Answer:
a molecule is to an atom........................
A train car is to a train, as a monomer is to a polymer and a atom is to a molecule.
What is a polymer?A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers. It is formed through a process called polymerization, where monomers chemically bond together to create long chains or networks. Polymers can be found in various natural and synthetic materials and play a significant role in our daily lives.
Natural polymers include proteins, DNA, cellulose, and rubber, while synthetic polymers are created through chemical reactions in laboratories and include plastics, synthetic fibers, and resins. Polymers exhibit a wide range of properties and can be flexible, rigid, transparent, or opaque, depending on their chemical composition and structure.
The study of polymers, known as polymer science or polymer chemistry, explores their synthesis, properties, and applications in various fields such as materials science, medicine, engineering, and packaging.
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if the body was incapable of performing dehydration synthesis on carbohydrates, could not be formed.
Lactose
When you consume foods or beverages that contain lactose, you could have digestive symptoms like bloating, diarrhea, and gas. A naturally occurring sugar called lactose can be found in milk and dairy products like cheese and ice cream.
Digestion symptoms in lactose intolerance are brought on by lactose malabsorption. A problem known as lactose malabsorption occurs when your small intestine is unable to fully digest or break down the lactose you consume. A milk allergy is distinct from lactose intolerance. A condition of the immune system is a milk allergy. Some regions of the world experience lactose malabsorption more frequently than others. The majority of people in Asia and Africa suffer from lactose malabsorption.
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what did the dna look like? relate its chemical structure to how it looks when lots of it is clumped together.
Answer:
Relate its chemical structure to how it looks when a lot of it is clumped together. (The DNA looked like spider webs. The DNA precipitate looked like long and thin fibers. This makes sense because the molecular structure is so long and narrow.)
Hundreds of studies have linked smoking with cardiovascular and lung disease. According to most health authorities, smoking is the leading cause of preventable, premature death in the United States. What are some arguments in favor of a total ban on cigarette advertising? What are arguments in opposition? Do you favor or oppose such a ban? Explain.
Because cigarette consumption can be increased by advertising. It will therefore be more difficult for smokers to stop. Smoking bans are resisted because tobacco companies have a motive to emphasize harmful health facts in their advertising in order to gain market dominance. Advertising for cigarettes need to be prohibited.
What are consumption and an example?Although consumption can be characterized in a variety of ways, the final purchase of goods and services by individuals serves as the best definition. Examples of consumption include buying a new pair of shoes, eating a hamburger at a fast food restaurant, or using services like house cleaning.
Which four categories of consumption are there?Consumer products can be divided into four categories. Shopping items, specialized items, convenient products, and unforeseen items are among them.
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name four different types of specialized cells which a single celled human zygote can differentiate into.
The four different types of specialized cells which a single celled human zygote can differentiate into are: skin cells, muscle cells, bone cells, and nerve cells.
Zygote is the single cell, which is diploid in nature. It is formed after the fertilization of a female ovum by the male sperm. The zygote has the potential to divide and differentiate into a fully grown organism. The zygote stage is very short-lived.
Nerve cells are the neurons that function to transmit signals across the whole body. The nerve cells are the longest cell in the body. There structure is composed of a central cell body from which emerge various dendrites. From one side comes the long axon which ends at the axon terminal.
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carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that trap and digest small animals. the products of this digestion are used to supplement the plant's supply of . carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that trap and digest small animals. the products of this digestion are used to supplement the plant's supply of . nitrogen and other minerals carbohydrates energy lipids and steroids
carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that entice and digest small animals. the products of this digestion are used to complement the plant's supply of nitrogen and minerals
Carnivorus plants grows in nitrogen deficiet soil. So, in oreder to get nitrogen, they could trap the small animals. example Venus fly trap, Pitcher plant and bladdder wortcolor, scent, and nectar draws bugs to insectivorous flowersThe venus fly lure carries 6 cause hairs on inner floor of leaves, three on each half of of leaf.Carnivorous plants are flora that derive some or most in their nutrients from trapping and ingesting animals or protozoans, typically insects and different arthropods. Carnivorous plant life nevertheless generate some of their electricity from photosynthesisTo know more about Carnivorus plants visit : https://brainly.com/question/11020241
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what is the correct classification of the symbiotic relationship?
