i t y
f l e x b i l i t y
Communication
Analysis
Creativity
Flexibility
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Economic growth implies? a. opportunity costs are decreasing. b. you can only have more of one good by having less of another. c. you can now have more of all goods. d. fewer resources are available.
Economic growth implies you can now have more of all goods.
Economic growth describes an growth in the amount and exceptional of the monetary items and services that a society produces and consumes. Even as the definition of economic boom is simple, it is extraordinarily tough to degree it. Economic growth can be defined as the increase or improvement within the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by using an financial system over a positive period of time. Statisticians conventionally measure such increase because the percent rate of growth in the actual gross home product, or real GDP. Economic boom – measured as an boom of people's actual income – manner that the ratio between people's profits and the costs of what they should buy is increasing: goods and offerings become extra low cost, human beings end up less poor. Broadly talking, there are primary sources of economic growth: growth inside the length of the workforce and boom in the productivity (output consistent with hour labored) of that workforce. Either can boom the general size of the economy but only robust productivity growth can increase consistent with capita GDP and income.
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What are some concerns of a resident project represen-tative or an inspector with respect to his or her project during the construction phase?
Some concerns of a resident project representative or an inspector with respect to his or her project during the construction phase are
Contract managementRegulation of job costsContract duration and delaysquality controlThis is further explained below.
What is a resident project representative?Generally, To ensure that the project is being built in accordance with the contract papers and construction plans, a resident project representative (RPR) is in charge of monitoring daily construction activities.
In conclusion, During the building period, a resident project representative or inspector can be concerned about the following:
Contract managementRegulation of job costsContract duration and delaysquality controlRead more about the resident project representative
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How much would $20,000 due in 50 years be worth today if the discount rate were 7. 5%?.
N 50
I/YR 7.5%
PMT $0
FV $20,000
PV $537.78
Interest rates and discount rates are interest rates that apply to borrowers and savers who pay or receive interest on savings or loans. Interest rates are determined by market interest rates and other factors that need to be considered, especially when lending funds.
Interest rate is the interest rate applied when depositing or borrowing funds at a bank or financial institution. Interest rates are usually expressed as annual interest rates.
The discount rate is the cost of capital applied to determine the present value of future payments. The discount rate is widely used when evaluating investment projects. It tells us how much money we will receive in the future is worth now.
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Zippy delivery had 1,000 delivery vehicles in 2021. in 2021, they incurred $1,000,000,000 in losses that resulted from 50 occurrences / accidents. what was zippy' delivery's loss frequency in 2021?
Loss frequency = Total accidents / Total number of vehicles
= 50 / 1,000
= 0.05
hence, the correct option is b. 0.05
Loss frequency is how frequently losses will arise. Loss frequency is used to are expecting the probability of similar losses happening in future. An instance is loss frequency for water harm if your business enterprise is placed on a flood easy is probably high.
Loss Frequency = total amount of Losses divided by using the overall type of accidents • Loss Severity = overall sort of accidents divided by general gadgets Analyzed. common Loss = common Loss Frequency X not unusual Loss Severity.
Frequency refers to the wide variety of claims an insurer anticipates will arise over a given period of time. Severity refers to the fees of a claim a excessive-severity statement is greater than a mean claim, and a low-severity declare is less highly-priced.
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What is the incremental cost incurred if the company increases production and sales from 17,250 to 17,251 units?
The incremental cost incurred when a company increases its production and sales from 17250 to 17251 units is Marginal Cost.
Marginal cost may be defined as the change in Total cost per unit change in the output. It is a short-run cost. It may be also defined as the cost which is incurred when there is a change in output by one unit.
For any level of output, the sum of the marginal cost up to that level gives the Total variable cost incurred at that level. The average variable cost at some level of output is the average of all the marginal costs up to that level.
The difference between the Marginal cost and the sales price is taken as the contribution margin and both Marginal cost and sales price can be used in Managerial accounting and economics.
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a statement of stockholders' equity is normally prepared when there is a a.change in paid-in capital accounts. b.change in stock accounts. c.purchase of treasury stock. d.all of these choices are correct.
All of this choices are correct. A statement of stockholders' equity is normally prepared when there is change in paid-in capital accounts, change in stock accounts, purchase of treasury stock.
Stockholders' equity, also known as shareholders' or owners' equity, is the remaining quantity of assets available to shareholders after all liabilities have been paid. It's far calculated both as a company's total property much less its overall liabilities or alternatively as the sum of share capital and retained profits less treasury shares. Stockholders' fairness may include common stock, paid-in capital, retained earnings, and treasury stock. Conceptually, stockholders' fairness is beneficial as a way of judging the funds retained within a business. If this parent is poor, it may imply an oncoming financial ruin for that business, particularly if there exists a huge debt liability as well. Stockholders' equity is frequently referred to as the book value of the agency and it comes from predominant assets. the first source is the money initially and finally invested within the agency thru percentage services. the second one supply includes the retained profits (RE) the company accumulates over time through its operations. In most cases, especially when dealing with companies that have been in business for decades, retained profits is the most important aspect.
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A primary advantage of ___________ logistics is its relative efficiency, whereas a primary advantage of ___________ logistics is its customer responsiveness.
A primary advantage of centralized logistics is its relative efficiency, whereas a primary advantage of decentralized logistics is its customer responsiveness.
Decision-making in a supply chain network can be performed in a centralized or decentralized way. In a centralized structure, there exists a central authority responsible for decision-making, whereas in a decentralized structure the individual entities can make their own decisions.
