There are two main types of driver genes: mut-driver genes and epi-driver genes. Mut-driver genes are genes that are mutated in such a way that they cause cancer. Epi-driver genes are genes that are not mutated, but that are overexpressed in cancer cells.
Passenger gene mutations are mutations that are not thought to play a role in causing cancer. However, driver genes can have passenger gene mutations. For example, a driver gene may be mutated in such a way that it causes cancer, but it may also have a passenger gene mutation that does not contribute to the cancer.
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Explain how ice floating on the surface of a body of water affects the water in a way that is beneficial to the organisms in it.
ice floating on the surface of a body of water insulate the water in a way that the ice layer insulates the water below it by insulating the top of lakes and seas, allowing it to stay liquid, which allows the life within it to survive.
but sometimes it has negative impact on sea organism because When ice forms across the surface of a lake, it seals off the water from atmospheric oxygen exchange and blocks out much of the light that is necessary for aquatic plants and phytoplankton to produce oxygen within the lake. Throughout the winter oxygen levels in the lake slowly decline. so organism may face difficulties to survive .
If ice didn't float it would form at the bottom of a body of cold water rather than the top. The water would continue radiating heat away from its surface and so would get colder and colder until the water and everything in it had frozen solid from the bottom up. and organisms will die.
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(a) Calculate the ratio of urine osmolarity to blood osmolarity for mice with unlimited access to water.
TheThe ratio of urine osmolarity and blood osmolarity would be 1.4 .
Why is osmolarity is important?The concentration of particles is higher when there is less water in your blood. When you are dehydrated ,your blood's osmolarity rises, and when there is too much fluid in your system, it fails. Osmolarity is managed in a special way by your body your body produces antidiuretic hormone in response to rising osmolarity.
Osmolarity of urine will be 4550 mosmol/kgH2O and the osmolarity of blood would be 325 mosmol/kgH2O so the ratio will be 1.4
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Which are mechanisms of antigenic variation? 1. siderophoric switching 2. mutation 3. recombination 4. gene switching
The mechanisms of antigenic variation are:-
1. mutation 2. recombination 3. gene switching
One of the methods of antigenic escape, antigenic variation or antigenic alteration refers to the process by which an infectious agent, such as a protozoan, bacterium, or virus, modifies the proteins or carbohydrates on its surface and evades a host immune response. It has to do with a phase shift. The pathogen can re-infect previously infected animals thanks to antigenic diversity, which also helps it dodge the immune response in its present host. Recognition of the antigens carried by the virus, which are "remembered" by the acquired immune response, provides the basis for immunity to re-infection. If the pathogen's main antigen can be changed, the acquired immune system of the host can be circumvented.
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Hyro Moore had a dream about what piece of equipment
Answer: A cucumber riding a bike
Explanation:
I have no clue what you wanted but i thought add some comedy
Mention Some poisible solutions to control the spreading
exotic species?
Some possible solutions to control the spreading are Invasive Species :
Get your fishing and hiking gear clean.Never move the firewood.Whenever possible, catch fish with local bait.Join the removal effort as a volunteer.Before moving to a new body of water, clean your boat.When choosing plants for your garden, consult with your neighborhood nursery.What is meant by invasive species?Any non-native species that significantly alters or disrupts the ecosystems it colonizes is referred to as an invasive species, also known as an introduced species, alien species, or exotic species. Such species may migrate naturally to new areas, but they are frequently brought in by the activities of other species.
Rabbits, foxes, cats, pigs, untrained goats, rodents on islands, red imported fire ants, Psittacine beak and feather disease, and chytrid fungus are a few examples of invasive species key threatening processes that cover individual threats.
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I understand the question you are looking for :
Mention Some possible solutions to control the spreading invasive species ?
the four body systems that interact to allow a person to sneeze?
Answer:
The sneeze centre sends signals to the parts of your body that need to work together to help you sneeze. Your chest muscles, diaphragm, abdominals, vocal cords and the muscles in the back of your throat all work together to help you expel the irritant.
Explanation:
Explain how interspecific competition, predation, and mutualism differ in their effects on the interacting populations of two species.
Both species are negatively impacted by interspecific competition (-/-). Predator populations gain an advantage over prey populations (+/-) in predation. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship that benefits both sides (+/+).
