The condensed form of Sb in order of increasing orbital energy is [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³
Sb (Antimony) is a metalloid with atomic number 51. The electronic configuration of antimony is 1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d¹⁰5s²p³
As you can see, the normal notation of electronic configuration is lengthy. Condensed or abbreviated form of the configuration would be preferred to normal lengthy electronic configuration for representation.
In condensed form, in place of completely filled subshells with configuration that is similar to noble gas is represented by the symbol of that particular inert gas / noble gas. The symbol would be represented inside square brackets.
The electronic configuration of Krypton, a noble gas is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶.
Therefore, Sb can be expressed in condensed form as [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³. As observed, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ in Sb is expressed as Kr followed by the remaining electronic configuration in Sb in order of increasing orbital energy.
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The pH of a 1.00 M solution of urea, a weak organic base, is 7.050.
Calculate the Ka of protonated urea.
The Ka value of a protonated base is the acid ionization constant. Which can be calculated from the concentration of H+ ion and the conjugate base. The ka value of protonated urea of the given pH is 7.92 ×10⁻¹⁵.
What is pH ?pH of a solution is the measure of its H+ ion concentration. It is says how much acidic or basic the solution is. If the pH value is 7, then the solution is neutral and if it is less than 7 the solution is acidic. pH value greater than 7 indicates that the solution is basic.
pH of a solution mathematically is the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration. Given that the pH of urea solution is 7.050. Thus its H+ ion concentration is calculated as follows;
-7.050 = log [H+]
[H+] = antilog (-7.050)
= 8.9 × 10⁻⁸
Now when the protonated urea say it as HA is dissociated into its ions H+ and A-, then the ka value is written as;
[tex]Ka = \frac{[H+][A-]}{[HA]}[/tex]
Here, the [H+] and A- ion concentrations are equal and concentration of the solution HA is given 1 M.
Thus, Ka value of protonated urea can be calculated as follows:
Ka = (8.9 × 10⁻⁸)² / (1-[ 8.9 × 10⁻⁸])
= 7.92 ×10⁻¹⁵
Therefore, the acid ionization constant Ka of 1 M protonated urea with a pH of 7.050 is 7.92 ×10⁻¹⁵.
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11) In the reaction 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g), how many moles of O2 are needed to produce 8.46 moles of SO3?
To solve this question, we need to look at the stoichiometric ratio between oxygen and SO₃, which in this case is 1:2
So 1 mole of O2 produces 2 moles of SO3.
Now we can use the rule of 3:
1 mole O2 --- 2 mole SO3
x mole O2 --- 8.46 moles SO3
2x = 1 x 8.46
x = 8.46/2
x = 4.23
Answer: 4.23 moles of O2
which statement is true about about these two solutions, if you compare them to each other: 1m of 100 ml kcl (aq) solution and 1m of 100 ml mgcl2(aq) solution? group of answer choices the mgcl2 solution has a higher amounts of ions. all of correct. the kcl solution has lower conductivity values. the kcl solution has a fewer amount of ions. the mgcl2 solution has higher conductivity values.
All are correct about two solutions of KCl and [tex] MgCl_{2}[/tex].
Both the compounds KCl and [tex] MgCl_{2}[/tex] are ionic compounds. So, they easily dissociate on contact water with constituent ions. KCl dissociates into one cation [tex] {K}^{+} [/tex] and one anion [tex] {Cl}^{-} [/tex]. [tex] MgCl_{2}[/tex] dissociates into one cation [tex] {Mg}^{2+} [/tex] and two anions [tex] {Cl}^{-} [/tex].
So, the KCl solution produces two ions while the [tex] MgCl_{2}[/tex] solution produces three ions. More number of ions means higher amount of charge can be carried at a time and hence higher conductivity will be seen. Likewise, less number of ions in the solution indicates less capacity to conduct electricity. Thus, [tex] MgCl_{2}[/tex] has higher amount of ions thus higher conductivity. Similarly, KCl has lesser amount of ions in the solution thus it has lower conductivity.
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this tank has been set up with cold water on one side and warm water on the other. when the divider is removed and the two water samples are allowed to mix, what is most likely to happen?
