Artificial intelligence (AI) is the replication of human intellect in robots that are trained to think like people and copy their activities.
What three forms of AI are there?Artificial intelligence can be classified as Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), which has a limited set of capabilities, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which has capabilities similar to those of humans, and Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), which has capabilities that are greater than those of humans. Narrow AI or weak AI are other names for artificially limited intelligence, or ANI.
A computer software known as an expert system use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to mimic the decision-making and actions of a person or group of people who have knowledge and experience in a certain subject. Expert systems are often designed to support human experts rather than to replace them.
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Seven years later, you come back to the beach. this time you can find no starfish with 6 legs. (d) given the most recent allele frequencies you know, is this what you would expect?
There is no six-legged starfish in existence. Fixation may be to blame. Fixation is a condition in which there is only one allele in the population and the other allele is extinct.
Given that in total 26 starfish are normal and 1 has 6 legs.
Genotypic frequency of 6 legs is 1/27 =0.037.
Genotypic frequency is always 1 and is given by p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.
Allelic frequency = p + q = 1
So, frequency of p = 1-0.19 = 0.81
After 2 years, the Chi-square value:
Observed Expected O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E
5 leg: 0.81 0.6 0.16 0.0256 0.039385
6 leg: 0.19 0.35 -0.16 0.0256 0.073143
0.112527
So Chi-square value is 0.112527.
Genotypic frequency of 6 legs is 4/31 =0.129
q2 = 0.129q = 0.35P = 1 - 0.35
P = 0.65
So new allelic frequency for 6 legs is 0.35.
New allelic frequency for 5 legs is 0.65.
This random change of allelic frequency is called as genetic drift.
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Question correction:
On your Spring Break in Mexico, you take a break to count the starfish in a tidal pool. You notice that there is a rare recessive trait that causes the starfish to have 6 legs instead of 5. Of the 27 starfish you can find, only 1 has 6 legs. What are the allele frequencies for this population? Two years later, you return to the same beach and count the starfish again. This time you find 4 starfish out of 31 that have 6 legs. Are the genotype frequencies the same as two years earlier? Test using Chi square. If it is not, calculate the new allele frequencies. Given that the current mutation rate is O and that there is no natural selection acting on these starfish, what is this random change in allele frequency called?)
Seven years later, you come back to the beach. This time you can find no starfish with 6 legs. Given the most recent allele frequencies you know, is this what you would expect? (What is the complete loss of a allele called?)
The activity of creatine kinase is increased by a rise in ____ levels in the muscle fiber.
The activity of creatine kinase is increased by a rise in adenosine diphosphate or ADP levels in the muscle fiber.
What is adenosine diphosphate (or ADP)?Adenosine diphosphate (or ADP) is the byproduct of cellular work that uses ATP to generate different metabolic functions in the cell such as movement, growth, reproduction, etc.
In conclusion, the activity of creatine kinase is increased by a rise in adenosine diphosphate or ADP levels in the muscle fiber.
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How is migration based on circannual rhythms poorly suited for adaptation to global climate change?
If the climate changes early, causing their food source to bloom early, then when the birds migrate, they won't have a food source to survive on.
What is migration ?The act of moving a person or individuals to another country, area, place of residence, etc.; an example of this. First and foremost, moving is a typical human action. Humans have always relocated to new places from their original "country, area, and place of abode."
