The total consumer surplus for steve, brian, and toby is $10.
What is consumer?
A consumer is a person or a group that is not directly involved in entrepreneurial or business activities and who intends to order as well as uses purchased goods, products, as well as services primarily for personal, social, family, or household needs. The phrase is most frequently used to describe someone who makes purchases for their own use. Any individual or group who makes final use of a good or service is referred to as a consumer. Here are a few instances: a client who spends money having their hair styled and cut by a hairstylist. a business that purchases a printer for business use.
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true or false: the completeness assertion is only concerned with whether all transactions and events that should have been recorded are included in the financial statements.
True . The completeness assertion concerns the recording of all transactions and events that took place throughout the period.
What is assertion ?Financial statement assertions are declarations or guarantees made by businesses on the correctness of the data in their financial statements. The balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement are some of these statements. These claims, often known as management assertions, may be tacit or explicit.
They serve as the official declaration that the presented statistics accurately depict the company's assets and liabilities in accordance with the relevant rules for their measurement and recognition.
This claim confirms that the financial statements are complete and contain all information that must be disclosed for a specific accounting period. A company's whole inventory is also stated to be included in the assertion of completeness.
When a financial statement is said to be complete, it means that all of the transactions it contains happened within the accounting period it covers and that it contains all of the transactions that happened during that period.
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what is the amount of taxes paid for 2014 for $65,000 of taxable income for a single person? (rounded to the nearest dollar and no dollar sign $ or comma needed)
A single person's taxable income of 12,106.
What Is the Marginal Rate for Taxes?The marginal tax rate is the amount of additional tax that must be paid for each dollar of increased income produced. The total amount of tax paid divided by the total income earned is the average tax rate. With a marginal tax rate of 10%, 10% of every subsequent dollar earned would be taxed.
What is the 2022 marginal tax rate?Rates at Margin: Individual single taxpayers with incomes greater than $539,900 will continue to pay the highest tax rate, which is 37% for the tax year 2022 (or 647,850 for married couples filing jointly). For incomes over $215,950, the tax rate is 35% or $431,900 for married couples filing jointly.
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which of the following scenarios would likely shift the supply of cars to the left (decrease in supply)? multiple choice the price of cars decreases. the price of steel and aluminum increase. automobile workers become more productive. the price of automotive paint decreases.
The price of steel and aluminum increased.
Aluminum (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Al includes a density not up to those of alternative common metals, at close to one-third that of steel. it's an excellent affinity towards oxygen and forms a protecting layer of oxide on the surface once exposed to air. Al visually resembles silver, each in its color and in its great ability to replicate light. it's soft, non-magnetic, and ductile. it's one stable atom, 27Al; this isotope is incredibly common, creating aluminum the twelfth most typical element within the Universe.
Chemically, aluminum is a post-transition metal in the boron group; as is common for the group, aluminum forms compounds primarily in the +3 oxidation state. The aluminum cation Al3+ is little and extremely charged; as such, its polarizing, and bonds aluminum forms tend towards covalency.
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g if the mexican nominal exchange rate (foreign currency per peso) does not change, but prices rise faster in mexico than in all other countries, then the mexican real exchange rate a. rises. b. cannot be determined without more information. c. does not change. d. declines.
Mexican real exchange rate increases if the nominal exchange rate (foreign currency per peso) stays the same but prices increase faster in Mexico than in any other nation. Here option A is the right answer.
The value of one currency will increase as the exchange rate changes, while the value of the other currency will decrease. A currency is considered to have appreciated when its value rises. On the other side, a currency is said to have depreciated when its value falls.
An increase in REER indicates a decline in trade competitiveness since it indicates that exports are becoming more expensive while imports are becoming more affordable.
Growth in demand for a currency causes the demand curve to move to the right, ultimately raising the value of the currency sought and driving up the exchange rate.
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of the feasible and efficient points on the production possibilities curve (ppc) above, producing at which point will lead to the most economic growth in the future?
Point N of the production possibilities curve is the point which will lead to the most economic growth in the future.
What is production possibilities curve and how this point will lead to the most economic growth?Production possibilities curve that is ppc curve is a curve between capital goods and consumer goods.In the graph is mentioned several points and the shape of the curve is parabola.Here the question is asked about the point with most economic growth in the future.And the answer will be point N which will depict the most economically productive point.Hence of the feasible and efficient points on the ppc , producing at point N the production will be most.To know more about production visit:
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one-year treasury securities yield 4.65%. the market anticipates that 1 year from now, 1-year treasury securities will yield 5.4%. if the pure expectations theory is correct, what is the yield today for 2-year treasury securities? calculate the yield using a geometric average. do not round intermediate calculations. round your answer to two decimal places.