Describe mutualism:Mutualism is an ecological connection between two or more species when each species benefits in some way from the interaction. In a symbiotic relationship known as mutualism, all of the involved species benefit from one another. Despite the fact that mutualism is incredibly complex, it may be roughly classified into two basic types of partnerships.
What are the five types of mutualism and example?Different Mutualisms
Mandatory Mutualism Obligate mutualism is a species-to-species connection in which each are totally reliant on the other.Facultative MutualismTrophic MutualismProtective MutualismDispersive MutualismTo know more about Mutualism visit:
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on the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of in an individual’s dna to be equal to the percentage of . qiizlet
On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of adenine in an individual’s DNA to be equal to the percentage of thymine.
What is complementary base pairing?The expression that denotes the complementary base pairing makes reference to the arrangement of nucleotides in the double helix of DNA.
In DNA, Adenine or A always pairs with Thymine or T (thereby the amount of A is equal to T), while Guanine or G always pairs with Cytosine or C (thereby the amount of G is equal to C).
Base complementarity is one of the most important rules in genetics and it is used to estimate nucleotide proportion, a process associated with gene expression in CpG islands.
In conclusion, on the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of adenine in an individual’s DNA to be equal to the percentage of thymine.
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A male stickleback fish attacks other males that invade its nesting territory (see Figure 51.2a ). Predict the likely pattern of dispersion for male sticklebacks, and explain your reasoning.
Male sticklebacks are thought to disperse uniformly, with antagonistic encounters preserving a largely constant distance between them.
Sticklebacks :
Sticklebacks are members of the fish family Gasterosteidae. They share ancestry with seahorses and pipefish. Small fish known as sticklebacks can be found in lakes, streams, brackish systems, and the ocean. Sticklebacks are less sensitive to salinity than the majority of other fishes, and they frequently coexist in fresh, brackish, and marine ecosystems.
Are sticklebacks edible ?Although sticklebacks aren't typically considered to be edible, they can supposedly be used to produce "a excellent and healthy fish-soup.
Size of sticklebacks :Sticklebacks are tiny, elongated fish that can grow up to 18 centimeters in length (7 inches). The family's members can be identified by a row of 2 to 16 spines on the back that are arranged in front of a dorsal fin with soft rays.
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Which statement describes carbon's unique bonding ability?
O Carbon can easily form 2 covalent bonds with other atoms.
O Carbon can only bond with other carbon atoms.
O Carbon can bond with all other atoms.
O Carbon can easily form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms
Answer:
the answer is the last option.
carbon has a valency of 4. as such, it can combine with other elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen to form new compounds by sharing electrons in a covalent bond.
I am in k12 biology help asp if you know this
Parts of a Scientific Process
(Score for Question 2: ___ of 5 points)
2. What was the role of the water test tube in each phase?
Answer:
Answer:
The water was used for comparison or control
Explanation:
in water we know there are no,macro molecules,just water iodine is pretty dark,but elwhen you put it in the solution it will change. Still stuck.
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: EVOLUTION. In a short essay (100-150 words), discuss Darwin's view of how natural selection resulted in both unity and diversity of life on Earth. Include in your discussion some of his evidence. (See a suggested grading rubric and tips for writing good essays in the Study Area of Mastering Biology under "Write About a Theme.")
A brief description of how Darwin's view of natural selection resulted in both the unity and diversity of life on Earth with some of his evidence is:
Darwin was the first person to come up with the theory of natural selection, where he assumed that organisms adapt based on their environment.He discovered an interesting thing about the finches he found when he found that every finch that ate the best food had better beaks for eating seeds.In addition, if they found insects as food, they adapted to use shorter beaks to catch and eat the insects.Finches must constantly adapt to each new environment in order to survive and thrive, like all organisms.To learn more about natural selection, refer to:
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question 1(multiple choice worth 2 points) (04.03 lc) cellular respiration occurs within the of a cell. nucleus vacuoles cytoplasm mitochondrion
Mitochondria, is responsible for cellular respiration.
Mitochondria- The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles. Adenosine triphosphate, a tiny molecule, serves as a storage container for the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP).
ATP- A crucial "energy molecule" present in all living things is ATP. In particular, it's a coenzyme that transfers energy to the cells by liberating its phosphate groups when it interacts with enzymes like ATP triphosphatase.
Enzyme- Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical processes, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down.