In centralized organizations, strategic planning, goal setting, budgeting, and talent deployment are typically conducted by a single, senior leader or leadership team. In contrast, in decentralized organizations, formal decision-making power is distributed across multiple individuals or teams.
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you want to buy a new car, but you can make an initial payment of only $2,400 and can afford monthly payments of at most $500. if the apr on auto loans is 12% and you finance the purchase over 48 months, what is the maximum price you can pay for the car? note: do not round intermediate calculations. round your answer to 2 decimal places.
With a down fee of $2,400 and being able to pay $500 according to month, the automobile that you may purchase can not have a price better than $21,397.
What is the maximum price you can pay for a car, given your financial situation?The fee for a vehicle can range relying on the man or woman and their monetary situation. For example, when you have a horrific credit score score, then you can want to pay greater on your vehicle than a person with an appropriate credit score would require you to pay a better down price. In addition to the fee of the vehicle, there also are different prices that can be related to your vehicle buy, which include registration and insurance.
The down price is the cash that you have given to a financial institution or dealership with a view to buying the vehicle. Many humans are hesitant approximately shopping for a vehicle, due to the big monetary danger. You can lessen this danger via way of means of making an in-advance deposit for your vehicle.
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David is in charge of buying materials for a clothing manufacturer. He has a list of suppliers and uses a multiattribute matrix to conduct _____ to evaluate those suppliers.
David is in charge of buying materials for a clothing manufacturer. He has a list of suppliers and uses a multiattribute matrix to conduct vendor analysis to evaluate those suppliers.
Vendor analysis is a procedure that aids in selecting the best vendors. This is crucial since unreliable suppliers can severely harm a company's ability to succeed. Determine needs. The first step in vendor analysis is to ascertain the demands of your business in terms of purchases. In order to locate the vendor who best meets their company's goals, vendor analysis first determines the strengths and limitations of each potential partner. Every time a business wants to identify a new vendor or assess the performance of one of its current vendors, a vendor analysis is carried out.
Analyzing the performance of vendors who provide goods or services to their organization is the responsibility of vendor analysts. They could also be entrusted with coming up with and putting into practice plans to make sure vendors adhere to strict guidelines or satisfy particular demands.
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When mountain climbers purchase clothing for scaling mount everest, their purchases are primarily addressing __________ needs.
When mountain climbers purchase clothing for scaling Mount Everest, their purchases are primarily addressing functional needs.
What is need?Needs can be defined as the basic necessity that the person needs to have to survive some of example of clothes, food, water, or shelter etc
As climbing Mount Everest the oxygen and nature are very different they are also the temperature is negative so the primary or the functional lead to survive on Everest should be purchasing climbing gear as well as some warm clothing else it will help you keep warm and travel which is the need.
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If 5 mg of a medicine improve the patients condition by 10%, then 50 mg must improve it by 100%. This is an example of: _________
This is an example of Extrapolation.
since you are extrapolating one mentioned prescription and taking an overdose to treat the patient.
In general, extrapolation is described as "extending information and conclusions from studies in related conditions or with related medicinal products, or in one or more subgroups of the patient population (source population) to draw inferences for another subgroup of the population (target population)."
Consequently, there is less need to produce extra information (types of information, population, condition, or product). in order to arrive at findings for the goal number (e.g., studies, design changes, number of patients needed) population, condition, or medication.
Extrapolation is mostly used to avoid conducting pointless studies on the intended audience for ethical considerations, efficiency, and resource allocation in regions where research are most required.
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A company that can outperform other organizations due to its ability to provide its goods and services more efficiently and effectively is said to have a _______.
A company that can outperform other organizations due to its ability to provide its goods and services more efficiently and effectively is said to have a competitive advantage.
In order to provide goods or services better or more affordably than its competitors, a corporation must have a competitive advantage. These services enable the production unit to produce more sales or higher margins in comparison to its competitors in the service market. Cost structure, branding, the calibre of product offers, the distribution system, intellectual property, and customer service are just a few of the aspects that are credited with giving a company a competitive advantage. Due to particular service qualities or circumstances, competitive advantages increase value for a company and its shareholders. The harder it is for competitors to offset the advantage, the more sustainable the competitive advantage is.
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under , the market consists of many buyers and sellers who trade over a range of prices rather than a single market price.
Under monopolistic competition, the market consists of many buyers and sellers who trade over a range of prices rather than a single market price. When several companies offer competing products or services that are similar but not perfect alternatives, monopolistic competition develops.
In a monopolistic competitive industry, the barriers to entry are low, and the decisions of any one firm have no direct impact on its competitors. Monopolistic rivalry is most commonly seen in fast food companies such as McDonald's and Burger King, which offer burgers in the market. The two companies described above sell products that are nearly identical, yet they are not interchangeable.
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During the normal sequence of the economic cycle, after a period of recovery, the economy will move to a period of? a depression b recovery c expansion d prosperity
During the normal sequence of the economic cycle, after a period of recovery, the economy will move to a period of b. recovery.
Economic cycles are durations of enlargement followed by using recession in the economic pastime. those adjustments have implications for the welfare of the broad population as well as for the personal organization.
The economic cycle is the fluctuating kingdom of an economy from durations of monetary expansion and contraction. it's also measured with the Gross Domestic Product of a rustic or vicinity.
The economic cycle fluctuates between periods of enlargement and contraction. those modifications are caused by degrees of employment, productivity, and the whole call for and supply of the kingdom's goods and offerings.
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