If the allele frequency for the excessive single allele is 0.02, the particular rare hair color could be expected in 1 in every 50 individuals.
By dividing the total number of copies of all the alleles at that specific genetic locus in the population by the number of times the allele of interest is detected in a population, an allele frequency can be computed. If any allele frequency is 0.02 for a recessive allele, it would be expected to occur in about 1 individual out of every 50 individuals.
A fraction, a percentage, or a decimal can be used to express allele frequencies. The relative frequency of an allele at a certain locus in a population, represented as a fraction or percentage, is known as gene frequency or allele frequency.
In further detail, it is the percentage of chromosomes overall in the population that has that allele compared to the entire population or sample size. The most crucial genetic variation measurements are relative genotype frequency and relative allele frequency.
To know more about allele frequency refer to brainly.com/question/14473833
#SPJ4
Specialization can be both limiting and beneficial. How would a plant species benefit from a pollinator that only visits the flowers of that plant species? Less competition for pollinators with other species. Less competition for pollinators within the species. The flowers always having a pollinator. Decreased self-fertilization, allowing for greater genetic variation.
Answer:
Less competition for pollinators with other species.
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
Just finished test
Distinguish the overall structure of a gastrovascular cavity from that of an alimentary canal.
The gastrovascular cavity is the area where food is both ingested and expelled. Different structures, such as the mouth and anus, are included in an elementary canal for the purposes of ingesting and expelling food.
The gastrovascular cavity refers to the highly branching digestive tract found in coelenterates and flatworms. The mouth is there, but the anus is lacking, indicating that this digestive system isn't complete. Additionally, chemicals are expelled by the mouth. The majority of coelenterates have tentacles around their mouths to collect prey, and they digest their food in a blind sac or gastrovascular cavity. Diffusion is the method used to exchange nutrients. Higher organisms have an alimentary canal. In annelids, the entire digestive system or alimentary canal has formed. Food should be consumed through the mouth, and waste should be expelled through the anus. The mouth, stomach, pancreas, and intestines are all parts of an animal's digestive tract, including those of humans. Digestive juice is produced by the intestinal glands, liver, pancreas, and other organs.Learn more about the gastrovascular cavity with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/8941108
#SPJ4
how does the nervous system influence the raspatory system
Answer:
Breathing is an automatic and rhythmic act produced by networks of neurons in the hindbrain (the pons and medulla). The neural networks direct muscles that form the walls of the thorax and abdomen and produce pressure gradients that move air into and out of the lungs.
Explanation:
Answer:The neural networks direct muscles that form the walls of the thorax and abdomen and produce pressure gradients that move air into and out of the lungs.
Explanation:
Breathing is an automatic and rhythmic act produced by networks of neurons in the hindbrain (the pons and medulla). The neural networks direct muscles that form the walls of the thorax and abdomen and produce pressure gradients that move air into and out of the lungs.
Briefly describe hershey and chase experiment. how would the results of this experiment be different if protein were the genetic material?
Two biologists, Hershey and Chase, contributed to the understanding of the cellular element that served as the genetic material.
A colony of bacteria-infecting bacteriophages that had been radioactively marked was part of the experimental setup used to find the genetic material. The radioactive form of sulfur was used to indicate the proteinaceous coat of one set of bacteriophages, while radioactive phosphorus molecules were used to mark the DNA's nucleic acid content in the other group. These were permitted to infect two different bacterial strains, and radioactive materials were found. It was found that whereas sulfur was not transported inside the bacteria, radioactive phosphorus particles were. The Hershey and Chase experiment would have revealed the passage of radioactive sulfur within the bodies of infected bacteria if the protein had been the genetic material.Learn more about the Harshey and chase experiment with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/11697877
#SPJ4
is there any reason why you were successful for certain characteristics and not for others
The main reason for which certain phenotypic characteristics traits are useful and not others is that they confer an evolutionary advantage to the individual in a given environment.
