A substance made up of only one kind of atom is called

The volume of 3.75 moles of oxygen gas at STP is 84.05L.

The volume of a gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law equation as follows:

PV = nRT

Where;

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), the temperature and pressure of an ideal gas is 273K and 1 atm respectively.

1 × V = 3.75 × 0.0821 × 273

V = 84.05L

Therefore, 84.05L is the volume of the ideal oxygen gas.

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The final volume of the gas is 9L

Volume is the space occupied within the boundaries of an object in three dimensional space

Ideal gas equation establishes a relation between pressures, volumes, and temperatures of different conditions

Using the ideal gas equation

PV = nRT .....1

Ideal gas equation for initial condition will be:

PV = nRT......2

Ideal-Gas Equation for final conditions will be:

(P/3)X = nR(T/2)

On dividing equation 1 and 2

PV = nRT / (P/3)X = nR(T/2)

3V/X = 2

X = 3V/2

Putting the value of V = 6L

X =  3(6L)/2 = 9L

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The balanced reaction equation for this transformation looks like this:

2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl₃(aq) + 3H₂(g)

In order to write the balanced reaction equation for this redox reaction, we must first write what we know. Aluminum metal is solid (Al(s)), and it is reacting with aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)). When elemental metals react with acids, this results in the formation of appropriate salts (in this case aluminum chloride, that will be dissolved in water, so AlCl₃(aq)) and elemental gaseous hydrogen (H₂(g)):

Al(s) + HCl(aq) → AlCl₃(aq) + H₂(g)

This reaction equation isn't balanced because we have different numbers of atoms for every element on the left and the right side (except for Al). The easiest way to begin balancing is to notice that chlorine atoms will be balanced if we add 3 in front of HCl:

Al(s) + 3HCl(aq) → AlCl₃(aq) + H₂(g)

However, we can see now that 3HCl cannot possibly produce the H₂ molecule. The smallest common multiple of 3 and 2 is 6, so we should have 6 hydrogen atoms on each side:

Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → AlCl₃(aq) + 3H₂(g)

To balance the chlorine atoms we add 2 in front of AlCl₃, and then 2 in front of Al to balance aluminum, arriving at the balanced reaction equation:

2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl₃(aq) + 3H₂(g)

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Option B: Apply some sodium bicarbonate to the gloves to neutralize them in order to address this potentially dangerous condition with hydrochloric acid.

Muriatic acid, another name for hydrochloric acid, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. It's a really dull response with a strong odor. It is currently classified as a powerful acid. It is a component of stomach acid in the digestive systems of the majority of animal species, including humans.

In the food, textile, metallurgical, and rubber industries, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is typically employed as a bleaching agent to neutralize alkaline marketers. It quickly hydrolyzes when exposed to water and is far neutralized when released into the soil.

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Explanation:

Hydrogen bonds with carbon 4 times, carbon bonds with itself once, and oxygen bonds with itself 3 times.

Energy of reactants:

E = 4 * 413 + 347 + 3 * 495

= 3484kJ/mol

Answer:

Energy transferred in = 3484kJ/mol

Prior to the industrial revolution, the previous highest level of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere over the prior 400,000 years was 300 ppm.

Before the Industrial revolution, the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere was lesser as there was not much carbon dioxide waste that was produced. The highest level of carbon dioxide recorded in the air was 300 ppm at that time.

After the industrial revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide increased. We can see the carbon dioxide concentrations to reach as high as 1.5 trillion tons today. This is because the formation of industries has been increasing since then which produces a lot of waste carbon dioxide.

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Answer:The yellow crystalline substance is a compound. The green gas and red powder are elements.

Explanation

Elements and compounds are considered pure substances. Elements are made up of a single type of atom while compounds are composed of two or more elements. One example of a compound is the table salt (NaCl) which is made up of one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine. The elements in the compound are combined chemically and there is a definite ratio of these elements. They are formed by a chemical reaction where chemical bonds are formed. Furthermore, the components of the compound can be separated through several means such as extraction, distillation, etc. The process of heating the yellow crystalline substance resulted in the separation of its components namely, the green gas and red powder.

The main assumption to make is that the density of 5% vinegar is equal to the density of water. Then, for the purposes of the calculation, it is easiest to assume a certain volume of 5% vinegar is used. With these assumptions, we can calculate that the molarity of the solution is 0.83 M.

