how to tell how many valence electrons an atom has?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:  Count only the electrons in the highest shell s and p orbitals when determining valence.

Explanation:  I'm glad you asked this question.  It is often not well explained.   The term valence electrons is assigned to only the electrons in an element's highest energy level.  These reside only in the s and p orbitals, and not the d or f, as I'll explain later.  The s orbital can hold 2 electrons and the p can hold 6.  Potassium, K, has an s orbital in its highest energy shell, 4.  It contains only 1 electron, so it has a valency of 1.  

Calcium, Ca, has 2 in its highest energy level: 4s^2, so it has a valency of 2.   Moving to the right, the element scandium, Sc, add another electron, but it goes into the 3d orbital.  3d is in the 3rd energy shell, so it is not counted as a valence electron.  Only after we move further right, to gallium, Ga, do we start adding electrons to the 4th energy level again - the 4p orbitals can accept up to 6 electrons.  Ga has 3 valence electrons - 2 in the 4s and 1 in the 4p.  Oxygen has 2 in the 2s and 4 in the 4p orbitals, for a total of 6.  It is close to having a comple outer shell (2 in the 2s and 6 in the 2p).  Just 2 more electrons would fill both the 2s and 2p orbitals for a total of 8 valence electrons, a stable configuration (the same configuration as thje stable gas Neon).


Related Questions

Pls helpppp me if you cannn

Answers

Answer:

Solution A : calcium hydroxide

Solid B : calcium oxide

Gas C : Hydrogen gas

Explanation:

i) When metals react with water they form hydroxides thus calcium hydroxide

ii) When metals eact with oxygen they form oxides.

iii) Wehn metals react with hydrochloric acid they form a salt and a gas hydrogen.

HOPE THIS HELPED

When a substance is soluble it:

A. can dissolve any amount into the liquid.
B. can dissolve only a specific amount into the liquid, determined by its solubility.
C. can dissolve only a specific amount into the liquid, determined by the liquid's solvent point.
D. can dissolve any amount into the liquid, as long as the liquid is being heated. ​

Answers

The answer is a I just got it right on a test

When a substance is soluble it can dissolve only a specific amount into the liquid, determined by its solubility. Hence, option B is correct.

What is the solute?

A solute is something being dissolved, a solvent is a thing dissolving the item, and the solution is the mixture of the two items.

Solubility is a term used to describe how readily a substance can be dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. Thus, a substance is said to be soluble if it dissolves completely in a solvent and insoluble if it doesn't dissolve or only dissolves partially.

Hence, when a substance is soluble it can dissolve only a specific amount into the liquid, determined by its solubility.

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The density of a liquid is 6.0g/cm3 , when it fills a container of volume 300cubic centimeters . What is the mass of the liquid in the container?

Answers

Answer:

1800g

Explanation:

b/c d=m/v

m=dv

m=300×6=1800g

The mass of the liquid in the container is equal to 1800 g.

What is the density?

The density of an object can be described as the mass per unit volume of the object. The average density of any substance equals the total mass of the substance divided by its total volume.

The mathematical formula of the density can be expressed as follows:

The density of material = Mass/Volume

Mass = density × Volume

The S.I. unit of the density of any substance is Kg/m³ and it is an intrinsic property. If the size of the substance increases, the mass increases as well but the density of the substance will stay constant.

Give, the density of the liquid, d = 6.0 g/cm³

The volume of the container, V = 300 cm³

The mass of the liquid = 6 ×300 = 1800 g

Therefore, the mass of the liquid is equal to 1800 g.

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It won’t let me submit my file, how do I do it???
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Answer:

ok i will do the instructions

Explanation:

Answer:

Make sure that its an accepted file. If not try to refresh the page.

Why can liquid metal be poured into a block-shaped mold?
Describe what happens to the shape and volume of the liquid
metal.

Answers

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

because

Tổng số hạt mang điện trong ion AB4 3- là 50. Số hạt mang điện trong nguyên tử A nhiều hơn số hạt mang điện trong hạt nhân nguyên tử B là 22.Cấu hình e lớp ngoài cùng của A là gì?

Answers

Yes please please yes yes

10/4/2021
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
of an atom
a) atomic mass unit
b) mass number
c) atomic number
d) atomic mass

Answers

Answer:

atomic number

Explanation:

does the tempurture of the vinegar affect the volcano flow

Answers

The temperature of vinegar does increase the rate of reaction according to the collision theory.

Hope this answers your question!


Someone pls help me I will make you brain

Answers

Greenhouse gases such as N2O, CO2 and CH4 absorb heat. However, CH4 absorbs more heat than CO2 hence its emission must be controlled.

