A plot of 1/[a] versus time produces a straight line with a positive slope for the reaction a → b+ c. The reaction is a second order reaction.
What is order of a reaction?
The strength of the rate's dependency on the reactant concentration determines the reaction's order. As a result, the rate of a first-order reaction will undoubtedly depend on the concentration of a single species, a second-order reaction will undoubtedly depend on the concentration of two species, and so on.
rate = k{[A]^x + [B]^y}
Thus, for the given reaction, order is 2, that is a plot of 1/[a] vs time producing a straight line with positive slope shows second order kinetics.
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rank the carbonyl‑containing compounds in order of reactivity towards nucleophilic attack. you are currently in a ranking module. turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to move, space or enter to pick up, tab to move items between bins, arrow keys to change the order of items, space or enter to drop. most reactive least reactive answer bank
From more reactive to least reactive carbonyl‑containing compounds :
3-methylpentanoyl chloride >benzoic anhydride >
butyl acetate> propionamide
The carbonyl carbon should be more electron deficient to increase its reactivity for nucleophilic addition. The presence of R or Ar groups reduces this electron shortage. Less reactivity occurs when more of these groups are present.
The capacity of the electronegative leaving group to activate the carbonyl is connected to the relative reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives toward nucleophile replacements. The carbonyl loses electron density as a result of the additional electronegative leaving groups, which also increases the carbonyl's electrophilicity.
The reactivity order of carbonyl compounds from more reactive to least reactive :
acyl halide, acid anhydride, aldehyde, ketone, ester, carboxylic acid, amide, carboxylate ion
Benzoyl chloride, acetaldehyde, butyl acetate, and acetic anhydride are more reactive than acid chlorides and anhydrides. Ketones and aldehydes have lower reactivity.
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Which is an example of potential energy?
A
Water behind a dam
B
A dart stuck in a dartboard
C
Plants using photosynthesis
D
A cow chewing grass
The example of Potential energy is the water behind a dam.
Due to its higher elevation than the water on the other side of a hydroelectric dam , the water behind one stores gravitational potential energy. This potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy when the water falls, turning turbines to produce electricity.
The water held behind the dam has Potential Energy because of its position water in the reservoir is on height and when something is on a certain height the Potential Energy P.E. increases.
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At what temperature will water change from a liquid to a solid (freeze)?
Answer:
Water changes from liquid to a solid at 32 degrees Fahrenheit
Answer:
32°F
Explanation:
consider the aldol condensation between dibenzyl ketone and benzil in strong base. a reaction was performed in which 0.28 g of dibenzyl ketone was reacted with 0.28 g of benzil to make 0.34 g of 2,3,4,5‑tetraphenylpentadienone. calculate the theoretical yield and percent yield for this reaction.
In organic chemistry, an aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in which an enol or enolate ion combines with a carbonyl chemical to produce a -hydroxyaldehyde or -hydroxyketone, which is then dehydrated to produce a conjugated enone.
Aldol condensations are significant in the synthesis of organic compounds because they offer a reliable method for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Aldol condensation, for instance, occurs during the Robinson annulation reaction sequence, and the Wieland-Miescher ketone product is a crucial building block in numerous chemical syntheses. Aldol condensations are frequently studied as a useful bond-forming reaction that exemplifies significant reaction mechanisms in university-level organic chemistry coursework. in the standard form.
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Aluminum is a lightweight metal (density 2.70 g/cm3) used in aircraft construction, high-voltage transmission lines, and foils. what is its density in kg/m3?
The density of high voltage transmission lines, and foils = 2700 kg/m³
Converting :2.70 g/cm³ to kg/m³,
we use what's called "dimensional analysis" . But, really, it's just multiplying 2.70 g/ cm³ with converters.
Since we would like to convert g/cm³ to kg/m³, let's first recall that 1 kg = 1000 g, and 100 cm = 1 m .
Then, we just multiply:
[tex]\frac{2.70g}{cm^{3} }[/tex]× [tex]\frac{1 kg}{1000g}[/tex]×[tex]\frac{100cm}{m}[/tex]³
This works since 1kg/1000g is simply 1, same with 100cm/m. Also, note that the cm/m converter is cubed, since the first is cm³.
Then, (2.70) x (100)³ / (1000) = 2,700 kg/m³
Definition of dimensional analysis:
a way of analysis in which physical quantities are expressed in terms of their fundamental dimensions that is often used when there is not enough information to set up precise equations
What is dimensional analysis used for?dimensional analysis, technique utilized in the physical sciences and engineering to reduce physical properties, like acceleration, viscosity, energy, et al. , to their fundamental dimensions of length (L), mass (M), and time (T).
