The 3 postulates of the Cell Theory are:
-Every living being is composed of cells, therefore they are the minimal functional unit of life, in their different levels of structural complexity. One single
cell is enough to make up an organism, but also multiple cells can organize in colonies or in a single organism, diversifying their functions and having a margin of independence quite elevated as a whole.
-All of the vital functions of living organisms have a place inside the cell, through biochemical processes and are controlled by substances that the cell secrete. Each cell operates as a unique open system, that exchanges matter, and energy with its environment in a controlled way. Moreover, in each cell of an organism are present the same vital functions that are in the organism itself, that is birth, growth, reproduction, and death.
-Every existing cell comes from a previous cell, by cell division, or by formation from stem cells.
Pavlov's experiments with dogs displays what type of behavior?A. Predator-preyB. ConditioningC C. SymbiosisD. Parental care
Pavlov's experiments with dogs displays a type of behavior of conditioning, as the dogs expected to receive food after listening to a determinated sound, being this a learnt behavior.
The correct answer is option B.
How to primarily classify viruses?
Answer:
They are classified based on their host.
Explanation:
Virus Classes: animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages.
Type of Transport Is energy required? How does the transport work? Description of the process. Example of molecules? Phagocytosis Protein Pump Receptor Mediated Endocytosis Simple diffusion ExocytosisFacilitated diffusion PinocytosisOsmosis
Active transport is one of the three types of substances transport accross the membrane. It needs energy to occur because it moves molecules against their electrochemical gradient. Pump protein and carrier proteins are involved in active transport. Phagocytosis, Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Pinocytosis are examples of active transport.
What is active transport?Active transport is one of the three cellular transmembrane types of transport. The other two are passive transport and simple diffusion.
Active transport acts against the electrochemical gradient, so it does need energy to transport substances.
It carries molecules from a low-concentration side of the membrane to a high-concentration side.
The energy used comes from
ATP ⇒ Primary active transportMembrane's electric potential ⇒ Secondary active transportCarrier proteins are involved in active transport.
Pump proteins, like Na-K pump, expell Na and enters K into the cell.
Among the different types of active transport we can mention endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, and hagocytosis.
These processes refers to molecules transport mediated by vesicles. It occurs from and into the cell and needs energy to happen because it is active transport.
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6. Which of the following is an example of diffusion?a. Sugar dissolving in a cup of coffeeb. A rock sinking to the bottom of a lakec. Rain falling from the skyООd. Water freeing into ice
Diffusion wether be molecular or cellular implies the passage of a chemical species from a high concentration to low concentration, now in molecular diffusion there is no need to pass through a membrane, meanwhile, in cell diffusion, there is a passage through a semipermeable membrane. In this case, we have no cellular process listed or membranes involved, so we will stick to the molecular diffusion. Now with this definition, we can say that the correct answer is option A, because glucose molecules move from high concentration (sugar cristal) to low concentration (rest of the coffee).
Distinguish between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses. (1 point)O The viral genome incorporates into the host genome during the lysogenic cycle.O The viral genome is only injected into the cell during the lytic cycle.O The lysogenic cycle involves newly replicated virus bursting from the cell.O The lytic cycle involves the merging together of the viral and host genomes.Study guide
The main difference between the lytic and the lysogenic cicles is that in the lysogenic cicle, the viral genome incorporates into the host genome (option 1).
Lytic cycle is the cycle in which reproduction of virus using a host cell in order to produce more viruses through the use of host cells. Lysogenic is the one in which there is incorporation of genome in the host cell.
What is the genome of the virus made up of ?It is either made up of DNA,RNA and viral proteins with the use of certain enzymes inside the genome as well.
The viral genome incorporates into the host genome during the lysogenic cycle. This happens in the case of lysogenic cycle during which the genomic material gets intervened inside the host cell.
In the lytic cycles the viral DNA spreads via the use of host cells and on
It is either made up of DNA,RNA and viral proteins with the use of certain enzymes inside the genome as well.
the other side the lysogenic bacteria or viruses are using the infusion of genetic material inside the host cells.
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Hi, I need help on 21 please provide an explanation that a kid would give so my teacher won’t be SUS of me
Structure that is labelled A is the chloroplast. Chloroplast
Between which plate is the relative motion the fastest
Answer: The Pacific Plate
The Pacific Plate is the fastest, moving at more than 10 cm/y in some areas, followed by the Australian and Nazca Plates. The North American Plate is one of the slowest.
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The Pacific Plate is the fastest, moving at more than 10 cm/y in some areas, followed by the Australian and Nazca Plates. The North American Plate is one of the slowest.
What do you mean by Relative motion?The Relative motion has been considered as the process that it significantly involves the motion or the speed of any object with respect to the particular point.
