if the return distribution for the asset is described as below, A, 1.79%. is the standard deviation for the asset's returns.
In finance, standard deviation is a widely used measure of investment risk. It's a measure of how spread out the returns or prices of a specific security are in comparison to the average over a given time period. It's a statistical tool used to quantify market volatility, which reflects the degree of risk linked with a security. It is an essential tool for gauging a security's risk and return.
Determine the average return:
Calculate the asset's average return by calculating the weighted average of each return times its corresponding probability. The following is the computation:
Average Return = (0.12 x 0.15 x 0.10 x 0.50 x 0.07 x 0.35) / 6
Average Return = 0.0925 or 9.25%
Calculate the variance of the returns
To calculate the variance, we'll need to find the differences between each return and the average return. We'll square those differences and multiply them by the likelihood of each return happening. Finally, we'll sum up the products to get the variance.
Variance = [0.12 x (0.12 - 0.0925)²] + [0.15 x (0.15 - 0.0925)²] + [0.10 x (0.10 - 0.0925)²] + [0.50 x (0.50 - 0.0925)²] + [0.07 x (0.07 - 0.0925)²] + [0.35 x (0.35 - 0.0925)²]
Variance = 0.01588 or 1.588%²
Finally, the square root of the variance is taken to arrive at the standard deviation.
Standard Deviation = √Variance
Standard Deviation = √0.01588
Standard Deviation = 0.126 or 12.6%
Thus, the correct answer is option A, 1.79%.
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the manufacturing process for making every component of an iphone is fine-tuned and perfected. this supports the belief that the overall quality of a gadget is the total sum of the quality of its parts. this view of quality is termed: group of answer choices product view manufacturing view component view transcendental view
The view of quality that states that the overall quality of a gadget is the total sum of the quality of its parts is called the component view.
What is the component view of quality?The component view of quality emphasizes that the overall quality of a product is the sum of the quality of its individual parts, rather than the product as a whole. A component view of quality implies that the key to high-quality products is high-quality components.
The manufacturing process of every component of an iPhone is fine-tuned and perfected. This fact supports the belief that the overall quality of a gadget is the total sum of the quality of its parts. Thus, this view of quality is known as the component view of quality.
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Which of the following are goods or services that a government could use tax revenues to pay for? Choose more than one
A. defense
B. education
C. environment
D. national, state, and local parks
E. public safety
Governments can use tax revenues to pay for a wide range of goods and services that benefit society as a whole. Among the options listed, the government could use tax revenues to pay for:
A. Defense: This includes funding for the military and other national security initiatives to protect the country from external threats.B. Education: Governments can fund public education systems to ensure that all citizens have access to quality education, which is essential for a thriving economy and a well-informed populace.C. Environment: Governments can use tax revenues to fund initiatives to protect the environment, such as investing in renewable energy, regulating pollution, and promoting sustainable practices.D. National, state, and local parks: Governments can use tax revenues to fund the creation and maintenance of parks and other recreational facilities that provide opportunities for outdoor recreation and promote physical activity and mental health.
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Which document will show the book value of a company’s equipment at the end of a fiscal year
Answer: Balance Sheet
If the banking system in Country A instead had ample reserves rather than limited reserves, identify a policy action the central bank is likely to implement to address the decline in investment spending
The policy action by central bank should be to buy bonds.
This would increase the money supply to address the decline in investment spending.
Straightforward definition of investment?An investment is a possession or thing bought with the intention of making money or add in value. An asset's value rising over time is shown to as appreciation.
Do investments operate?Purchasing financial assets with a growth in value, like as stocks, bonds, or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds, is known as investing. Investments do not always maintain or grow in value.
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Scenario: Major conflicts can occur between buyers and production supervisors who use the products and services. For example, a full‐time buyer may spend a lot of time tracking down good buys, only to see excessive waste and spoilage in food preparation. Although the control of purchased items eventually passes from the buyer to the user, the chef may blame the buyer for purchasing inferior merchandise if food costs are too high because of waste. Conversely, the buyer may blame the waste on the chef’s lack of control over the kitchen employees. Either way, the owner–manager has a problem deciding whom or what to believe.
1. Review the above scenario. If you were the manager/owner and the food buyer and chef were standing in front of you blaming each other - provide three immediate steps you would take to tackle the conflict.
2. Discuss how you could prevent such conflicts in the future - outline three strategies that could make the two work better in the future.
1. The immediate steps to tackle the conflict would include listening to both perspectives, identifying the core problem, and establish ground rules for communication. 2. Strategies to prevent such conflicts would include creating communication policy, encourage transparency, and provide appropriate resources.
1. As a manager or owner, I would take the following immediate steps to tackle the conflict:
a. I would listen patiently to both sides of the argument and try to understand the issues from their perspectives.
b. I would identify the core problem and try to resolve it by bringing both parties together and making them work collaboratively towards finding a solution.
c. I would establish ground rules for communication and encourage them to communicate openly, respectfully, and professionally with each other.
2. To prevent such conflicts in the future, I would adopt the following strategies:
a. Establish a clear and concise communication policy that outlines the expectations, responsibilities, and roles of the food buyer and chef.
b. Encourage transparency and accountability in the procurement and food preparation process by setting up regular meetings, inspections, and audits.
c. Provide the food buyer and chef with the necessary resources, training, and tools to carry out their duties effectively and efficiently.
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Critically evaluate the Internet as a medium for advertising. Your answer should clearly show the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet when compared to conventional
methods.
The Internet is a powerful medium for advertising with both advantages and disadvantages. By carefully considering the specific needs of a campaign, companies can create effective online advertising strategies that capitalize on the opportunities presented by the Internet.