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Describe one invertebrate mechanism of defense against pathogens and discuss how it is an evolutionary adaptation retained in vertebrates.
Invertebrates exhibit an innate immunity system and do not show the presence of an adaptive immune system .
What is an example of the invertebrates defence mechanism?The earliest physical defence against disease in insects is an exoskeleton . Lysozymes, an enzyme that disintegrate bacterial cell walls and serves as a barrier for antibodies ,protects the digestive system. Hemocytes the main immune cells , perform phagocytosis and can release antimicrobial peptides.
Invertebrates exhibit an innate immune system and do not show the presence of an adaptive immune system. Physiochemical barriers and cellular defence system fight against Microbial infections.
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r. synthesis and microcontact printing of dual end-functionalized mucin-like glycopolymers for microarray applications angew. chem.
Glycopolymer can be utilized to display glycans on microarrays in native-like architectures.
What is Glycopolymer?Glycopolymer is a manmade polymer that has carbohydrates hanging from it. Glycopolymer are crucial for many biological recognition processes, including cell-cell adhesion, the growth of new tissues, and the virulent behaviour of bacteria and viruses.
Glycopolymer are crucial for many biological recognition processes, including cell-cell adhesion, the growth of new tissues, and the virulent behaviour of bacteria and viruses. They hold great promise for the manufacture of biocompatible materials, tissue engineering, and targeted medication delivery.
A synthetic polymer having hanging carbohydrates is called a Glycopolymer. Many biological processes, including cell-cell adhesion, the development of new tissues, and the behaviour of bacteria and viruses in spreading, depend on Glycopolymer.
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What are three things a scientist may see in a plant cell that would not be in an animal cell?
Explanation:
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.
biology enzyme fill in the blank
Answer:
good luuuuuuuuucccckkkkkkk........
Cells synthesize epinephrine from the amino acid tyrosine (see Figure 5.14). On the structure of epinephrine shown above, draw an arrow pointing to the position corresponding to the α carbon of tyrosine.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Which part of the brain's core is responsible for sorting information and relaying it to appropriate areas in the forebrain for further integration and interpretation?
Thalamus is the brain's core which is responsible for sorting information and relaying it to appropriate areas in the forebrain for further integration and interpretation.
Thalamus is also called the relay center. It is in the shape of an egg, present in the middle of the brain. It receives all the motor as well as the sensory information from the whole body except for smell. The injury or damage in the thalamus can result in the state of coma.
Forebrain is the largest portion of the brain that constitutes the major components like cerebrum, hypothalamus, thalamus, etc. It regulates majority of the functions like thinking, processing, language, etc.
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Achondroplasia is a form of human dwarfism. if two individuals with achondroplasia have children with the following ratio, 2 dwarf to 1 wild type, what is the means of inheritance of this phenotype?
Achondroplasia is an inherited conditions that impedes long bones growth resulting in dwarf phenotype. The mode of inheritance is complete dominance, expressing a phenotypic ratio = 3:1.
What is achondroplasia?
Achondroplasia is a congenic condition genetically determined. Individuals expressing this condition do not have normal bone development. They are short in height, with short extremities and macrocephaly.
A mutation in the gene FGFR-3 is responsible for this condition, affecting mainly long bone growth. Normal parents can have a dwarf son or daughter.
The inheritance pattern of this condition is complete dominance, meaning that an autosomal dominant allele is responsible for achondroplasia expression.
If two individuals with achondroplasia have at least one normal child it means that both parents are heterozygous for the trait, and both of them transmitted the recessive allele to the normal child. Let us see,
We will name,
A ⇒ dominant allele ⇒ codes for achondroplasiaa ⇒ recessive allele ⇒ codes for normal bone developmentCross: two individuals with achondroplasia
Parentals) Aa x Aa
Gametes) A a A a
Punnett square) A a
A AA Aa
a Aa aa
F1) 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be homozygous dominant AA and express achondroplasia
2/4 = 1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous Aa and express achondroplasia
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be homozygous recessive aa and express the normal phenotype (wild type).
The phentoypic ratio is 3:1.
Now let us talk about the ratios,
4 possible genotypes -------------------- 3 individuals among the progeny
3 dwarf genotypes ------------------------X = (3 x 3) / 4 = 2.25 ≅ 2
1 wild type genotype --------------------- X = (1 x 3) / 4 = 0.75 ≅ 1
The phenotypic ratio of the progeny approximates 3:1.
