How does peer review of scientific articles and replication of test results contribute to the development of scientific theories?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:Careful evaluation of research results by other scientists ensures that only solid and legitimate research results are published, and helps prevent faulty research or false claims from being viewed as scientific fact.

Explanation: it guards against fault science contaminating the literature on which all scientists rely. a hypothesis must be tested repeatedly and those tests must produce the same results before the scientific community will accept the hypothesis.

Answer 2

Peer review of scientific articles and replication of test results are essential processes that contribute significantly to the development and refinement of scientific theories. They help ensure the accuracy, credibility, and robustness of scientific knowledge. Here's how they contribute to theory development:

1. **Quality Assurance:** Peer review involves subjecting a research paper to critical evaluation by experts in the field before publication. This process helps ensure that the research is of high quality, methodologically sound, and contributes meaningfully to existing knowledge.

2. **Identification of Errors and Flaws:** Peer reviewers scrutinize the methodology, data analysis, and interpretations presented in the paper. If there are errors, inconsistencies, or weaknesses, reviewers can identify and point them out. This process helps prevent flawed or misleading research from being published.

3. **Enhancement of Clarity:** Reviewers provide feedback on the clarity of the paper's writing, organization, and presentation of results. This feedback helps authors improve their communication, making the research more accessible to the broader scientific community.

4. **Strengthening Hypotheses and Arguments:** Reviewers assess the logic and coherence of the research's hypotheses, arguments, and conclusions. Constructive feedback from peers can lead to refining hypotheses, modifying experimental designs, or reevaluating conclusions based on the evidence.

5. **Contribution to Scientific Discourse:** Peer-reviewed articles become part of the scientific literature, where they contribute to ongoing discussions, inspire new research directions, and serve as building blocks for future studies and theories.

**Replication of Test Results:**

1. **Verification of Findings:** Replication involves conducting the same or similar experiments to confirm the validity of previously reported results. If multiple independent researchers can replicate the same results, it enhances the credibility of the findings and supports the robustness of the theory.

2. **Identifying Errors and Biases:** Replication attempts may uncover errors, biases, or confounding factors that were not initially identified. This process helps filter out inaccurate or biased results, ensuring that only reliable findings contribute to the body of knowledge.

3. **Assessment of Generalizability:** Replication studies conducted in different settings or with different populations help assess the generalizability of findings. A theory that holds up across diverse conditions gains stronger support.

4. **Refinement of Hypotheses:** In cases where replication produces inconsistent results, researchers may need to revisit their hypotheses, experimental design, or methodologies. This process encourages critical thinking and refinement of theories to better explain observed phenomena.

5. **Building a Cumulative Body of Knowledge:** Replicated results provide a foundation upon which subsequent researchers can build. As more replications occur, a body of consistent and reliable evidence accumulates, contributing to the establishment of well-supported scientific theories.

In summary, peer review and replication play vital roles in the development of scientific theories. Peer review ensures the quality and accuracy of research before it enters the scientific literature, while replication confirms and strengthens the validity of findings. Both processes foster a dynamic and self-correcting scientific community that continuously refines and advances our understanding of the natural world.

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Related Questions



the answer pls?

bio

Answers

Answer:

sorry i don't know the answer btw do you have an ig

Please help!!!
What happens when oxygen, carbon dioxide and glucose molecules diffuse across the cell membrane? Explain in your own words

Answers

Answer:

Simple diffusion is responsible for the spread of an air freshener through a room, or of a few drops of dye to eventually turn a glass of water a uniform color. Molecules naturally disperse from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.

As oxygen-rich (and carbon dioxide-poor) blood travels by a cell the oxygen diffuses through the cell membrane to the area of lower concentration inside the cell. It can do this easily because the oxygen molecule (O2) is very small and has no charge or polarity. The oxygen is used up rapidly by mitochondria. This rapid consumption causes oxygen to constantly move into the cell from the blood.

Explanation:

Simple diffusion is responsible for the spread of an air freshener through a room, or of a few drops of dye to eventually turn a glass of water a uniform color. Molecules naturally disperse from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.