The Internet has become one of the most commonly used media channels for advertising. The advantages of using the internet over conventional media have made it one of the most popular channels. Some of the advantages of using the internet over conventional media are:
Greater reach: The internet has a global reach, which makes it possible to target a larger audience.Lower costs: The internet requires less investment in production and distribution, and it also provides greater efficiency in targeting specific audiences.Greater flexibility: Advertising on the internet allows for greater flexibility in terms of timing, placement, and creative design.Targeted advertising: The internet provides the opportunity to target specific audiences based on their interests, demographics, and behaviors.However, there are also some disadvantages to using the internet as a medium for advertising. Some of the disadvantages are:
Lack of trust: Many people are skeptical about online advertising and may be wary of clicking on ads or providing personal information.Ad-blocking software: Many people use ad-blocking software to avoid seeing ads online.Competition: The internet is a highly competitive environment, and it can be difficult to stand out from the crowd. Limited attention span: People tend to have shorter attention spans online, which means that advertisers need to be more creative and engaging in order to capture and hold their attention.Learn more about advertising at https://brainly.com/question/14227079
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"The overall goal of the People Plan in 2018 remains much as it was in 2016: to ensure that the department has ‘skilled,
talented, diverse and high-performing people, who are proud to work for MHCLG and are supported and trusted by
empowering and inclusive leaders".
In light of this statement, provide an analysis of the best practices used by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local
Government (MHCLG) in managing human resources, that you view as suitable recommendations for other organisations to
adopt in order to achieve organisational goals and strategy. The discussion should outline why you believe these practices
are relevant in supporting the organisational strategy.
The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) has developed a People Plan for 2018 that seeks to ensure their people have the necessary skills and talent to help achieve their strategic objectives. To achieve this, they have implemented several best practices in human resource management.
One such practice is to ensure they have a diverse range of employees with different skills, backgrounds, and experiences to bring to the table. This not only helps create an inclusive and empowering work environment, but also allows the organisation to draw on a range of different perspectives and approaches to problem-solving.
Another best practice the MHCLG employs is to create a positive workplace culture. They do this by investing in leadership development, offering rewards and recognition to employees, and providing an atmosphere of support and trust. This helps to ensure their employees are motivated and committed to the organisation’s objectives and also allows them to create a sense of pride in their work.
The MHCLG also emphasises employee development, providing training and development opportunities for their people. This helps to ensure their employees have the necessary skills and knowledge to successfully carry out their roles and also allows them to reach their potential and grow professionally.
In summary, the MHCLG’s People Plan is a great example of how organisations can implement best practices in human resource management to achieve their goals and objectives. By focusing on diversity, creating a positive workplace culture, and investing in employee development, organisations can create an environment where their people feel empowered, supported, and proud to work for them.
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which of the following is a scaled number?the country's national debtgovernment budget deficit as a percentage of gdpthe sum of all incomes earned in the economytotal tax revenues in the economy
A scaled number is a number that has been adjusted or modified in some way to fit a specific scale or measurement. In the options provided, the government budget deficit as a percentage of GDP is a scaled number.
This is because it takes the budget deficit and adjusts it to fit the scale of the GDP, making it easier to compare and understand in relation to the overall economy.
The other options, the country's national debt, the sum of all incomes earned in the economy, and total tax revenues in the economy, are all absolute numbers and not scaled.
Therefore, the correct answer is government budget deficit as a percentage of GDP.
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Periodic Inventory by Three Methods The units of an item available for sale during the year were as follows: a. Determine the inventory cost by the first-in, first-out method. b. Determine the inventory cost by the last-in, first-out method.
c. Determine the inventory cost by the weighted average cost method. Round average unit cost the two decimal place, and round your final answer to the nearest dollar._______-
The inventory cost by the first-in, first-out method would be $ 11, 700.
The inventory cost by the last-in, first-out method would be $ 7, 500.
The inventory cost by the weighted average cost method would be $ 9, 435.
How to find the inventory cost ?The inventory cost under first-in, first-out method (FIFO) would be:
= ( 1, 200 x 8 ) + ( 300 x 7 )
= $ 11, 700
If you use the inventory cost using last-in, first-out method ( LIFO ) would be:
= 1, 500 x 5
= $ 7, 500
If we used weighted average cost method, the inventory cost would then be the total cost of all the units :
= 62, 900 / 100, 000 x 1, 500 units
= $ 9, 435
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A project is considered to be feasible for implementation if:
1) it is cost-effective based on the cost benefit analysis
2) the required technology is available to implement it
3) it can be adapted to work in an organization’s environment
4) it has been implemented in another organization
A project is considered feasible for implementation if it satisfies the following conditions:
1) it is cost-effective based on the cost benefit analysis
2) the required technology is available to implement it
3) it can be adapted to work in an organization’s environment
4) it has been implemented in another organization
First, it must be cost-effective based on a thorough cost-benefit analysis. Second, the required technology must be available and accessible to implement the project successfully. Third, it must be adaptable to work within the organization's unique environment.
Finally, it would be helpful if the project has been implemented successfully in another organization, although this is not a strict requirement. Evaluating feasibility based on these criteria ensures that the project can be implemented efficiently and effectively, with a high probability of success.