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write the symbol for every chemical element that has atomic number greater than 70 and atomic mass less than 179.5 u
The elements and there symbols are as follows: Oxygen ⇒ O fluorine ⇒ F Neon ⇒ Ne Sodium ⇒ Na.
What is Oxygen ?When a hydrogen atom loses or receives an electron, a hydrogen ion is produced. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can combine with other particles easily, therefore it is only observed alone when it is in a gaseous condition or a place that is almost particle-free.
The bare hydrogen ion cannot live freely in solution due to its extremely high charge density, which is approximately 21010 times that of a sodium ion. Instead, it rapidly hydrates, or binds, with other molecules. The IUPAC recommends using the phrase "hydrogen ion" to refer to all hydrogen ions and its isotopes. Positively charged ions and negatively charged ions can be divided into two classes based on the ion's charge.
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Identify a base that can be used to deprotonate propane (ch3ch2ch3) efficiently.
Identify a base that can be used to deprotonate propane (CH3CH2CH3) efficiently. А "NH2 B None of the given bases are suitable.
What is deprotonate propane?Deprotonation (or dehydronation) is the removal (transfer) of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H+), from a Brnsted-Lowry acid in an acid-base reaction. The species created is the conjugate base of that acid. Protonation is the complimentary procedure that occurs when a proton is added (transferred) to a Brnsted-Lowry base (or hydronation). The conjugate acid of that base is the species that results.
Amphiprotic refers to a species that has the ability to either take or contribute a proton. The H2O (water) molecule serves as an illustration. It has the ability to either gain a proton and produce the hydronium ion, H3O+, or lose a proton and form the hydroxide ion, OH.
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compare the three characteristics of the states of matter ( solid , liquid and gas)
you answer and i will mark u as brainliest
Explanation:
btw this is secondary school science level :
solid:
•solids have a definite shape and volume.
• they cannot be compressed
•high density
•particles vibrate in a fixed position
•high melting point
Liquid:
•no fixed shape
•partcles are free to move over eachother but are still attracted to one another
•almost incompressible
•have fixed volume but no fixed shape
•denser tagt solids
•there is space between particles
Gas:
•easy to compress
•expand to fill their containers
•particles are free to move around
•Do not have a fixed volume or shape
•gasses can diffuse- their particles move from an are of high concentration to low concentration
•low density
these are just some things of the top of my head. hope it helps
which of the following statements are true about the properties of both molecular and ionic compounds? select all that apply.
They are neutrally charged
They typically do not conduct electricity in solid state
What are ionic compounds?A chemical compound known as an ionic compound in chemistry is one that contains ions bound together by the electrostatic forces known as ionic bonding. Despite having both positively and negatively charged ions, or cations and anions, the molecule is generally neutral.
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annie learns that the compound sulfuric acid is called the universal chemical. the acid is used in everything from gasoline to paper. annie uses beads in three different colors to model sulfuric acid. based on the model, what is the chemical formula of sulfuric acid?
The compound Annie learns about that is sulfuric acid which is the universal solvent has a chemical formula of H2SO4.
What is the chemical formula of a compound?
The chemical formula of a substance serves as a representation of that substance's chemical make-up. The elements that make up a compound's molecules and the ratio in which their atoms combine to produce those molecules are described in a chemical formula.
The compositions of chemical compounds can be stated in a variety of ways, even though the phrase "chemical formula" is typically used to refer to the molecular formula of a compound, which represents the total number of atoms of each constituent element in one molecule of the compound.
Thus, the compound Annie learns about that is sulfuric acid which is the universal solvent has a chemical formula of H2SO4.
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explain 2 ways how there can be forces acting on an object yet the object remains at rest
A solution containing a mixture of lactic acid and lactate was found to have a ph of 4.10.4.10. calculate the ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactic acid concentration in this solution.
The ratio is 1:4
pH of a solution is a measure of the hydrogen/hydronium ions present in it
pH = -log [ H+]
pH of lactic acid given is 4.10
∴ concentration of H+ ions in the solution is :
[H+] = 0.79 x 10^-5 mol
the Ka of lactic acid is 1.37 x 10^-4
lactic acid dissociates to form lactate ion and oxonium ion.