The yield today for 2-year treasury securities is 5.02%.
What are treasury securities?Treasury securities, which include Treasury bills, notes, and bonds, are debt obligations issued by the United States Treasury. Treasury securities are regarded as one of the safest investments since they are backed by the United States government's full faith and credit.
The yield will be calculated thus:
2-yr T-sec Yield = [(1 + 1-yr Yield) * {1 + E(1-yr rate, 1 yr frm now)}]^1/2- 1
= [(1 + 0.0465) * (1 + 0.054)]^1/2 - 1
= [1.1030]0.5 - 1
= 1.0502 - 1
= 0.0502, or 5.02%
The yield is 5.02%.
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skyler paid the following amounts of interest in 2021: $150 on her personal credit card $9,500 on her home mortgage $750 on a personal car loan, which was not used for business $350 on funds borrowed to purchase tax-exempt securities what is her deductible interest for 2021?
$9,500 is her deductible interest for 2021.
In finance and economics, interest is a charge from a borrower or deposit-taking economic group to a lender or depositor of a quantity above reimbursement of the important sum (that is, the quantity borrowed), at a specific charge. It is wonderful from a fee which the borrower can also additionally pay the lender or a few 1/3 parties.
It is likewise wonderful from a dividend that's paid via way of means of a business enterprise to its shareholders (owners) from its profit or reserve, however now no longer at a specific charge determined beforehand, instead on a seasoned rata foundation as a proportion withinside the praise won via way of means of risk-taking marketers whilst the sales earned exceeds the whole costs.
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in which company would you rather invest? multiple choice question. a company with low gross profit percentage and low sales volume a company with high gross profit percentage and high sales volume a company with low gross profit percentage and high cost of goods sold
In companies I like to invest in is a low percentage of gross profit and high cost of goods sold.
Investment is the activity of placing capital in the form of money or other valuable assets into an object, institution, or party with the hope that the investor or investor will benefit after a certain period of time. Because of the hope of getting profits in the future, this investment is also known as investment. The term investment itself comes from the Italian word, investee which means to use or use. Generally, funds or assets invested by an investor will be developed by the agency or party that manages it. The profits from the development will be distributed to investors as a return in accordance with the provisions between the two parties.
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which are advantages of using index models to solve for optimal risky portfolio? multiple select question. they provide guidance for forecasting security risk premiums. they allow for the explicit decomposition of risk into market and unique components. they employ the full available information on the covariance of assets. they simplify estimation of the covariance matrix.
They provide guidance for forecasting security risk premiums, allow for the explicit decomposition of risk into the market and unique components, and simplify covariance matrix estimation.
What is an optimal risky portfolio?A portfolio that is optimal minimizes risk for a given level of return or maximizes return for a given level of risk. This means that risk and return cannot be viewed separately. To earn higher returns, you must take on more risk. The graphic above shows a clear positive relationship between risk and return.
The higher the risk, the higher the return expectation, and the lower the risk, the lower the return expectation. When choosing an investment portfolio for yourself, you always try to ensure that it is located along this frontier.
If your portfolio is below the curve, it means you are not receiving an adequate return on your investment. If it is above the curve, it means that the returns are greater than the risk. Such a situation is unsustainable, and you should avoid such portfolios.
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using a perpetual inventory system, the effect on the accounting equation of purchasing merchandise on account includes a(n) . (check all that apply.)
Using a perpetual inventory system, the effect of purchasing products on account on the accounting equation includes a rise in liabilities and assets.
A perpetual inventory system is a program that constantly assesses your inventory using computer information rather than a physical inventory. This method starts with a physical inventory as a baseline and adjusts based on sales and shipments.In business and accounting, a perpetual inventory system or continuous inventory system refers to inventory systems in which data on inventory quantity and accessibility is refreshed on a continual basis as a result of doing business.A perpetual inventory system continuously monitors your inventory levels. Updates are conducted automatically when you receive or sell merchandise. Purchases and returns are reflected in your inventory accounts promptly. A supermarket, for example, might use a perpetual inventory system.Thus this is the meaning of perpetual inventory system.