Since warm water has more energy than cold water, its molecules move more quickly than those in cold water. Gradually both the water will have same temperature according to Principle of calorimetry.
Heat lost by the hot body = heat gained by the cold body
What is principle of calorimetry?
In a calorimeter, two different types of matter are in contact with one another, ideally a liquid and a solid. Both bodies are also at various temperatures. A higher-temperature object can transfer heat energy to a lower-temperature object thanks to this setup.
Heat transfer does not stop, nevertheless, until there is a state of thermal equilibrium between the bodies. The "rule of conservation of energy," which is represented by the principle of calorimetry, states that the total amount of heat absorbed by the cold object and the total amount of heat released by the hot object are equal.
Since warm water has more energy than cold water, its molecules move more quickly than those in cold water. Gradually both the water will have same temperature
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Select the correct answer. the compound 1-butene is modeled here. a bond line structure of a compound having a structure as follows (h) c (h) double bond c (h) single bond c (h) 2 single bond c h 3. what would need to happen for molecules of this compound to transform into polybutene? a. covalent bonds would need to form between the molecules. b. each molecule would need to gain at least one oxygen atom. c. more double bonds would need to form in each molecule. d. hydrogen atoms would need to be transferred between molecules.
The correct answer is that a) covalent bonds need to form between molecules. The process of polymerization to polybutene doesn't require any of the other given transformations.
The polymerization process of 1-butene to polybutene includes the homolytic cleavage of the double bond and the formation of new covalent bonds between the radical formed and another molecule of 1-butene. This means that there is no need for oxidation (option b), formation of additional double bonds (option c, although the resulting molecule could also undergo polymerization, but it would not result in the formation of polybutene), or exchange of hydrogen atoms between the molecules (option d).
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Answer: A. Covalent bonds would need to form between the molecules.
Explanation: Got 100 on edmentum
what statements are always true about limiting reactants? select one or more: there will be an excess of other reactants at the end of the reaction. the limiting reactant is completely used up in the reaction. the limiting reactant is always the same for a given reaction. the limiting reactant dictates the amount of product. the limiting reactant has a lower mass than other reactants.
There will be an excess of other reactants at the end of the reaction are always true about limiting reactants.
Why do reactants have a limiting effect?The reagent (compound or element) that must be completely consumed in a chemical reaction is known as the limiting reactant. Because there is no more reactant, limiting reactant is also what stops a reaction from continuing.
Limiting factors in stoichiometry are the reagents or reactants that are used by a chemical reaction before other reagents. The reactant or reagent having the lowest supply in relation to its required ratio compared to other reactants within the system is the limiting factor.
A chemical reactant known as a limiting reagent restricts the amount of product that may be produced. Based on the reagents (reactants) at hand, the limiting reagent produces the least amount of product. The theoretical yield refers to this minimum product yield.
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The three isotopes of uranium are ^234<92U ^233<92 and ^232<92U how many proton neutron and electron are present in each isotopes
Answer: protons: 92
electrons: 92
1. neutrons: 234-92 = 142
2. Neutrons- 233-92 = 141
3. Neutrons 232-92= 140
Explanation:
The density of a pure substance is always
the ............ under the same conditions
An physical properly I believe
Explanation: characteristics such as melting point boiling point color ider colored stuff etc all have physical properties
Which statement correctly compares the weight and the mass of an object?
Answer:
Its weight changes based on location, but its mass stays the same.
Explanation:
See attached worksheet.
which of the following will increase the rate of a chemical reaction? increase the temperature at which the reaction occurs. allow the reaction to proceed for a longer time. decrease the concentrations of the reactants. decrease the amount of time in which the reaction is allowed to occur. decrease the temperature at which the reaction occurs.
Option C is correct. reduce reactant concentrations. shorten the time the reaction is allowed to proceed.
The reaction rate normally increases as the temperature rises. With rising temperature, the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules rises. The minimum energy needed for an effective collision will therefore be present in a higher percentage of molecules. With rising temperatures, molecules' kinetic energy rises. The possibility of a reaction rises as molecules move more quickly and collide more frequently. This speeds up the reaction. The average kinetic energy of the individual particles of the system increases with increasing temperature. Particles move faster and collide more often per unit time as the average kinetic energy increases, and they have more energy when they collide. Both of these factors speed up the reaction.
