Measurements show that the energy of a mixture of gaseous reactants increases by 190 kJ during a certain chemical reaction, which is carried out at a constant pressure. Furthermore, by carefully monitoring the volume change it is determined easurements show that the energy of a mixture of gaseous reactants increases by during a certain chemical reaction, which is carried out at a constant pressure. Furthermore, by carefully monitoring the volume change it is determined that 143kJ of work is done on the mixture during the reaction.that of work is done on the mixture during the reaction.

In 100 mL of 0.12 M Ca3(PO4)2 solution, there are 0.036 moles of calcium ions and 0.024 moles of phosphate ions.

To find the number of moles of each ion present in 100 mL of 0.12 M Ca3(PO4)2 solution, we first need to determine the formula weight of Ca3(PO4)2.

Ca3(PO4)2 contains three calcium ions (Ca2+) and two phosphate ions (PO43-).

The atomic weight of calcium (Ca) is 40.08 g/mol, and there are three calcium ions in Ca3(PO4)2, so the total weight of calcium in Ca3(PO4)2 is 3 x 40.08 = 120.24 g/mol.

The atomic weight of phosphorus (P) is 30.97 g/mol, and the atomic weight of oxygen (O) is 16.00 g/mol.

The molecular weight of the phosphate ion (PO43-) is therefore 30.97 + (4 x 16.00) = 94.97 g/mol. Since there are two phosphate ions in Ca3(PO4)2, the total weight of phosphate in Ca3(PO4)2 is 2 x 94.97 = 189.94 g/mol.

The total formula weight of Ca3(PO4)2 is therefore 120.24 + 189.94 = 310.18 g/mol.

To find the number of moles of each ion present in 100 mL of 0.12 M Ca3(PO4)2 solution, we can use the formula:

moles = concentration x volume

For calcium ions:

moles of Ca2+ = concentration of Ca3(PO4)2 x (3 moles of Ca2+ / 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2) x volume

moles of Ca2+ = 0.12 M x (3 / 1) x 0.1 L

moles of Ca2+ = 0.036 mol

For phosphate ions:

moles of PO43- = concentration of Ca3(PO4)2 x (2 moles of PO43- / 1 mole of Ca3(PO4)2) x volume

moles of PO43- = 0.12 M x (2 / 1) x 0.1 L

moles of PO43- = 0.024 mol

Therefore, in 100 mL of 0.12 M Ca3(PO4)2 solution, there are 0.036 moles of calcium ions and 0.024 moles of phosphate ions.

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the Ksp for Sn(OH)₄ is 2.56 × 10⁻⁵

The solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid substance into an aqueous solution. It is denoted by the symbol Ksp.

The solubility product is a kind of equilibrium constant and its value depends on temperature. Ksp usually increases with an increase in temperature due to increased solubility.

Given,

Solubility of Sn(OH)₄ = 1 × 10⁻⁷

Sn(OH)₄ = Sn⁴⁺ + 4OH⁻

Ksp = s × (4s)⁴

= 256 s⁵

Ksp = 256 × 1 × 10⁻⁷

= 2.56 × 10⁻⁵

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Answer:

When barium ions are added to a solution containing carbonate ions, barium carbonate precipitate is formed, which serves as an additional confirmation for the presence of carbonate ions in the medium. According to Table 1, silver salts of chloride ions are insoluble.

The IUPAC name of the given substance is (Z)-3-methyl-2-pentene.

The (Z) indicates that the two methyl groups on the double bond are on the same side of the bond, which is cis-configuration. The longest carbon chain in the molecule is five carbons, so it is named as pentene. The double bond is located between the second and third carbon atoms, so it is named as 2-pentene. Since the methyl group is attached to the third carbon atom, it is named as 3-methyl-2-pentene.