F - Predator/Prey
G - Mutualism
H - Commensalism
J - Parasite/Host
The evolution of thin and thick lipped cichlids is an example of which type of natural selection?
The evolution of thin and thick lipped cichlids is an example of disruptive natural selection.
Natural selection has a specific form called disruptive selection, which aggressively favours the two ends of the spectrum while actively selecting against the intermediate in a population. It is hypothesised that disruptive selection frequently results in sympatric speciation via a phyletic gradualism mode of evolution.The lake cichlids have evolved unusually fat lips, a completely new morphological trait, in just 100 generations and as many years. Based on models, most estimates of how quickly organisms acquire new traits suggest that it might take up to 10,000 generations. According to certain models, tens of generations should suffice, yet such rapid transformation has never been observed before.To learn more about natural selection.
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C-banding is a pattern of staining using giemsa stain in which chromosomes show staining of?
Giemsa stain shows the staining of centromeres.
C-banding, which involves denaturing the chromosomes in a saturated alkaline solution followed by Giemsa staining, is a technique specifically used to identify heterochromatin. Different banding methods can be selected when identifying chromosomes. Chromosome banding is an important technique used in chromosome karyotyping to distinguish between normal and defective chromosomes for clinical and scientific purposes.The most common dye-based chromosome banding methods are Giemsa (G), reverse (R), and centromere (C). G-banding stains trypsinized chromosomes, whereas R-banding uses hot acidic saline to denature the chromosomes prior to Giemsa staining. It contains a significant amount of AT-rich satellite DNA. Just as G-banding represents AT-rich sections of chromosomes, so does Q-banding.Therefore, centromeres is the correct answer.
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Viruses reproduce through the use of host cells. In this process, viruses reproduce by injecting their DNA into the host cell and using the cell's structures to create copies of itself. After numerous copies are made, the host cell bursts and the new viruses are released. Depending on the type of virus and the host cell, hundreds or thousands of viruses can be released in this burst. These viruses then go on to reproduce through new host cells. Bacteria, however, reproduce using binary fission. In this process, a bacterium splits into two identical daughter cells. In favorable conditions, bacteria can divide once every 20 minutes. This means that a single bacterium can turn into a colony of over a billion bacteria in about ten hours.
Which statement correctly compares viral and bacterial reproduction?
a
Both viruses and bacteria must destroy themselves after they have reproduced.
b
Both viruses and bacteria can create large populations in a short time period.
c
Both viruses and bacteria must have very large populations in order to reproduce.
d
Both viruses and bacteria can reproduce without the help of other organisms.
Answer:
I believe it is b,
Both viruses and bacteria can create large populations in a short time period.
The statement which correctly compares viral and bacterial reproduction is that both viruses and bacteria can create large populations in a short time period. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
What is Virus replication?Virus replication may be defined as a type of process that involves the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. It is the mechanism by which a virus makes copies of itself.
It can lead to thousands of new viral particles being released into the host's body, infecting new cells and leading to the symptoms of the disease. The mode of reproduction for bacteria and viruses may absolutely different in each aspect.
Bacteria reproduce using binary fission. While Viruses reproduce through the use of host cells. But both can create large populations in a short time period.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is B.
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A protist that you observed in lab gains nutrients by absorbing small, liquid droplets. which term best describes this metabolic process?(1 point)
Protists can be aerobic or anaerobic and have a variety of ways to eat. Phagocytosis this term best describes this metabolic process.
Protists are tiny, unicellular organisms, but some of them are actually multicellular. A small percentage of protists are found in colonies, which exhibit characteristics of both a multicellular organism and a collection of free-living cells. Chloroplasts are a characteristic of photoautotrophs, which are protists that store energy through photosynthesis.
