jamuar, s.s., and walsh, c.a. (2015). genomic variants and variations in malformations of cortical development. pediatr. clin. north am. 62, 571–585.
Differences in the sequence of DNA among individuals are named genetic variation. Genomic variation describes some of the differences among people, such as eye color and blood group, as well as whether a person has a higher or lower risk for acquiring particular diseases
What stand genomic variants?
Genomic variation refers to DNA sequence distinctions among individuals or populations. Some variants affect biological function (such as a mutation that generates a genetic disease), while others have no biological consequences
What is the difference between interpretations and mutations?
Mutation and variation are two concurrent events involved in the process of evolution. The main difference between mutation and interpretation is that mutation is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a gene whereas variation is any distinction between individuals of a particular species.
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Which of the following is not a major activity of the stomach? a. mechanical digestion b. HCl production c. nutrient absorption d. enzyme secretion
c. nutrient absorption is not a major activity of the stomach
What is the stomach's main function?Acid and digestive enzymes are produced by the stomach. The stomach is lined with , which are ridges of muscular tissue. Periodically contracting, the stomach muscles churn the food to speed up digestion. Food can go from the stomach to the small intestine when the pyloric sphincter, a muscle valve, relaxes.
Propulsion—peristaltic smooth muscle contractions that move food from the fundus to the constricted pylorus—is how mechanical digestion happens in the stomach.
As the muscular layers in the stomach lining flex, a mixing and churning action is created, which is mechanical digestion.
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Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were once viewed as being less adapted to circulatory function than mammalian hearts. What advantage of such hearts did this viewpoint overlook?
Because some oxygen-depleted blood from the systematic circuit that was returned to the right ventricle would have mixed with the oxygen-rich blood in the left ventricle, the O2 level would be unusually low.
Why do certain animals' hearts have three chambers?Amphibians and reptiles have three chambers in their hearts for the following reasons: Their lower metabolic rates result in a lower oxygen need per litre of blood. A frog's heart, for example, contains three chambers: one ventricle and two atria.
What are the advantages of a three-chamber heart?A three-chambered heart is preferable to a two-chambered heart because it can exert greater pressure on the blood arteries to guarantee that oxygenated blood flows into the body and deoxygenated blood is sent to the lungs.
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Which best describes the role of communication in scientific investigations?
O Communication can help identify good scientific questions to further investigate.
O Communication is not necessary once the data are collected because the scientists can d
themselves.
O Communication should not be used in planning the experimental design because the scien
ideas.
O Communication is important because the scientists need to convince other researchers not to challenge their results
Answer:
Communication can help identify good scientific questions to further investigate.
Explanation:
How is a mailing address analogous to biology's hierarchical taxonomic system?
Mailing address analogous to biology's hierarchical taxonomic system is written going from broader to narrower.
How is a mailing address analogous to biology's hierarchical taxonomic system?
Postal addresses are analogous to the hierarchical taxonomic system of biology in that each unit has a unique identifier. In postal addresses, the units are houses, and each of them belongs to a certain street in a certain suburb of a certain city. In taxonomy, the units are species and each of them belongs to a certain genus of a certain family of a certain order of a certain class. No two species have exactly the same taxonomic names, just as no two houses will have the same address.To learn more about mailing address analogous, refer to:
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The cell membrane is _______ (or selectively permeable), meaning it controls the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. p/orn
Answer: The answer is semipermeable
Explanation:
When you breathe, oxygen moves from your lungs into your blood and then into tissues. To do this, oxygen moves across membranes by ______ and from ______ concentration of oxygen.
When you breathe, oxygen moves from your lungs into your blood and then into tissues. To do this, oxygen moves across membranes by diffusion and from higher to lower concentration of Oxygen.
What occurs after oxygen leaves the lungs and enters the blood?The air sacs' flimsy lining allows oxygen from the inhaled air to cross across and enter the blood vessels. Diffusion refers to this. The bloodstream then transports the oxygen in the blood throughout the body, allowing it to reach every cell. The bloodstream releases carbon dioxide as oxygen enters it.
Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules higher to lower concentrations.
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the fibrin clot begins to form when fibrinogen is cleaved resulting in a fibrin monomer, fibrinopeptide a, and fibrinopeptide b fragments. the fibrin monmers sponaneously polymerize due to hydrogen bonding, and then are covalently linked into fibrin polymers by which factor?
The factor involved in the process is Factor XIII.
What is clotting of blood?Blood is said to clot when a solid mass appears over the point where the skin has been injured. The appearance of a clot would stop the bleeding over the point that has been affected by the injury.
There are many biological factors that contribute to the clotting of blood. The fibrin clot begins to form when fibrinogen is cleaved resulting in a fibrin monomer, fibrinopeptide a, and fibrinopeptide b fragments. The fibrin monomers spontaneously polymerize due to hydrogen bonding, and then are covalently linked into fibrin polymers by Factor XIII.
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If a culture of liver cells were deprived of amino acids, which category of macromolecule would the liver cells not be able to construct properly?.
The liver cells wouldn't be able to produce the macromolecules in the protein category adequately.
Describe a macromolecule:A macromolecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, is a very big molecule crucial to biophysical processes. It is made up of many atoms that are covalently bound. The smaller molecules known as monomers are the building blocks of many macromolecules. More atoms make up macromolecules than there are in regular molecules.
What is the function of macromolecules?The job of macromolecules is to sustain structures. act as a repository for fuel to maintain and retrieve genetic data.
What is an example of a macromolecule?Proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides are typical examples of macromolecules.
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Identify the bonds and interactions that help maintain a protein's 3-dimensional shape or conformation.
The bonds that will help maintain the three-dimensional structure of a protein will be: disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, van der waal forces, ionic interactions and hydrophobic interactions.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?As proteins are formed and folded, they will acquire different levels of folding which will help maintain a structure that will help them fulfill their cellular roles.
The levels of structure that are formed are built from the previous one, proteins can have a primary structure in which it has a linear succession of amino acids, a secondary structure in which it will already begin to have certain turns and folds adopting a configuration in spiral last and in the tertiary structure thanks to the strong bonds that are formed by the disulfide bonds together with the weak bonds of the hydrogen bonds between the others that are formed, a globular structure will be acquired.
Therefore, we can confirm that the bonds that will help maintain the three-dimensional structure of a protein will be: disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, van der waal forces, ionic interactions and hydrophobic interactions.
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What biological process allows humans, mammals, and birds to maintain high body temperatures?.
Answer:
Cellular Respiration
Explanation:
Cellular Respiration allows animals to generate energy by burning off fat. Cellular Respiration generates heat so that fat can be burned off.
Many spontaneous reactions occur very slowly. Why don't all spontaneous reactions occur instantly?
Many spontaneous reactions occur very slowly and all spontaneous reactions occur instantly because if the spontaneous reaction has a high activation energy that is rarely attained, the rate of the reaction may be low.
What is a Spontaneous reaction?This refers to the type of reaction which proceeds on its own and favors the formation of the products without an external energy being added to the system.
In a chemical reaction, the activation energy which is the minimum amount of energy that must be provided for a chemical reaction to occur varies according to different factors.
In a situation whereby the spontaneous reaction has a high activation energy, it becomes difficult for it to be attained and the reaction is slower while if the activation energy is low then then it is easier for it to be attained and the reaction is faster.
This is therefore the reason why all spontaneous reactions won't occur instantly.
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the bev doolittle print of ""the forest has eyes"" exemplifies the way affects perceptual organization.
The Bev Doolittle print "The Forest Has Eyes" that exemplifies the way Meaningfulness affects of perceptual organization.