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An entrepreneur wants to start a new business. her most important priorities are having full control over her company and keeping all the profits for herself. which type of business would best suit her needs?
An entrepreneur wants to start a new business. her most important priorities are having full control over her company and keeping all the profits for herself. Sole proprietorship type of business would best suit her needs.
A sole proprietorship, often known as a business owner or a sole ownership, is an independent business with just one owner who is responsible for paying personal tax on the company's profits. Due to the lack of need for a distinct business or trade name, many lone owners conduct their operations under their own names.
Due to the absence of governmental regulation, a sole proprietorship is the most straightforward kind of business to start or terminate. As a result, consultants, single proprietors, and other freelancers frequently operate these kinds of enterprises. The majority of company begin as sole proprietorships and either continue in that format or grow and convert to a corporation or limited liability structure.
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11. during june 2015, bextra inc. recorded sales of $55,000 but only $20,000 was collected in cash from customers. cost of goods sold was $38,000. what was the effect of these sales on bextra's current ratio? current ratio increases current ratio decreases current ratio remains unchanged
These sales will impact Bextra's current ratios as current assets rise and existing obligations stay the same, the current ratio rises.
The current ratio is defined as Total assets/ total liabilities,
Your journal entry will now be based on the following data to report sales:
Debit money: 20,000
35,000 in debit receivables
Revenue from Credit Sales: 55,000
As a journal entry, you would write down:
The price of debt goods Sold is 38,000
38,000 credit goods on hand
According to the data, current assets will increase since 55,000-38,000 will be favorable, while current liabilities will stay the same.
Your ratio will climb if your current assets continue to grow while your current obligations continue to shrink.
Proof of the current ratio can be achieved using random numbers. Therefore, dividing the present 100,000 assets by 50,000 would result in a 2:1 ratio.
The total assets will now be increased to 150,000 and will be divided by current liabilities at a ratio of 50,000 to 3.1.
Consequently, as the current increases, the current ratio rises.
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the primary reason for not considering shutting down the project is called: question 1 options: escalation escalating commitment commitment issues stubbornness managerial escalation
The primary reason for not considering shutting down the project is called: escalation. The process of increasing or rising is known as escalation.
What is escalation ?Escalation in project management refers to an expected increase in uncommitted costs of resources (labour, materials, and equipment) over time as a result of decreased purchasing power of money.
An escalation is defined by the dictionary as an increase in intensity or extent, or an increase to compensate for a perceived disparity. The process of resolving problems or issues can also be referred to as escalation. The Project Manager is in charge of ensuring that the project team members meet milestones and finish the project.
The Project Manager collaborates with the team to develop the Project Plan and manages the team's performance of project tasks. It is also the Project Manager's responsibility to obtain acceptance and approval of deliverables from the Project Sponsor and Stakeholders.
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The element lanthanum has an isotope with an atomic mass of 138. 9 amu and an abundance of 99. 91%. A second isotope has an atomic mass of 137. 9 amu and an abundance of 0. 9%. What is the average atomic mass of lanthanum?.
If the element lanthanum has an isotope with an atomic mass of 138. 9 amu and an abundance of 99. 91%. A second isotope has an atomic mass of 137. 9 amu and an abundance of 0. 9%. the average atomic mass of lanthanum is 138.9 amu.
Average atomic mass of lanthanumUsing this formula to find the average atomic mass of lanthanum
X= f1m1 + f2m2
Where:
X = Average atomic mass
f = Atomic mass of the isotope
m = Natural abundance of the isotope in decimal
Now let plug in the formula
Average mass of lanthanum= ( 138.9 amu × 0.9991 ) + ( 137.9 amu × 0.0009)
Average mass of lanthanum = 138.77499 amu + 0.12411 amu
Average mass of lanthanum = 138.89 amu
Average mass of lanthanum = 138.9 (Approximately)
Therefore we can conclude that 138.9 amu is the average mass of lanthanum.
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The correct question is:
The element lanthanum has an isotope with an atomic mass of 138. 9 amu and an abundance of 99. 91%. A second isotope has an atomic mass of 137. 9 amu and an abundance of 0.09%. What is the average atomic mass of lanthanum?.
which statement best characterizes international market segmentation? multiple choice it makes it easy to compare characteristics across nations. it is easier to conduct than domestic market segmentation. it is a challenging process to complete. it typically does not provide any useful data. it is a relatively inexpensive process.
International Market segmentation is a challenging process to complete.