The phenotypic ratio of 3:1 is typical of complete dominance.
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why all alkali are base but not all base are alkalies
A base and an alkali are both substances that may dissolve in water and neutralise acids. However, not all bases are water soluble.
What effects does alkali have on your body?Hydroxyl groups are typically found in alkalis, and when they break down in water, they form hydroxide ions. Alkali chemicals harm the GI tract by saponifying lipids and solubilizing proteins, allowing for extensive tissue penetration. As a result, they cause substantial penetrating damage, unlike acids.
What properties does an alkali have?Alkalis taste BITTER and feel SOAPY to the touch.When litmus paper is exposed to alkalis, it becomes blue.Alkalis have a pH higher than 7.Caustics are alkalis.Alkalis CONDUCT ELECTRICITY because mobile ions are present in solution.To know more about Alkali visit:
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According to the law of ______________________________, the price of copper is directly related to the rate of its production.
According to the law of supply and demand, the price of copper is directly related to the rate of its production.
The quantity of a good supplied, or the amount owners or producers offer for sale, is said to increase as the market price increases and decreases as the price decreases according to the law of supply. In contrast, the law of demand (see demand) states that when a good's price increases, less of it is sought and vice versa.
A basic tenet of economics is that when there is more supply than demand for an item or service, prices decline. Prices typically increase when demand outpaces supply. When demand is constant, there is an inverse relationship between supply and prices of products and services.
The link between supply and demand is crucial because it helps to establish the costs and availability of the majority of goods and services in a given market. The interplay between supply and demand eventually balances out in accordance with the tenets of a market economy.
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What is a difference between week 1 and week 3 of the moon’s cycle?(1 point) Week 1 starts with a new moon, while week 3 starts with a quarter moon. Week 1 starts with a new moon, while week 3 starts with a quarter moon. Week 1 starts with a new moon, while week 3 starts with a full moon. Week 1 starts with a new moon, while week 3 starts with a full moon. Week 1 starts with a full moon, while week 3 starts with a new moon. Week 1 starts with a full moon, while week 3 starts with a new moon. Week 1 starts with a quarter moon, while week 3 starts with a full moon.
Week 1 starts with a quarter moon, while week 3 starts with a full moon.
What is the Lunar cycle?The Lunar cycle refers to the processes that the moon passes through every month. The duration of the lunar month is about twenty nine and half days. The phases in the Lunar cycle are; new Moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full Moon, waning gibbous, third quarter and waning crescent.
Now we know that there is a calendar that is based on the Lunar cycle and this is called the Lunar calendar. There are thirteen months of the Lunar year.
In effect, the difference between the first and the third weeks of the Lunar cycle is that; Week 1 starts with a quarter moon, while week 3 starts with a full moon.
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Suppose an infection in a side-blotched lizard population killed many more males than females. What would be the immediate effect on male competition for reproductive success?
Even though females is now present in the much increasing proportions than males, all 3 kinds of males must have some reproductive fitness. Nevertheless, since the benefit that the blue-throats rely on—a limited number of females in their territory—will be missing, the golden are likely to boost in frequency in the short term.
What are the innate behaviours?Untrained behaviour that can be carried out in response to a cue without any prior training is known as innate behaviour. Reflex actions are very basic, innate behaviours, such as the knee reflex that doctors test for and the infant reflex.
Animals inherit their innate behaviour from their ancestors. Examples of an animal's intrinsic behaviour include its instincts. For instance, migratory birds employ instinctive behaviour.
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1. Find a food chain that connects algae to the alligator. Then find another food chain from the saltmeadow grass to the alligator. Use two pen different colors to highlight the two food chains.
Algae/Saltmeadow grass/shrimp/killifish/muskrat/raccoon/catfish/pelican/bobcat/alligator
The food chain that connects algae to the alligator includes algae, shrimp, killfish, catfish and finally the alligator. Another food chain that connects salt meadow to the alligator includes salt meadow, muskrat, and finally the alligator.
Food chains consist of a sequence in which an organism is consumed by other organisms for their survival. The environment and the survival of species depend on food chains. To survive, each consumer relies on an additional animal or plant. They receive their nutrition from those species.