Both the beginning of the fall migration and the beginning of the spring migration are caused by cyclical rhythms. For birds that spend the winter close to the equator, when the environment is insufficiently stable or unpredictable to offer reliable time cues, this function of timing migrations is especially crucial.Learn more about Migration here:
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Write a short essay on Captain robber barons
Answer:
Wow you didn’t need to report me
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, during the climax of the American Industrial Revolution, there was a small group of men who owned the major businesses and were leaders of their industries. They owned factories, railroads, banks, and even created company towns for the sole purpose of housing their workers. Due to the efforts of these few men, the U.S. economy became the envy of the world, and America became a leading world power. They provided the public with products that were in high demand for reasonable prices, and opened their markets to countries overseas. Although many people believe the early industrialists were Robber Barons who exploited the poor, these great men were truly Captains of Industry who created new ways of doing…show more content…Although some of these criticisms are well founded, men like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller were, in fact, Captains of Industry because they employed millions and created new ways of doing business. Before all these industrialists can along, America was just another country that had little significance to the world. If it was not for them, we as a nation would not be where we are today. The industrialists prospered mainly due to their wit, and the many innovations that they brought to their various fields of business. They created monopolies because they were the most effective forms of enterprise, and there were no laws that prohibited or restricted their use. As John D. Rockefeller himself said, "I believe in the spirit of combination and cooperation when properly conducted.It helps to reduce waste, and waste is a dissipation of power."(Danzer 424) Critics say that these men ruthlessly took over their fields of business, and "did not play fair". What's wrong with striving for success? What's wrong with being efficient? What's wrong with making a product that no one can equal? What's wrong with besting your competitors? Nothing.
Why should we be cautious when interpreting many of the reports linking certain aspects of brain anatomy to behavior?
Examining the impact of brain injury is one method of studying brain-behavior interactions. If someone experiences a loss as a result of brain trauma, that area contributes to that behaviour in some manner.
Which portion of the brain is responsible for movement and instinctive reflexes?The brain stem is in charge of reflexes and automatic functions (such as heart rate and blood pressure), as well as limb motions and visceral processes (digestion, urination). The cerebellum combines location and movement information from the vestibular system and uses it to control limb movements.
Neuroimaging enables functional investigations of the brain and its connections. The fundamental goal of neurorehabilitation for a stroke patient is to have other brain areas take over the functions of the parts that have been damaged.
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What insight about the genetic basis of behavior emerges from studying the effects of courtship mutations in fruit flies and of pairbonding in voles?
Studying the genetic basis of these behaviors reveals that changes in a single gene can have large-scale effects on even complex behaviors.
What is courtship mutations ?A deviation from the typical DNA sequence at a certain gene locus. Although the phrase is frequently associated with negativity, mutations (including polymorphisms) can affect cell activity in ways that are negative, positive, or neutral.
The two types of mutations known as frame-shifts are insertions and deletions, which are the type of mutations. A change in the reading frame of the genetic code will result from the addition or deletion of nucleotides that are not multiples of 3. Insertions change the DNA by introducing one or more additional nucleotides.Learn more about Mutation here:
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aquaporins are proteins embedded in the plasma membrane that allow water molecules to move between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular space. based on its function and location, describe the key features of the protein’s shape and the chemical characteristics of its amino acids.
The aquaporins are channel proteins that form cylindrical shape, being embedded across the whole membrane. Since the protein crosses the entire membrane, it must have hydrophilic polar amino acids at the top and bottom whereas, the integral part of the channel must have hydrophobic amino acids on the outer side and hydrophilic amino acids on the inner channel side.
Aquaporins are the channel proteins that mediate the transport of water molecules across the membrane from its region of higher concentration to the region of lower water concentration, i.e. passive transport. They can also transport some very small solute particles.
Channel proteins are those involved in passive transport. They do not undergo any conformational change to transport the molecules.
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Carolyn is home alone when she hears someone trying to open her front door. she is immediately frightened. which brain area is involved in her emotional response?
The brain area that gets activated after being frightened is amygdala.
Brain is the largest organ and the most complex one. It is the center for regulating each and every activity of the complete body. The brain regulates the thoughts, memory, decision-making, equilibrium, posture, responses to stimulus, etc.
Amygdala is the region of the brain located in the medial temporal lobe. It regulates the emotions and the emotional behavior of a person. It specially gets activated upon the sensing of threat and fear. The other emotions it regulates are: anger and pleasure. If the amygdala becomes non-functional in an organism, the person loses the sense of fear.