There are six main international segmentation techniques that this bankruptcy discusses: geographic/region; financial factors; political/criminal factors; cultural elements; move-market segmentation; and micro-marketing.
Agencies can normally use 3 standards to discover exclusive market segments: Homogeneity, or not unusual needs inside a section. distinction, or being particular from different groups. reaction, or a comparable response to the marketplace.
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market power a. is the capability to increase price without losing all sales. b. exists whenever the firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve. c. is greater the less elastic is demand. d. is smaller the more positive is the cross-price elasticity of demand with respect to rival goods. e. all of the above.
E) Market power encompasses all of the aforementioned.
How does market power work?Market power is the ability of a company to influence supply, demand, or both in order to change the price of a product in the marketplace. A company with significant market power has the power to control its profit margin by manipulating the market price.
It may also be able to raise barriers for potential new entrants into the market. Because they can set or change the retail price of an item without giving up market share, companies with market power are frequently referred to as "price makers." Pricing power is another name for market power.
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murphy incorporated, which produces a single product, has provided the following data for its most recent month of operation: number of units produced 14,900 variable costs per unit: direct materials $ 151 direct labor $ 72 variable manufacturing overhead $ 8 variable selling and administrative expenses $ 12 fixed costs: fixed manufacturing overhead $ 923,800 fixed selling and administrative expenses $ 357,600 the company had no beginning or ending inventories. required: a. compute the unit product cost under absorption costing. b. compute the unit product cost under variable costing.
In a business that manufactures items, the cost of the unit product is used to calculate how much of the cost of completed goods inventories should be charged to the cost of goods sold expense when sales are made. Variable costing and absorption costing approach fixed manufacturing expenses differently, resulting in a difference in unit product cost.
Keep in mind that the cost of a product only ever includes the costs of manufacturing, not the costs of marketing or administrative expenditures. Because we include the fixed manufacturing expenses in the unit product cost under absorption costing but do not under variable costing, there is a difference between the two:
Fixed manufacturing overhead (Per Unit)= Fixed manufacturing overhead/ no. of units produced= 923800/14900 = $62
Absorption costing:
(Product Cost per unit)
Direct Material= $151
Direct Labor= $72
Variable manufacturing Overhead= $8
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead= $62
Absorption Cost= $151 + $72+$8 +$62 = $293
Variable costing:
(product cost per unit)
Direct Material =$151
Direct Labor= $72
Variable manufacturing Overhead= $8
Variable Costing= $151 + $72 + $8= $231
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at december 31 of the prior year and current year, jet corp. had 100,000 shares of common stock and 10,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value noncumulative preferred stock outstanding. no dividends were declared on either the preferred or the common stock in the prior year and current year. net income for the current year was $1,000,000. compute basic earnings per common share for the current year.
The amount of dividends that common investors will get this year is $950,000.
Detailed solution
as evidence
10,000 shares
rate = 5%
each worth $100
dividend = $1 million
finding out
amount of dividends that common investors have received
solution
First Annual Preferred Stock Dividend received, that is
(10000 x $100) 5% annual preferred stock dividend
$50000 is the annual preferred stock dividend.
and we are aware that the prior year saw no dividends declared.
hence, the dividend paid to holders of common stock will be
$1,000,000 - $50000 is the dividend paid to common stockholders.
$950,000 was the dividend paid to common stockholders.
therefore, the ordinary stockholders received $950,000 in dividends this year.
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How many job openings are projected for Community Health Workers across the
United States between 2019-2029?
64,900
7,600
362,600
2,109
Between 2019 and 2029, the United States is expected to have 362,600 job openings for Community Health Workers. On average, 16,000 openings for health education specialists and community health workers are expected each year over the next decade.
What is health education?Health education is a profession that teaches people about their health. Environmental health, physical health, social health, emotional health, intellectual health, spiritual health, and sexual and reproductive health education are all areas covered by this profession. Health education entails communicating information about the underlying social, economic, and environmental conditions that affect health, as well as individual risk factors and risk behaviors, and how to use the health care system.A good education is the foundation for good health and well-being. People need knowledge to prevent sickness and disease in order to live healthy and productive lives. Children and adolescents must be well-nourished and healthy in order to learn.To learn more about health education, refer to:
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melvin charges a fee of $1,080 for merchandise purchased by a customer. assuming that the amount includes 8% of sales tax, melvin should credit sales tax payable for:
Melvin should credit $80 in sales tax payable (reference: $1,080 - (1,080/1.08)).