The prefix "Z" is used to indicate the cis-configuration of the molecule, where the two substituents on the double bond are on the same side. This nomenclature is important in identifying and describing the structure of organic compounds, particularly in fields such as biochemistry and medicinal chemistry where the structure of molecules plays a crucial role in their function.

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Answer:

From highest pH to lowest pH, the ranking of the items would be:

1. Ammonia (pH ~ 11-12)

2. Baking soda (pH ~ 8.3)

3. Glass cleaner (pH ~ 7-10)

4. Water vinegar (pH ~ 2.5-3.5)

5. Milk (pH ~ 6.5-6.7)

6. Soda (pH ~ 2.4)

Explanation:

The concept ideal gas equation is used here to determine the density of the ozone gas. The gas equation obtained by the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Avogadro's law is known as the ideal gas equation.

Density is the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together. It is known as the mass per unit volume.

The ideal gas equation is:

PV = nRT

V = nRT / P

V = 1 × 0.0821 × 291 / 0.9966 = 23.97 L

755 Torr = 0.9966 atm

18°C = 291 K

Density = Mass / Volume

d = 48 / 23.97

d = 2.002 g/L

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Answer:

H₂SO₄ is sulfuric acid

Explanation:

H₂SO₄ is a chemical formula for sulfuric acid. It is a highly corrosive and dense liquid that is commonly used in many industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers, dyes, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. Sulfuric acid is also used in car batteries and as a laboratory reagent.

The new concentration of the solution can be gotten as  0.075 M.

The formula that we should use is;

C1V1 = C2V2

where:

C1 = initial concentration of the solution (in units of mass/volume, moles/liter, or other concentration units)

V1 = initial volume of the solution

C2 = final concentration of the solution after dilution

V2 = final volume of the solution after dilution

We have to note that;

C1V1= C2V2

Thus we have that;

2.5 * 0.150 = 5 * V

V = 0.075 M

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Answer:

below

Explanation:

1. B. removing heat.

The process of changing a gas into a liquid is called condensation. It occurs when the gas loses heat energy and its particles slow down and come closer together, eventually forming a liquid. Therefore, by removing heat from a gas, it can be changed into a liquid.

2. D. Smashing an object into many pieces is a physical change.

Smashing an object into many pieces does not change the chemical composition of the object. It only changes its physical appearance or state. A physical change is a change in the state or appearance of matter without any change in its chemical composition. Therefore, smashing an object into many pieces is a physical change.

3. No fixed volume or shape: gas

Fixed volume and shape: solid

Fixed volume but no fixed shape : liquid

4. C. Melting is a physical change.

Melting is the process of changing a solid substance into a liquid by heating it to its melting point. During this process, there is no change in the chemical composition of the substance, only a change in its physical state from solid to liquid. Therefore, melting is a physical change.Option A is incorrect because melting does not involve any biological process.

Option B is incorrect because melting does not result in any chemical reaction that alters the composition of the substance.

Option D is incorrect because melting is a natural physical phenomenon that occurs due to changes in temperature or pressure.

5. B. The new substance is different from the beginning substance.

In a chemical change, a chemical reaction occurs, which involves the breaking and formation of chemical bonds between atoms or molecules. This results in the formation of one or more new substances with different chemical properties than the original substances.

During a chemical change, the original substances are converted into new substances that have different physical and chemical properties, such as color, texture, odor, melting and boiling points, solubility, reactivity, etc. Therefore, the new substance is different from the beginning substance.

6. A. Temperature.

Temperature is the primary factor responsible for the form of matter. At different temperatures, matter exists in different states:

- At low temperatures, matter exists as a solid because the particles are tightly packed and have low energy, which keeps them in a fixed position.

- At higher temperatures, matter exists as a liquid because the particles have enough energy to move past each other but are still close together.

- At even higher temperatures, matter exists as a gas because the particles have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between them and move independently.

Pressure can also influence the form of matter, but temperature is the primary factor that determines the state of matter. Weather and time are not factors that directly influence the form of matter.