What is evolutionary advantage?The expression evolutionary advantage makes reference to certain characteristics that are able to increase the fitness of an organism in a given environment, which are more successful than others in the same environment.
In conclusion, the main reason for which certain phenotypic characteristics traits are useful and not others is that they confer an evolutionary advantage to the individual in a given environment.
Learn more about evolutionary advantages here:
https://brainly.com/question/19261673
#SPJ1
PLS HELP FAST !!!!
What is the MEAN of the following numbers?
12, 32, 72, 38, 75, 38, 10
33.62
39.57
44.51
100.52
Answer:
39.57
Explanation:
Round to the nearest thousandth
The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately 0.0078 as much ¹⁴C as found originally in the atmosphere.
(b) Using your ¹⁴C calibration on the x -axis, what is the approximate age of the Neanderthal fossil in years (round off to the nearest thousand)?
The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately 0.0078 as much ¹⁴C as found originally in the atmosphere.
The researchers cite evidence that modern humans (H. sapiens) became established in the same region as the last Neanderthals approximately 39,000 - 42,000 years ago.
Using your ¹⁴C calibration on the x -axis, 14,110 years is the approximate age of the Neanderthal fossil in years.
What does the name neanderthal mean?
Homo is a Latin word meaning "man" or "man". The word neanderthalensis is based on the place where the first large specimen was discovered in 1856 - Neander Valley in Germany. The German word for the valley is "Tal", although in the 1800s it was spelled "Thal". Homo neanderthalensis therefore means 'Neander Valley Man'.
Some people refer to the species as Neanderthal (without the 'h') to reflect the modern German spelling rather than the original spelling, Neanderthal, used to define the species.
To learn more about Neanderthals, refer to:
brainly.com/question/1182138
#SPJ4
why do you think some chemotherapeutic drugs which kill bacteria have side effects? which ones would have more adverse reaction or side effects?
Chemotherapeutic drugs which kill bacteria have side effects because Cancer cells have a tendency to develop fast, and chemo tablets kill fast-developing cells. But due to the fact those tablets tour for the duration of the body, they are able to have an effect on normal, wholesome cells which are fast-developing, too. Damage to wholesome cells reasons facet effects.
Beta-lactam antibiotics kill micro organism which are surrounded with the aid of using a mobileular wall. Bacteria construct mobileular partitions with the aid of using linking molecules together—beta-lactams block this process. Without aid from a mobileular wall, strain within the mobileular turns into an excessive amount of and the membrane bursts.
Cancer cells have a tendency to develop fast, and chemo tablets kill fast-developing cells. But due to the fact those tablets tour for the duration of the body, they are able to have an effect on normal, wholesome cells which are fast-developing, too. Damage to wholesome cells reasons facet effects.Chemotherapy can reason nausea and vomiting (throwing up). There are medicinal drugs which are given earlier than and after every dose of chemotherapy which could commonly save you nausea and vomiting.
To learn more about Cancer cells here
https://brainly.com/question/14336972
#SPJ4
Which statement best describes the purpose of nucleic acids?
O broken down as a source of energy
a structural component of hair and nails
O forms the structure of your genes
O forms the membrane around all cells
The answer among the given statements is B. Forms the structure of your genes. This statement best describes the purpose of nucleic acids.
Nucleic acids contain data needed to erect and maintain structures. Genetic information is carried by nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are read by cells to create the RNA and proteins that allow living organisms to function. This information may be duplicated and transmitted to the following generation thanks to the DNA double helix, which is a well-known structure. Gene expression, cellular activity regulation, storage and transfer of genetic information are the three primary roles of nucleic acids.
Learn more about nucleic acids
https://brainly.com/question/11309892
#SPJ9
The valve between the left ventricle and the opening of the blood vessel attached to its is?
Three leaflets make up the aortic valve. They open to allow blood to move from the left ventricle of your heart to the aorta. The largest blood vessel in your body is the aorta.
What are aortic valve?Although there is some confusion in their designation, the aortic valve typically has three cusps.