Tax are mandatory financial charges or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures. Failure to pay, as well as evasion or resistance to taxation, is illegal and punishable by law.
Taxes can be direct or indirect, and they can be paid in cash or in sales tax. The purpose of taxation is to finance public goods and services such as roads, schools, and national defense.
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a company assigns overhead based on direct labor costs. the predetermined overhead rate is $3.00 per direct labor dollar. a job that used a total of 20 direct labor hours ($400 in total direct labor costs) would be assigned $
Answer: $1200
Explanation:
What are some social media platforms that the social media manager may have to manage?
Some of the platforms that a social media manager would have to manage are the platforms such as:
Instagr/amFace bookTwit/terWhats appWho is a social media manager?This is the term that is used to refer to the job role that a person would have to be given. The social media manager is a person that has to take care of reaching the audience that the business has.
The role that the person would have would have to do with giving information as well as meeting the needs of the consumers concerning the products.
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Instagr/am, Face book, Twit/ter, tele/gram and Whats app are some social media platforms that the social media manager may have to manage.
What is social media?A computer-based tool known as "social media" enables the sharing of concepts, ideas, and knowledge through online communities and networks. Users of social media can rapidly share anything via the internet, including videos, photos, documents, and private information.
Through social media platforms, users can have discussions, exchange information, and create material for the web.
Thus, Instagr/am, Face book, Twit/ter, tele/gram and Whats app.
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which of the following would not cause a shift in aggregate demand? a. a fall in the cost of production b. a reduction in income tax c. a reduction in interest rates d. an increase in government spending
The correct option is a. Fall in the cost of production would not cause a shift in aggregate demand.
The total quantity of demand for all products and services generated in an economy is measured as aggregate demand. The total amount of money spent on those services and goods at a particular price level and time is known as aggregate demand. A macroeconomic concept known as "aggregate demand" refers to the total demand for products and services during a specific time period at any given price level. Since the two indicators are computed in the same way, aggregate demand is equal to GDP over the long run. Aggregate demand is the desire or demand for those products, whereas GDP is the total value of goods and services produced in an economy.
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business-to-business firms generally use three types of segmentation. what is one of them? multiple choice lifestyle segmentation behavioral segmentation vals segmentation attitude segmentation motivation segmentation
Markets can be divided geographically, demographically, or behaviorally, among other ways.
Which three main types of segmentation are there?Segmentation of Psychographic Data. The consumer's values, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes, interests, and behaviors are addressed by this method of segmentation.Segmentation of the Population...Geographical division.What are the three psychographic segments of the market?Personality, Lifestyle, Social Status, AIO (Activities, Interests, Opinions), and Attitudes are the five psychographic segmentation variables that can be used to prepare homogeneous segments for proper research.
Product positioning, market segmentation, and market targeting make up the three-step funnel. During the phase of your research-based market segmentation, you want to determine important characteristics that will set each market segment apart and establish a foundation for segmenting your target customers.
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As a ground control employee at the airport, neal uses hand signals to guide the planes to the tarmac. Which element of nonverbal communication is neal using?.
Based on the fact that Neal who is a ground control employee at the airport uses hand signals to guide the planes to the tarmac, the element of nonverbal communication which Neal is using is known as gestures
What is Non-Verbal Communication?This refers to the type of communication that is used by a person to send a message to a person and to receive feedback and some examples or elements of this nonverbal communication include the use of expressions, gestures, paralinguistics, etc
Hence, we can see that because Neal uses hand signals in order to direct the planes onto the tarmac based on his job description as a ground control employee at the airport, he is making use of gestures.
With this in mind and from the given explanation, it can be seen that the element of nonverbal communication which Neal is using is known as gestures
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which code of entry provides advantages to a multinational firm that can be transferred within the firm at very low cost? a. indirect exports b. licensing c. ownership d. externalization g
(b)Licensing provides advantages to a multinational firm that can be transferred within the firm at very low cost.
What is licensing ?
In order to manufacture and advertise one or more of a firm's products within a specific market region, you must seek permission from the company (the "licensor"). In most cases, the business that acquires these rights (the licensee) consents to pay the original owner a royalty fee.
Songs, sports team logos, intellectual property, software, and technology are a few examples of things that can be licensed.
Why is licensing important?
By enforcing norms that limit practice to competent people who have met particular requirements in terms of education, job experience, and tests, professional licensure protects the public.