[lactate] = [ H+] = 0.79 x 10^-5 mol
[tex]Ka = \frac{[lactate][H+]}{[lactic acid]}[/tex]
[tex]1.37 x 10^-4 = \frac{(0.79 x 10^-5)^{2} }{Lactic acid}[/tex]
[lactic acid] = 2.195 x 10^-6 mol
[tex]\frac{[Lactate]}{[Lactic Acid]}[/tex] = 1 : 4 (approx)
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Read the following information. Which statement describes the homes of the Southwest and Pacific Northwest Native American culture regions best? (3 points)
a Venn diagram comparing the Southwest and Pacific Northwest cultural regions. The Southwest says that they lived in a hot, dry area; they lived in multi-floor buildings made of clay, or in cone-shaped buildings; they wore clothing made of cotton or hides; they grew crops; the were known for weaving blankets, making dolls, and making pottery. The Both sections says they both hunted for meat; they both traded with other tribes; and many people lived together in one home in both cultural regions. The Pacific Northwest says they lived near the coast with lots of forests and rivers; they lived in long, rectangular wooden homes; they wore clothing made of fur or bark; they ate a lot of fish; they traveled in canoes; and they are known for carving totem poles and weaving baskets.
Group of answer choices
Homes in the Southwest and Pacific Northwest had many floors to fit many people.
Homes in the Pacific Northwest and Southwest were made from clay.
Homes in the Pacific Northwest and Southwest were made from wood.
Homes in the Southwest and Pacific Northwest were made from different materials.
Answer:
Homes in the Pacific Northwest and Southwest were made from wood
Explanation:
Carving wood was an essential cultural characteristic in the Southwest and Pacific NorthWest
Calculate the frequency of a wave with a wavelength is 6.0 x 10-7 m.
The frequency of a wave with a wavelength of 6.0 x 10-⁷m is 5.0 × 10¹⁴Hz.
How to calculate frequency?The frequency of a wave can be calculated by dividing the wavelength by its wavelength as follows:
f = v/λ
Where;
f = frequencyv = speed of light (3 × 10⁸m/s)λ = wavelengthAccording to this question, a wave has a wavelength of 6.0 x 10-⁷m. The frequency can be calculated as follows:
f = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ 6.0 × 10-⁷
f = 5.0 × 10¹⁴Hz
Therefore, the frequency of a wave with a wavelength of 6.0 x 10-⁷m is 5.0 × 10¹⁴Hz.
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Complete the flowchart about the scientific method.
1.observation
2.hypothesis
3.Experiment
4 solution
5 theory
The independent variable
The dependent variable
What molecular features are required for soap to properly dissolve grease and oil?
The soap molecule has two distinct ends, one that is hydrophilic (polar head) that ties with water, and the other that is hydrophobic (non-polar hydrocarbon tail) that secures with grease and oil.
Is the hydrophobic tail polar or non-polar?Per lipid, a molecule includes two parts; a head and a tail. The head is polar and hydrophilic ( Water loving) and the rears are non-polar and hydrophobic( Water hating).
Are hydrocarbon rears hydrophobic?The most productive membrane lipids are the phospholipids. These have an opposing head group and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. The tails are fatty acids, and they can vary in size (they normally contain between 14 and 24 carbon atoms).
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Using the information below, find how many minutes are in 0.56 yrs.
1 day = 24 hrs
1 yr = 365 days
1 hr = 60 min
There are 294,336 minutes are in 0.56 yrs.
Minutes are a reputable recording of the court cases of a Board meeting Annual fashionable meeting or another meeting and the enterprise transacted on the meeting.
1 yr = 365 days
0.56 = 365 × 0.56
= 204.4 days.
1 day = 24 hrs
204.4 days = 204.4 × 24
= 4905.6 hours
1 hr = 60 min
4905.6 hours = 4905.6 × 60
= 294,336 minutes.
All agencies registered in India are required to maintain mins of all Board and Committee conferences in a minutes e-book. minutes may be created during the meeting with the aid of a typist or courtroom reporter, who might also use shorthand notation and then prepare the minutes and problem them to the contributors afterward.
Minutes are a tangible report of the meeting for its contributors and a source of facts for members who had been not able to wait. In a few cases, assembly mins can act as a reference point, as the instance when a meeting's outcomes affect different collaborative activities or initiatives inside the corporation
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Convert 150 mg to grams
Answer: 0.15 grams
Explanation:
Answer: 0.15 grams
Explanation:
to convert milligrams to grams the mass value is divided by 1000, because there are 1000 mg in one g.
if 34.4 grams of pentane (c5h12) are burned in excess oxygen, how many grams of h2o will be produced?
If 34.4 grams of pentane ( C₅H₁₂) is burned in excess oxygen, 51.6 grams of H₂O will be produced.
The following reaction occurs when pentane is burned in the presence of excess oxygen,
C₅H₁₂ + 8O₂ = 5CO₂ + 6H₂O
We can observe from the above reaction that,
1 mole of C₅H₁₂ produces 6 moles of H₂O.