A mid-ocean ridge separates the Pacific plate and the Nazca plate has the off the western coast of the South America. The relative motion of these both two plates with respect to the South America which possesses in the bidirectional manner. The Pacific plate has been moving to the west, and the Nazca plate has moving to the east.
Therefore, The Pacific Plate is the fastest, moving at more than 10 cm/y in some areas, followed by the Australian and Nazca Plates. The North American Plate is one of the slowest.
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why is it important to swim with a friend even if there is a life gaurd on duty.
Answer:
because u can be drowned till the life guard on duty comes
Complete the statement below using the drop-down menus.
It is believed mitochondria evolved from
,
while chloroplasts evolved from
Mitochondria evolved from aerobic bacteria while chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacteria.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts likely evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as independent organisms. A eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the host eukaryote, gradually developing into a mitochondrion.
Chloroplast evolutionarily derives from a primitive cyanobacteria that was engulfed by non-photosynthetic cells and, progressively, after losing most of its DNA, became the actual chloroplast that retains only a fraction of the original cyanobacterial genes. Chloroplasts of plants and algae are currently believed to originate from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont.
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If flying squirrels were brought to Australia, what do you predict would happen
A cell is placed into a beaker containing a 4% sucrose solution. The cell contains a 1% sucrose solution. Was the cell placed in a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution? Will there be a net influx or efflux of water and if so what direction?
Answer:Question:
A cell is placed into a beaker containing a
4
%
sucrose solution. The cell contains a
1
%
sucrose solution. Was the cell placed in a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution? Will there be a net influx or efflux of water and if so what direction?
Concentration Gradients
The rate and direction of diffusion, and osmosis is dictated by the extent of concentration gradients present between two solutions. Organisms take advantage of concentration gradients to transport molecules, transfer heat, etc.
Explanation:
The "waxy coat" present on some of the leaves of the Canadian Buttercups serves what purpose?A. To make it slippery to insectsB. To prevent the stomata from openingC. To allow water to slide off the petalD. To protect it from extreme temperatures
The waxy coat on plant's leaves serves to retain water. It is composed of cutin, a wax-like material produced by the plant which is chemically a hydroxy fatty acid.
C.
HELP 100 POINTS
Complete the following sentences:
Cellular respiration uses one glucose molecule to produce energy in the form of _____. Approximately _____ of this energy is converted into thermal energy.
(1 point)
Responses
a). 32 ATPs; 56%
b). 36 ATPs; 64%
c). 48 ATPs; 68%
d). 4 ATPs; 30%
Answer:
the answer is a
Explanation:
Cellular respiration produces 30-32 ATPs from one glucose molecule.
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Which example best describes a physical model that could be used to studythe human body?OA. A program designed to show how chemicals absorbed duringdigestion are transported to other parts of the bodyOB. A written description of how chemicals in food are broken downduring digestionO C. Molded plastic pieces that fit together to show the organs involvedin digestionD. A graph showing how blood sugar levels change throughout thedigestive process
The example that best describes a physical model that could be used to study the human body is a program designeed to show how chemicals absorbed during digestion are transported to other parts of the body.
The correct answer is option A.
If the model has been made accurately, the results shown would demostrate results that can reflect what actually occurs in the human body.
Taylor has recently suffered brain damage which has affected her thinking, planning, decision-making, language, and motor movement. Which lobe of Taylor's brain was likely damaged?A.frontal lobeB. parietal lobeC. occipital lobeD. temporal lobe
The answer is A. Frontal lobe. It is mainly involved in decision-making and movement.
The other options are incorrect because:
The occipital lobe is responsible for visual information.
The temporal lobe helps process auditory information.
The parietal lobe is basically involved with sensory processes, and attention.
What two parts of a nucleotide create the
backbone of DNA?
Two strands that form DNA are twisted together to form a ladder-like structure. Each strand's backbone is made up of deoxyribose and phosphate units that alternate in direction.
How does DNA work and what does it look like?The instructions needed to build every protein an organism will ever need are encoded in its DNA, which is its genetic memory. The cell nucleus of eucaryotes houses DNA. An individual DNA molecule is made up of two complementary chains of nucleotides. An explanation of heredity's mechanism is provided by DNA's structure.
The nucleotides that make up DNA are chemical building blocks. One of four different types of nitrogen bases, a phosphate group, a sugar group, and these building blocks are the three components that make them up.
Genetic, immunological, and structural activities of DNA are now three separate and radically different roles.
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1. Which movement is not associated with the scapula?
Answer: H>LLO
Explanation:
HELLO :) CAN U ADD ME AS A FRIEND?
Which of the following changes takes place during the first trimester of awoman's pregnancy?A. The placenta attaches to the mother and nourishes the growingfetus.B. The fetus begins rhythmic breathing movements.C. The mother feels the fetus move for the first timeD. The fetus develops toenails, lips, and eyelashes.
