DOCUMENT H
"[Despite] the productive enlightenment of this age....very few persons have studied and fought against the cruelty of
punishments and the irregularities of criminal procedures...
Is the death penalty really useful and necessary for the security and good order of society? Are torture and torments
just, and do they attain the end for which laws are instituted?
No man can be called guilty before a judge has sentenced him, nor can society deprive him of public protection before it
has been decided that he has in fact violated the conditions under which such protection was accorded him. What right
is it, then, if not simply that of might, which empowers a judge to inflict punishment on a citizen wihle doubt still
remains as to his guilt or innocence?
The sensitive innocent man will then confess himself guilty when he believes that, by so doing, he can put an end to his
torment...
Caesare Beccaria, "On Crime and Punishments." Marvin Perry, et al, Eds. Sources of the Western Tradition, 3rd Ed., Vol.
II: From the Renaissance to the Present. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1995.

8. What problems in the legal system is Beccaria addressing? In what ways were these ideas radical?

In the 10 years after NAFTA's enactment, from 1994 to 2004 the growth of the united states was growth was faster than in the decade preceding it.

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Question:

In the 10 years after NAFTA's enactment, from 1994 to 2004 the growth of the united states was growth was (slower/faster) than in the decade preceding it.

The question seems incorrect as, there in India existed many strong Empires in every period, from the medieval period, central Asian invaders had formed empires in India, and later on in the said, Modern period

British empire raised significantly in India, in the Ancient to the later medieval period or in even in the modern period there existed strong empires in India.

As in the Ancient to early Medieval period, till the invasions of the central Asians, empires like, Gupta empire, Chola empire others had ruled in India or the Indian subcontinent for  a long time.

The Cholas had created one of the greatest Naval army of the world and considered first empire to establish themselves outside the Indian-subcontinent.

In the Sultanate and Mughals period also the Indian empire was the strongest empire in the world with the strongest economy and largest wealth and resources.

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Answer:

Explanation: The philosophers basically thought the Earth was the center of the universe and the sun and other planets revolved around it before Galileo came and said that the planets actually orbited the sun. This became a public announcement and since Galileo had telescopic proof, he was believed by the public and the philosophers were humiliated.

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Slaves were entitled to land because of their unpaid labor describe by former slaves’ views of land ownership.

With the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865, slavery was abolished, however many people's freedoms were still limited in some respects. Lack of proper papers and records was a common problem among emancipated slaves and their descendants that led to land loss. Due to a lack of or inability to generate these things, they were denied equal access to services and programs that may have helped them secure land and ensure its continued family ownership. Many recently liberated slaves lacked the identification-proving documents they needed, like birth certificates. After being set free, they were able to receive citizenship documents because they had to apply for citizenship. However, this documentation was not regarded as identification verification.

Against this injustice, slaves raised their voices and demanded slave rights to land ownership.

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The Latino & Filipino immigration change over time through:

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The phrase "Towering Genius" is used in reference to Abraham Lincoln speech to refer to a person who "disdains a beaten path. One seeks regions hitherto unexplored. One who sees no distinction in adding story to story upon the monuments of fame erected to the memory of others. One who denies that it is glory enough to serve under any chief."

According to Abraham Lincoln, the Towering Genius is a threat to the perpetuation of constitutional order because he or she seeks fame outside of the constitutional order established by

According to Lincoln, "Nothing fits their goals more than the populist rise of a dissatisfied public, whose frustrations and aspirations they gladly harness in service of their own interests.

Abraham Lincoln warned his audience to beware of the man thirsty for political power. In fact, he might have been speaking subconsciously about himself when he said, “A towering genius despises a beaten path."

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Radio carbon dating and the study of DNA led directly to a rise in archeological science in mid twentieth century.

Radiocarbon dating is a method that provides objective age estimates for carbon-based materials that originated from living organisms. An age could be estimated by measuring the amount of carbon-14 present in the sample and comparing this against an internationally used reference standard.

Archaeogenetic is the study of ancient DNA using various molecular genetic methods and DNA resources. This form of genetic analysis can be applied to human, animal, and plant specimens. The study of ancient DNA has revolutionized archaeology. It is very important.