A process known as phagocytosis, in which the cell membrane engulfs a food particle and draws it inside, puncturing off an intracellular membranous sac, or vesicle, termed a food vacuole, is how amoebas and some other heterotrophic protist species consume particles. The food particles gets divided into small molecules that can spread into the cytoplasm and be utilized in cellular metabolism when the vesicle that contains the ingested particle, the phagosome, joins forces with a lysosome that contains hydrolytic enzymes to create a phagolysosome. Unprocessed material is eventually ejected from the cell by exocytosis.
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what is the diffrence between a cedll wall and cell membrain
Answer:
Permeability
Explanation:
The key difference between cell wall and cell membrane lies with their permeability. The cell wall is completely permeable while the cell membrane is selectively or partially permeable. Another difference between cell wall and cell membrane is the composition.
The per capita ecological footprint is the total ecological footprint for a given country or area
O True
O False
The per capita ecological footprint is the total ecological footprint for a given country or area is false and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Ecological footprint?This is referred to as the amount of land which is required to ensure that there is adequate use and sustainability of the resources which are present in area at a given period of time.
The per capita ecological footprint is the average ecological footprint for a given country or area and not the total ecological footprint which is therefore the reason why false was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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how long does a caterpillar stay in a cocoon?
Answer:
between five to 21 days.
how long does a caterpillar stay in a cocoon?
Explanation:
The heart rate of 10 adults is measured, and the results are 83, 87, 90, 92, 93, 100, 104, 111, 115, 121. Find the interquartile range of the data set.
a
21
b
38
c
90
d
96.5
The interquartile range of the data set of the heart rates of 10 adults is 21.
What is the interquartile range of the data set of the heart rate of 10 adults?The interquartile range of a set of data is given as the difference between the lower median value and the upper median value of the data.
To calculate the interquartile range of the data set of the heart rates of 10 adults, we arrange the data first in increasing order as given below:
83, 87, 90, 92, 93, 100, 104, 111, 115, 121
The data set is an even dat set and is divided into five values each.
The lower median of the set is obtained as follows:
83, 87, 90, 92, 93; lower median value = 90
The upper median of the set is obtained as follows:
100, 104, 111, 115, 121; upper median value = 111
The interquartile range = upper median - lower medianThe interquartile range = 111 - 90
The interquartile range = 21
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Q.1 Rubisco starts the process of carbon fixation by attaching a carbon from carbon dioxide to RuBP, causing which molecule to be formed?
water
PGA
Glucose
Q.2 12 molecules of PGA use the energy from ATP and NADPH to rearrange and form 12 molecules of?
water
PGAL
Glucose
Q.3 ____provides the energy needed to rearrange 10 molecules of PGAL into 6 molecules of RuBP.
heat
ATP
Water
Q.4
During one "turn" of the Calvin–Benson cycle,__ carbon dioxide molecules are taken in, and a molecule of glucose is created.___ carbon atoms are in that molecule of glucose.
1. RuBisCO starts the process of carbon fixation by attaching a carbon from carbon dioxide to RuBP, causing PGA molecule to be formed.
2. 12 molecules of PGA use the energy from ATP and NADPH to rearrange and form 12 molecules of Glucose.
3. ATP provides the energy needed to rearrange 10 molecules of PGAL into 6 molecules of RuBP.
4. During one "turn" of the Calvin–Benson cycle, One carbon dioxide molecules are taken in, and a molecule of glucose is created. Six carbon atoms are in that molecule of glucose.
Calvin–Benson cycle- The C3 cycle is another name for the Calvin cycle. The carbon from the carbon cycle gets fixed into sugars via a chain of chemical reactions. It takes place in the plant cell's chloroplast.
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how is atp used in our bodies? how is atp used in our bodies? the energy released from atp is converted into kinetic energy to do work. it is converted to adp for storage and later use. it is used to create more energy. atp is used to make potential energy.
ATP is used in human bodies as follows: the energy released from ATP is converted into kinetic energy to do work (option A).
What is ATP?ATP is the biological molecule that is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions.