To calculate the molarity (c) of the solution, we need the number of moles (n) of solute and the volume (V) of the solution:

c = n/V

If we assume that we have 100 mL of 5% vinegar and that its density (d = 1.00 g/mL) is equal to the density of water, we can calculate the mass of the solution (m) using its density and volume (V = 100 mL = 0.100 L):

d = m/V ⇒ m = d*V

m = 1.00 g/mL * 100 mL

m = 100 g

Now we can use the mass and mass percentage (%m = 5% = 0.05) to calculate the mass of acetic acid (AcOH) present:

m(AcOH) = %m * m(solution)

m(AcOH) = 0.05 * 100 g

m(AcOH) = 5 g

Using the mass of AcOH we can calculate the number of moles (n) present by using the molar mass of AcOH (M = 60 g/mol):

n = m/M

n = 5 g / 60 g/mol

n = 0.083 mol

Finally, we calculate the molarity:

c = 0.083 mol / 0.1 L

c = 0.83 M

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Answer:

Explanation:It is given that burning one mole of caffeine gives heat.

The given mass of caffeine is 5g.

Molar mass of caffeine can be calculated as shown below.

Calculate the number of moles of caffeine burned as follows:

Q = mc ΔT

0.0258 ×4.96 × 103 × 284.37

= 3.64 × 104J/°C

Answer:  D- average change in plant height, divided by, the number of days.

(i had to look up the test you were talking about to find what the answer choices were.)

Hope this helps!

Answer

The Ozone Layer

Explanation

Higher up, in the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs solar ultra-violet radiation and affects how much of the Sun's heat is radiated back into space. The ozone layer shields us from the harmful effects of excessive UV radiation, which can lead to sunburn, skin cancer and eye damage.

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The predominant chemical species affecting the pH is H₃O⁺, but the pH value of the resulting solution is actually 1.26.

To calculate the pH value of the resulting solution we need the number of moles of H⁺ ions (n) and the volume of the solution (V). The volume is easy - it is the sum of the volumes of the barium hydroxide solution (13.90 mL = 0.01390 L) and the hydrochloric acid solution (45.00 mL = 0.04500 L)

V(total) = V(Ba(OH)₂) + V(HCl)

V(total) = 0.01390 L + 0.04500 L = 0.05890 L

Now we need to calculate the number of moles of H⁺ (H₃O⁺) ions. The number of moles of H⁺ ions in the HCl solution is:

n(H⁺) = c(HCl) * V(HCl)

n(H⁺) = 0.300 M * 0.04500 L = 0.0135 mol

On the other hand, the number of moles of OH⁻ ions is double the number of moles of barium hydroxide, because 1 mol of barium hydroxide releases 2 moles of OH⁻ ions:

n(OH⁻) = 2 * c(Ba(OH)₂) * V(Ba(OH)₂)

n(OH⁻) = 2 * 0.370 M * 0.01390 L = 0.010286 mol

The number of moles of H⁺ ions is greater than the number of moles of OH⁻ ions, so after the neutralization, we will have an excess of H⁺ ions:

n(H₃O⁺) = n(H⁺) - n(OH⁻)

n(H₃O⁺) = 0.0135 mol - 0.010286 mol = 0.003214 mol

We can now finally calculate the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions in the final solution:

c(H₃O⁺) = n(H₃O⁺) / V(total)

c(H₃O⁺) = 0.003214 mol / 0.05890 L = 0.05457 M

From this, we can find the pH value of the solution:

pH = -log(c(H₃O⁺))

pH = -log(0.05457)

pH = 1.26

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The Conduction and Convection Gizmo shows two flasks of colored water, one blue and one yellow. Select Copper and Solid chunk from the dropdown lists his means the two flasks are separated by a solid piece of copper, and the two liquids cannot touch each other then temprature tries to become the even/leveled

Conduction is the process to transfer heat from one substances to another by direct contact and convention means a rise and sink due to temprature and density differences this is called convention and when  two flasks are separated by a solid piece of copper, and the two liquids cannot touch each other then to use the sliders to make one flask hotter than other and the temprature tries to become the even/leveled

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Answer:

yes, they are ph sensitive

Explanation:

Plants and animals are known to show growth sensitive to pH. pH is known as the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. For example, plants are known to be growth sensitive to the pH of the soil. Plants need an optimum pH of soil for their growth, hence, showing growth dependence on soil pH.

When aqueous lead (II) nitrate and aqueous potassium iodide are added to a dish containing water, diffusion occurs before the formation of yellow precipitate.