They might be referred to as the non-coronary, left, and right coronary cusps. Additionally, some publications suggest calling them the left, right, and posterior cusps.
The aortic valve is the biggest of the four heart valves. This crucial valve regulates the flow of blood into the aorta, the major artery of the heart, from the left ventricle.
Therefore, aortic valve between the left ventricle and the opening of the blood vessel.
Learn more about aortic valve here:
https://brainly.com/question/14700069
#SPJ4
.
(a) How many dark brown mice were caught in the light-colored soil enclosure on a moonlit night?
About 18 dark brown mice were caught in the light-colored soil enclosure on a moonlit night?
What is mouse models with camouflage coloration?
This model simulates natural selection and adaptation in rock pocket mouse populations found primarily in rock outcrops in the deserts of the southwestern United States and Mexico. This model is based on a lesson plan designed by the [Howard Hughes Medical Institute]
The model simulates changes in coat color in a population of rock pocket mice due to predation. Mice that cannot camouflage have a higher chance of being predatory when predators are present. Users can examine how a population evolves through natural selection under different environmental conditions.
To learn more about mouse models with camouflage coloration, refer to:
brainly.com/question/10913375
#SPJ4
________________________________________ (posterior pituitary hormone) also aids in the stress response by promoting water retention and at high levels it is also a potent.
Vasopressin (posterior pituitary hormone) also aids in the stress response by promoting water retention and at high levels it is also a potent.
Vasopressin is concept to modify blood strain, blood osmolality, and blood amount. The effects of V1a and V2 receptors can be amplified while vasopressin is secreted in excessive quantities, and this situation may be skilled with the resource of patients undergoing a sickness or stress.
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a nonapeptide synthesized within the hypothalamus. technology has identified it to play important roles in the manipulate of the body's osmotic balance, blood stress law, sodium homeostasis, and kidney functioning.
The most crucial action of vasopressin is its antidiuretic movement at the amassing ducts of the kidney. Vasopressin binds to V2 receptors on the mobile floor of tubular cells, starting up an intracellular cascade which results within the technology of the water channel, aquaporin-2.
Learn more Vasopressin here:- https://brainly.com/question/15410230
#SPJ4
during the late 1970s, environmental change caused flux in the sizes and hardnesses of seeds available to finches in the galápagos. given what you know about natural selection, match each period of environmental change to the average beak depth you would expect to find in the finch populations.
This group of species became known as "Darwin's finches". In his observations, Darwin saw that variation and selection produced adaptations not only in the structure of the feet, but also in the shape and size of the beaks. He also noted that seeds were the main diet of ground-dwelling finches.due to the likely scarcity of food, the teeth must have a bigger beak to get food in more difficult places.
Why do finches have different beaks?During his expedition to the islands, Darwin noticed that different types of finches had beaks of different sizes and shapes, adapted to different types of food in the different ecological niches they occupied in the Galapagos Islands.
Whit this information we can conclude that Finches adapted to the environment they lived in and the food they had available a wide, strong beak to break up hard seeds on the ground or a long, thin beak to feed on insects that live in trees.
Learn more about Darwin's finches in brainly.com/question/21287566
#SPJ1
Which statement describes carbons unique bonding ability?
The statement that describes carbon's unique bonding ability is that carbon can easily form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms (option B).
What makes carbon unique?Carbon is a chemical element in group 4 of the periodic table with an atomic number of 6 and has a chemical symbol C.
Carbon has 4 valence electrons, meaning it can share them will four atoms. However, carbon is the only element that can form so many different compounds because each carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms.
This characteristics makes carbon so unique among other atoms of elements.
Therefore, it can be said that the statement that describes carbon's unique bonding ability is that carbon can easily form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.
The options to the incomplete question are as follows:
Carbon can easily form 2 covalent bonds with other atoms.Carbon can easily form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms.Carbon can only bond with other carbon atoms.Carbon can bond with all other atoms.Learn more https carbon's unique abilities at: https://brainly.com/question/28551185
#SPJ1
Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ________ study.
Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting an epidemiological study.
What is an epidemiological study?An epidemiological study is a type of investigation in which the transmissibility features of infections pathogenic agents such as viruses and prevalence of diseases are examined.
In conclusion, scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting an epidemiological study.
Learn more about epidemiological studies here:
https://brainly.com/question/28238114
#SPJ1
The typical multipolar neuron receives input via the _____, processes information in the _____, and sends output via the _____
The typical multipolar neuron receives input via the dendrites processes information in the soma and sends output via the axon.
Axons are tiny, threadlike projections that emerge from the soma. It transmits impulses from the stoma to the other neuron It transports impulses from the stoma to the other neuron.
Dendrites are tiny projections that emerge from the soma. They take an impulse from another neuron's axon and send it to the soma.
Neurons are made up of axons and dendrites. The neurons' long, thin projections are known as axons. The projections of neurons that receive messages from other neurons are known as dendrites. Electrochemical impulses are used as the signaling mechanism.
Through synapse, the axon of the other neuron sends impulses to its dendrites. It is a structure that permits the axon to communicate with the dendrites. It functions by releasing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
To learn more about dendrites refer the link:
https://brainly.com/question/13022334
#SPJ4
Which 2 structures allow for cells to move?
when blood glucose levels rise, the pancreatic islets are stimulated to release insulin, which acts on target cells to uptake glucose from the blood. thus, the islets serve as the in the feedback loop. a. effectors b. integrating center c. sensors d. all of the choices are correct
The pancreatic islets serve as the effector in the feedback loop of uptake glucose from the blood.
What is a feedback loop?A feedback loop refers to a system where a product of the system acts as an input in that system, producing a effect in the system.
The metabolic pathways of the body usually involve a feedback loop, where a product or an an intermediate in the pathway acts on the pathway either to increase its activity or to decrease the activity.
In the uptake of glucose from the blood into the cells, a feedback loop is involved.
When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreatic islets are stimulated to release insulin, which acts on target cells to uptake glucose from the blood. thus, the islets serve as the effector in the feedback loop.
Learn more about pancreatic islets at: https://brainly.com/question/3274128
#SPJ1
A ______ is a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes by sending information along a pathway to a control center.
A receptor is a sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes by sending information along a pathway to a control center.
In the field of biology, a receptor can be described as the part of the body that detects a change in the external environment. Receptors are usually nerve endings present in the sensory organs of the body. For example, when your hand touches something hot, the nerve endings of the skin of your hand detect it.
The sensory receptors, after detecting changes in the external environment, send signals to the control center of the body. The control center is the central nervous system of which the brain and spinal cord are a part.
The control center interprets this information and sends a response through the effector motor neurons.
To learn more about receptors, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/25753221
#SPJ4
Organisms that thrive in extremely cold climates often produce proteins that act as "antifreeze. " given that all proteins bind to other molecules, how might such antifreeze proteins work?.
Given that all protein bind to certain other molecules, these antifreeze proteins attach to tiny ice crystals via their sheets to stop them from growing. The cell can avoid rupturing if ice crystal formation and expansion are prevented.
What is an antifreeze proteins?Different organisms produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which are particular proteins, glycopeptides, and peptides that enable cells to endure subzero temperatures. AFPs work by lowering the freezing point of water and preventing the formation of ice crystals during the frozen stage.
Where are proteins for antifreeze produced?Insects produce the most potent antifreeze proteins, which reduce the freezing point by roughly 6 degrees. Even antifreeze proteins from plants and microorganisms, which have less of an impact on freezing point, are helpful in another context.
To know more about Antifreeze proteins visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14818979
#SPJ4
Lichens are important primary producers in the tundra and can comprise more than half the diet of caribou in winter. Why might you predict that lichens would be more abundant in tundra ecosystems than in most other ecosystems around the world? (See Concept 31.5.)