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why we can't add an ion [ H+ ] to [ H3O+ ] ???
tysmmmm
The hydrogen ion, H⁺ cannot be added to a hydronium ion, H₃O⁺ , because the hydronium ion already contains a hydrogen ion.
What are the ions, H⁺ and H₃O⁺?The ions H⁺ and H₃O⁺ are the hydrogen ion and the hydronium ion respectively.
The hydrogen ion, H⁺ is formed when a hydrogen atom loses an electron. The hydrogen ion is known as a proton.
It is produced by acids when they dissociate in solution.
The hydronium ion, H₃O⁺ is formed when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion.
Because a hydrogen ion cannot exist on its own in aqueous solutions, the hydronium ion is the proper representation of the hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions.
Hence, the hydrogen ion H⁺, and the hydronium ion, H₃O⁺ are used interchangeably to represent acids in solution.
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A cobalt atom has 27 protons. What number of neutrons would make a cobaltatom most stable?OA. 54OB. 27OC. 25OD. 32
Answer:
D. 32.
Explanation:
Remember the formula of atomic mass:
[tex]atomic\text{ mass=atomic number+\# neutrons.}[/tex]If you go to see the periodic table, you can note that the atomic mass of cobalt is 58.9 amu rounded to 59 amu. Let's solve for '# neutrons' and replace the atomic mass (59) and the atomic number (27) (remember that the number of protons is the same that the atomic number), like this:
[tex]\begin{gathered} #\text{ neutrons=atomic mass-atomic number,} \\ #\text{ neutrons=59-27,} \\ #\text{ neutrons=32.} \end{gathered}[/tex]The answer would be that the number of neutrons to make a cobalt atom most stable is D. 32.
Question Content Area
How many grams of potassium sulfate would dissolve in 225 g of water to make a saturated solution?
Potassium sulfate has a solubility of 15 g/100 g water at 40°C. A solution is prepared by adding 46 g of potassium sulfate to 225 g of water, carefully heating the solution, and cooling it to 40°C. A homogeneous solution is obtained.
g
At 40°C 12.25 g potassium sulfate would be precipitated
Saturated solutions are those in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved. The solute precipitates out of the solution as more solute is added.
Solubility of potassium sulfate is shown as:
Solubility of potassium sulfate at 40 °C will be 15 g/100 g
It can be understand that at 40 °C 15 g of potassium sulfate would get completely dissolved in 100 of water.
46.0 g of potassium sulfate to 225 g water
Amount of potassium sulfate will get dissolve in 225 g of water at 40 °C will be:
15 g/100g ×225 g = 33.75 g
Amount of potassium sulfate precipitated by the solution can be determined by as follow:
= 39.0 g-33.75 g = 5.25 g
At 40 °C 5.25 g of potassium sulfate will get precipitate out from the solution which means that solution is saturated.
It is given that, the amount of potassium sulfate which is added :
46 g - 33.75 g = 12.25 g.
Therefore, at 40°C 12.25 g potassium sulfate would be precipitated.
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the experiment ph values for the solutions shoudl be fairly good agreement with the theoretical ph values for each of the solutions tested. why? what are some things thay could cause the experimental ph to be different than the theoretical ph
Experimental pH indicates the pH obtained by directly measuring a specific sample with a pH meter.
The main difference between calculated and experimental pH is that calculated pH gives the pH obtained by solving the pH equation whereas experimental pH is measured directly with a pH meter. It is to indicate the value of a particular sample obtained.
Because microorganisms such as bacteria are sensitive to the concentration of hydrogen ions present in the environment, pH results will change over the course of an experiment. pH is affected by larger proteins, including enzymes. pH is a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution while acidity is a qualitative measure of the acidic properties of a solution.
