The above sentence is part of the study on global changes in breast heterogeneity across different states along with that they studied the single-cell transcriptomes of more than 340,000 cells including normal breast, preneoplastic BRCA1+/– tissue which is the major breast cancer subtype, and pairs of tumors and involved lymph nodes.
In the study , There were notable changes in the stroma of post-menopausal women which were disclosed by Elucidation of the normal breast microenvironment. There was comparable diversity in a discrete subset of cycling cells and among cancer cells, which was revealed by Single-cell profiling of 34 treatment-naive primary tumors, consisting of triple-negative breast cancers, estrogen receptor, HER2+ .in the immune microenvironment, there were global changes which were highlighted by The transcriptomes of preneoplastic tissue versus tumors. Proliferative CD8+ T cells characterizedHER2+ cancers and triple-negative but were not able to ER+ tumors within the tumor immune landscape, while the subtypes were comprised of cycling tumor-associated macrophages. The analysis of the studies which included the copied number of paired lymph nodes and ER+ tumors showed that seeding by genetically mass migration of primary tumor cells or distinct clones into axillary lymph nodes. Such integrated samples supplied the high-resolution map of cell diversity in the cancerous and normal human breast.
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The part of a neuron that transmits information over long distances is the ______.
According to the research, the correct option is Axon. The part of a neuron that transmits information over long distances is the axon.
What is the axon?It is a nerve structure with an elongated and thin shape that comes out of the body of the neuron, in order to transmit the nerve impulse.
In this sense, this thin continuation of a neuron, often covered with a myelin sheath, aims to achieve neuronal synapsis and extends to the beginning of another neuron with which it will establish the synapse.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is Axon. The part of a neuron that transmits information over long distances is the axon.
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the white blood cells of the acquired immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system and that consist of t cells and b cells are known as .
The white blood cells of the acquired immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system and that consist of t cells and b cells are known as leukocytes.
What are leukocytes?Leukocytes are a group of blood cells that are better known as white blood cells which will carry out the immune response. These cells will originate in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
There are five types of leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. These will be divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes depending on whether they contain granules in their cytoplasm.
Therefore, we can confirm that the white blood cells of the acquired immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system and that consist of t cells and b cells are known as leukocytes.
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the organic molecules that function for long-term energy storage and to cushion major organs are the , which are one familiar example of a , one of the four major biomolecules.
The organic molecules that function for long-term energy storage and to cushion major organs are the triglycerides, which are one familiar example of a lipid, one of the four major biomolecules.
Lipids are the biomolecules. The structure of lipid is composed of a glycerol backbone. The two hydroxyl groups of the glycerol form ester bonds with the long chain fatty acid while the third hydroxyl group has a phosphate group attached to it. Triglyceride is a type of lipid with three fatty acid chains instead of two.
Biomolecules are the organic molecules that are made up some specific monomer. The major biomolecules in an organism's body are: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.
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_____, a human resource issue, is a possible cause of cost overruns in an organization.
Inadequate training is a human resource issue that is a possible cause of cost which will be overruns in an organization.
What is Inadequate training?Any training that does not satisfy the needs of the business in terms of both quantity and quality is referred to as inadequate training.This means that while determining your ideal training requirements, quality and quantity cannot be ignored.The opportunity cost of Inadequate training includes:There never seems to be enough time for everyone to do their work. Employee engagement is decreased when employees are sent on training that is ineffective, and the company pays for the time the employees could have spent working instead.
Workers with more training produce work of greater quality. As a result, consumer acquisition and retention rates grow. The company is losing a lot of money in lost income because it isn't maximizing its employees' talents through frequent and effective training.
The most successful businesses find a way to promote from the inside. This maintains a strong business culture and offers internal career options. You can develop the company's future top managers by giving them management training.
Hence, inadequate training, a human resource issue, is a possible cause of cost overruns in an organization.
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what role(s) do the pancreatic islets play in the negative feedback control of blood glucose levels?
Sensor, integrating center, and effector roles do the pancreatic islets play in the negative feedback control of blood glucose levels.
Pancreatic Islets- Our pancreas contains clusters of cells known as pancreatic islets, commonly referred to as islets of Langerhans. The pancreas is the organ that produces hormones to aid in the digestion and use of food by the body. The beta cells that produce the hormone insulin are among the several cell types found in islets.
Insulin- A hormone produced by the pancreatic islet cells. By delivering sugar to a cells, where it may be utilized by the body to provide energy, insulin regulates the quantity of glucose in the blood.