Lichens are the number one wintry weather forage for massive herds of migratory caribou. Caribou select for lichens extra than they're to be had across the panorama and that they usually avoid, for the duration of wintry weather, a habitat that has been burned with the aid of wildfires for decades whilst lichen abundance recovers.
Lichens are vital number one manufacturers in the tundra and may contain extra than half the weight loss program of caribou in winter. Lichens are ecologically essential as food, safe haven, and nesting cloth for wildlife; and play vital roles in hydrological and mineral cycles, drastically nitrogen fixation.
Lichens play a critical position in Arctic ecosystems by assisting to cycle nutrients and shaping plant communities further to provide food to subsistence hunters. Many caribou herds are in decline across the Arctic.
Learn more about Lichens here:-https://brainly.com/question/13540765
#SPJ4
Prokaryotic mrna may code for more than one protein and are called polycistronic whereas eukaryotic mrna are ________________.
Prokaryotic mRNA may code for more than one protein and are called polycistronic whereas eukaryotic mRNA are monocistronic.
Proteins are made when information from the DNA is transferred to mRNA which in turn makes the proteins.
In the case of prokaryotes, a single mRNA protein can code for multiple proteins. Such a phenomenon in which a single mRNA transcript codes for multiple proteins is referred to as polycistronic.
In the case of eukaryotes, a single mRNA transcript codes for only one protein. Such a in which a single mRNA transcript is involved in the formation of a single protein is referred to as monocistronic. It is due to the formation of monocistronic mRNA that different cells in eukaryotes have the ability to express different genes.
To learn more about monocistronic, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/14457290
#SPJ4
why are the fossil records not complete
Answer:
the conditions required to create fossils have been rare ever since life began on Earth
Explanation:
Describe the basic pathway of information flow through neurons that causes you to turn your head when someone calls your name.
Neuromuscular system is involved in the flow of information to the brain. Combination of nervous system and muscles together is known as Neuromuscular system.
What is Neuromuscular System?The neuromuscular system includes all the nerves and muscles of the body. This system maintains body posture and control of movements. The synaptic connection between brain and is required for the movement of muscles. This system includes all the voluntary movements.
Motor pathways are involved in the conduction of messages from the brain to muscles which causes muscle contraction. Sensory pathways detect light and sound and carry information to the brain.
A chemical synapse acts as a signal causes muscle contraction. Acetylcholine is a major chemical synapse involved in the conduction of nerve impulses to muscle fibers.
Motor pathways and Sensory pathways together responsible for the voluntary movements.
Learn more about Neuromuscular System here:
https://brainly.com/question/15455831
#SPJ4
Do the data support the idea that plants can communicate their drought-stressed condition to their neighbors? If so, do the data indicate that the communication is via the shoot system or the root system? Make specific reference to the data in answering both questions.
Answer: Yes. Also if you want a better answer ask some one else.
Plant cells do not contain contractile vacuoles, and watering plants causes their cytoplasm to become more dilute. what happens when a plant is watered?
Watering plants causes their cytoplasm to become more dilute, the cell swells and the plant becomes turgid.
What are the mechanism by which plants store excess water?When plants are placed in water, the plants cell absorb water into them selves through the process of osmosis.
The cell membrane of plants cells are able to allow water to pass through as they are semipermeable.
However, unlike some unicellular aquatic organisms which have contractile vacuoles which they use to expel excess water, plants cells lack contractile vacuoles.
Plants cells do have vacuole which store that excess water making the cell to swell and the plant becomes turgid as absorbed water pushes against the cell wall.
Learn more about plant vacuoles at: https://brainly.com/question/454390
#SPJ1
structure of az-dna with two different backbone chain conformations. stabiliza-tion of the decadeoxyoligonucleotide d(cgtacgtacg) by [co-(nh3)6]3 binding to the guanine.
The space group P65 and unit cell constants a = b = 17.93A and c = 43.41A are used to describe the crystallization of the complex between cobalt hexammine and decadeoxyoligomer d(CGTACGTACG).