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Answer:

In the highlands where there was lots of mountains they built earth terraces or steps on the mountain side. This created more flat land for planting. In the swampy lowlands they made raised earth platforms surrounded by canals that drained extra water.

In the text, Benjamin Franklin petitions the senate and the House of Representatives of the United States to abolish slavery. In the context of this text there are numerous ways that people now create changes for example by conducting rallies, protest, and by participating in social events.

There are numerous ways that people now are capable of creating changes in the world or the country they live in. When people feel that their feelings have been hurt or their sentiments have been hurt they express it by performing  protest to pressure the people in power to take back their actions.

With time, it has become easier to participate in activism as people are realizing the power of their words in the society. They now have acknowledged how thinking and speaking up for themselves is important.

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Answer:

B.

Explanation:

The colonial government of Massachusetts had its seat in the Old State House for decades.

There are many ways in which colonial life was different from today's life. The 10 differences are as follows:

Today things in our lives are far better than they were in the colonial time, we have the freedom and rights that everyone deserve. We can get educated, we can vote our leader, we have the freedom to express our thoughts etc.

Of course the life during the time was difficult and thinking about it now makes us feel grateful for all the things we have. It also makes us debited to the freedom fighters and the activists who fought for our freedom.

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Answer: 1. It is important cuz the amendments are based off of them

2.guarantees every American fundamental rights and protection of life, liberty, and property.

Explanation:na

Answer:

7. Far-right white supremacist ideology is on the rise in Europe, North America and Australia. It appeals to a racist notionwhereby many white supremacists see themselves as members of a “pure” race that is at risk of dilution and contamination.

Science does not support the idea of pure races with ancient origins. In the past few years, genetic sequencing of ancient and modern humans and related species has given us a flood of new information about how human populations have evolved.

The evidence reveals a history of ongoing genetic mingling, due to interbreeding between different populations and even species. Humans from different groups had children together, and even with Neanderthals and members of other now-extinct hominin species.

This mingling occurred constantly in the long process of human migration across the globe. Europeans inhabit one region of a large genetic continuum and are no more or less “pure” than any other population.

8. decline of the Roman Empire during the fourth century CE largely resulted in widespread political and economic chaos in western Europe, which endured for the better part of four centuries, a period that, not surprisingly, is referred to as the Dark Ages.

The social chaos, incessant warfare, plagues and general economic instability during that period resulted in a marked reduction in gold mining in the region.

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Because of the significant decline in gold production, the precious metal did not circulate to the extent it had circulated in ancient Greece and Rome. Thus, the inability to use the precious metal as currency compelled the Early Medieval kingdoms to use poor-quality copper-based coinage to conduct small-scale trading transactions.

Only in the Byzantine-controlled areas – basically what was left of the Roman Empire after its collapse in the west – were gold coins still used for trade.

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Any gold that was mined during that period tended to be accumulated in hoards – usually the king’s – and was used for gifts and bribes, and to buy expensive goods.

Gold was also held in high regard by the dominant Catholic church, which considered it a symbol of eternity and light. During the Early Medieval period, it had little material value for the church but was used to visually represent the religious value of its most important objects, including crowns, altars, reliquaries and bibles.

While gold declined in importance during the Early and High Medieval ages, at least as a form of currency, it was swiftly replaced by robust silver coinage. From the eighth century onwards, silver coinage was used widely across Europe as the main form of currency.

Europe was richly endowed with silver-bearing ore deposits, the mining of which was particularly prevalent in Medieval Britain.

Unfortunately, the adoption of silver coinage largely coincided with the Viking Age, which was a period of much pillaging and looting.

Indeed, from the eighth century onwards, the coastal regions of northern and western Europe, as well as Great Britain and Ireland, were subjected to waves of raids by Vikings, whose chief prize was silver coinage.

In fact, it is estimated that some 400 t of silver was either looted or extorted by the Vikings from the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms alone.

By 880 CE, the Vikings had looted Europe’s coinage so effectively that they killed the ‘silver goose’.

After the coastal areas of Europe had been looted to exhaustion, power centres inevitably shifted toward the inner regions of the continent, particularly towards south-east Germany.