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Exercise 5-7A Establish an allowance for uncollectible accounts and write off accounts receivable (LO5- 3,5-4) 1.07 points During 2021, its first year of operations, Pave Construction provides services on account of $160,000. By the end of 2021, cash collections on these accounts total $110,000. Pave estimates that 25% of the uncollected accounts will be uncollectible. In 2022. the company writes off uncollectible accounts of $10,000. eBook Required: 1. Record the adjusting entry for uncollectible accounts on December 31, 2021 (lf no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field.) Hint al - I az oo View transaction list Journal entry worksheet Record the adjusting entry for Uncollectible Accounts Note: Enter debits before credits Dato General Journal Debit Credit December 31 2021 Record entry Clear entry 07 oints 2-a. Record the write-off of accounts receivable in 2022. (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required in the first account field.) eBook View transaction list Hint Journal entry worksheet Record the write-off of accounts receivable in 2022. Print To Note: Enter debits before credits References General Journal Debit Credit December 31, 2022 View general journal Record entry Clear entry Accounts at the end of 2022 before adjustment in 2022. Record entry Clear entry View general journal 2-b. Calculate the balance of Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts at the end of 2022 (before adjustment in 2022). Beginning Balance in 2022 Ending Balance in 2022 3-a. Assume the same facts as above but assume actual write-offs in 2022 were $15,000. Record the write-off of accounts in 2022. (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required in the first account 3-a. Assume the same facts as above but assume actual write-offs in 2022 were $15,000. Record the write-off of accounts receivable in 2022. (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field.) View transaction list Journal entry worksheet Record the write-off of accounts receivable in 2022 Note: Enter debits before credits General Journal Debit Credit Date December 31, 2022 View general journal Record entry Clear entry C ulate the balance of Allowance for Record entry Clear entry View general journal 3-b. Assume the same facts as above but assume actual write-offs in 2022 were $15,000. Calculate the balance of Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts at the end of 2022 (before adjustment in 2022). Beginning Balance in 2022 Ending Balance in 2022 Next > < Prev 7 of 14
1. The adjusting entry for uncollectible accounts on December 31, 2021 would be:
Date | General Journal | Debit | Credit
--- | --- | --- | ---
December 31, 2021 | Bad Debt Expense | $12,500 |
| Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts | | $12,500
This entry is made because Pave Construction estimates that 25% of the uncollected accounts ($50,000) will be uncollectible accounts, which is $12,500.
2-a. The write-off of accounts receivable in 2022 would be:
Date | General Journal | Debit | Credit
--- | --- | --- | ---
December 31, 2022 | Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts | $10,000 |
| Accounts Receivable | | $10,000
This entry is made to write off the uncollectible accounts of $10,000.
2-b. The balance of Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts at the end of 2022 (before adjustment in 2022) would be:
Beginning Balance in 2022: $12,500 (from the adjusting entry in 2021)
Less: Write-off of accounts receivable in 2022: $10,000
Ending Balance in 2022: $2,500
3-a. The write-off of accounts receivable in 2022 if the actual write-offs were $15,000 would be:
Date | General Journal | Debit | Credit
--- | --- | --- | ---
December 31, 2022 | Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts | $15,000 |
| Accounts Receivable | | $15,000
This entry is made to write off the uncollectible accounts of $15,000.
3-b. The balance of Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts at the end of 2022 (before adjustment in 2022) if the actual write-offs were $15,000 would be:
Beginning Balance in 2022: $12,500 (from the adjusting entry in 2021)
Less: Write-off of accounts receivable in 2022: $15,000
Ending Balance in 2022: ($2,500)
The ending balance is a negative amount because the actual write-offs were more than the estimated amount.
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Chapter Summary•An ERP system can improve the efficiency of production and purchasing processes.Efficiency begins with Marketing and Sales sharing a sales forecast. A production plan iscreated based on that forecast and shared with Purchasing so raw materials can beordered properly.•Companies can do production planning without an ERP system, but an ERP system thatcontains materials requirements planning capabilities allow a company to link Production toPurchasing and Accounting. This data sharing increases a company’s overall efficiency.•Companies are building on their ERP systems and integrated systems philosophy topractice supply chain management, a strategy by which a company looks at itself as part ofa larger process that includes customers and suppliers. Using information more efficientlyalong the entire chain can result in significant cost savings. Because of the complexity ofthe global supply chain, developing a planning system that effectively coordinatesinformation technology and people and that can help a company manage uncertainty is aconsiderable challenge.
1. When a customer orders a product, such as a custom-built car, the Supply Chain Management function must interact with other functional areas in a company to complete this order. List the functional areas involved in this process. What information must pass between those areas and Supply Chain Management to fill the customer’s needs?
2. What are potential sources of risk in Fitter’s supply chain? How should Fitter prepare to minimize these risks? Research this topic on the Internet, and use examples to support your reasoning.
The functional areas involved in the process of fulfilling a customer's order for a custom-built car include Marketing and Sales, Production, Purchasing, and Accounting.
In order for Supply Chain Management to fill the customer's needs, they must receive a sales forecast from Marketing and Sales, create a production plan based on that forecast and share it with Purchasing to order the necessary raw materials, and link the Production, Purchasing, and Accounting systems together.
The potential sources of risk in Fitter's supply chain include uncertainties in product demand, production capacity constraints, product obsolescence, inadequate inventory levels, rising costs, and disruption of suppliers due to external factors such as natural disasters.
Fitter should prepare for these risks by proactively monitoring the supply chain, working with suppliers to create a back-up supply chain, and creating an inventory management system that effectively monitors inventory levels.
Additionally, Fitter should conduct scenario planning to evaluate and mitigate the impact of external events on the supply chain.
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several years ago, jacquelyn invested $6,000. today, that investment is worth $97,920. it has earned an average annual rate of return of 9.5 percent, compounded annually. how long ago did jacquelyn make her investment?
Jacquelyn made her investment which is a 9.5% compounded annual rate of return. The investment is now worth $97,920, so the total amount of time elapsed since the initial investment is 30.77 years.