We know as the first trimester of the pregnancy the period from conception to the 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Around 24 hours after the fertilization, the zygote becomes a blastocyst, which implants into the uterine wall. Then it becomes an embryo and during this stage, the placenta and umbilical cord are also formed.
The embryo becomes a fetus around 8 weeks after conception, and by this stage, fingers, eyes, mouth, and ears begin to be recognizable.
Of the options, the one which better aligns with the events of the first trimester is A. The placenta attaches to the mother and nourished the growing fetus.
Student #1 is WRONG and Student #2 is CORRECT! You are student #2. Write a CER and explain how energy is passed through the ecosystem and why it is easier for grass to acquire energy than it is for a hawk.Try to use all the words in the word bank below to help you complete your open response CER. Review the RUBRIC WORD BANK: food web, the sun, food pyramid, producer, consumer, tertiary consumer, predator, autotroph, heterotroph, decomposer, predator, prey, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore.
The observation for the student #2 must starts by the claim, going to evidence, and finishing with the reasoning.
1 - Claim = To the grass (producer) is easier to acquire nergy than it is for a hawk (quartenary consumer), because the base of the food pyramid is where most of the energy of the food chain is maintained, and the producers are able to produce their own food from the natural resources in the environment;
2 - Evidence = The food web in the picture shows how the trophic levels are distribute in the ecosystem, being the food pyramid divided into: producers (autotroph organisms), consumers (primary-herbivores, secondary-omnivore, and tertiary-carnivore), predators, preys, and decomposers. The graph shows that from each levels a small quantity of energy is lost by the organisms, going from the levels with more energy (plants- that uses the sun to make photosynthesis) until the tertiary consumer (the pradator - hawk, that is a heterotroph). To have energy the plants need only to be in a good place, while the hawk have to go after preys and an environment that have a good balance between the trophic levels;
3 - Reasoning = The student #2 came to the conclusion that is much difficult for the hawk to obtain energy because of the observation of the challenges for each level tropic level being bigger and bigger. That's because the way that each organism get their food and what it eats is a determinant factor, as well the loss of energy to complete the most basic functions. Being the conclusion that the grass that just need sunlight and water have a lot less difficults and energy loss than a hawk that needs to hunt for food, survival, reprodutive needs and so on.
Scientists analyze sequences of genetic material from two siblings. They determine that one characteristic is different between them.
Which of the following best describes the next steps the scientists should take to determine the exact difference?\
a. They should look at the sequence of genes in the chromosomes for that trait.
b. They should look at the sequence of the DNA bases in the gene for that trait.
c. They should look at the sequence of genes in the DNA bases for that trait.
d. They should look at the sequence of chromosomes in the gene for that trait.
The next steps the scientists should take to determine the exact difference is that they should look at the sequence of genes in the DNA bases for that trait.
Genes- The fundamental structural and operational component of heredity is a gene. DNA is the component of genes. Some genes serve as blueprints for the synthesis of proteins. Many genes do not, however, code for proteins. The few thousand DNA bases to even more over 2 million bases make up a gene in a human.
DNA- The information molecule is DNA. It contains information needed to create proteins, which are other big molecules. These instructions are dispersed throughout 46 lengthy structures called chromosomes that are found inside each of our cells. Numerous smaller pieces of DNA, known as genes, make up these chromosomes.
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TIMED PLEASE HELP! INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY
Describe at least 4 environmentally influenced
learned behaviors using your
own life experience.
Using my personal life experience, I can identify four learned habits that are influenced by the environment: parasites, noise, light, sound, and food pollution.
What does the study of the environment do?Environmental scientists employ the natural sciences they have learned to save the environment. Natural science expertise is used by environmental specialists to safeguard both the environment and public health. In order to reduce waste, they might collaborate with industry, advise legislators, or clean up contaminated places.
What is meant by ecology?The study on organisms and how they interact with their environment is called ecology.. The interaction between living organisms and their environments is studied by ecologists.
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Under normal conditions, the roots of plants grow downward. This illustrates what type of tropism?
Tropism is the growth toward or away from a stimulus, and it happens to plants (it's different than movement). The tropism that's indicated can be of two types: phototropism, when the roots grows away from the stimulus of light, or gravitropism, when the roots are pushed downwards by gravity and grows towards it.
Compound light microscopes and transmission/transmitted light microscopes produce an image based on light transmission through the sample. Explain how the fluorescence microscope layout differs from that of transmission microscopes. Include the source of the light visualized in fluorescence microscopy in your answer.
The fluorescence microscope differs from the compound light, and transmitted light, not so much because of the structure, but instead because of how light is used to generate an image/ see the sample.