Perceptual organization basically refers to the ability to impose the organization on the sensory data, so as to group the sensory primitives arising from the common underlying that cause. The existence of this sort of the organization in the human perception, including the vision, that was emphasized by the Gestalt psychologists. For example, draw the circle in a paper and do not close it. When you show that this figure to someone else, the first thing that will see in a circle, and it is later when the the incompleteness of the circle will be register in his mind. This is because his mind has been already perceived the figure as of the circle
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Our brain receives more action potentials when our eyes are exposed to light even though our photoreceptors release more neurotransmitter in the dark. Propose an explanation.
Rod and cone cells use glutamate as their signal, and they release less glutamate when exposed to light. But as glutamate production declines, other retinal cells speed up the transmission of action potentials to the brain, resulting in more action potentials reaching the brain in light than in darkness.
When exposed to light, do photoreceptors release more neurotransmitters?Increases in light intensity cause photoreceptors to release less glutamate, which lowers the membrane's potential and results in hyperpolarization, while decreases in light intensity cause photoreceptors to release more glutamate, which raises the membrane's potential and results in membrane depolarization.What neurotransmitter are released by rods and cones?Rods and cones produce glutamate as a neurotransmitter. A cation channel is gated by kainate-type glutamate receptors, which are present in some bipolar cells. This receptor responds to glutamate by opening the cation channel.To learn more about neurotransmitters visit:
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question which hormones does the body release under stress? estradiol and luteinizing hormone estradiol and luteinizing hormone estrogen and progesterone estrogen and progesterone epinephrine and norepinephrine epinephrine and norepinephrine insulin and prolactin insulin and prolactin
epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones the body release under stress
What hormone produced by the adrenal gland is involved in the stress response?The adrenal medulla, the innermost region of the adrenal gland, regulates the chemicals that trigger the flight or fight response. The adrenal medulla secretes two primary hormones: epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which have comparable roles.
Cortisol is known as the stress hormone because it is implicated in stress responses. It raises blood sugar, raises blood pressure, and lowers immunological responses.
Cortisol influences various parts of your body, primarily regulating your body's response to stress.
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Answer: epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones the body release under stress
Explanation: When brain go brrr, its makes these chemicals so brain can stop going brrr.
The unicellular glands that directly and specifically secrete mucus are also called ________ cells.
The unicellular glands that directly and specifically secrete mucus are also called goblet cells.
In order words, goblet cells are refers to unicellular glands which directly and specifically secrete mucus.
These goblet unicellular gland cell are of economic importance as they help in the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by producing molecular glycoproteins called mucins.
Unicellular glandsThese are gland which functions only as a single gland and are characteristized by just single cells only.
So therefore, the unicellular glands that directly and specifically secrete mucus are also called goblet cells and are of great economic importance simply because they help in the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by producing molecular glycoproteins called mucins.
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A medical student is trying to visualize how the structures that make up the
valves inside the heart are positioned. Which model would be the most useful
in this situation?
A. A computer model showing the path of a red blood cell through
the body
B. A physical model of the internal parts of the heart
C. A mathematical model showing how blood pressure changes as
the heart beats
D. A conceptual model comparing the heart to a pump
Q: Use the equation for aerobic respiration to explain why the air that you exhale contains more carbon dioxide than the air that you inhale.
The equation:
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
The exhaled air incorporates extra carbon dioxide due to the fact the carbon dioxide produced in the course of respiration is removed out of the frame because the exhaled air throughout the method of respiration.
Whilst we exhale, we breathe out less oxygen but greater carbon dioxide than we inhale. The carbon we breathe out as carbon dioxide comes from the carbon in the food we eat.
For that reason, inhalation is while we take in air containing oxygen. similarly, exhalation is whilst we give out air rich in carbon dioxide. they're the basic process of respiration. expanded muscle hobby manner multiplied use of oxygen, elevated production of glucose-forming ATP and, consequently, elevated ranges of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the blood.