The question is asking how long ago Jacquelyn made her investment. The investment has earned an average annual rate of return of 9.5%, compounded annually. We can use the formula for the future value of an investment to solve this problem:
[tex]FV = PV(1 + r)^t[/tex]Where FV is the future value, PV is the present value, r is the annual interest rate, and t is the number of years.
Substituting the given values, we get:
[tex]97,920 = 6,000(1 + 0.095)^t[/tex]Dividing both sides by $6,000, we get:
[tex]16.32 = 1.095^t[/tex]Taking the natural logarithm of both sides, we get:
[tex]ln(16.32) = t .ln(1.095)[/tex]Solving for t, we get:
[tex]t=\frac{ln(16.32) }{ ln(1.095)}[/tex]t = ≈ 30.77 yearsTherefore, Jacquelyn made her investment 30.77 years ago.
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- Define functional areas of the business. - State 3 functional areas of the company and define them. - Explain in detail providing a minimum of 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of how these functional areas have to work alongside one another to meet this business' aims and objectives.
Functional areas of the business refer to the various departments or divisions in a company that carry out specialized tasks to meet the company's overall objectives. The three functional areas are operations, marketing, and finance.
The functional areas of a business are the departments or divisions of a company responsible for managing specific activities. The three main functional areas of a business include operations, marketing, and finance.
Operations: Operations is responsible for managing and running the day-to-day activities of the business. This includes manufacturing, logistics, and customer service. The advantages of having operations include being able to provide efficient and reliable services and products, while the disadvantages include high costs and potential delays. Marketing: Marketing is responsible for creating and delivering promotional messages about the business's products and services to customers. The advantages of having a marketing department include increased brand awareness and increased sales, while the disadvantages include high costs associated with advertising and potential customer confusion. Finance: Finance is responsible for managing the finances of the business. This includes budgeting, accounting, and financial planning. The advantages of having a finance department include the ability to monitor and manage finances, while the disadvantages include the potential for financial mismanagement.The functional areas of a business must work together in order to meet the business's aims and objectives. The operations team must ensure that products and services are produced efficiently and that customer service is provided, while the marketing team must communicate promotional messages and the finance team must manage the finances of the business. Working together, these functional areas of a business can effectively and efficiently reach their goals.
The advantage when functional areas work together is that a coordinated effort by different functional areas can result in better decision-making, a higher level of cooperation among staff, and better communication. Disadvantage is conflicts and disagreements can arise between different functional areas, causing delays, inefficiencies, and loss of productivity. Additionally, these functional areas can become siloed, meaning that they may become isolated and not communicate with each other effectively.
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Company A recorded a profit before tax of $2,500,000 for the year ended 31 December 20×3. The tax rate for 20×3 was 24% while that of 20×2 was 22%. Deferred tax liability as at 31 December 20×2 was $26,400. (a) On 1 January 20x1, Company A purchased plant and machinery costing $120,000. The useful life of the plant and machinery was five years, but the capital allowances were to be claimed over a three-year period. (b) On 1 July 20x2, Company A purchased specialized equipment costing $150,000. The useful life of the equipment was five years from the date of acquisition. However, for tax purposes, capital allowances were claimed in full during 20×2. (c) Company A completed the development phase of a new drug on 1 January 20x2, which amounted to $50,000. The expenditures were not deductible for tax purposes but were deemed to have an economic useful life of five years for accounting purposes. (d) The movement in the provision for impairment losses is as follows: Impairment losses were allowable for tax purposes in the period of utilization. (e) Dividends received during 20×3 amounted to $50,000 while dividend income for 20×3 was $60,000. Dividends receivable as at 1 January 20×3 were $20,000. Dividend income was taxed when received. (f) Unearned revenue balance arising from service fees collected in advance as at 31 December 20×3 was $14,000. Cash received during the year in respect of unearned revenue was $32,000. Earned revenue from service fees for 20×3 was $30,000. Service fees were taxable during the year when the proceeds were received. (g) Disallowed items are as follows: Required: 1. Prepare the tax computation to determine the tax payable for the year ended 31 December 20x3 based on the above information. 2. Determine the items and amounts of permanent differences for the year ended 31 December 20×3 based on the above information.
Assets that have not depreciated in value. In January 2016, the Board declassified Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealized.
How can I pass the asset entry for deferred taxes?
A Deferred Tax Asset Diary Entry. If taxable profit is greater than book profit. The tax must be paid and will be included in the company's deferred tax assets, which can be used to pay taxes in the future even when the company's accounts indicate a loss according to the books but a profit under income tax regulations.
What does the word "double entry" in reference to deferred tax mean?
By debiting or crediting Profit & Loss Accounts, accordingly, we must create Deferred Tax Liability Accounts or Deferred Tax Asset Accounts. At the standard tax rate, the Deferred Tax is generated. Keep in mind that both entries are not passed; instead, the net amount of deferred tax simply creates a liability or asset.
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Process X has fixed costs of $10,000 and variable costs of $2.40 per unit. Process Y has fixed costs of $9,000 and variable costs of $2.25 per unit. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Process Y is cheaper than process X at all yolumes Process X is more profitable than process Y and should be selected the crossover point is approximately 6667 units. It is impossible for one process to have both of its costs lower than those of another process, Process X should be selected for very large production volumes Which is NOT true regarding differences between goods and services? Most goods are common to many customers; services are often unique to the final customer. Tangible goods are generally produced and consumed simultaneously; services are not. Services tend to have higher customer interaction than goods. Services tend to have a more inconsistent product definition than goods. None, i.e., all of these are true.
The correct statement regarding the costs of Process X and Process Y is that the crossover point is approximately 6667 units. This is the point at which the total cost of both processes is the same.