7. B. All solid substances require the same temperature to melt them.

This statement is false. Different solid substances have different melting points, which is the temperature at which they change from a solid to a liquid. The melting point depends on the chemical composition and structure of the substance. Therefore, different solid substances require different temperatures to melt them.

Option A is a true statement because different solid substances have different melting points.

Option C is a true statement because heat can be used to change the physical property of an object, such as melting or boiling it.

8. C. Paper burning into ash.

This is a chemical change because burning paper involves a chemical reaction in which the cellulose fibers in paper combine with oxygen in the air to form new substances, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ash. The chemical composition of the paper changes, and it cannot be reversed.

Option A is a physical change because melting ice into water involves only a change in physical state, not a change in chemical composition.

Option B is a physical change because breaking an object into pieces only changes its physical appearance, not its chemical composition.

Option D is a physical change because water changing to steam involves only a change in physical state, not a change in chemical composition.

9. C. When heat changes the chemical composition of an object.

Heat can produce a chemical change when it is used to break or form chemical bonds between atoms or molecules, resulting in a change in the chemical composition of the substance. This can lead to the formation of new substances with different chemical properties than the original substance. Therefore, option C is the correct statement.

Option A is incorrect because heat energy transfer can produce a physical change, such as melting or boiling, but not necessarily a chemical change.

Option B is incorrect because heat changing ice into liquid water is a physical change, not a chemical change.

Option D is incorrect because observing heat in an experiment does not necessarily produce a chemical change.

The amount of energy required to heat the given amount of lead from 18°C to 44°C is 638.976 J.

The specific heat capacity of lead is 0.128 J/g°C.

To calculate the amount of heat energy required to heat 192 grams of lead from 18°C to 44°C, we can use the formula:

Q = m × c × ΔT

where:

Q = heat energy (in Joules)

m = mass of the substance (in grams)

c = specific heat capacity of the substance (in J/g°C)

ΔT = change in temperature (in °C)

Plugging in the given values:

m = 192 g

c = 0.128 J/g°C

ΔT = (44°C - 18°C) = 26°C

Q = 192 g × 0.128 J/g°C × 26°C

Q = 638.976 J

So, the amount of heat energy required to heat 192 grams of lead from 18°C to 44°C is 638.976 Joules.

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A 70 piece of metal at 120 C is dropped into a kilometer with 150 g of 30C water the final temperature of the water and little changes 35c,  0.385 J/g°c is the specific heat of the metal​.

The amount of heat needed to raise a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius in one gramme, also known as specific heat. Typically, calories and joules per gramme per degree Celsius are used as a measure of specific heat.

In the 18th century, the Scottish researcher Joseph Black found that equivalent masses of various substances required varying quantities of heat to bring them across the same temperature range. Based on this finding.

cm = (0.15 kg x 4.18 J/gCx (35C - 30C)) / (70 pieces x 0.1 kg/piece x (120C - 35C))

cm = 0.385 J/g°c

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Answer:

Polyatomic molecules that are linear in shape are known as linear polyatomic molecules. The atoms in these linear molecules are arranged in a straight line (at an angle of 180 degrees). At the central atom of linear geometry polyatomic molecules, the electron pair has sp hybridization.

Answer:

Combinations of certain metals, such as copper and zinc, will produce electrical activity when placed in special solutions called electrolytes. The two metals form the electrodes. The electrolyte creates a chemical action that causes the zinc to form positive ions and the copper to form negative ions.

Water can't be used due to copper sulfate being highly soluble in water.

The extra atomic weight in a metal on treatment with nitric acid is 100.361 g/mol.