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In two to three sentences, explain the importance of the following in a nuclear reactor:
control rods
containment structure
a moderator
The importance of the following below in a nuclear reactor are:
Control rods - Reaction maintenance.Containment structure - Protection for the environment.Moderator - slows electrons down.What is a Nuclear reactor?This is referred to as the device which is used to start up and control a fission or fusion nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.
The control rod is responsible for the absorption of neutrons so that the nuclear chain reaction taking place within the reactor core can be slowed or stopped. The containment structure help to prevent rays from getting into the environment thereby serving as a protective factor.
The moderator helps to slow down the speed of neutrons especially in those who have a very high speed thereby making it the correct choice.
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suppose you are titrating an acid of unknown concentration with a standardized base. at the beginning of the titration, you read the base titrant volume as 2.75 ml. after running the titration and reaching the endpoint, you read the base titrant volume as 26.18 ml. what volume, in ml, of base was required for the titration?
The volume of the standardized base used in the titration was 23.43 mL.
When performing titration, the volume of the standardized base titrant used in the burette is read first (this value doesn't have to be 0, as it depends on the titrator filling the burette). In this case, this value is 2.75 mL.
During the titration, the titrant level in the burette goes down, and when the endpoint is reached, this level can be read. In this experiment, the final volume is 26.18 mL.
The volume used in the titration is obtained by subtracting the starting value from the final volume:
26.18 mL - 2.75 mL = 23.43 mL
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the law of says, “Energy is neithet created nor destroyed,only transferred or transformed
Answer:
this is Daltons atomic theory
Answer:
this means that energy cannot be created or destroyed
Explanation:
it is because energy can change into many different forms such as heat or nuclear during chemical reactions
an aqueous solution contains three solutes. one liter contains: 0.200 moles of calcium chloride, 0.150 moles of magnesium chloride, and 0.750 moles of sodium chloride. how many grams of cl are there per liter of this solution? a. 39.0 g b. 51.4 g c. 78.0 g d. 80.3 g e. 103 g
Based on the dissociation of each of the given salts, we can calculate that there are b. 51.5 g of chloride ions per liter of the solution.
Each mol of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) dissociates to give 2 moles of chloride ions. The number of moles of chloride ions that comes from calcium chloride is:
2 * 0.200 mol = 0.400 mol
Each mol of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) dissociates to give 2 moles of chloride ions. The number of moles of chloride ions that comes from magnesium chloride is:
2 * 0.150 mol = 0.300 mol
Each mol of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates to give 1 mol of chloride ions. The number of moles of chloride ions that comes from sodium chloride is thus 0.750 mol
The total number of moles (n) of chloride ions in the solution is:
n = 0.400 mol + 0.300 mol + 0.750 mol
n = 1.450 mol
Now, we can use the molar mass of the chloride ion (M = 35.5 g/mol) to calculate the mass (m) of chloride ions in 1 liter of solution:
n = m/M ⇒ m = n*M
m = 1.450 mol * 35.5 g/mol
m = 51.475 g
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you need to prepare 1 l of the acetic acid/acetate buffer. you decided to mix 300 ml of 0.45 m acetic acid acid and 100 ml of 0.65 m naoh plus water to a final volume of one liter. the pka of acetic acid is 4.75. 1. calculate the ph of your buffer solution. 2. naoh is not the conjugate base to acetic acid. explain why you can use naoh to make an effective acetate buffer.
The pH of buffer solution is 4.72.
1) Molarity of acetic acid = 0.45 M
The volume of acetic acid = 300 ml
Molarity of NaOH = 0.65 M
Volume of NaOH = 100 ml
An acidic buffer solution is calculated by using Henderson's equation:
pH = pKa + ㏒[salt] / [acid]
where pKa = 4.75
pH = 4.75 + ㏒[0.065M] / [0.07M]
pH = 4.75 + ㏒(0.929)
pH = 4.75 - 0.03
pH = 4.72
Therefore, the pH of the buffer solution is 4.72.
2) NaOH is not the conjugate base to acetic acid. As we know NaOH is a strong base and acetic acid is a weak acid. Thus, an acid-base reaction occurs between acetic acid and NaOH, thus forming CH₃COONa, which is the conjugate base of acetic acid.