Green house gases are gases that when released into the atmosphere, can absorb infrared radiation and prevent it from escaping into outer space. This causes the temperature of the earth to increase steadily. Lately, the concentration of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased owing to anthropogenic activities such as burning of fossil fuels.

Green house gases include; N2O, CO2, CH4 etc. However, CH4 is capable of absorbing even greater heat than CO2. This makes it even more imperative to control the emission of methane gas.

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Convert SI units .68mm. =km

Answers

The answer would be 72892

Convert 68 Millimeters to Kilometers (mm to km) with our conversion calculator and conversion tables. To convert 68 mm to km use direct conversion formula below.

68 mm = 6.8E-5 km.

You also can convert 68 Millimeters to other Length (popular) units.

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please answer this question correctly​

Answers

A) outer core

B)diamond

C)respiratory disease

D)summer

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Give reason:
Why Phosphorous is stored under water.​

Answers

Answer:

Phosphorus ( white) us highly reactive and ignites at about 30°C when exposed to moist air

If an atom has 4 protons and 2 electrons its charge will be:

Answers

Answer:

It's charge will be positive

Explanation:

4>2

5.
The weight of an object is the force of attraction between the object
and the Earth
TRUE
FALSE

Answers

Answer: True

Explanation:

If you’ve seen a baseball game, you’ve probably also experienced the sight of a ball going up and up, until you begin to wonder when it’s going to come down! Yet every time, the ball does fall back to earth. Why? Gravity is an attractive force that exerts a pull between two objects, such as a baseball and the earth.

The more massive star will always be closer to the center of gravity in a binary start. True or false?

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Hope it helped!

the answer is true.

Why is newton's first law of motion considered a law and not a theory?It is an unsupported idea.It is based on multiple observations.It has never been tested.It was validated by a singular experiment.

Answers

Answer: B. It is based on multiple observations.

Explanation:

Newton's first law of motion is considered  a law  and not a theory because it is based on multiple observations.

What is an observation?

Observations are defined as a set of statements or facts which are recorded while conducting an experiment.Observations are made through sensing changes in the variables of the experiment.

It is specifically defined as an act of knowing or recording the changes in the variables of the experiment.Recording observations holds importance as recording observations avoid the experiment to be repeated over and over again.

It is important to note down observations so that the testing of hypothesis is made easier.There are four types of observations .Observations need to be descriptive and must be written in complete sentences and should include all the numerical data of the experiment.

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6C6H12O6

How many total atoms of oxygen are present in the molecules represented here?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 36 atoms

Explanation: I took the test and i got 100%

There are 36 oxygen atoms in the representation "6 C₆H₁₂O₆".

We have the expression "6 C₆H₁₂O₆", which represents 6 molecules of C₆H₁₂O₆.

The subscripts are the atomicities of the element, that is, the number of atoms of each element in 1 molecule.

There are 6 atoms of oxygen per molecule of C₆H₁₂O₆. Considering that there are 6 molecules, the total number of atoms of oxygen are:

[tex]6 Molecules \times \frac{6\ O\ atoms}{1Molecule} = 36\ O\ atoms[/tex]

There are 36 oxygen atoms in the representation "6 C₆H₁₂O₆".

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According to the kinetic molecular theory, the pressure of a gas increases as
the number of moles of gas molecules increases because —

Answers

Answer:

The volume of the gas therefore becomes large as the temperature of the gas increases, the frequency of collisions with the walls of the container must increase. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the pressure of the gas.

Explanation:

hope it helps.

1. You were tasked to check if the liquid sample you have is a substance or a mixture.
Which among these tasks is the BEST way to do so?
1. Color comparison
Il. Taste comparison
III. Boiling Test
iv.
Melting Test

Answers

Answer:

boiling test or melting test

Explanation:

A superficial dermal erythema that is classified as an exanthem is more commonly known as a(n) __________

Answers

Answer:

ITS CALLED RASH

Explanation:

convert 230.000 000 000 mi into scientific notation

Answers

Answer:2.3×10^11

Explanation:since scientific notation is as a×10^k with 0<a<=9

How many grams of Fe can be produced when 6.10 g of Fe2O3 reacts?

Answers

Tell you what - the more likely scenario is that iron reacts with oxygen to form 6.2g of Fe2O3. That's the rusting of iron; I don't know if you can "un-rust" iron back into pure iron and oxygen. So we'll go with this equation:

4Fe + 3O2 --> 2Fe2O3.

Iron (Fe) is our unknown. Okay, Fe2O3, which is iron(III) oxide, has a given mass of 6.2g, and according to the Periodic Table, it's molar mass, or grams per 1 mole, is 160g/mol (56+56+16+16+16). Do a 1-step molar conversion to get about 0.03875 moles. Apply this to the molar ratio of coefficients in the balanced equation: the ratio is 2:4, or 1:2, so you will double that to 0.0775 moles of iron. Now do a 1-step molar conversion with iron's Atomic Mass to get your grams of iron: 0.0775 moles x 56 grams per mole = 4.34 grams Fe.