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How can studying individuals with damage to a particular brain region provide insight into the normal function of that region?
Damage to the brain that disrupts behaviors, cognition, memory, or other functions indicates that the portion of the brain affected by the damage is important for the normal activity that is blocked or altered.
What is neuroscience?The scientific study of the nervous system and its functions is known as neuroscience. It is a multidisciplinary science that incorporates physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, and many other disciplines.
A neuroscientist is interested in how the brain works. They study the brain and then use scientific experiments to try to answer questions.
Brain damage that interferes with behavior patterns, cognition, recollection, or other functions demonstrates that the area of the brain affected by the damage is critical for the everyday activities that is obstructed or altered.
Thus, it can be concluded that studying individuals with damage to a particular brain region provide insight into the normal function of that region.
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A small frog lives in a pond covered with a species of aquatic plant that attracts insects
due to its color. The small frogs depend on the insects for food. This represents a
relationship between the frog and the plant species.
O predation
mutualistic
O competitive
commensalism
A species of aquatic plant that is covered in a pond and draws insects because of its color is home to a frog population. Small frogs rely on insects for food. The frog and the plant species are preying on each other in this situation.
What is predation?Examples of predation the taking of a prey by a predator, who then consumes it. Hunting is a kind.
In a predation, one organism, the predator, consumes all or a portion of the body of another, the prey. An example of herbivory is when a plant serves as the prey organism. The dynamics of prey and predator populations are influenced by one another.
Describe an aquatic plant:A plant that grows in water, whether it is rooted in the mud (like a lotus) or floating without anchorage (like the water lily, floating heart, or lattice plant) (such as the water hyacinth)
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The per capita ecological footprint is the total ecological footprint for a given country or area
O True
O False
The per capita ecological footprint is the total ecological footprint for a given country or area is false and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Ecological footprint?This is referred to as the amount of land which is required to ensure that there is adequate use and sustainability of the resources which are present in area at a given period of time.
The per capita ecological footprint is the average ecological footprint for a given country or area and not the total ecological footprint which is therefore the reason why false was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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The image represents a human cell in an isotonic solution. Some common cellular molecules that can freely move across the plasma membrane are shown5
What do you think will happen if no energy is used?
a
Some CO2 will leave the cell.
b
Some H2O will enter the cell.
c
Some H2O will leave the cell.
d
Some O2 will enter the cell.
In the cell in the isotonic solution it will happen that some O2 will enter the cell.
Why will O2 enter the cell?This is going to happen because we are going to find a higher concentration of O2 outside the cell, so the cell, having a lower concentration, is going to enter the cell by concentration gradient, thus equalizing the concentrations inside and outside the cell. Regarding ATP and CO2 nothing will happen since their concentrations will be equal and then they are in equilibrium.
Therefore, we can confirm that in the cell in the isotonic solution it will happen that some O2 will enter the cell.
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Darleen is in labor with her first child. which hormone is responsible for the contractions that she feels as part of labor?
The hormone responsible for the contractions Darleen feels as part of labor is oxytocin.
Oxytocin is also known as the 'love hormone' as it brings about feelings of bonding and motherhood. During labor, the uterus and abdominal muscles contract to help push the baby out of the cervix. The hormone responsible for this is oxytocin.
Oxytocin also causes the release of prostaglandins, another hormone that stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles of the uterus. If a woman cannot naturally start labor, Pitocin (a substitute for oxytocin) is administered to the mother to induce labor. When a woman's labor is also slowing down, oxytocin can be used to increase contractions.
After birth, oxytocin reduces blood flow to the womb by causing contractions and helps expel the placenta.
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evaluate the experimental design by hershey and chase. explain why it is considered to be a classic experiment.
experimental design by hershey and chase designed a elegant experiment due to its simplicity and certainty to find the answer.There were two possible sources of heritable material and their experiment was going to find the answer whether it turned out to be protein or DNA.
Rather than just trying to demonstrate it was DNA or just trying to prove protein was not the heritable material, their experiment did both simultaneously. The brilliance of their design was best revealed by choosing a bacteriophage as the model system since it contains only protein and DNA. so it is termed as classic experiment
in the experiment they observed that E.coli bacteria which were infected by radioactive DNA viruses (A) were radioactive but the ones that were infected by radioactive protein viruses (B) were non-radioactive.
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if the body was incapable of performing dehydration synthesis on carbohydrates, could not be formed.