The first step is to calculate the mass of oxygen in the oxide formed:

Mass of oxygen = Mass of oxide - Mass of metal

Mass of oxygen = 3.022 g - 2.38 g

Mass of oxygen = 0.642 g

Use the specific heat of the metal to determine its identity:

specific heat = 6.4 / atomic weight

Solving for atomic weight:

atomic weight = 6.4 / specific heat

atomic weight = 6.4 / 0.055

atomic weight = 116.36 g/mol

The atomic weight to calculate the extra atomic weight:

extra atomic weight = atomic weight - atomic weight of oxygen

extra atomic weight = 116.36 g/mol - 15.999 g/mol

extra atomic weight = 100.361 g/mol

Therefore, the extra atomic weight is 100.361 g/mol.

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The symbol that indicates a substance dissolve in water is (aq).

The word "(aq)" stands for aqueous and denotes a material that dissolves in water.

Aqueous solutions are created when substances dissolve in water and are uniformly dispersed throughout the liquid. "(aq)" is added to the end of a substance's chemical formula in a chemical equation to denote that the material is in an aqueous state.

We often see this in several chemical reactions and the symbols shows that the solute was dissolved in water.

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Answer:

The mass of oxalic acid required to prepare 0.01 N solution in 5 L is 0.78 g.

Explanation:

One of the compounds left a white solid in the filter paper . Fat is the name of this compound.

Fat is typically defined as any ester of fatty acids, or a combination of such compounds, most frequently those that occur in living things or in food, in the fields of nutrition, biology, and chemistry. Triglycerides, or triple esters of glycerol, are the primary constituents of vegetable oils including fatty tissue in animals. The term is frequently used to refer particularly to triglycerides.

The word may additionally be employed more broadly to refer to any biologically relevant compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is soluble to non-polar solvents but insoluble in water. One of the compounds left a white solid in the filter paper . Fat is the name of this compound.

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The balanced reaction equation is;

LiOH + HC2H3O2 → LiC2H3O2 + H2O

If we talk about a reaction equation, what we mean is the way that there can be a combination of the reactants and the products. We always show this by the use of an equation in which the reactants are on the left and the products are on the right side.

Now we have the word equation;

lithium hydroxide + hydrogen acetate-lithium acetate+water

The balanced reaction equation is shown above in the for the reaction that is thus stated.

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The process of dissolved solute particles being surrounded by the  water molecules in an aqueous solution is called solvation or hydration.

Solvation occurs when water molecules surround and interact with solute particles, usually ions or polar molecules, forming a stable solution. The water molecules surround the solute particles, with their polar ends facing the solute, creating a layer of water molecules around the solute particles, effectively dispersing and stabilizing them throughout the solution.

Solvation is a key process in many chemical and biological reactions that occur in aqueous solutions, as it helps to facilitate the dissolution of solutes and influences their properties and behavior in solution.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"The process of dissolved solute particles being surrounded by water molecules in an aqueous solution is called ----------- ."--

Answer:

Hybridization is the process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule.

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The percentage by mass of oxygen in CuSO4 is 40%.

Finding the compound's molar mass is the first step in calculating the percentage of an atom by mass. The atomic masses of all the atoms in the compound are added up to determine the molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of the molecule.

We have the molar mass of the CuSO4 is given  as;

64 + 32 + 4(16) = 160 g/mol

Then we have the percentage by mass of oxygen as;

4(16)/160 * 100/1

40%

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Main-group metal (representative metal): Ru, Ta. Main-group nonmetal (representative nonmetal): As, Rn. Main-group semimetal (metalloid): In. Transition metal: Eu.  Inner transition metal (lanthanide/actinide): Se is not an inner transition metal. Therefore, the correct answer for Se should be replaced with an inner transition metal (lanthanide or actinide) .Possible replacements for Se: La (lanthanide), Am (actinide).

Main group elements can be further classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids (also known as semimetals) based on their physical and chemical properties. Metals are typically shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and malleable. Nonmetals are typically brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and have low melting and boiling points. Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals and are semiconductors.

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The only true option here is option (b) Decreasing the activation energy increases the reaction rate.