Exhaled air which incorporates: greater carbon dioxide produced as a waste manufactured from energy manufacturing. less oxygen as it has been used in respiration.
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When dna fragments are separated using gel electrophoresis and transferred to a blot it is called a:____.
When DNA fragments are separated using gel electrophoresis and transferred to a blot it is called a southern blot.
In the field of molecular biology, we can define southern blot as a method through which a particular DNA fragment is detected from amongst a DNA sample.
The method of southern blotting has important uses such as the detection of diseases, for finding out a DNA segment in a DNA library.
In the method of southern blotting, the DNA sample is first cut by using restriction enzymes. Then the sample is run by the method of gel electrophoresis due to which the smaller segments move at a faster speed than a larger one along a matrix. The DNA segments are then transferred to a blot. The DNA is marked by a tag, referred to as a probe, using radioactive, fluorescent or any other technique. This tag will allow the detecting of our desired DNA segment when a complementary segment is run referred.
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rearrange the list of structural hierarchy in the body in order of complexity, so that the least complex level is first and the most complex is last.
structural hierarchy in the body in order of complexity, so that the least complex level is first and the most complex is last
Atom, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
The human body's biological functions are preserved at several levels of structural organization. The following levels are included: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal. Organizational hierarchy is built up from lower levels. Therefore, molecules combine to create molecules, molecules create cells, cells create tissues, tissues create organs, organs create organ systems, and organ systems create beings
structural hierarchy is very helpful in studying the characteristics of the organisms.
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Which of the following animals generally has the lowest volume of urine production? a. vampire bat b. salmon in fresh water c. marine bony fish d. freshwater bony fish
The following animals generally has the lowest volume of urine production
c. Marine bony fish
All bony fish have segmented fin rays that are derived from their epidermis and sutures in their neurocranium. Both bony fish and cartilaginous fish have gills for breathing, but the gills of bony fish are protected by a hard, bony plate. Bony fish may also have prominent rays, or spines, in their fins; this characteristic is known as a "operculum".
Bony fish, in contrast to cartilaginous fish, have swim or gas bladders to control their buoyancy. On the other hand, cartilaginous fish require constant swimming to maintain buoyancy.
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The movement of water in and out of the renal tubules can be increased or decreased. the tubular cells are able to do this, by changing the number of water channels, also called?
The movement of water in and out of the renal tubules can be increased or decreased. the tubular cells are able to do this, by changing the number of water channels, also called Aquaporins.
Nephrons are the structural and functiona unit of kidney. It is divided into different parts like glomerulus, proximal convulated tubule, distal convulated tubule, loop of henle and collecting duct which performs different function of urine formation.
Renal tubule is the part of the nephron that consist of proximal convulated tubule, distal convulated tubule, loop of henle.
Renal tubules have water channels called aquaporins which helps in transporting water into the cell. They can increase or decrease the number of water channel to control the concentration of urine.
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Which of the following is not properly paired? a. seminiferous tubule-cervix b. vas deferens-oviduct c. testosterone-estradiol d. scrotum-labia majora
The answer is the seminiferous tubule cervix.
What is a seminiferous tubule?
The seminiferous tubules offer a special setting for the development of germ cells. Germinal components and supporting cells are included in the structures engaged in this process. The Sertoli cells and the basement membrane's peritubular cells are examples of supporting cells. The germinal elements are made up of a population of epithelial cells, including spermatogonia, which proliferate quickly, spermatocytes going through meiosis, and metamorphosing spermatids. The "blood-testis barrier" is another habitat that is produced by the seminiferous tubule. Although the maturing germ cells in the testis are potentially antigenic and identifiable as foreign, no immune reactivity is often seen there. This makes the testis distinctive.
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if you were to take slices of potato and place them in distilled water, what would happen to the cells?
The potato slice cells would swell due to osmosis.