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Given that a typical excretory system selectively absorbs and secretes materials, what function does filtration serve?
The function does filtration serve is
The nephron is the kidney's functional unit. Millions of nephrons make up each kidney, and they all contribute significantly to the filtration and purification of blood. The nephron is split into the glomerulus and renal tubule, which work together to remove extra waste from the body.
Although the proximal tubules of both types of nephrons are capable of absorbing nutrients, only juxtamedullary nephrons have Henle loops that go deep inside the renal medulla. Therefore, the only kidneys that can produce urine that is more concentrated than the blood are those that have juxtamedullary nephrons.The structural and operational unit of the kidney is the nephron. It filters the blood and reabsorbs the vital nutrients to control the levels of water and minerals like sodium.To know more about Nephron visit:
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The Hubbard Brook watershed deforestation experiment yielded all of the following results except: a. Most minerals were recycled within a forest ecosystem. b. Calcium levels remained high in the soil of deforested areas. c. Deforestation increased water runoff. d. The nitrate concentration in waters draining the deforested area became dangerously high.
The Hubbard Brook watershed deforestation experiment yielded all of the following results except b. Calcium levels remained high in the soil of deforested areas.
Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. during records and into modern instances, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing and to attain timber for fuel, production, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the sector.
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a wooded area or stands of trees from land this is then transformed into non-wooded area use. Deforestation can involve the conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or for city use. The maximum concentrated deforestation takes place in tropical rainforests.
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If researchers instead used tissue from intestinal muscles rather than brains, they found no naloxone binding. What does that suggest about opiate receptors in mammalian muscle?
Myenteric and submucosal neurons as well as immune cells in the lamina propria all have -opioid receptors in the human gut. The gastrointestinal opioid system explained.
What is the naloxone binding?The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the drug naloxone for use in treating opioid overdoses.
It can reverse and prevent the effects of other opioids including heroin, morphine, and oxycodone because it binds to opioid receptors and is an opioid antagonist.
Because it binds to opioid receptors and inhibits or reverses the actions of other opioids, naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist.
Therefore, opiate receptors in mammalian muscle are suggested.
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a bacteria was added to a solution containing penicillin. after several days, the bacterial cells appeared healthy and unaffected by the penicillin. what can be inferred about the tonicity of the solution in which the bacteria were placed?
The tonicity of the solution was inferred from the given statement based on the placement of Gram-negative bacteria.
What are the bacteria known as?Bacteria are tiny, single-celled creatures. Bacteria, which are vital to the world's ecosystems, are present almost everywhere. Some species can thrive in environments that have high pressure and temperatures.. In fact, it's believed that bacterial cells outnumber human cells in the human body. Instead of beaks, bacteria use proteins or enzymes to help them convert various nutrients into forms that may be used for energy.
What are characteristics of bacteria?Being unicellular, prokaryotic, tiny, lacking of a nucleus, and possessing a plasma membrane are the five characteristics that define bacteria. All bacteria share these characteristics.
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Can someone help me with this
Answer:
b should be the correct answer.
Compared with a basic solution at pH 9 , the same volume of an acidic solution at pH4 has times as many hydrogen ions (H').