Hence,
72 g of C₅H₁₂ produces 108 g of H₂O
1 g of C₅H₁₂ produces 108/72 g of H₂O
34.4 g of C₅H₁₂ produces 108/72 x 34.4 g = 51.6 g of H₂O.
Therefore, if 34.4 grams of pentane ( C₅H₁₂) is burned in excess oxygen, 51.6 grams of H₂O will be produced.
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Which bonding type has circular symmetry with respect to the bond axis?
a) sigma bond
b) pi bond
c) delta bond
d) covalent bond
e) ionic bond
Sigma Bond has circular symmetry with respect to the bond axis
Sigma bonds are formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbitals. These are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond. Pi bond are formed by the lateral overlap of two atomic orbitals. Delta bond is formed by the overlap of four lobes of one involved atomic orbital with four lobes of the other involved atomic orbital.
Covalent Bond is formed by equal sharing of electrons between two atoms. Ionic Bond is formed by the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms.
Sigma bonds are symmetric with respect to the inter-nuclear axis. They also have circular symmetry with respect to the bond axis.
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Consider the structure of vitamin a1 c.o't''e~'ll (c2oh3oo). vitamin a1 should be:________
Consider the structure of vitamin a1 c.o't''e~'ll (c2oh3oo). vitamin a1 should be less soluble in water than in oil.
What is structure of vitamin?
Vitamins perform a variety of biological processes. The proliferation and differentiation of cells and tissues is regulated by vitamin A. Vitamin D performs a hormone-like function by controlling how quickly bones and other organs use minerals. The B complex vitamins serve as cofactors (coenzymes) for enzymes or as their precursors.
Therefore,
Consider the structure of vitamin a1 c.o't''e~'ll (c2oh3oo). vitamin a1 should be less soluble in water than in oil.
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Hydrazine, N2H4 , has been used as a rocket fuel because its reaction with oxygen is extremely exothermic:
N2H4(l) + O2(g) -> N2(g) + 2H2O(g) H=-534.0kJ
The enthalpy change for the vaporization of water is given by:
H2O(l) -> H2O(g) H= 40.7kJ
Calculate the enthalpy change that would result if the water were produced in liquid rather than the gaseous form.
N2H4(l) + O2(g) -> N2(g) + 2H2O(l) H=?
Answer:
127
Explanation:
534-107
= 127
It's soo simple you just have to subtract valuew
An extra-strength aspirin contains 0.500 g of aspirin. how many grains is this? (1grain=64.8mg)
By unit conversion, the aspirin contains 7.72 grains.
We need to know about unit conversion to solve this problem. The unit conversion can be used to convert a unit to another unit. It can be defined as
a = xb
where a is unit a, b is unit b and x is the constant of conversion.
From the question above, we know that
m = 0.5 gram
unit conversion
(1 grain = 64.8 mg)
Convert the unit conversion to 1 mg
1 grain = 64.8 mg
1/64.8 grain = 64.8/64.8 mg
1 mg = 1/64.8 grain
Convert the aspirin mass to grain
m = 0.500 g
m = 0.5 x 10³ mg
m = 0.5 x 10³ x 1/64.8 grain
m = 7.72 grain
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The table shows the substances used during a science experiment. Which substances are elements?HELP ME PLS!
Answer:What are 10 elements examples?
Examples
H - Hydrogen.
He - Helium.
Li - Lithium.
Be - Beryllium.
B - Boron.
C - Carbon.
N - Nitrogen.
O - Oxygen.
Explanation:
Find the radius of a cylindrical can (with a lid) to contain 2197 cm3 of water, using the minimum amount of metal. (use symbolic notation and fractions where needed.)
The radius of the cylindrical can is [tex]\sqrt{699.682/h}[/tex]
A cylinder's radius is equal to the distance from the cylinder's center to its edge, which are located at its top and bottom.
A three-dimensional object known as a cylinder is a hollow rod with rounded ends. This circular base's diameter can change, and the radius is equal to half of that value.
A cylinder's radius (r) is equal to [tex]\sqrt{V/\pi h}[/tex], where V denotes the cylinder's volume, h its height, and π (Pi) is a mathematical constant having a value of around 3.14.
Given:
Volume = 2197[tex]cm^3[/tex]
Formula:
Volume, V = π x radius, [tex]r^2[/tex] x height, h
Calculations:
[tex]r^2[/tex] = 2197 / 3.14 x h
[tex]r^2[/tex] = 699.682 / h
Radius, r = [tex]\sqrt{699.682/h}[/tex]
Result:
[tex]\sqrt{699.682/h}[/tex] is found to be the radius of the cylindrical can.