Activation Energy is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. When the activation energy is lowered, it becomes easier for reactant molecules to overcome the energy barrier and react, leading to an increase in the reaction rate. Therefore, decreasing the activation energy increases the reaction rate.

If you recall the statement "The activation energy of an exothermic reaction is negative". This statement is not always true. The activation energy can be positive, negative, or zero, depending on the specific reaction.

There is another statement from the question which says, "There is no relationship between activation energy and reaction rate". This statement is entirely false.

Note that the activation energy plays a crucial role in determining the reaction rate.

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To determine the total pressure of a gas mixture that contains oxygen (O2), you need to know the partial pressure of the oxygen gas and the partial pressures of the other gases in the mixture. The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture. This is known as Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures. Can you provide more information about the gas mixture, such as the partial pressures or mole fractions of the gases in the mixture?

C₂H₂ + 5/2 O[tex]_2[/tex](g) → 2CO[tex]_2[/tex](g) +H [tex]_2[/tex]O(l) is the balanced equation for the given unbalanced chemical equation.

An equation per a chemical reaction is said to be balanced if both the reactants plus the products have the same number of atoms and total charge for each component of the reaction. In a nutshell, the two components of the reaction have an equal balance of mass and charge. preservation of charge and mass, equation and reaction balance, etc.

C₂H₂ +  O[tex]_2[/tex](g) → CO[tex]_2[/tex](g) +H [tex]_2[/tex]O(l)

Firstly balance the number of carbon atoms on product side by multiplying by 2

C₂H₂ +  O[tex]_2[/tex](g) → 2CO[tex]_2[/tex](g) +H [tex]_2[/tex]O(l)

Now balance hydrogen and oxygen

C₂H₂ + 5/2 O[tex]_2[/tex](g) → 2CO[tex]_2[/tex](g) +H [tex]_2[/tex]O(l)

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Answer:

A treatment that reduces pollution - a lack of oxygen in a body of water

- an overgrowth of microorganisms

Explanation:

The process by which an aquatic body of water gets enriched with too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, is known as eutrophication.

These nutrients encourage the excessive development of algae and other aquatic plants, which overpopulates the water with organic materials.

As a result, the water's oxygen content drops, which has a detrimental effect on the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems.

Damage to aquatic animals, oxygen depletion, hazardous algal blooms, and water quality degradation can all result from eutrophication.

Although eutrophication is a long-term natural process, human activity may drastically speed it up. The main causes of eutrophication are excessive nutrient runoff from agriculture, poor waste management, and urban growth without adequate stormwater management.

Therefore, reducing the effects of eutrophication and maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems depend on regulating nutrient inputs and implementing sustainable practises.

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It will take approximately 2.079 hours for there to be only 1 g of substance A left.

The rate of decomposition of substance A is proportional to the amount of A present, which means that we can use the following differential equation to describe the decay;

dA/dt = -kA

where A is the amount of substance A at time t, k is the rate constant of the reaction, and the negative sign indicates that A is decreasing over time.

To solve differential equation, we separate the variables and integrate;

[tex]d_{A}[/tex]/A = -k [tex]d_{t}[/tex]

Integrating both sides gives;

ln(A) = [tex]-k_{t}[/tex] + C

where C is the constant of integration. To find the value of C, we can use the initial condition that 8 g of A reduces to 4 g in 3 hours. At t=0, A=Ao=8 g, and at t=3, A=4 g. Substituting values into the equation above, we have;

ln(8) = -3k + C

ln(4) = -6k + C

Subtracting first equation from second, we get;

ln(4/8) = -3k

Simplifying, we get;

k = ln(2)/3

Now, we can use the equation we derived earlier to find how long it will take for there to be only 1 g of A left;

ln(A) =[tex]-k_{t}[/tex] + C

ln(1) = -(ln(2)/3)t + C

Simplifying, we get:

t = 3 ln(2)

t ≈ 2.079 hours

Therefore, it will take 2.079 hours.

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