As per the balanced reaction, two moles or 319.4 g of Fe₂O₃ gives 4 moles or 223.4 g of Fe. Thus 6.10 g gives 4.22 g of Fe.

What is ferric oxide?

Ferric oxide is an ionic compound formed from iron and oxygen in which iron is in  +3 oxidation state. It is also called iron oxide which decomposes to form molecular oxygen and iron.

The balanced equation giving Fe and oxygen from ferric oxide is written below:

[tex]\rm 2Fe_{2}O_{3} \rightarrow 4Fe + 3O_{2}[/tex].

The molar mass of ferric oxide is 159.7 g/mol. Thus two moles weighs 159.7 × 2 = 319.4 g. Atomic mass of Fe is 55.85 hence, 4 moles is 223.4 g.

As per the balanced reaction, 319.4 g of ferric oxide gives 223.4 g of iron. Thus mass of iron , Fe produced from 6.10 g of ferric oxide is calculated as follows:

mass of Fe = (223.4× 6.10 ) /319.4

                  = 4.226 g

Hence, 4.22 g of Fe will be produced from 6.10 g of Fe₂O₃.

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Describe the endogenous pathways of cholesterol metabolism.

Answers

Explanation:

Endogenous pathway for lipid metabolism: VLDL is formed in the liver from triglycerides and cholesterol esters. ... In the liver, LDL is converted into bile acids and secreted into the intestines. In non hepatic tissues, LDL is used in hormone production, cell membrane synthesis, or stored.

Find the mass of iron that has volume of 111 ml.

Answers

Answer:8

842.46 or to the next whole number

Explanation:

just multiply the mass of iron with the volume mL you have.

The mass of the iron whose volume and density are 111 ml and 7.847 g/cm³ respectively is 871.01 grams.

Which term is equivalent to product of density and volume?

The product of density and volume of a substance represents its mass. Mathematically -

M = V x ρ

where -

ρ - density

M - mass

V - volume

Given is iron in liquid form. It occupies a total volume of 111 ml.

The mass of liquid iron can be calculated using -

M = V x ρ

Volume of iron [V] = 111 ml = 111 cm³.

Density of iron [ρ] = 7.847 g/cm³

Therefore, we can write -

M = 7.847 x 111

M = 871.01 grams

Therefore, the mass of the iron whose volume and density are 111 ml and 7.847 g/cm³ respectively is 871.01 grams.

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jeffrey is on his skateboard and starts skating down a ramp. ten seconds later he is traveling at 20.0m/s calculate the acceleration

Answers

velocity/time= acceleration

How many kilojoules are equivalent to 10 Joules?

A) 0.001 kJ

B) 0.01 kJ

C) 1000 kJ

D) 10,000 kJ

Answers

Answer:

It should be B: 0.01 kJ

Answer:

Hey...The answer is B) 0.01 kJ

Arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius.

K, Li, O, Se

Answers

Answer:

Olkgvvyvvbhhhjuj link here

www.com answer BRANLY.com

Compare the types of elements in covalent molecular compounds vs. ionic compounds. explain

Answers

Answer:

Covalent or molecular compounds form when elements share electrons in a covalent bond to form molecules. Molecular compounds are electrically neutral. Ionic compounds are (usually) formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal (or a polyatomic ion). Covalent compounds are formed when two nonmetals react with each other.

Explanation:

Hope this helps.

The graph of an object's position over time is a horizontal line and y is not equal to 0. What must be true about the object's motion?(1 point)
o The acceleration is constant and non-zero.
o The velocity is constant and non-zero.
o The velocity is zero.
o The acceleration is negative.

Answers

Answer:

The velocity is zero

The interpretation of a position-time graph is required.

The correct option is The velocity is zero.

In a position time graph the y axis denotes the position and x axis denotes the time.

A horizontal line where [tex]y\neq 0[/tex].

This means that the points of the line will be for some value of x, the y value will always be constant.

The slope of a position-time graph will gives the velocity of the object.

Slope is given by

[tex]m=\dfrac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}[/tex]

Here, since the graph is a horizontal line, [tex]\Delta y=0[/tex]

[tex]\Rightarrow m=\dfrac{0}{\Delta x}=0[/tex]

The velocity of the person will be zero.

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what non metal is used in the process of vulcanization of rubber

Answers

Answer:

Sulphur

Explanation:

Sulphur evolves the elastics of rubber, therein by heating it to make it...Hot.

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