Osmosis is the process by which a solvent moves between two solutions with various solute concentrations over a semipermeable membrane. The solvent is transferred from the solution with the lower solute concentration to the solution with the greater solute concentration during osmosis. The smallest pressure that, when given to the solution phase, prevents the solvent from permeating a semipermeable membrane into the solution is known as osmotic pressure.
Osmosis is primarily driven by the reduction in Gibbs free energy that occurs along with the dilution of the solution. Moving a solvent from a greater solute concentration to a lower solute concentration is the process of reverse osmosis. When hydrostatic pressure exceeds osmotic pressure, this occurs.
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes?.
Answer:
So the primary function of those carbohydrates attached the exterior of the cell is going to be identification of the cell. That's the answer
Explanation:
hopes it help
Predict the number of signals expected in the proton spin decoupled 13c spectrum of p-dibromobenzene (1,4-dibromobenzene).
2 number of signals is expected in the proton spin decoupled 13C spectrum of p-dibromobenzene (1,4-dibromobenzene).
It is well known that the proton spin decoupled 13C spectrum of p-dibromobenzene (1,4-dibromobenzene) should show two signals. However, it has been recently reported that only one signal is observed in this spectrum.
There are two possible explanations for this discrepancy. Firstly, it is possible that the p-dibromobenzene molecule is not actually proton spin decoupled. In this case, the spectrum would only show one signal because the proton and carbon spins would be coupled together.
Alternatively, it is possible that the molecule is proton spin decoupled, but that the 13C signal is very weak and is only detectable when the molecule is in a very high energy state. This would explain why only one signal is observed in the spectrum.
Further experiments are required to determine which of these explanations is correct. In the meantime, it is important to be aware that the proton spin decoupled 13C spectrum of p-dibromobenzene may not show the expected two signals.
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An Indy car travels around the track under the yellow flag at a constant speed of 150 mph. Describe the car's acceleration.
Compared with ³¹P , the radioactive isotope ³²P has a. a different atomic number. b. one more proton. c. one more electron. d. one more neutron.
Compared with ³¹P , the radioactive isotope ³²P has one more neutron.
Radioactive isotopes is an unstable element form which breaks down into simpler form releasing the energy in the form of radiation to become more stable.
They usually have short life span and decay to stable form hence they are present only in small quantities.
Radioactive isotope of P-32 have 15 protons, and 17 neutrons while the common isotope of P-31 have 15 protons and 16 neutrons.
Radioactive P-32 have application in laboratory to label DNA and proteins to treat various diseases.
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The jelly-like substance found within cells that provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions is called ________.
The jelly-like substance found within cells that provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions is called: cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a fundamental part of the cell, it is a jelly-like liquid inside the cell that is located under the cell membrane covering the nucleus. The cytoplasm is composed of the cytosol, the cytoskeleton and organelles.
What is a cell?
A cell is the most basic and smallest form of life that exists in a living being, its parts are the membrane, the cytoplasm and the organelles including the nucleus.
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PLease please please help i really need this
In humans the kidneys control the amount of water, salts and other solutes leaving the body by sieving blood through their millions of twisted tubules. When a person drinks too much water in a short period of time, the kidneys cannot flush it out fast enough and the blood becomes waterlogged. Drawn to regions where the concentration of salt and other dissolved substances is higher, excess water leaves the blood and ultimately enters the cells, which swell like balloons to accommodate it.”
How could the process of osmosis explain this phenomenon? Support your answer with evidence from the text above.
Type your answer in the space below
Water molecules moves from the diluted blood to cells where there are more dissolved solutes across the cell membranes through the process of osmosis.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the process by which water moves across a semi-permeable membrane from regions of low solute concentration to regions of low solute concentration.
The movement of water molecules is down their concentration gradient as the fewer number of solute molecules in one region of results n water molecules moving across the semi-permeable membrane to where there are fewer water molecules.
When an individual takes in water more than the kidney can remove from blood at a given time, the water molecules moves from blood to cells where there are more dissolved solutes across the cell membranes through the process of osmosis.
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