Lactose
When you consume foods or beverages that contain lactose, you could have digestive symptoms like bloating, diarrhea, and gas. A naturally occurring sugar called lactose can be found in milk and dairy products like cheese and ice cream.
Digestion symptoms in lactose intolerance are brought on by lactose malabsorption. A problem known as lactose malabsorption occurs when your small intestine is unable to fully digest or break down the lactose you consume. A milk allergy is distinct from lactose intolerance. A condition of the immune system is a milk allergy. Some regions of the world experience lactose malabsorption more frequently than others. The majority of people in Asia and Africa suffer from lactose malabsorption.
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how can you prove whether a trait is acquired through genetics or the environment?
Answer:
some people look like their parents or relatives and that's because of genes
As for the environment, we adapt to live in places that were different from the other environment
Explanation:
Example for the environment: winter foxes weren't always white. they change colors to match their environment to serve. change happens generation after generations change to fit their environment
By conducting twin studies, adoption studies, or using animal models to separate genetic and environmental influences on the trait.
Researchers employ twin, adoption, and animal models to evaluate if a feature is inherited or environmental. Twin studies compare identical (100%) and fraternal (50%) twins for a certain attribute. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins, suggesting a stronger genetic effect.
Adoption studies compare biological and adoptive households. If the adopted person and their biological family share a characteristic, genetics are involved. If the attribute is more comparable between the adopted person and their adoptive family, it suggests environmental impact.
Researchers can explore inheritance patterns by carefully breeding animals with specified features. Scientists can determine how genetics and environment affect a characteristic by combining these strategies.
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Hundreds of studies have linked smoking with cardiovascular and lung disease. According to most health authorities, smoking is the leading cause of preventable, premature death in the United States. What are some arguments in favor of a total ban on cigarette advertising? What are arguments in opposition? Do you favor or oppose such a ban? Explain.
Because cigarette consumption can be increased by advertising. It will therefore be more difficult for smokers to stop. Smoking bans are resisted because tobacco companies have a motive to emphasize harmful health facts in their advertising in order to gain market dominance. Advertising for cigarettes need to be prohibited.
What are consumption and an example?Although consumption can be characterized in a variety of ways, the final purchase of goods and services by individuals serves as the best definition. Examples of consumption include buying a new pair of shoes, eating a hamburger at a fast food restaurant, or using services like house cleaning.
Which four categories of consumption are there?Consumer products can be divided into four categories. Shopping items, specialized items, convenient products, and unforeseen items are among them.
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The evolution of thin and thick lipped cichlids is an example of which type of natural selection?
The evolution of thin and thick lipped cichlids is an example of disruptive natural selection.
Natural selection has a specific form called disruptive selection, which aggressively favours the two ends of the spectrum while actively selecting against the intermediate in a population. It is hypothesised that disruptive selection frequently results in sympatric speciation via a phyletic gradualism mode of evolution.The lake cichlids have evolved unusually fat lips, a completely new morphological trait, in just 100 generations and as many years. Based on models, most estimates of how quickly organisms acquire new traits suggest that it might take up to 10,000 generations. According to certain models, tens of generations should suffice, yet such rapid transformation has never been observed before.To learn more about natural selection.
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Which of the following is the most direct result of depolarizing the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal? a. Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane open. b. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane. c. Ligand-gated channels open, allowing neurotransmitters to enter the synaptic cleft. d. An EPSP or IPSP is generated in the postsynaptic cell.
The statement that represents the most direct result of depolarizing the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal is as follows:
Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane are generally open.Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is an Axon terminal?An Axon terminal may be characterized as a type of button-like termination of the axon which is particularly utilized by the axon in order to construct sympathetic contacts with other neurons.
An instance of depolarization of the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal directs to the beginning of voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane. This typically regulates the influx of calcium ions inside the membrane.
This process alters the electrical charge distribution and constructs the cell less negatively charged as compared to the surrounding environment.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is A.
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znf92, an unexplored transcription factor with remarkably distinct breast cancer over-expression associated with prognosis and cell-of-origin
ET-9 is a cell-of-origin linked prognostic gene expression profile that is significantly associated with significantly lower overall and relapse free breast cancer survival, 8.7 and 6.2 years, respectively.