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One of the two amino acids that has a side chain including the modified carboxyl group, carboxamide, is _______________.
One of the two amino acids that has a side chain including the modified carboxyl group, carboxamide, is Asparagine.
Non-essential amino acid aspartic acid (Asp/D) has a carboxyl group in its Rgroup. Oxaloacetate is transaminase to easily create it. At physiological pH, the side chain of aspartic acid has a pKa of 3.9 and is negatively charged.
The side chain of the amino acid cysteine is chemically reactive and capable of forming bonds with other cysteines.
At this location, known as the side chain, each amino acid is joined to a different chemical group. Each amino acid differs from the others due to its side chain, which also gives it a distinctive set of chemical properties. The side chain is frequently referred to as a R group and is represented by the letter R.
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using this indicator, we will attempt to determine the concentration of various acids depending on the amount of protons available for donation. using a single acceptor base (naoh), we will titrate the acid to the point where it turns pink, representing an equal mixture of acid and base.
Using phenolphthalein indicator, we will attempt to determine the concentration of various acids depending on the amount of protons available for donation. using a single acceptor base (naoh), we will titrate the acid to the point where it turns pink, representing an equal mixture of acid and base
An Phenolphthalein indicator is a ‘dye’ that shows a change in colour when in contact with acids and bases. This tells us whether the substance we are testing is an acid or base with respect to the change of colour. Phenolphthalein indicator when comes in contact with acid and base they give intense pink colour.
Phenolphthalein Colour in acid (pH < 7) give Colourless and Colour at pH = 7 also give Colourless, Colour in base(pH > 7) gives Pink colour that's why using Phenolphthalein indicator we will attempt to determine the concentration of various acids depending on the amount of protons available for donation. using a single acceptor base (naoh), we will titrate the acid to the point where it turns pink, representing an equal mixture of acid and base.
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The lowest portion of the gi tract, where water and electrolytes are absorbed and waste is eliminated, is the __________.
The lowest portion of the GI tract, where water and electrolytes are absorbed and waste removed , is the Large Intestine
What are gastrointestinal diseases?
Gastrointestinal diseases affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from the mouth to the anus. They are of two types basically : functional and structural. Some examples include nausea/vomiting, gastrointestinal disorder , lactase deficiency and diarrhea.
What is the GI tract responsible for?
The gastrointestinal system is consist of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or the alimentary tract , salivary glands, the liver, and therefore the exocrine pancreas. The main functions of the alimentary canal are to digest and absorb ingested nutrients, and to excrete waste materials of digestion.
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at the molecular level: a. create a question a researcher would ask at this level b. give an example of an experiment that could be done to answer questions at this level
In following way we can create the question:
How does dissolving a salt molecule in the water make its atoms ionize?
Dissolving a salt molecule in the water does not make its atoms ionize. The atoms in the solid salts are already ionized long before touching the water.
Electrons in an atom can only take on the specific wave states, and only one electron can occupy one wave state at a time. As a result, electrons in an atom take different states, starting from lowest energy state and going upwards in energy until the electrons have all found distinct states. For various reasons that are not worth mentioning here, electron states in the atoms tend to form various groups, with the states in the same group having very similar energies and states. Chemists call these groups of electron states "shells", even though they have nothing to do with the literal shells.
What is an electron?The electron is a subatomic particle (denoted by symbol e− or β−) whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. Electrons belong to first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron's mass is approximately 1836 times smaller than that of proton. Quantum mechanical properties of electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value, expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant, ħ. Being fermions, no two electrons can occupy same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle.
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calculate the cross sectional area occupied by the nucleus as a fraction of that occupied by the atom. assume that the gold nuclei in each layer are offset from each other
For cross sectional area the area occupied by nucleus is 29.01 * 3.16227766e-7.
Cross sectional area is simply πr^2 to be scattered. Let us define this as two at a large angle.
Now define this as the substance noticeable to the nucleus. So if it's two atoms wide, then we required to take hold of the ratio of the cross sectional areas and then multiply it by two. As because of two layers we are hitting the nucleus twice. So now the diameter is divided by two.
Now ,
Particles to be scattered πr^2 / πr^2 = fraction
Radius and mass of nucleus = 3.04 * 10^-15 m, 3.04 * 10^ -23 g
r (nucleus) = 3.04*10^-15 m * 100 cm /1m
= 3.04 * 10^-13 cm
Area = πr^2
= 3.14* 3.04* 3.04* 3.16227766e-7
= 29.01 * 3.16227766e-7
In Rutherford's experiment for a two atom wide layer being scattered.
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