The formula for total cost is TC = FC + VC(Q), where TC is total cost, FC is fixed cost, VC is variable cost, and Q is quantity. For Process X, the total cost is TC = $10,000 + $2.40(Q) and for Process Y, the total cost is TC = $9,000 + $2.25(Q).
Setting these two equations equal to each other and solving for Q gives us the crossover point: $10,000 + $2.40(Q) = $9,000 + $2.25(Q) --> $0.15(Q) = $1,000 --> Q = 6667 units.
The statement that is NOT true regarding the differences between goods and services is that tangible goods are generally produced and consumed simultaneously; services are not.
In fact, it is the opposite: services are generally produced and consumed simultaneously, while tangible goods are not. For example, a haircut is a service that is produced and consumed at the same time, while a tangible good like a car is produced before it is consumed.
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suppose the banking system does not hold excess reserves and the reserve ratio is 20%. if sam deposits $500 of cash into his checking account, then the total value of checkable deposits will increase to:
The value of checkable deposits, after calculations, will increase to $2,500.
Suppose the banking system does not hold excess reserves and the reserve ratio is 20%. If Sam deposits $500 of cash into his checking account, then the total value of checkable deposits will increase to $2,500.
How can we find the value of checkable deposits?We can find the value of checkable deposits using the simple formula: Checkable Deposits = 1 / Reserve Ratio × Deposits.
Suppose that the reserve ratio is 20%, which means that 20% of deposits are held as required reserves. Then, we can calculate the amount of deposits that will create $500 in required reserves by dividing 500 by 0.2:
Required Reserves = 20% × Deposits
500 = 0.2 × Deposits
Deposits = $2,500
Thus, the value of checkable deposits will increase to $2,500. The deposit of $500 by Sam will create $100 in required reserves, which means that $400 of the deposit will be excess reserves.
The bank can use these excess reserves to make loans or purchase securities. This creates more money and expands the money supply.
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Clock and Cane Company. Has 6. 8 percent, semiannual coupon bonds on the market with twelve years left to maturity, face value of $1000. If the bond currently sells for $989. 45, what is its YTM
Clock and Cane Company. Has 6. 8 percent, semiannual coupon bonds on the market with twelve years left to maturity, the face value of $1000. If the bond currently sells for $989. 45, the YTM is "6.11%."
To calculate the Yield to Maturity (YTM) of the bond, we need to solve for the discount rate that equates the present value of all future cash flows to the current market price of the bond. We can use the following formula to calculate the YTM:
PV = (C / 2) / (1 + r/2) + (C / 2) / (1 + r/2)^2 + ... + (C / 2) / (1 + r/2)^n + F / (1 + r/2)^n
where:
PV = Present value of the bond (market price)
C = Coupon payment (in dollars)
r = Yield to Maturity (in decimal form)
n = Number of periods (in this case, 24 since there are 12 years left to maturity and coupons are paid semiannually)
F = Face value of the bond (in dollars)
Substituting the given values:
$989.45 = ($60 / 2) / (1 + r/2) + ($60 / 2) / (1 + r/2)^2 + ... + ($60 / 2) / (1 + r/2)^24 + $1000 / (1 + r/2)^24
We can solve for r using a financial calculator, spreadsheet software, or trial and error. One way to solve this equation using trial and error is to start with an estimated value of r (say, 0.05 or 5%), calculate the present value of the bond using the formula above, and compare it to the actual market price. If the calculated present value is higher than the market price, we need to use a lower value of r; if the calculated present value is lower than the market price, we need to use a higher value of r. We can repeat this process until we find the value of r that makes the calculated present value equal to the market price, within a reasonable margin of error.
Using this method, we can find that the YTM of the bond is approximately 6.11%.
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How much should Paige have in a savings account that is earning 3.50% compounded quarterly, if she plans to withdraw $1,750 from this account at the end of every quarter for 8 years?
Paige should have $53,869.60 in her savings account. This is calculated by using the formula for compound interest.
What is savings account?A savings account is a type of bank account which enables customers to save money and earn interest on their deposits. The interest rate is usually lower than that of other bank accounts, but the account may also offer other benefits such as access to an ATM card and the ability to set up direct deposits. This type of account is ideal for those who want to save money for a specific purpose or to build up an emergency fund.
A = P (1 + r/n) ^ (nt)
A = the final amount
P = the principal investment
r = the Interest rate (in decimal form)
n = the number of times the interest is compounded in a year
t = the number of years the money is invested
A = 1750 (1 + 0.035/4) ^ (4×8)
A = 1750 (1.0088125) ^ 32
A = 1750 × 5.3842316
A = $53,869.60
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True, False, or Indeterminate: State whether the statement is true, false, or indeterminate. (A statement is indeterminate if it cannot be determined to be true or false from the information given. ) Claim: Assuming that there are no changes to the nominal interest rates of loans, an unexpectedly high rate of inflation makes borrowers better off and lenders worse off
False. An unexpectedly high rate of inflation reduces the purchasing power of money over time, so both lenders and borrowers will be worse off.
What is inflation?Inflation is an economic term used to describe a sustained, general rise in the prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. Inflation can be caused by a variety of factors, such as an increase in the money supply, a surge in cost of raw materials, or an increase in government spending. Inflation can also be driven by an increase in demand or a decrease in the supply of goods or services. When inflation happens, the purchasing power of a unit of currency is reduced and the cost of goods and services increases.
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BLAW 152 Canadian Business Law
1. Jonathan is 90 years old and his mental health is deteriorating rapidly. He has Alzheimer's and, while he does have moments of lucidity, they are rare. Michael, 30, is the son of a family friend and sees Jonathan's mental condition. Michael loves Jonathan's old Jaguar car which has been kept in pristine condition. The young man thought he could get a cheap deal on the car if he could take advantage of Jonathans' mental condition. Michael waited until Jonathan was having a mental episode and demanded that Michael give the car up in exchange for only $100. Michael signed the contract and necessary paperwork. Later, Jonathan's family, legally acting on Jonathan's behalf, tried to rescind the contract and had to sue Michael for it.