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and it stores or carries energy used by the cell for performing metabolic activities.
ATP is structurally built to store energy in the bonds that holds its phosphate molecules. This energy is released for use by living cells when the bond is broken.
Therefore, ATP is used in human bodies as follows: the energy released from ATP is converted into kinetic energy to do work.
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Label the diagram below with the following terms:active site, enzyme, enzyme-substrate
complex, product, and substrate Then, answer the questions below.
10.
12.
11.
Carbon dioxide
Water
13.
Products
are released.
Substrates
bind to the
enzyme.
Substrates
are converted
into products.
14.
This is an example of an anabolic reaction. 1) substrates. 2) active site. 3) Product. 4) Enzyme. 5) Enzyme-Substrate complex. a) Protein. b) Catalyze reactions. c) Energy needed to convert a substrate into a product. d) Decrease it. e) pH, Temperature, other molecules.
How does the metabolic action occur?In metabolic reactions mediated by enzymes, the substrates turn into products faster than they would naturally do.
Let us remember that enzymes are proteins that act as catalyzer molecules that accelerate natural reactions.
Anabolism is the process through which the enzyme takes small molecules to composed a larger one. The enzyme helps to build a complex molecule from simpler ones.Catabolism is the process by which a complex large molecule is brocken into simpler smaller molecules. The enzyme gets in contact with the substrate and break it appart into pieces.Enzymes have specific active sites to which the substrate binds.
Once these molecules join through these binding sites, they compose the enzyme-substrate complex.
Finally, the enzyme turns the substrate into product molecules.
The exposed example proposes an anabolic reaction.
1) Susbtrates ⇒ CO₂ and water
2) Active site
3) Product
4) Enzyme
5) Enzyme-substrate complex
a) What type of organic molecules are enzymes?
Proteins
b) What do enzymes do in cells?
They catalyze reactions. Accelerate them.
c) What is the activation energy?
This is the energy naturally needed to convert a molecule into a product.
d) How do enzymes affect the activation energy?
Since enzyme catalize reactions, they decrease the activation energy.
e) What factors affect the activity of an enzyme?
pH and Temperature are two significant factors that affect enzymatic activity.
Enzymes have an optimum pH and Tº range at which they perform the best. Over this range, they denaturalize.
Other molecules can also affect enzymes activity.
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Complete question: Image attached
Label the diagram below with the following terms: active site, enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex, product, and substrate.
Then, answer the questions below.
a) What type of organic molecules are enzymes?
b) What do enzymes do in cells?
c) What is the activation energy?
d) How do enzymes affect the activation energy?
e) What factors affect the activity of an enzyme?
Which one of these does udp provide?
a. duplicate elimination
b. error correction
c. sequencing
d. error detection
UDP provides error detection.
UDP, also known as User Datagram Protocol, is a simple data-oriented device that is used to preserve messages and other sensitive data.
The primary function of this device is to detect errors and to make sure of authentic end-to-end communication.
Moreover, It is faster than TCP and does not perform the following functions such as error correction, duplicate elimination, and flow control.
This device is only concerned with error detection and speed.
Hence, whenever the data sent over thousands of miles gets affected by obstructions and collisions then it determines the presence of possible errors.
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the organic molecules that function for long-term energy storage and to cushion major organs are the , which are one familiar example of a , one of the four major biomolecules.
The organic molecules that function for long-term energy storage and to cushion major organs are the triglycerides, which are one familiar example of a lipid, one of the four major biomolecules.
Lipids are the biomolecules. The structure of lipid is composed of a glycerol backbone. The two hydroxyl groups of the glycerol form ester bonds with the long chain fatty acid while the third hydroxyl group has a phosphate group attached to it. Triglyceride is a type of lipid with three fatty acid chains instead of two.
Biomolecules are the organic molecules that are made up some specific monomer. The major biomolecules in an organism's body are: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.
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how can you prove whether a trait is acquired through genetics or the environment?