The same volume of an acidic solution at pH 4 has 100000 times as many hydrogen ions (H+) at pH 9
How to determine the hydrogen ion concentration, [H+] at pH 9From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
pH = 9Hydrogen ion concentration [H+] =?pH = –Log [H+]
9 = –Log [H+]
Multiply through by –1
–9 = Log [H+]
Take the anti-log of –9
[H+] = anti-log (–9)
[H+] = 1×10⁻⁹ M
How to determine the hydrogen ion concentration, [H+] at pH 4From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
pH = 4Hydrogen ion concentration [H+] =?pH = –Log [H+]
4 = –Log [H+]
Multiply through by –1
–4 = Log [H+]
Take the anti-log of –4
[H+] = anti-log (–4)
[H+] = 1×10⁻⁴ M
Comparison of [H+] at pH 9 and pH 4[H+] at pH 9 = 1×10⁻⁹ M[H+] at pH 4 = 1×10⁻⁴ MComparison =?Comparison = [H+] at pH 4 / [H+] at pH 9
[H+] at pH 4 / [H+] at pH 9 = 1×10⁻⁴ / 1×10⁻⁹
[H+] at pH 4 / [H+] at pH 9 = 100000
Cross multiply
[H+] at pH 4 = 100000 × [H+] at pH 9
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"Lactose-intolerant" people have a shortage of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose in milk. As a result, they sometimes develop cramps, bloating, or diarrhea after consuming dairy products. Suppose such a person ate yogurt containing bacteria that produce lactase. Why would eating yogurt likely provide at best only temporary relief of the symptoms?
Yogurt is an excellent way to consume calcium in the diet without having any issues for someone who is lactose intolerant because it is easier to digest than milk.
Yogurt contains bacteria that can form a mutualistic relationship with the small intestine and absorb blood carbohydrates like glucose and galactose, converting them into energy.Undigested lactose can result in symptoms such stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhea, gas, and nausea as well as the possibility of developing lactase deficiency. There is no such medication to stop the body from producing lactose.Products made from lactose-free milk can aid in simple digestion and lessen discomfort, bloating, or diarrhea. Tablets containing lactase enzyme and probiotics might be given to temporarily alleviate symptoms. Avoiding lactose-containing dairy products like milk or milk products is advised.Since the environment in a yogurt culture is different from that of the small intestine, bacteria are eliminated there before they can establish a mutualistic relationship with the small intestine. These bacteria can convert disaccharides into sugars that are taken into the blood and used as fuel in the small intestine.Learn more about the lactose intolerance with the help of the given link:
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what would he use for a control group in this expirnment
The domestication of plants and animals in areas near the indus, huang he, nile, and tigris-euphrates rivers resulted in the development of villages and cities. The growth of early settled communities contributed to?.
The domestication of plants and animals resulted in the development of villages and cities. The growth of early settled communities contributed to the development of political and religious institutions.
The term "domestication" refers to taming an animal, growing plants for sustenance, making someone lovable and devoted at home, as well as undertaking chores related to that profession or vocation. The domestication of plants and animals in areas near the Indus, Huang he, nile, and tigris-euphrates rivers resulted in the development of villages and cities which in turn contributed to the development of political and religious institutions.
The domestication of animals refers to the mutual relationship between animals and humans who influence their care and reproduction. It means to adapt (an animal or plant) over time from a wild or natural state, particularly through selective breeding to live in close association with and to the benefit of humans.
Charles Darwin identified a select few characteristics that distinguished domesticated creatures from their wild progenitors. The process of domesticating wild flora and animals for human use. For food, labor, clothing, medicine, and a variety of other uses, domestic animals are raised.
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Which three functional groups are part of the basic structure of every amino acid?.
Amino acids contain three functional groups: a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a radical group.
What is an amino acid?Amino acids are organic molecules that will form the structural pillars to form proteins. These are going to be made up of a structure having in common all of them a carboxyl group, an amino group and a radical group that is in which they are going to differentiate to have their own property.
Animoacids not only have the structure to form proteins but can also be messengers for certain nervous reactions or also for the biosynthesis of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and urea.
Thanks to the R group and the difference of each amino acid in it, 20 types of amino acids are known.
Amino acids will also be involved in the regulation and maintenance of the body since they will also be part of enzymes or hormones.
Therefore, we can confirm that amino acids contain three functional groups: a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a radical group.
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acetylcholine is a signaling molecule that elicits responses from heart muscle cells, salivary gland cells, and skeletal muscle cells. which of the following statements is false? group of answer choices
Acetylcholine is a signaling molecule used as a neurotransmitter that elicits responses from heart cells, muscle cells, salivary gland cells, and skeletal muscle cells . True statement.