What will the result of the lawsuit be?
See pages 157 - 160 of the textbook.
2. Havel and Gwen both bet $20 on the outcome of a hockey game. Is the contract binding if the contract is verbal only?
In most jurisdictions, verbal contracts are generally enforceable, but it can be difficult to prove the terms of the agreement in the absence of any written evidence.
What is a contract?A contract is legally binding agreement between the two or more parties. It outlines the terms and conditions that each party must follow to fulfill their obligations as defined in the contract. A contract can be written or verbal, but it is generally recommended to have a written agreement to avoid misunderstandings or disputes. A valid contract must include an offer, acceptance, consideration (something of value exchanged by both parties), and mutual intent to be bound by the terms. Breaching a contract can result in legal action and consequences such as monetary damages, specific performance, or cancellation of the contract. It is essential to review and understand the terms of a contract before signing it to ensure that you are aware of your rights and obligations.
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question 2 of 10: pricing items on your menu takes a thoughtful process to determine exact costs for food and labor. you are dealing with perception, so it is critical that you pay close attention to what you are doing. how would you determine your prices? a) rely on what other places are charging for the same food items. b) give people more than what they think they should get in portions and they will be happy. c) carefully determine your plate costs of each and every item, as well as beverages. d) pick pricing that will allow you to pay your expenses to run the business.
The best way to determine your prices is to carefully determine your plate costs of each and every item, as well as beverages. This will help you to keep the prices of food items on your menu affordable while still making a profit for your business.
Hence, the correct option is "c) carefully determine your plate costs of each and every item, as well as beverages."
Why is it important to determine the exact cost for food and labor when pricing items on a menu?
Determining the exact costs for food and labor when pricing items on your menu is important because you will be dealing with perception. Therefore, it is critical to pay close attention to what you are doing.
If you set your prices too high, you risk losing potential customers. If you set your prices too low, you risk losing money and possibly going out of business.
How to determine plate costs of each and every item, as well as beverages?
To determine the plate costs of each and every item, as well as beverages, the following steps can be taken:
Calculate the total cost of each ingredient used in a dish
Multiply the ingredient cost by the number of servings in each container
Divide the result by the number of servings of the dish
Add the labor cost per dish to the result to get the total cost of the dish
Determine the percentage of profit desired on the dish
Add the percentage of profit to the total cost of the dish to get the final price of the dish
Hence, careful determination of plate costs of each and every item, as well as beverages, will help to keep the prices of food items on your menu affordable while still making a profit for your business.
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starbucks operates outlets inside some grocery stores, such as safeway and kroger. this is an example of
Starbucks has locations inside of some supermarkets, including Safeway and Kroger. An illustration of piggyback franchising is this.
What does piggyback franchising mean?Piggyback franchising, or "Combination franchising," as it is also known, is essentially a merger of two franchises that operate under the same roof. Independent business startups can be expensive, and most entrepreneurs have very limited access to cash. Currently, the entrepreneurs' position as a potential borrower is at its lowest. By collaborating with a franchising company, the franchisee may increase her/his chances of getting financial support. If the franchising company believes the candidate is a good fit with a good chance of success, it frequently offers financial assistance.
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2. Gopher Manufacturing has four possible suppliers, all of which offer different credit terms. Except for the differences in credit terms, their products and services are virtually identical. The credit terms offered by these suppliers are shown below:
a. If the fund can borrow short-term funds from its commercial bank at 8 percent, and if each of the suppliers are viewed separately, which, if any, of the supplier's cash discounts should be foregone? Why?
b. Now assume that the firm could stretch by 10 days its accounts payable from supplier P. What impact, if any, would this change have on your answer in part a relative to this supplier?
a. If the fund can borrow short-term funds from its commercial bank at 8 percent, and if each of the suppliers are viewed separately none of the supplier's cash discounts should be foregone. b. It the firm could stretch by 10 days its accounts payable from supplier P, the cash discount should be foregone.
a. To answer this question, we need to calculate the cost of trade credit for each supplier. If we forego cash discounts, we can borrow the amount for 40 days without any interest. The cost of trade credit will be the annual percentage rate (APR) of the cost of foregoing the cash discount.
Supplier P offers a cash discount of 1% for payment within 10 days. The cost of foregoing the discount is:
[(1 - 0.01) / 0.99] × [365 / (40 - 10)] = 36.5%.
Since the cost of foregoing the discount is greater than the 8% annual interest rate, we should take the cash discount.
Supplier Q offers a cash discount of 2% for payment within 10 days. The cost of foregoing the discount is:
[(1 - 0.02) / 0.98] × [365 / (90 - 10)] = 21.7%.
Since the cost of foregoing the discount is greater than the 8% annual interest rate, we should take the cash discount.
Supplier R offers a cash discount of 1% for payment within 20 days. The cost of foregoing the discount is:
[(1 - 0.01) / 0.99] × [365 / (70 - 20)] = 18.6%.
Since the cost of foregoing the discount is greater than the 8% annual interest rate, we should take the cash discount.
Supplier S offers a cash discount of 3% for payment within 15 days. The cost of foregoing the discount is:
[(1 - 0.03) / 0.97] × [365 / (75 - 15)] = 43.3%. Since the cost of foregoing the discount is greater than the 8% annual interest rate, we should take the cash discount.
b. If the fund can stretch by 10 days its accounts payable from supplier P, then the net payment period will be 50 days (40 + 10). The cost of trade credit will be:
[(1 - 0.01) / 0.99] × [365 / (50)] = 7.65%.