Answer:
some people look like their parents or relatives and that's because of genes
As for the environment, we adapt to live in places that were different from the other environment
Explanation:
Example for the environment: winter foxes weren't always white. they change colors to match their environment to serve. change happens generation after generations change to fit their environment
By conducting twin studies, adoption studies, or using animal models to separate genetic and environmental influences on the trait.
Researchers employ twin, adoption, and animal models to evaluate if a feature is inherited or environmental. Twin studies compare identical (100%) and fraternal (50%) twins for a certain attribute. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins, suggesting a stronger genetic effect.
Adoption studies compare biological and adoptive households. If the adopted person and their biological family share a characteristic, genetics are involved. If the attribute is more comparable between the adopted person and their adoptive family, it suggests environmental impact.
Researchers can explore inheritance patterns by carefully breeding animals with specified features. Scientists can determine how genetics and environment affect a characteristic by combining these strategies.
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How is the adrenal cortex controlled?
Adrenal cortex is controlled by the mechanism of negative feedback by the hypothalamus and the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
Adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the adrenal gland. Adrenal glands are present in a pair on the top of both the kidneys. The hormones released by the adrenal cortex are involved in functions of metabolism, stress, blood pressure, etc.
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is a peptide in nature that is secreted by the pituitary gland. This hormone is released by the action of CRH from hypothalamus. The hormone then stimulates the adrenal cortex to release the hormones cortisol and androgens. The cortisol in return stimulates the hypothalamus to decrease the release of CRH. This is how the feedback loop works.
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Nucleic acids are founds in prokaryotes without a nucleus. An example is
plants
fungi
animals
bacteria
Nucleic acids are founds in prokaryotes without a nucleus. An example is bacteria.
What are bacteria?Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that have the characteristic that they lack a defined nucleus, then they have their genetic content in the cytoplasm. Nor will they present membrane organelles within them. What they will have is a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan that will protect it.
They are usually unicellular organisms that can live in extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, they are on earth and even in the human body there are more bacteria than human cells, some are beneficial to the body.
Therefore, we can confirm that nucleic acids are founds in prokaryotes without a nucleus. An example is bacteria.
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The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____. a triglycerides cholesterol proteins phospholipids
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are phospholipids
Phospholipids, by being partially water-soluble, are suitable for holding the cell membrane in place
Phospholipids are a subclass of lipids that have two hydrophobic "tails" made of fatty acids connected by an alcohol residue, one of which is a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group. Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are frequently incorporated into the phospholipid molecule of marine phospholipids.
All cell membranes contain phospholipids, which are an essential element. Due to their amphiphilic nature, they can form lipid bilayers. Along with phospholipids, the cell membranes of eukaryotes also contain sterols, a different class of lipid. The combination offers mechanical robustness against rupture together with two-dimensional flexibility.
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Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function? a. limbic system-motor control of speech b. medulla oblongata-homeostatic control c. cerebellum-coordination of movement and balance d. amygdala-emotional memory
According to the given statement, the correct choice is B.
Medulla oblongata -homeostatic control.
What is the medulla oblongata?Your core is the bottom of your brain. Its location means it's where your brain connects to your spinal cord, making it an important conduit for nerve signals to and from your body. It also helps control important processes such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
What are the five functions of the medulla oblongata?These nerves control swallowing, taste, breathing, heart function, digestion, upper back, neck muscles, and tongue movement. Injuries and strokes often cause spinal cord problems.
Where is the medulla oblongata in the brain?The medulla is at the base of the brain, and the brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in the transmission of information between the spinal cord and the brain.
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What might be the result if the cell ignored either checkpoint and progressed through the cell cycle?
If the cell ignored the checkpoint and progressed through the cell cycle, the cell would divide under conditions where it was inappropriate to do so.
Cells have to follow a certain cycle of division and for that, they pass through some checkpoints.
If cells start undergoing inappropriate dividing cycles, there will be an abnormality.
Also, if the daughter cells and their descendent also start ignoring checkpoints and the division cycle, then there will be a huge mass of abnormal cells.