The shift in power was given considerable stimulus when, in 938 CE, an enormous silver-, lead- and copper-bearing orebody was discovered at Rammelsberg, in eastern Germany. The deposit proved so rich that the mine continued producing well into the modern era, closing down in 1988, after celebrating its 1 050th anniversary.

Rammelsberg became the single most important source of silver, lead and copper in central Europe during the Middle Ages and, because of the phenomenal tonnages that were yielded from that mine, silver coinage, once again, became increasingly prevalent.

One main concern of the Congress of Vienna was B. The growing democratic sentiment.

The Congress of Vienna was called after Napoleon had been defeated by the European powers and there were discussions to see how the continent would move forward politically.

At the time, Europe was largely controlled by monarchies instead of democratic governments. As a result, these nations were concerned about the growing democratic sentiment which they worried would derail their power.

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Answer:

a. monopolizing raw materials

Explanation:

many colonists travelled to far away lands in search for new materials.

Answer:

There were many traders, missionaries, and settlers who populated the area

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Lacrosse is the games played by native Americans was surrounded by rituals and used as a means to settle disputes among them.

The game of lacrosse that Native Americans played was surrounded by rituals and was used to settle conflicts.

                               Lacrosse was given to mankind as a sort of medicine by the Creator himself, claims Jamieson. "You can use the energy used in lacrosse to scare sickness away from the tribe." The Iroquois, a group of First Nations that included the Mohawks, invented the sport of lacrosse in modern-day Quebec and Michigan.

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The gold and salt trades did African king-doms base their wealth and power.

Algebraic. According to experts studying the history of the African continent, the original ancient name for Africa was Alkeblan. Translated, the name means "mother of mankind" or, according to other sources, "garden of Eden". Alkeblan is a very old word, its origin is indigenous.

North Africa has a large number of black communities, some descended from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of immigrants from the historic trans-Saharan trade and slaves from the trans-Saharan slave trade in North Africa after the Arab invasion of North Africa in the 7th century. In the Great Prophets, terms referring to Africa and Afrikaner appear more than 180 times in him. Kush is also shown as a geographical location.

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False. The eastern Americans and Europeans who emigrated to the west coast in the late 1840s and 1850s were referred to as "Californios" by the established residents.

Spanish-speaking immigrants from Mexico or Spain who choose to settle in California are known as Californios. They had entered California by migration beginning in 1769. Upon arrival, they frequently started prosperous enterprises and discovered that their lives had improved.

Spanish priests were one Californian group who thrived there. The most influential group in California was once thought to be the Spanish priests. In an effort to win people over to Christianity, they frequently constructed missions, or Catholic churches, along California's coast.

The Californios resided in little communities in the area surrounding these missions, where they had quite content lives. Spanish soldiers frequently resided in this region and saw to it that the Californios kept their land.

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answer:

the midwest

explanation:

because they are largely landlocked, making the importing of oil from domestic/foreign seas more difficult.

The correct alternative is letter B. It would make it easier for Americans to export goods to Europe. This being why finding a water route to the Pacific Ocean was important.

The establishment of the St. Louis to the Pacific was essential for trade between the USA and Great Britain.

Therefore, the discoveries of water routes to the Pacific were important in a period when there was a strengthening of trade between nations and the development of American society.

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Answer:  Mercantilism is the belief that importing goods is bad as it transfers gold and wealth abroad. In turn, mercantilists use trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, and regulations to prevent imports and ensure a positive trade balance.

In the mid-eighteenth century the 1750s, American colonial representative assemblies exercised a significant degree of authority to levy taxes.

The colonial assemblies aware of activities in England, attempted to say their rights and liberties. by way of the early 18th century, the colonial legislatures held tremendous powers much like those held by means of the English Parliament: the proper to vote on taxes and expenses, and the proper to provoke regulation English colonists in us wanted to have a say in the regulation governing them so they formed their personal elected assemblies.

The first key power the colonial assemblies held became their management of the finances by using the usage of their proper to vote on taxes and expenses. they also exerted leverage on the royal governors by means of controlling their salaries. the second one key energy the colonial assemblies held changed into the energy to initiate legislation. In every colony, the assembly becomes elected by using property owners. In-home topics the colonies were in large part self-governing but, the British government did exercise veto electricity over colonial law.

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