In the fluorescence microscope, the light does not go through the sample per se, instead, a filter is needed, it works with a higher wavelength, in this case, the light rays go to the sample and excite the species marked with the fluorescence substance, that is to say, the sample must be previously treated so it can absorb light and re-emitted as fluorescence (electromagnetic radiation) therefore creating an image, of light. This is possible due to the proprieties of some molecules, such as fluorochromes.
I need help to draw a phylogen tree .Thank you
Ratite is a group of flightless birds that evolved from a single flightless ancestor.
Which of the following is NOT part of a cell membrane?
Hydrophobic tail
nitrogen
hydrophilic head
Phosphate
Proline is not a constituent of the cell membrane.
What constitutes a cell's components?The cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm sandwiched in between make up a cell. Organelles, which are little but separate structures, are arranged in complex patterns throughout the cytoplasm, which contains hundreds or even thousands of them. A lipid bilayer that is semipermeable makes up the cell membrane.
Lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrates make up the majority of the plasma membrane. The extracellular environment is shielded from intracellular components by the plasma membrane. By controlling the substances that enter and leave the cell, the plasma membrane facilitates biological activities.
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Which of the following processes is used to separate a collection of different size DNA fragments?0000gel electrophoresispolymerase chain reactiontransformationrecombinant DNA
Gel electrophoresis is a method useful to separate DNA fragments according to molecular size. Thus, the answer is gel electrophoresis.
Answer: Gel Electrophoresis
Explanation:
Gel electrophoresis,specifically agarose gel electrophoresis, runs DNA through a gel matrix towards a positive electrode because DNA is negatively charged. The larger the DNA molecule is the slower it will move through the gel, thus separating DNA by its size.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify (replicate) a DNA segment many times over using DNA polymerase.
Transformation of Recombinant DNA is referring to inserting DNA into a cell. This can be done with numerous methods such as heat shock and electroporation.
5. Which of the following is NOT a part of a nucleotide?a.A phosphate groupb.A sugarc.A base paird.A nitrogenous base
The correct options are:
A. A PHOSPHATE GROUP
B. A SUGAR
D. NITROGENOUS BASE
These molecules comprise the nucleotide. The nitrogenous base in DNA could either be adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil; however, thymine will be replaced by uracil in RNA. Its sugar will be either a ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA).
Who discovered respiratory infections and the pathogen of respiratory infections?
Who discovered respiratory infections and the pathogen of respiratory infections?
Robert M. Chanock.
Born in 1924, July 8th, he originally studied illnesses for children. Later, after being drafted through the army, made the discovery in children, and it was found to be one of the most common reasons for sickness.
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I need help on this question. This is a non graded quiz. Thank you.
The dominant allele is T (it is always represented with the uppercase letter) and it codes for tall. This type of allele masks the effect of another allele.
The recessive allele t (it is represented with a lowercase letter) codes for short. This type off allele has its effect masked by a dominant allele.
When we look at the Punnett square we can see the offspring possible combinations:
TT: 25%
Tt: 50%
tt: 25%
The TT combination results in a tall offspring as the T allele is dominant.
The Tt combination results in tall offspring as T allele is dominant against t allele.
The tt combination results in short as both alleles ar ressesive and code for short.
As a result a 75% of the offspring will be tall and 25% will be short.
The answer is, 25%
The dominant allele is T (it is always represented with the uppercase letter) and it codes for tall. This type of allele masks the effect of another allele.
The recessive allele t (it is represented with a lowercase letter) codes for short. This type off allele has its effect masked by a dominant allele.
When we look at the Punnett square we can see the offspring possible combinations:
TT: 25%
Tt: 50%
tt: 25%
The TT combination results in a tall offspring as the T allele is dominant.
The Tt combination results in tall offspring as T allele is dominant against t allele.
The tt combination results in short as both alleles ar ressesive and code for short.
As a result a 75% of the offspring will be tall and 25% will be short.
The answer is, 25%
A couple who are close family friends of yours are concerned that their children may have a high risk of inheriting cancer from one of them. write a paragraph that describes the steps you would take to 1) Identify if either or both of the parents may contribute to the risk of cancer. 2) explain to the parents how genes may lead to the development of cancers that are not inherited and 3) how they could identify if an embryo ham the genetic components that will lead to cancer?
1.If either or both the parents have cancer,then the risk for contributing in cancer is very high.This can be analyzed with the help of family tree or pedigree analysis.But,its not always that if either one or both parents have cancer than offspring will get cancer.
2.Most cancers are not inherited,most cancers are occur due to genetic changes which a person acquire during his lifetime.The mutations which occur in genes can lead to development of cancer even its not inherited.
3.Tumors may arise from embryonic cells and can be identified by biopsy.