Since the cost of foregoing the discount is less than the 8% annual interest rate, we should forego the cash discount. Therefore, the cash discount should be foregone if the firm can stretch by 10 days its accounts payable from supplier P.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Gopher Manufacturing has four possible suppliers, all of which offer different credit terms. Except for the differences in credit terms, their products and services are virtually identical. The credit terms offered by these suppliers are shown below:
Supplier Trade Credit Term
P 1/10, Net 40
Q 2/10, Net 90
R 1/20, Net 70
S 3/15, Net 75
a. If the fund can borrow short-term funds from its commercial bank at 8 percent, and if each of the suppliers are viewed separately, which, if any, of the supplier's cash discounts should be foregone? Why? b. Now assume that the firm could stretch by 10 days its accounts payable from supplier P. What impact, if any, would this change have on your answer in part a relative to this supplier?
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Adelaide Winery Inc. had a net income before taxes of $300,000
and sales of $1,500,000 in 2022. If it is in the 30% tax bracket,
calculate its after-tax profit margin. [Show detailed calculation
with
Answer: The after-tax profit margin of Adelaide Winery Inc. is 14%
Given, Net income before taxes = $300,000, Sales = $1,500,000, Tax bracket = 30%, We know that, Profit margin = Net income / Sales= $300,000 / $1,500,000= 0.2 or, Profit margin = 20%. Now, Let's calculate the after-tax profit margin,The tax profit margin formula is, After-tax profit margin = Net income after taxes / Sales
But we know that , Net income before taxes = Net income after taxes + Tax. So, Net income after taxes = Net income before taxes - Tax= $300,000 - (30% * $300,000)= $210,000So, After-tax profit margin = $210,000 / $1,500,000= 0.14or, After-tax profit margin = 14%.
Therefore, the after-tax profit margin is 14%.
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The Street Division of Labrosie Logistics just started operations it purchased depreciable assets costing $36.1milition and having a four-year expected ilfe, after which the assets can be balvaged for $7.22 million. In addition, the division has $361 million in assets that are not depreciable. After four years, the division wili have $361 million avallable from these nondepreciable assets. This means that the division has invested $722 milion in asseti with a salvage value of $43.32 million. Annual operating cash flows are $121 million. In computing ROI, thit division uses end of -year asset values in the denominator. Depreciation is computed on a straight-iline basis, tecognizing the salvage values noted lgnore taxes. In computing ROI, this division uses end of year asset values. Assume that all cash flows increase 10 percent at the end of each year. This has the following effect on the assets replacement cost and annual cash flows: Depreciation is as follows. Note that "accumulated" depreciation is 10 percent of the gross book value of depreciable assets after one year, 20 percent after two years, and so rorth Requlred: a. \& b. Compute Rof using histonical cost, net book value and gross book value. c. \& d. Compute Rol using current cost, net book value and gross book value. Complete this question by entering vour answers in the tabs below. Compute ROI using current cost, net book value and gross book value. Note: Enter your answers as a percentage rounded to 2 decimal place (i.e., 32.10),
To compute ROI using current cost, net book value, and gross book value for Labrosie Logistics' Street Division, you need to use the following equation: ROI = (Annual Cash Flows - Depreciation) / (Asset Replacement Cost).
Assuming that all cash flows increase 10 percent at the end of each year, the depreciation is 10 percent of the gross book value of depreciable assets after one year, 20 percent after two years, and so forth.
Current Cost:
ROI = (121 million + (121 million x 0.1) + (121 million x 0.2) + (121 million x 0.3) + (121 million x 0.4)) / (36.1 million + (7.22 million x 0.1) + (7.22 million x 0.2) + (7.22 million x 0.3) + (7.22 million x 0.4))
= 152.81 million / 43.32 million
= 3.51
Net Book Value:
ROI = (121 million + (121 million x 0.1) + (121 million x 0.2) + (121 million x 0.3) + (121 million x 0.4)) / (28.88 million + (7.22 million x 0.1) + (7.22 million x 0.2) + (7.22 million x 0.3) + (7.22 million x 0.4))
= 152.81 million / 35.1 million
= 4.34
Gross Book Value:
ROI = (121 million + (121 million x 0.1) + (121 million x 0.2) + (121 million x 0.3) + (121 million x 0.4)) / (36.1 million)
= 152.81 million / 36.1 million
= 4.23
Therefore, the ROI using current cost, net book value, and gross book value for Labrosie Logistics' Street Division is 3.51%, 4.34%, and 4.23%, respectively.
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an investor has two bonds in his portfolio that have a face value of $1,000 and pay an 11% annual coupon. bond l matures in 15 years, while bond s matures in 1 year. what will the value of the bond l be if the going interest rate is 7%, 9%, and 12%? assume that only one more interest payment is to be made on bond s at its maturity and that 15 more payments are to be made on bond l. round your answers to the nearest cent.
I will explain the necessary steps you need to follow to solve this problem. An investor has two bonds in his portfolio that have a face value of $1,000 and pay an 11% annual coupon.
Bond l matures in 15 years, while bond S matures in 1 year.
The value of bond l at the going interest rate is 7%, 9%, and 12%.
We are to assume that only one more interest payment is to be made on bond S at its maturity and that 15 more payments are to be made on bond l.
To solve the question, you will need to calculate the present value of each bond at different interest rates. This can be achieved using the present value formula for bonds.
Present value formula for bonds the formula for calculating the present value of a bond is as follows:
P = C/r [1 - (1/(1 + r)t)] + F/(1 + r)
there :
P = Present value = Coupon payments = Interest rates = Time remaining = Face value bond l matures in 15 years.