What is cell?The smallest component of all living things, including cells and tissues in the body, that is capable of independent living. The cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm make up a cell's three basic structural components. The nucleus is a component of the cell that houses the nucleolus and the majority of the DNA. Most RNA is produced there as well. The fluid found inside a cell is called cytoplasm. The Golgi complex, the mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum are among the additional minute cell components that are found there.
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Which one of these does udp provide?
a. duplicate elimination
b. error correction
c. sequencing
d. error detection
UDP provides error detection.
UDP, also known as User Datagram Protocol, is a simple data-oriented device that is used to preserve messages and other sensitive data.
The primary function of this device is to detect errors and to make sure of authentic end-to-end communication.
Moreover, It is faster than TCP and does not perform the following functions such as error correction, duplicate elimination, and flow control.
This device is only concerned with error detection and speed.
Hence, whenever the data sent over thousands of miles gets affected by obstructions and collisions then it determines the presence of possible errors.
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Suppose that the number of bird species is determined mainly by the number of vertical strata found in the environment. If so, in which of the following biomes would you find the greatest number of bird species? a. tropical rain forest b. savanna c. desert d. temperate broadleaf forest
The number of bird species is determined mainly by the number of vertical strata found in the environment. If so, then tropical rain forest biomes would find the greatest number of bird species.
What is the tropical rainforests?Tropical rainforests are the one which have world's most biologically diverse terrestrial ecosystems. The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest on the planet. It is home to around 40,000 plant species, nearly 1,300 bird species, 3,000 different types of fish, 427 different animal species, and 2.5 million different insects.
These forest types constitute a patchwork of vegetation kinds that contribute to the tropics' amazing variety. The Amazon Basin in South America is home to the majority of the world's tropical rainforest. The Congo Basin and Southeast Asia have the second and third greatest regions of tropical rainforest, respectively.
Facts about the tropical rainforest :Rainforests are classified into various categories. Rainforests cover less than 3% of the earth's land surface. The Amazon rainforest is the world's largest. Rainforests have more plant and animal species than any other terrestrial habitat. The trees are home to a large portion of the rainforest's life.To know more about Rainforests visit :
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Can you get too much/too little of these molecules in your diet? WHY?
Minerals should be taken in little amount in your diet while on the other hand, macromolecules like protein, fats and carbohydrate are also taken in suitable range in order to get healthy.
Can you get too much/too little of these molecules in your diet?You can't get too much or too little of macromolecules in your diet because too much consumption of fats or proteins can leads to weight gain while on the other hand, substances which are needed by our body in small amount such as sodium and other minerals must be taken in small quantity in your diet in order to maintain our health.
So we can conclude that Minerals should be taken in little amount in your diet while on the other hand, macromolecules like protein, fats and carbohydrate are also taken in suitable range in order to get healthy.
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Bacteria as a group are incredibly metabolically diverse, but individual species are often highly specialized to reduce competition in their natural environment. This results in these species being unculturable because.
There is a huge diversity in Bacterial organisms. We are very ignorant of the bacterial life present on earth. But many of these bacteria are unculturable in the Natural Environment. This is because the conditions provided by the environment might not be favorable for their survival or because of the competition between other microbes. It is also estimated that less than 2% of bacteria can be cultured in Laboratory.
The bacterias can be unculturable due to several reasons. Some of them are: The culture may not allow bacteria to get the essential nutrients, the Medium can be toxic, or other bacteria produce substances that make it inhabitable for the target organism. We know that bacterias depend on each other for their growth and complete nutritional requirement which can make it unculturable for other bacteria to grow.
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In plant cells, what
structures contain
DNA?
A. nucleus,
and central vacuole
mitochondria,
B. nucleus, mitochondria,
and chloroplasts
C. nucleus, mitochondria,
and rough ER
D. nucleus, mitochondria,
and smooth ER
Answer:
The answer towards your question would be B.
B. nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Explanation:
To explain it, the reason is because Nucleus is the one which contains DNA and only mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other ones which also contain DNA as their genetic material. Although, all living organisms do use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) including plants. The DNA in plant cells is found only in the nucleus, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts.What is true about altruistic behavior? group of answer choices it is evident in every animal species. it can be completely explained in terms of gene
It is difficult to explain from an evolutionary/genetic point of view is true about altruistic behavior.
It is difficult to explain altruistic behavior from an evolutionary/genetic point of view. Altruistic behavior does not seem to benefit the individual who performs it, so it is hard to see how it could have been selected for by the process of natural selection. One possible explanation is that altruistic behavior may have been favored by selection because it benefited the group as a whole, rather than the individual. Groups of animals that exhibited altruistic behavior may have been more successful in competition with other groups, and so over time, altruism became more common. Another possibility is that altruistic behavior is a by-product of other qualities that were favored by selection, such as intelligence or social skills.