Six components make up the food chain, however it is not necessary that all of them would be present all together at the same time. They consist of a producer, a primary herbivore consumer, a secondary omnivore consumer, a secondary carnivore, and a decomposer.
Algae is a producer eaten up by the primary herbivore consumer shrimp, which is then eaten up by a secondary omnivore consumer such as killifish, which is further eaten up another secondary omnivore consumer such as catfish, and finally by a secondary carnivore such as an alligator.
Another food chain involves a primary omnivore consumer such as salt meadow, a secondary carnivore such as the muskrat and finally another secondary carnivore, an alligator.
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Transgenic plants are generally different from traditional hybrid plants produced hundreds of years ago, because transgenic plants may?
Transgenic plants are generally different from traditional hybrid plants produced hundreds of years ago, because transgenic plants may contain genes from animals or bacteria
What are transgenic plants give example?Transgenic plants are those created by inserting foreign DNA into a cell and then growing a plant from that cell. Transgenic plants include, among others, maize, rice, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflowers, potatoes, and tomatoes. The first transgenic plants with antibiotic resistance, Nicotiana tabacum, were created in tobacco factories in 1982. Traditional hybrid plants created hundreds of years ago are generally distinct from transgenic plants since transgenic plants may incorporate DNA from animals or microbes.The most popular bacteria for GM plants is known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The desired gene is introduced into the bacterium, and the bacterial cells then introduce the new DNA into the plant cells' genome. The successfully incorporated plant cells are then cultivated to produce a new plant.To learn more about Transgenic plants, refer
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Which of the spiral staircases in the photos is the better analogous representation of a dna molecule?
]The better representation of a DNA molecule will be the one with grooves in staircase.
What a DNA?The DNA ( deoxy ribonucleic acid) can be described as the molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism.
DNA molecules allows information to be passed from one gene to another through the process of hereditary.
The DNA of most organisms are found inside the nucleus of a cell, where it forms the chromosomes.
The structure of the DNA has been found to be two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
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if you were designing a policy to protect islands from invasive species what types of islands would you choose to focus on and why
If i was designing a policy to protect islands from invasive species, the types of islands which would be focused on is Pacific island due to the absence of natural competitors which control the ecosystem.
What are Invasive species?This is referred to organisms who aren't indigenous to an area and end up becoming overpopulated in the given area.This therefore leads to the organisms causing economic and environmental harm to the new area.
This is usually caused when there is an absence of natural predators or competitors which control the ecosystem in the area which is the reason why there is a high increase in population growth.
The Pacific island has a very low number of these natural predators and is therefore the reason why a policy will be designed in other to protect it from invasive species.
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The location and nature of the muscular connection to the skeleton influences the?
The location and nature of the muscular connection to the skeleton influences the Speed range and force
What is the area of the skeletal muscle?
Skeletal muscle is located between bones, and uses tendons to connect the epimysium to the periosteum, or outer covering, of bone.
What is the process and location of skeletal muscle?
Skeletal muscles are muscles that are related to and facilitate the movement of the skeleton. They are attached to the outer covering of bones, called the periosteum. This relation to the bone is through a type of connective tissue known as tendons. Our bodies include between 600-900 different skeletal muscles.
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which statement does not describe an antibiotic mechanism of action, thus enabling the antibiotic to kill bacteria?
The statement "it prevents the formation of phospholipid bilayer" does not describe an antibiotic mechanism of action capable of enabling the antibiotic to kill bacteria.
What is an antibiotic?An antibiotic is a specific medication drug that hampers the growth of infectious bacteria, thereby being used in therapeutics against these pathogenic microorganisms.
The prevention of the formation of the phospholipid bilayer does not raise a therapeutic strategy to eliminate these infectious agents (i.e. bacteria) in the body in order recover the health state.
Antibiotics act for example by inhibiting the cell wall, altering cellular membranes, or inhibiting the synthesis of either DNA or RNA.
In conclusion, the statement "it prevents the formation of phospholipid bilayer" does not describe an antibiotic mechanism of action capable of enabling the antibiotic to kill bacteria.
Complete question:
Which statement does not describe an antibiotic mechanism of action, thus enabling the antibiotic to kill bacteria?
a. It prevent the formation of phospholipid bilayer
b. Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis.
c. Alteration of Cell Membranes.
d. Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
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