The appropriate division cycle and timing are crucial for the normal growth, development as well as maintenance of a human or plant body.
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the white blood cells of the acquired immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system and that consist of t cells and b cells are known as .
The white blood cells of the acquired immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system and that consist of t cells and b cells are known as leukocytes.
What are leukocytes?Leukocytes are a group of blood cells that are better known as white blood cells which will carry out the immune response. These cells will originate in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.
There are five types of leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. These will be divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes depending on whether they contain granules in their cytoplasm.
Therefore, we can confirm that the white blood cells of the acquired immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system and that consist of t cells and b cells are known as leukocytes.
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Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal? a. greater production of T₃ than of T₄ b. hyposecretion of TSH c. hypersecretion of MSH d. a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin
The following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal is
b. hyposecretion of TSH
TSH hyposecretion thus lowers thyroid hormone levels and leads to the development of hypothyroidism.
Iodine is a chemical element that the human body uses as a necessary nutrient in the diet in order to generate thyroid hormone. Iodine has a variety of purposes, including boosting birth weight, treating thyroid cancer, and lowering the chance of goiters.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone is referred to by the abbreviation TSH. TSH is the name of the peptide hormone that the pituitary gland produces to control the thyroid gland's hormone output.
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1) describe what data would need to be gathered to determine if the addition of crazy worms has harmful or beneficial effects on soil.
Evaluation of nutrient cycling, leaf-litter decomposition, and soil structure before and after the presence of crazy worms will be required to infer if they are beneficial or harmful to the soil.
By speeding the breakdown of leaf litter on the forest floor, crazy worms alter the soil. They transform healthy soil into dry, gritty worm castings, sometimes known as excrement, which is unsuitable for our forests' native understory species.
East Asia is home to a kind of earthworm known as the crazy worm. (We're back to talking about Asian invaders, which seem to be the source of all invasive species.) They are more energetic, have a voracious appetite, and are smaller than nightcrawlers.
They also breed quickly. Their capacity to reproduce asexually and their quick life cycle give them an advantage over other creatures, including nightcrawlers, in the marketplace. They complete two generations per season as opposed to only one, maturing twice as quickly as European earthworms and the size of their population.
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Which of the following is the most direct result of depolarizing the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal? a. Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane open. b. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane. c. Ligand-gated channels open, allowing neurotransmitters to enter the synaptic cleft. d. An EPSP or IPSP is generated in the postsynaptic cell.
The statement that represents the most direct result of depolarizing the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal is as follows:
Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane are generally open.Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is an Axon terminal?An Axon terminal may be characterized as a type of button-like termination of the axon which is particularly utilized by the axon in order to construct sympathetic contacts with other neurons.
An instance of depolarization of the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal directs to the beginning of voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane. This typically regulates the influx of calcium ions inside the membrane.
This process alters the electrical charge distribution and constructs the cell less negatively charged as compared to the surrounding environment.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is A.
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Your professor gives you an organism to study. you determine that the organism contains dna and ribosomes, has a plasma membrane and can reproduce sexually. to which group could this organism belong?
If the organism contains DNA, ribosomes, a plasma membrane and can reproduce sexually, then it belongs to the animal kingdom.
What are the biological kingdoms?On earth there are various types of unicellular and multicellular organisms, including that we still do not know. As there is so much diversity of this, biologists and experts on the subject found it necessary to divide them broadly into five kingdoms which take as a characteristic their type of nutrition, their cellular organization, the type of respiration they use, their reproduction, the way in which they are move, among others.
We then find: animal kingdom which is composed of multicellular eukaryotic animals with heterotrophic feeding, aerobic respiration, sexual reproduction and that have the ability to move. The plant kingdom that has immobile, multicellular, eukaryotic characteristics, are autotrophs, have anaerobic respiration and have sexual and asexual reproduction.
There will also be the fungi, protoctista and monera kingdoms.
Therefore, we can confirm that if the organism contains DNA, ribosomes, a plasma membrane and can reproduce sexually, then it belongs to the animal kingdom.
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