As oxygen-rich (and carbon dioxide-poor) blood travels by a cell the oxygen diffuses through the cell membrane to the area of lower concentration inside the cell. It can do this easily because the oxygen molecule (O2) is very small and has no charge or polarity. The oxygen is used up rapidly by mitochondria. This rapid consumption causes oxygen to constantly move into the cell from the blood.

the prominence on the inferior side of the sternal end of the clavicle is called the

Answers

Costal tuberosity (Impressio ligament costoclavicularis) is a roughened oval elevation on the inferior surface of the bone, near the medial (sternal) end. ... This marking is also called the impression for costoclavicular ligament

What REASONING connects the evidence to the claim

"while we sleep, our mind goes on an amazing journey"

Answers

where is the claim for the answer

Write one scientific question about the organism in the photo ​

Answers

Answer:

What's the scientific name of sunflower?

From what did it evolve from?

During the Flowing Water Model demonstration, observe the stream table while water is flowing through it. What do you notice? Record your observations on the lines below. You can use to Word Bank to help you describe what you see.

Answers

Answer:The speed of the water flowing downhill will be affected by the degree of incline, and any structures or topographical features in its path. The faster the water flows, the more erosion occurs. Water flowing downhill moves and deposits sand at the bottom of the river. The faster the water flows, the more sand will be deposited at the bottom. A delta at the mouth of a river forms in the same way. Although the formation of the “rivers” in this activity appeared very quickly, in reality rivers can take millions to billions of years to form a path from land to sea.

Explanation:

I just did it yesterday :)

Someone plz help me :(

Answers

Answer:

S. 32 f alsksjhdjduehoeidgdndkdhd

chúng ta cần làm gì để bảo vệ môi trường sống không còn tác nhân đột biến?

Answers

Fjdyc jesjnehfiejshwjqbdh jevdjedn

What type of spatial distribution do the wolves illustrate?

Answers

Answer:

Could you please attach an image of the document so I can better assist you?

Explanation:

Have a great day, and spread some positivity!

AN AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION STUDY FINDS THAT E-CIGARETTES MAY NOT BE ANY BETTER THAN CIGARETTES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH.
A.Yes B.No

Answers

Answer:

B. no

Explanation:

The was found to be no significant

affect on heart disease

What Is the biggest songbird in the world?

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Hi there! I like songbirds, just as you might.

If I remember properly, the biggest songbird is the common raven! It's size can range from 22 to 27 inches long, while the tiniest is a hummingbird, ranging from 3.1 to 3.5 inches long.

Have a nice day!

The largest song bird is (Corvus Corax) also known as a Common Raven
Facts: Their lifespan is 10-15 years and can weigh up to 4.4lbs
They are around 22-27 inches long

Help me with this last thing for my environmental science class

Answers

Answer:

1. Energy is passed between organisms through the food chain. Food chains start with producers. They are eaten by primary consumers which are in turn eaten by secondary consumers and them by other consumers.

2. Producers are living things that use energy to make food. Producers make food for themselves and other living things.

3. the difference between a herbivore and an omnivore is a herbivore eats only plants or producers, and an omnivore eats both plants, and other animals/consumers.

4.A food chain follows one path of energy and materials between species. A food web is more complex and is a whole system of connected food chains. In a food web, organisms are placed into different trophic levels.

Explanation:

i hope this helps-even if it is a bit late...

The Earth moves in predictable patterns. One of these patterns causes approximately 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness during a 24-hour period in areas around the equator.

This movement is referred to as —


A. a rotation
B. an equinox
C. a photoperiod ,
D. a revolution

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

A Revolution.  One revolution is equal to a day.

Which of these is a component of the atmosphere?
rock
oxygen
sediments
soil

Answers

Answer:

oxygen

Explanation:

oxygen is a gas

the others are solids and cannot physically stay in the atmos phere, let alone be part of it

Where is the centromere located on the chromosome, and what is its role?
1. It is not exactly at the center, and it always makes the p-arm longer than the q-arm.
2. It is exactly at the center and it is responsible for making the q-arm longer than the p-arm.
3. It is not exactly at center, and it attaches to spindle fibers during cell division.
4. It is exactly at the center, and it attaches to spindle fibers during cell division.

Answers

Answer:

It is not exactly at the center, and it attaches to spindle fibers during cell division.

Explanation:

Did the test. Got it right.

Answer: The correct answer is C

Explanation:

I took the test

HELP!!!
how does earths axis affect our seasons

Answers

When the axis is towards the sun it is summer for that hemisphere and when it pointed away it is winter. The axis tilts affect our seasons due to it either being point towards, away from it or in the middle.
Throughout the year, different parts of earth receive the suns most direct rays. The earths tilting is what gives us 4 seasons by how tilted we are to the sun.

what happens when the epiphyseal plate is ossified

Answers

Answer:

Bones grow in length at the epiphyseal plate by a process that is similar to endochondral ossification. When cartilage growth ceases, usually in the early twenties, the epiphyseal plate completely ossifies so that only a thin epiphyseal line remains and the bones can no longer grown in length.