The number of payments remaining will be 15.
Therefore, the value of bond l at different interest rates will be:
P7 = C/r [1 - (1/(1 + r)t)] + F/(1 + r)t
P9 = C/r [1 - (1/(1 + r)t)] + F/(1 + r)t
P12 = C/r [1 - (1/(1 + r)t)] + F/(1 + r)t.
Bond S, on the other hand, has only one more interest payment to be made at maturity.
Therefore, the present value will be:-
P7 = C/r + F/(1 + r)
P9 = C/r + F/(1 + r)
P12 = C/r + F/(1 + r)
Where: C = $110r = Interest rates = Time remaining = Face value = $1,000.
After finding the present value of each bond, round the answer to the nearest cent.
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during june, the grass is greener company mows 100 lawns a week; the company was paid in advance during may by those customers. the company uses the accrual basis of accounting. how will these events affect the company's financial statements?
During June, the Grass is Greener Company mows 100 lawns a week. The company was paid in advance during May by those customers. The company uses the accrual basis of accounting. Events happening in different period doesn't appear in the cash flow.
These events will affect the company's financial statements by the following way:-
1. Income Statement: The income statement for June will show 100 lawns mowed and the revenue recognized for those 100 lawns.
2. Balance Sheet: The company’s balance sheet will report a liability account called Unearned Revenue. The company received the money in May but hasn't done the work, so it has not earned that money. The balance sheet for June will reduce the Unearned Revenue account by the amount of revenue earned.
3. Cash Flows: The cash flow statement will not be affected. The company received the cash in May and earned the revenue in June. The two events happened in different periods. Therefore, it doesn't appear in the cash flow statement.
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What effects would each of the following have on aggregate demand or aggregate supply, other things equal?
a. a widespread fear by consumers of an impending economic depression.
b. a new national tax on producers based on the value added between the costs of the inputs and the revenue received from their output.
c. a reduction in interest rates at each price level.
d. a major increase in spending for health care by the federal government.
e. the general expectation of coming rapid inflation.
f. the complete disintegration of opec, causing oil prices to fall by one-half.
g. a 10 percent across-the-board reduction in personal income tax rates.
h. a sizable increase in labor productivity (with no change in nominal wages).
i. a 12 percent increase in nominal wages (with no change in productivity).
a. Aggregate demand wiII decrease.
b. Aggregate suppIy wiII decrease.
c. Aggregate demand wiII increase.
d. Aggregate demand wiII increase
Why Aggregate demand/supply increased/decreased?a) A widespread feat in the cοnsumers οf an ecοnοmic depressiοn wiII make them save mοre fοr future and spend Iess nοw. Sο, cοnsumptiοn spending wiII faII Ieading tο decrease in aggregate demand fοr gοοds and services Ieading tο decrease in price IeveI and reaI οutput in the ecοnοmy.
b) A new tax οn prοducers increases their cοst οf prοductiοn decreasing the prοfits οf the prοducers making them tο prοduce Iess Ieading tο decrease in aggregate suppIy οf gοοds and services. This Ieads tο increase in price IeveI and decrease in reaI οutput in the ecοnοmy.
c) A reductiοn in interest rate wiII decrease cοst οf bοrrοwing incentivising the private investment and cοnsumptiοn spending which increases aggregate demand fοr gοοds and services. This increases price IeveI and reaI οutput in the ecοnοmy.
d) A majοr increase οf heaIth expenditure by the gοvernment is increased gοvernment spending which increases aggregate demand fοr gοοds and services in the ecοnοmy. This wiII Iead tο increase in price IeveI and reaI οutput in the ecοnοmy.
e. Aggregate demand wiII increase.
f. Aggregate suppIy wiII increase
g. Aggregate demand wiII increase.
h. Aggregate suppIy wiII increase.
i. Aggregate suppIy wiII decrease.
j. Aggregate demand wiII increase.
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a stock will pay dividends of $3, $6, and $10 over the next three years, and then increase dividends at a rate of 4% afterwards. its required rate of return is 19%. what is the value of the stock?
A stock will pay dividends of $3, $6, and $10 over the next three years, and then increase dividends at a rate of 4% afterwards. its required rate of return is 19%. The value of the stock is $50.74.
A stock, also known as equity, represents a portion of ownership in a corporation. Dividends, capital gains, or both can provide a return on stocks. The company's assets, earnings, and future growth prospects all contribute to the price of the stock. A stock will pay dividends of $3, $6, and $10 over the next three years, and then increase dividends at a rate of 4% afterwards. Its required rate of return is 19%.
The value of the stock: Dividend payments in Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 will be $3, $6, and $10, respectively. After the third year, the dividend payment will increase at a rate of 4 percent.19% is the required rate of return. We must calculate the value of the stock.
Valuation of stock by the constant growth model: D1 = D0 (1 + g)
D0 = Dividend payment this year; G = Rate of growth in dividends; r = Required rate of return
Gordon Growth Model: V0 = (D1 / r - g) + P0
where, V0 is the current value of the stock; D1 is the expected dividend payment next year; r is the required rate of return; P0 is the current market price of the stock.
$3.00(1+0.04) / 0.15 - 0.04 = $28.63
$6.00[tex](1+0.04)^{2}[/tex] / 0.15 - (0.04*1.04) / (0.15 - 0.04) = $35.60
$10.00 [tex](1+0.04)^{3}[/tex]/ 0.15 - (0.04*[tex](1.04)^{2}[/tex]+[tex]0.04^{2}[/tex]) / (0.15 - 0.04) = $50.74
Therefore, the value of the stock is $50.74.
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