Neurotransmitter is a chemical that is used to transmit the nerve impulse from one cell to another. They diffuse from the membrane of the pre-synaptic cell into the synapses and binds with the receptors of the post-synaptic cell to generate an action potential in that cell.
There are different compounds that can be used as a neurotransmitter in the body like acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine, serotonin, etc.
Acetylcholine is a organic compound which is derived from ester of acetic acid and choline. it is used as a neurotransmitter in our body.
It is used as a neurotransmitter in the synapses of heart cells, muscle cells, salivary glands and skeletal muscles in our body.
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mark the following statements as true or false. although food is not allowed in the lab, covered drinks are allowed
The statement 'although food is not allowed in the lab, covered drinks are allowed' is false.
Strict rules are to be followed inside a lab in order for lab observations to be contamination free and also for protecting oneself from any harm.
Bringing food or drinks inside a lab can be a source of contamination to a lab as it might have some microorganisms present in it. Also, it might happen that some infectious agent from the lab might contaminate the food or drink causing serious adverse effects on the health of the lab worker.
Covered drinks should also not be allowed in labs because the infectious agents are small enough to make an entry through the covered drink. They can lead to contamination of the lab or the drink. Hence, food or covered drinks both should not be allowed in a lab.
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can you pick out the mossy leaf-tailed gecko lying against the tree trunk in this photo? discuss how the gecko’s appearance might benefit its survival. given what you learned about evolution, natural selection, and genetic information in this chapter, describe how the gecko’s coloration might have evolved.
The gecko's ability to hunt insects is probably facilitated by its coloring. And This coloration likely makes it harder for the gecko to be seen by predators. Gecko has character of Camouflage which helps in terms of food and escaping from predators.
The definition of camouflage:Camouflage is the concealment or disguise of anything through covering it up or altering its appearance. Something (such as a color or shape) that makes it difficult to see an animal in its immediate surroundings, protecting it from attack camouflage verb the state of being camouflaged.
Which four types of camouflage are there?The four fundamental types of camouflage are disruptive coloration, disguise, and mimicry.
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The number of times the path of the sun on the celestial sphere crosses the celestial equator is?
The number of times the path of the sun on the celestial sphere crosses the celestial equator is two times in a year. The celestial sphere in the earth system is like an imaginary line that houses all objects in space.
What is celestial equator?Celestial equator is a great and big circle in which the celestial sphere meet or intersect with the equator. It is an extension of the earths equator and it is equidistant to the celestial poles. Celestial sphere is use in the earth centric system to properly position objects in space.
Therefore, The number of times the path of the sun on the celestial sphere crosses the celestial equator is two times in a year.
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Would a pair of haploid offspring produced by parthenogenesis be genetically identical? Explain.
No, two haploid offspring produced by parthenogenesis would not be genetically identical
because the cells that the organisms grow from would be the products of meiosis and therefore the chromosomes in each cell would be random and unlikely to be the same.
Parthenogenesis is a kind of reproduction from an ovum without fertilization, especially as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants, but also occurs in fish, reptiles, and amphibians.
Parthenogenesis is useful Because it allows female animals to reproduce when no males are available to reproduce with and it is not useful too because it decreases genetic diversity
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List the following in order from smallest to biggest
Biome community ecosystem biosphere habitat
The independent Variable is…
Question 1 options:
The only variable that changes
The freedom of the variable
The measurement
The variable that stays the same
The independent variable is the variable that changes.
An independent variable is one that you adjust, control, or modify in an experimental study to look at its consequences. Because it is unaffected by any other study variables, it is called "independent."
The independent variable in an experiment is the thing you modify, and the dependent variable is the thing that changes as a result of the independent variable.
This is an easy way to conceive of independent and dependent variables. The independent variable can alternatively be viewed as the cause, and the dependent variable as the result.