Diffusion is a process involving the movement of molecules to the region of lower concentration from the region of higher concentration.

When aqueous lead (II) nitrate and aqueous potassium iodide are added to a dish containing water, the compounds would dissociate into ions. Immediately after the dissociation, the ions would start to diffuse through the molecules of water to lower concentration.

After diffusion, the yellow compound lead iodide would form from the reaction between iodide ions in potassium iodide and lead ions from lead nitrate. The yellow compound would later precipitate out of the solution.

The reaction involved between the compound result in potassium nitrate and lead iodide

Lead nitrate (aq) + Potassium iodide (aq) → Lead iodide (yellow precipitate) + Potassium nitrate

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Acetyl-co A containing radioactively labeled carbon atoms when fed to cells produce Co2 which are not radioactive but molecules of citrate and oxalo acetate are radioactive because citrate and oxalo acetate are part of the Krebs Cycle, which is responsible for generating energy in cells.

The Krebs Cycle involves a series of reactions in which acetyl-co A is broken down to generate energy. The carbon atoms in acetyl-co A are gradually transferred to other molecules in the cycle, including citrate and oxalo acetate. As the carbon atoms are transferred, they become radioactive. Eventually, the carbon atoms are transferred to Co2, which is then released from the cells.

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The white precipitate formed is lead iodide (PbI₂) of mass 131.38g

The term "precipitation reaction" may be described as "a chemical response taking place in aqueous solution wherein ionic bonds integrate to shape an insoluble salt". These insoluble salts fashioned in the course of precipitation reactions are referred to as precipitates. Precipitation reactions are normally double displacement reactions with the formation of stable residues referred to as precipitates.

One of the first-class examples of precipitation reactions is the chemical response among potassium chloride and silver nitrate, which precipitates stable silver chloride. This is an insoluble salt fashioned as a made from precipitation reactions. The chemical components for this precipitation response is proven below.

AgNO3(aqueous) + KCl(aqueous) —–AgCl(precipitate) + KNO3(aqueous)

For the given case,

The balanced reaction is as follows:

Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2KI (aq) → 2KNO₃ (aq) + PbI₂ (s)

This tells us that for every mole of lead iodide (PbI₂) produced, it requires 2 moles of potassium iodide (KI).

If you have 0.57 mole of KI, they will produce: 0.57/2 = 0.285 mol of PbI₂

Number of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]

mass of lead iodide (PbI₂)  = Number of moles × molar mass

Mass of lead iodide = 0.285 × 461.01

Mass of lead iodide = 131.38g

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The empirical formula of the compound is CH₂O, and the molecular formula of the compound is C₂H₄O₂.

All of the carbon in the compound is converted into carbon dioxide (14.35 g) and all the hydrogen in the compound is converted to water (5.876 g). This means that we can use these masses to find the masses of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the original compound.

First, we calculate the mass of carbon in carbon dioxide and the mass of hydrogen in water, using their respective molar masses (M(CO₂) = 44 g/mol; M(H₂O) = 18 g/mol):

12 g of carbon : 44 g of carbon dioxide = X : 14.35 g of carbon dioxide

X = 12 g of carbon * 14.35 g of carbon dioxide / 44 g of carbon dioxide

X = 3.914 g of carbon

2 g of hydrogen : 18 g of water = X : 5.876 g of water

X = 2 g of hydrogen : 5.876 g of water / 18 g of water

X = 0.6529 g of hydrogen

Because the compound contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, we can now calculate the mass of oxygen in the compound:

m(O) = m(sample) - m(C) - m(H)

m(O) = 9.791 g - 3.914 g - 0.6529 g

m(O) = 5.224 g

Now we use these masses to calculate the number of moles (n) for each of the elements, using their respective molar masses (M(C) = 12 g/mol, M(H) = 1 g/mol, M(O) = 16 g/mol):

n = m/M

n(C) = m(C) / M(C)

n(C) = 3.914 g / 12 g/mol

n(C) = 0.3284 mol

n(H) = m(H) / M(H)

n(H) = 0.6529 g / 1 g/mol

n(H) = 0.6529 mol

n(O) = m(O) / M(O)

n(O) = 5.224 g / 16 g/mol

n(O) = 0.3265 mol

We divide each of these amounts by the smallest of them (0.3265 mol) to obtain the molar ratio of the elements:

carbon: 0.3284 mol / 0.3265 mol = 1.006

hydrogen: 0.6529 mol / 0.3265 mol = 2.000

oxygen: 0.3265 mol / 0.3265 mol = 1.000

These integers are indexes in the empirical formula of the compound - CH₂O

The molar mass of this empirical formula is:

12 g/mol + 2 * 1 g/mol + 16 g/mol = 30 g/mol

We divide the molar mass of the compound by the molar mass of the empirical formula:

60.05 g/mol / 30 g/mol = 2.002

So, we multiply the indexes by 2 to obtain the molecular formula - C₂H₄O₂

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When they talk about items found, they refer to molecules. According to Avogadro, one mole of any substance, regardless of its type, contains the same amount of molecules equal to 6.022x10^23.