How do the properties of water and the ability to modify the rates of chemical reactions enable living things to carry out functions necessary for life, such as digesting food?

Answers

Answer:

A chemical reaction is a process that changes some chemical substances into others. It involves breaking and reforming chemical bonds. They follow the Law of Conservation of Matter.

Explanation:

Energy is a necessity for all living organisms to survive, and ATP is a reactant that powers several other chemical processes inside cells. Cellular respiration is the method used by cells to produce energy.

What attributes of water are requisite for an organism?

The term “universal solvent” refers to water's enormous capacity to dissolve a wide range of molecules, and it is this capacity that makes water such a priceless life-sustaining agent.

Water has five key characteristics: strong polarity, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, low solid density, and affinity for other polar molecules.

The process of converting one chemical substance into another is known as a chemical reaction. Chemical bonds are broken and rebuilt in this process. The Law of Conservation of Matter is observed by them.

Therefore, Water's function as a solvent aids cells in the transfer and utilization of chemicals like oxygen and nutrients on a biological level.

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The skeletal system is NOT responsible for which of the following?

1. Protecting the vital organs.
2. Being a storehouse for minerals.
3. Creating red blood cells.
4. Moving red blood cells around the body.

Answers

Answer:  4. Moving red blood cells around the body.

Explanation:

The skeletal system is reponsible for

1. Protecting the vital organs.  ✅

2. Being a storehouse for minerals. ✅

3. Creating red blood cells. ✅

4. Moving red blood cells around the body. ❌ moving red blood cells aroud the body is the job of the blood (circulatory system)

What are the effects for using gold in our industry?

Answers

Answer:Modern industrial gold mining destroys landscapes and creates huge amounts of toxic waste. Due to the use of dirty practices such as open pit mining and cyanide heap leaching, mining companies generate about 20 tons of toxic waste for every 0.333-ounce gold ring.

Explanation:

how would you modify the hypothesis and repeat the experiment for improved or more complete results

Answers

Answer:

you could try to do another experiment that would be the obvious and the simple solution.

What crucial function do the nitrogen-fixing bacteria perform?

Answers

Answer:

microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen (inorganic compounds usable by plants). More than 90 percent of all nitrogen fixation is effected by these organisms, which thus play an important role in the nitrogen cycle.

in a eukaryotic cell, where does transcription occur?

Answers

Answer:

transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Explanation:

please someone help I'm failing

Answers

I want to say the 3rd one but I’m not 100% sure

What organelle is responsible for breaking polylactides into mononitrides?

Answers

Answer:

an expurgation

Explanation:

thats eazy

what kind of enzyme adds a phosphate group to another protein?

Answers

Answer:

kinase

Explanation:

is the correct answer

Define classification.
(In biology)

Answers

Answer:

the establishment of a hierarchical system of categories on the basis of presumed natural relationships among organisms.

hope this helps <3

To keep studying and be successful.

Answers

Answer:

You need to study because...

Explanation:

If you don't study you will fail, and if you fail you will not get a job, and if you don't get a job you will not make money, and if you don't make money you can't buy food and water, and if you can buy food and water you will startve, and if you starve you will d ie. Therefore, Study in school.

The main function of the
rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

Answers

generally the rough endoplasmic reticulum is to produce proteins called ribosomes

The main function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is the production of membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?

The endoplasmic reticulum serves as the transport system of the eukaryotic cell, with many other important functions such as protein folding. It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits –

1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

It has a continuous nuclear envelope. The endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomal granules anchored to the cytoplasmic surface of the cisternae is involved in the synthesis and secretion of proteins through membrane-bound vesicles called ergastoplasms.

Thus, the main function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is the production of membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

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Which formation is the result of wind erosion?
a. glacial erratic
b. u-shaped valleys
c. mud slidesally
b. unusually shaped rocks​

Answers

Answer:

No answer. But you can learn off this;

Explanation:

Wind erosion abrades surfaces and makes desert pavement, ventifacts, and desert varnish. Sand dunes are common wind deposits that come in different shapes, depending on winds and sand availability. Loess is a very fine grained, wind-borne deposit that can be important to soil formation.

Thanks.

The answer i think is unusually shaped rocks.
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