Acidic buffer solution is formed by mixing of weak acid and its conjugate salt of strong base. Thus, NaOH acts as limiting reactant and only CH₃COOH and CH₃COONa is present in solution. Thus, CH₃COOH is weak acid and CH₃COONa is its conjugate salt of strong base forms buffer solution. In the reaction of NaOH and CH₃COOH, NaOH gets completely reacted and forms CH₃COONa. Thus, NaOH is added to make an effective acetate buffer.
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Calculate the number of oxygen atoms is 0.5
Answer:
Therefore the number of oxygen atoms will be. 033 × 10 23 atoms.
You have learnt about the digestive process in both
humans and ruminants. How would you justify the
changes of components of food in the process of
digestion?
Once chewed and swallowed, the food will be digested and absorbed nutrients, while the rest of the food will be excreted through the body's feces. This digestion process can take about 24-72 hours.
How is the digestive process in humans?The process of digestion of food in humans can be divided into two types, namely mechanical digestion and chemical (enzymatic) digestion. Mechanical digestion is the process of changing food from a large or coarse form to a smaller or finer form. The process takes place in the mouth with the help of teeth and tongue. The mechanical digestion process also occurs in the stomach with the help of peristaltic motion of the stomach wall, so that food is like being stirred. While the chemical digestion process is the process of converting food substances from complex forms into simpler forms with the help of digestive enzymes.
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which is a difference between butyne and cyclobutyne? group of answer choices cyclobutyne does not exist. butyne's multiple bond is interior, cyclobutyne is not between interior carbons. cyclobutyne burns much hotter than butyne because of the greater unsaturation. both b and c are differences between the molecules.
Cyclobutyne does not exist. A hydrocarbon molecule called cyclobutyne has a triple bond inside of a ring with four carbon atoms.
Due to its high ring strain, this cycloalkyne is extremely unstable and hasn't been isolated in its purest form.
What is butyne ?Organic compound butyne has the chemical formula HC2CH2CH3. It is a flammable, colourless gas. 1-Butyne takes part in processes that are common for terminal alkynes, such as hydrogenation, condensation with formaldehyde, and alkyne metathesis.
Due of its extremely low torsional barrier and the difficulty in identifying it using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy, 2-butyne is of interest to physical chemists.
Cycloalkenes include cyclobutene. It offers potential for research but no immediate applications. It is an effortlessly condensible colourless gas. In a contemporary synthesis, cyclobutanol is dehydrated twice. The ammonium salt OH was first thermolyzed to create the chemical.
Cycloalkanes are monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons in organic chemistry. To put it another way, all of the carbon-carbon bonds in a cycloalkane's structure are single and it only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms grouped in a configuration with a single ring.
When a cycloalkane has more than 20 carbon atoms, it is often referred to as a cycloparaffin. The isomers of alkenes make up all cycloalkanes.
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Nothing like cyclobutyne exists. Cyclobutyne, a hydrocarbon molecule, features a triple bond inside of a ring made up of four carbon atoms. This cycloalkyne hasn't been isolated in its purest form because of its high ring strain, which makes it very unstable.
Describe butyne.?Butyne is an organic molecule with the formula HC2CH2CH3, according to chemistry. It is a flammable, colorless gas. 1-Butyne takes part in processes that are typical for terminal alkynes, such as hydrogenation, condensation with formaldehyde, and alkyne metathesis.
Because of its very low torsional barrier and the difficulty in locating it using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy, 2-butyne is of interest to physical chemists.
One of the cycloalkenes is cyclobutene. Although it might be studied, there are currently no applications in real life. It is an easily condensable colorless gas. In a contemporary synthesis, cyclobutanol passes through two stages of dehydration. The ammonium salt OH was first thermolyzed to create the chemical.
In organic chemistry, cycloalkanes are monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. To put it another way, a cycloalkane has single carbon-carbon bonds throughout its whole structure.
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Explain FULLY what this symbol means/can tell you ( be sure to talk about numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Chlorine has 17 protons, 17 electrons and 18 neutrons. The atomic number is 17 and the mass number is 35.