Whatever the reason, altruism remains an important part of many animal societies, and it is hard to explain from an evolutionary standpoint.
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What is the type of metabolism that occurs when energy is created with a balance of adequate oxygen and nutrients?
The type of metabolism that occurs when energy is created with a balance of adequate oxygen and nutrients is aerobic.
In the field of science, aerobic metabolism, also referred to as aerobic respiration can be described as a process by which energy is made by using oxygen and nutrients from food. As a result of aerobic respiration, 36 molecules of ATP are produced.
These ATP's are the driving force that is required by each cell to carry out its functions. Hence, the correct option is aerobic metabolism.
Other options, such as anaerobic are not correct because anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the body usually shifts to anaerobic respiration when an excess amount of oxygen cannot reach the cells. This usually happens at the time of heavy exercise.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
What is the type of metabolism that occurs when energy is created with a balance of adequate oxygen and nutrients?
A. Aerobic
B. Hypoxic
C.Homeostatic
D. Anaerobic
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A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples of these organisms taken from the pond would find that they.
These organisms taken from the pond would find that they have gained water and burst.
A scientist who studies biology is known as a biologist. Whether it be a single cell, a multicellular creature, or a group of interdependent populations, life on Earth is of interest to biologists. They often have a particular research emphasis and specialize in a certain area of biology, such as molecular biology, zoology, or evolutionary biology (e.g., studying malaria or cancer). The goal of fundamental research conducted by biologists is to increase our understanding of the natural world. They use the scientific method, an empirical approach to evaluating theories, to conduct their study. Their findings could be valuable for a particular objective, like biotechnology, which aims to create human-useful medicinal items.
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The heart rate of 10 adults is measured, and the results are 83, 87, 90, 92, 93, 100, 104, 111, 115, 121. Find the interquartile range of the data set.
a
21
b
38
c
90
d
96.5
The interquartile range of the data set of the heart rates of 10 adults is 21.
What is the interquartile range of the data set of the heart rate of 10 adults?The interquartile range of a set of data is given as the difference between the lower median value and the upper median value of the data.
To calculate the interquartile range of the data set of the heart rates of 10 adults, we arrange the data first in increasing order as given below:
83, 87, 90, 92, 93, 100, 104, 111, 115, 121
The data set is an even dat set and is divided into five values each.
The lower median of the set is obtained as follows:
83, 87, 90, 92, 93; lower median value = 90
The upper median of the set is obtained as follows:
100, 104, 111, 115, 121; upper median value = 111
The interquartile range = upper median - lower medianThe interquartile range = 111 - 90
The interquartile range = 21
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The site of greatest energy production in a muscle cell is the ________.
The site of greatest energy production in a muscle cell is the mitochondria.
Mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of a cell because the process of cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. It is through the process of cellular respiration, that food is broken down so that energy can be made for a cell to carry out its activities.
In a muscle cell as well, the site where the greatest energy is produced is the mitochondria. In the mitochondria, glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water and ATP is released during this reaction. This ATP is the driving force for the muscle cells and all other cells of the body.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
The site of greatest energy production in a muscle cell is the ________.
nucleus
ribosomes
mitochondria
cytoplasm
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Based on these data alone, state a hypothesis for which of these two species is more closely related to humans. What is your reasoning?
Bacteria are grouped as either gram‑positive or gram‑negative. Which features are found in gram‑positive bacteria, and which are found in gram‑negative bacteria?.
The features found in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are as follows: The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria is composed of thick layers peptidoglycan while the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is composed of thin layers of peptidoglycan.
What are gram-positive and negative bacteria?A gram-positive bacteria is a bacteria that stains dark blue or violet after gram staining, due to large quantities of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
On the other hand, gram-negative bacteria is a bacteria that retains the gram stain due to the low amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
Therefore, the major structural difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is as follows: the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria is composed of thick layers peptidoglycan while the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is composed of thin layers of peptidoglycan.
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what did the dna look like? relate its chemical structure to how it looks when lots of it is clumped together.
Answer:
Relate its chemical structure to how it looks when a lot of it is clumped together. (The DNA looked like spider webs. The DNA precipitate looked like long and thin fibers. This makes sense because the molecular structure is so long and narrow.)