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the two important accounting issues related to self-constructed assets are multiple choice question. interest charges and date placed in service. historical cost and useful life. allocation of overhead and depreciation rates. interest charges and allocation of overhead.
The allocation of overhead and the management of interest costs are the two crucial accounting concerns pertaining to self-constructed assets.
The distribution of indirect expenses to manufactured commodities is known as overhead allocation. The regulations of several accounting frameworks mandate it. The overhead allocation method may be significant in many firms where the quantity of overhead to be allocated is significantly more than the direct cost of goods.
Examples include office utilities and rent, administrative pay, marketing expenses, general liability insurance, and many more. G&A helps you take on and bill work; yet, despite variations in your job development and labor, they are, in one sense, rather consistent.
Typically, interest costs are added to the profit and loss statement. However, such interest expenditure (borrowing cost) should be capitalized to cost of the underlying asset if specific conditions stated for capitalization as per AS 16 Borrowing Costs are met.
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which of the three major u.s. labor relations laws is considered to be the most pro-management? the taft-hartley act the landrum-griffin act the wagner act
The Taft-Hartley Act, the Landrum-Griffin Act, and the Wagner Act are all key labor relations acts in the United States that are considered to be the most pro-management.
What is National Labor Relations Act?Congress approved the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") in 1935, making it clear that the United States objective is to foster collective bargaining by safeguarding employees' complete freedom of organization. The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) safeguards workplace democracy by granting employees in the private sector the fundamental freedom to seek improved working conditions and designation of representation without fear of punishment.
The Taft-Hartley Act- The Taft-Hartley Act, often known as the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, is a United States federal legislation that restricts labor unions' operations and power. The 80th United States Congress passed it over President Harry S. Truman's veto. The Landrum-Griffin Act- The Landrum-Griffin Act safeguarded employees' union membership rights against unfair union activities, and the National Labor Relations Act safeguarded employee rights against unreasonable employer or union practices.The Wagner Act - Section 7 of the Wagner Act granted employees the freedom to establish and join unions, and it required employers to bargain collectively with unions chosen by a majority of employees in an authorized bargaining unit.To know more about Labour Act, click
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the business school of fau, boca raton, fl, has the capacity to enroll 1,500 business students in its class offerings every semester. nevertheless, the dean of the college, fr. francis bertram, to facilitate student learning and interaction, has limited the enrollment to 1,200 students. despite a high demand for business courses, schedule conflicts and financial needs allowed only 1,100 students to enroll in business courses. compute the capacity efficiency of this educational system.
the capacity efficiency of this educational system is more than 90%
Efficiency = 91.67%
Performance is the regularly measurable potential to avoid losing materials, power, effort, money, and time in doing something or in generating the desired result. In an extra well-known sense, it's miles the capability to do matters properly, efficiently, and without waste. As described by way of Deborah Stone, efficiency is "accordingly no longer an intention in itself. It isn't something we need for its own sake, however instead as it allows us to reap extra of the things we price." In more mathematical or scientific terms, it indicates the extent of overall performance that uses the least amount of inputs to attain the very best amount of output. It often especially comprises the capability of a selected software to attempt to produce a specific final result with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, fee, or unnecessary effort.
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it is fair to say that monetizing the benefits of environmental improvements is challenging. some researchers have therefore argued that policymakers should themselves determine the goals of environmental policies in terms of how much pollution abatement should be required, and then incentive-based environmental policy instruments should be used to achieve these goals in a cost-effective manor. examples of such incentive-based policies include all of the following except: select one: a. taxes on pollution. b. tradeable permits. c. subsidies to abatement. d. command-and-control policies.
Option (b) is the best choice. All of the following, with the exception of tradeable permits, are instances of such incentive-based regulations.
What are tradeable licenses?A tool of economic policy that allows for the free or restricted exchange of permits for the use of resources or the release of pollution.
Production technologies and management practices that are relatively intense in the emission of a given pollutant lose some of their market appeal as a result of a tradeable permit system since it raises the opportunity cost associated with doing so.
What are two devices based on incentives or the economy?Economic theory and modeling exercises suggest that incentive-based instruments like pollution fees and tradeable permits are more economical than conventional forms of regulation.
What kinds of environmental regulations function as incentives?Fees, charges, and taxes are frequently employed incentives that typically impose a monetary charge (or fee, tax, or fee) on each unit of waste or pollutant emissions in order to lower the overall quantity.
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