The helical axis of the molecules is parallel to the crystal c-axis. The decamers form a nearly continuous helix when they stack on top of one another. The architecture is disorganized. A dimer (pPyr-pPur)2 with each base pair being a C-G 60% of the time and a T-A 40% of the time is the asymmetric unit. An R-factor of 25.5% was obtained for 506 observed reflections above the two-sigma threshold using restrained least-squares refining. One strand of the structure was discovered to be in the ZI-conformation, while the other was in the ZII-conformation. Two symmetrically connected ZII-chains of molecules are bound by the cobalt hexammine.An "external" binding mode is created on one ZII chain when two ammonia molecules of the cobalt hexammine bind to the N7 nitrogen and 06 oxygen atoms of the guanine bases while a third ammonia molecule binds to the phosphate anionic oxygen atom of the preceding pyrimidine base. One cobalt hexammine ammonia molecule attaches exclusively to the anionic oxygens of the phosphate group of the guanine bases on the opposite ZII chain, resulting in a "internal" binding mode. Therefore, [Co(NH3)6]3 ability +'s to bind to exclusively guanine nucleotides is the basis for its ability to stabilize Z-DNA.It is hypothesized that the length of the oligomer affects the statistical disordering of deoxyoligonucleotide complexes that adopt a Z shape. In other words, tetramers and hexamers produce well-ordered structures but octamers and decamers, which are unable to use an integral number of molecules for a 12 base pair repeat, do not.To learn more about chain backbone visit:
https://brainly.com/question/26371389
#SPJ4
. How is a train comparable to a macromolecule?
The monomers that make up a macromolecule are akin to the coaches that make up a train.
What is a macromolecule?A macromolecule is a molecule that is composed of so many building blocks. The building blocks of the molecule is called the monomers. The monomers come together and yield the macromolecule.
A train is composed of several compartments or coaches. Each of then fits intricately together to give the long train as we see it.
It then follows that monomers that make up a macromolecule are akin to the coaches that make up a train. They have to fit together in order for the large molecule as we know it to exist.
Learn more about macromolecule:https://brainly.com/question/13277913
#SPJ1
Using the nerve signals to the hamstring and quadriceps in this reflex as an example, propose a model for regulation of smooth muscle activity in the esophagus during the swallowing reflex (see Figure 41.10).
As you swallow, the esophageal muscles simultaneously contract and relax, creating peristalsis. One explanation for this alternation is that each portion of muscle gets nerve signals that alternate between excitement and inhibition.
What is peristalsis?Food is moved through the digestive system by a sequence of wave-like muscular contractions called peristalsis. The process starts in the esophagus, where powerful waves of smooth muscle transport balls of ingested food to the stomach. The meal is then broken down into a liquid substance called chyme there, where peristalsis proceeds.
It may be simpler to notice the wave-like action if you stretch out a segment of the intestine. The chyme is mixed and shifted back and forth by the action. As a result, nutrients can be absorbed by the bloodstream through the small intestine's walls.
Peristalsis in the large intestine aids in the absorption of water from the indigestible fiber into the bloodstream. The leftover waste is then expelled through the rectum and anus.
Therefore, peristalsis helps in swallowing in the esophageal muscles.
Read more about peristalsis, here
https://brainly.com/question/15265456
#SPJ4
Explain why a proton pump inhibitor, such as the drug Prilosec, relieves the symptoms of acid reflux.
The most frequently recommended family of drugs for the treatment of acid-related illnesses like heartburn and indigestion is called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). They function by obstructing the parietal cell of the stomach's acid producing site.
What is proton pump inhibitor?Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are medications that reduce the amount of stomach acid produced by glands in the stomach lining.
Proton pump inhibitors have the following uses:
reduce the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease or acid reflux (GERD). Due to this condition, food or liquids can pass from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach).Treat a duodenal or gastric ulcer.Take steps to repair lower esophageal damage caused by acid reflux.Learn more about the proton pump inhibitor with the help of the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/28273015
#SPJ4