Predictor variables are another name for independent variables. This is so that changes in reaction can be "predicted" and explained using this variable. For instance, an independent variable like the amount of fertilizers can help us to know how much plant growth will occur.
Hence, Independent variable is the only variable that changes.
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Name one or more membrane activities that occur both in fertilization of an egg and in neurotransmission across a synapse (see Figure 47.3 ).
Membrane fusion is the membrane activity that occurs both in the fertilization of an egg and in neurotransmission across a synapse.
What is membrane fusion?One of life's most essential processes, membrane fusion, happens when two distinct lipid membranes combine to form a single continuous bilayer. Fusion reactions have similar characteristics, but different proteins operate as their catalysts. In order to destabilize the lipid/water barrier and start the mixing of the lipids, these proteins facilitate the first identification of the membranes that are intended for fusion and bring the membranes close together.
To provide strict control in space and time, assemblies of protein complexes or a single fusion protein may be all that is needed for intracellular fusion processes. In order to effect the merging of the bilayers, cellular fusion machines are modified to suit the requirements of various reactions, but they function according to similar principles.
Therefore, membrane fusion is the membrane activity that occurs both in the fertilization of an egg and in neurotransmission across a synapse.
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Where is simple columnar epithelium located?
a. lining of the small intestine
b. lining the esophagus
c. lining of the nasal cavity
d. forming the air sacs of the lungs
if protein a has a pi of 3.1, protein b has a pi of 6.8, and protein c has a pi of 8.9, which protein would elute first from a cation exchange column at ph 7?
If protein A has a pI of 3.1, protein B has a pI of 6.8, and protein C has a pI of 8.9 protein A would elute first from a cation exchange column at pH 7. Option A
This is further explained below.
What is protein?Generally, An incredibly complex, naturally occurring molecule known as a protein is made up of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.
All living things include proteins, which are the building blocks of several vital biological substances including enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
In conclusion, Protein A would be the first protein to elute from a cation exchange column at a pH of 7 if protein A has a pI of 3.1, protein B has a pI of 6.8, and protein C has a pI of 8.9. Alternative A
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Complete question
If protein A has a pI of 3.1, protein B has a pI of 6.8, and protein C has a pI of 8.9, which protein would elute first from a cation exchange column at pH 7?
a) protein A
b) protein B
c) protein C
d) All three proteins would elute at the same time
This experiment is an example of a research approach in which scientists infer how something works normally based on what happens when the normal process is blocked. What normal process was blocked in Jost's experiment? From the results, what inference can you make about the role of the gonads in controlling the development of mammalian genitalia?
When the normal process is blocked in Jost's experiment then the normal way the embryos would develop as he removed the parts in all the embryos in his experiment that would develop that are from the gonads.
Male and female gonads are the most important regenerative organs. The testicles are the male balls, and the ovaries are the female genitals. These regenerative framework organs are liable for the advancement of male and female gametes, which are expected for sexual proliferation.
In Jost's experiment, the typical cycle impacted is the hormone creation by the embryo’s gonads during advancement. The job of these gonads in creating mammalian genitalia was that without a sign from the male balls, all embryos create as female, whether or not they are hereditarily male (XY) or female (XX).
The experiment suggests that without the signal from the male gonads, whether the embryo is male or female, they would develop as male.
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How does the second law of thermodynamics explain why an ecosystem's energy supply must be continually replenished (see Concept 8.1)?
The second law of thermodynamics explain why an ecosystem's energy supply must be continually replenished because it states that in any energy transfer or transformation, some of the energy is lost to its surroundings as heat.
What is Energy?This is defined as the ability to do work and usually causes different types of changes in a biological system and examples include chemical energy, heat energy etc.
In energy transfer or transformation there is no 100 percent efficiency and some of the energy is lost to its surroundings as heat. If the energy supply is not replenished then it will led to a shortage of energy available for organisms in the ecosystem which will led to the death of all life forms.
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