Explanations:The given element is Chlorine with an atomic number of 17 and a mass number of 35. The subscript serves as the atomic number while the superscript is the mass number.
The proton number is equal to the atomic number and electron number of a chlorine atom. Therefore;
Proton number = electron number = 17
For the neutron number
Neutron number is the difference between the mass number and the proton number;
Neutron number = Mass number - Proton number
Neutron number = 35 - 17 =18
Hence there are 18 neutron numbers in a chlorine atom
Help! Image attached!
Write the ionic equation
Ba(NO3)₂ (aq) + Na₂S04 (aq).
The argon fluoride (arf) laser used in some refractive eye surgeries emits electromagnetic radiation of 193.3 nm wavelength. what is the frequency of the arf laser's radiation? what is the energy of a single quantum of the radiation?
The frequency of the radiation is 1.6 * 10^15 Hz while its energy is 1.056 * 10^-18 J
What is the frequency?Recall that the electromagnetic radiation is commonly called light. All the members of the electromagnetic spectrum are known to have the speed of light which is 3 * 10^8 m/s. The first task that we have is to obtain the frequency of the electromagnetic wave since we have the wavelength of the wave we seek.
Given that;
frequency = Speed of light/ wavelength
Frequency = 3 * 10^8 m/s/193.3 * 10^-9 m
Frequency = 1.6 * 10^15 Hz
Next we need to obtain the energy of the radiation and we have to do that from;
E = hf
E = energy of the photon
h = Planks constant
f = frequency of the photon
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 1.6 * 10^15 Hz
E = 1.056 * 10^-18 J
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Choose the isotope in each pair that can be used in radiometric dating. Then, explain how you made your selection. (Hint: you'll need a version of the periodic table of elements that includes each element's atomic weight.)
Potassium-41, Potassium-39
Chlorine-35, Chlorine-36
Iodine-129, Iodine-127
The two isotopes that can be used for the process of dating are Potassium-41, Potassium-39.
What is radiometric dating?The term radiometric dating has to do with the process by which the age of a rock can be discovered. We know that rocks that are around us have been around for very many years. As a matter of fact, there are some of the rocks that could be regarded as being as old as the earth could be in itself.
We have to note that one of things that could be regarded as important in the use of any isotope for dating is that isotope must have a long half life. The fact that the isotope has a long half life means that it is able to remain long enough for it to be used in the study of a substance.
We know that most of the rocks are composed of potassium as part of the components of the rock. In that case, if a dating technique would involve the potassium atom then it is likely to be a successful one as it were.
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What is a plasma?
A. A partly melted solid
B. A superheated gas
C. A liquid in which the atoms move back and forth
D. A gas where the atoms are in fixed positions
Answer:
Option B is the right answer.
Which of the following statements about thermal energy is true? As you hold a cup of hot water, the heat moves to your hand. As you hold a cup of cold milk, your hand cools the milk. As you hold a cup of hot water your hands cool the water. As you hold a glass of cold milk, the cold travels to your hand.
Answer: As you hold cold milk.... travels to your hand
Explanation:
Cold and hot are compared to your own body temperature. So yeah that's kind of off topic but yeah. Anyways, to the explanation: so, this can be tested--obviously--by literally doing what the statement says. after you are done holding the milk, you will notice your hand is cold. This is because the milk is cooling down your hand to balance out the temperatures.
Distillation is a process used to separate a mixture of liquids based on different
a. boiling points
b.
densities
freezing points
d. solubilities
Answer:
freezing points hope it helps u
Distillation is a process used to separate a mixture of liquids based on different freezing points. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is distillation ?Distillation is the process of turning a liquid into a vapor, which is then condensed back into a liquid state. The simplest illustration of it is when steam from a kettle condenses into drops of distilled water that are left on a cold surface.
In general, distillation is the process of vaporizing a liquid to its boiling point, then condensing it back into a liquid to separate it from impurities or other solutes.
Among the many industrial uses of distillation are the production of alcoholic drinks, water purification, and oil refining. Distillation is a physical procedure that removes desired pure compounds from an initial source using heat and other techniques.
Thus, option C is correct.
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