Now they tell us about a molecule of silver and a mole of calcium. In one mole of calcium, there will be 6.023x10^23 molecules, which is different from one molecule of silver, so the answer will be false

The correct chemical formula of magnesium bromide is MgBr₂.

Ionic bonds are formed by transfer of electrons between metal and non metals.

Electronic configuration of magnesium:

[Mg] :12 : 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²

Magnesium atom will lose two electron to gain noble gas configuration and form magnesium cation with +2 charge.

[Mg²⁺] : 1s², 2s², 2p⁶

Electronic configuration of bromine:

[Br] :  35 : 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁵

Bromine atom will gain one electron to gain noble gas configuration and form bromide ion with -1 charge.

[Br⁻] : 36 : 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁶

In magnesium bromide, two electrons from metal gets transferred to bromine atom and thus form an ionic bond to give  MgBr₂.

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For  a penny having mass 2.5559g dissolved in hno3 and solving from the process as given in the question we get that the penny has 2.64% of copper (Cu) by mass in it

Mass of penny mp = 2.5559g

concentration of Cu in solution = 1.06 * 10^(-2) mol/L

therefore 100ml diluted solution has

n = 1.06*10^(-2) * 100 / 1000 = 1.06 * 10^(-3) mol of copper

The molecular weight of copper mw = 63.5 g/mol

mass of copper Mcu = n * mw(molecular weight of copper)

⇒Mcu = 1.6 * 10^(-3) mol * 63.5 g/mol

⇒Mcu = 0.06731 g

Percentage by mass of copper in the penny, P= (Mcu/ mp)* 100%

⇒ P = (0.06731/2.5559)* 100 %

⇒P = 2.64%

∴There is 2.64% copper by mass in the penny

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On moving from places of high elevation to a place of low elevation, the atmospheric pressure increases as the amount of air over unit area increases.

Pressure is defined as the force applied on an object perpendicular to it's surface per unit area over which it is distributed.Gauge pressure is a pressure which is related with the ambient pressure.

There are various units by which pressure is expressed most of which are derived units which are obtained from unit of force divided by unit of area . The SI unit of pressure is pascal .

It is a scalar quantity which is related to the vector area element with a normal force acting on it.It is distributed over solid boundaries and across arbitary sections of fluid normal to the boundaries at every point.

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The molarity of the silver nitrate solution in the 200.00 mL flask is 0.22856 M.

To calculate the molarity of the solution in the 200.00 mL flask, we must need the number of moles present and the volume (200.00 mL = 0.20000 L).

To obtain the number of moles present, we can calculate the mass of AgNO₃ in the 200.00 mL sample and then use the molar mass of silver nitrate (M = 169.87 g/mol) to calculate the number of moles.

So, if there's 97.364 g of silver nitrate in the 1000.00 mL flask, we can use a simple proportion to calculate the mass present in 79.763 mL:

97.364 g : 1000.00 mL = X : 79.763 mL

X = 97.364 g * 79.763 mL / 1000.00 mL = 7.7660 g

This same mass is present in the final 200.00 mL solution, as it is merely diluted. So, we can now calculate the number of moles (n) of silver nitrate:

n = m/M

n = 7.7660 g / 169.86 g/mol

n = 0.045712 mol

Finally, we can use this to calculate the molarity (c) of the final solution:

c = n/V

c = 0.045712 mol / 0.20000 L = 0.22856 M

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Answer:

as they use multiple bulbs in conjunction chandeliers don't need higher watt bulbs and are usually not used as often as other lights  

Explanation:

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The explanation of Figures A and B to do or do not show work being done is given below:

He is using energy to lift the books in picture A, which takes both force and motion to do so. In figure B, the books move along with him, and as such only effort is used to carry them. Hence, he is doing work only in Figure A.

The examples are:

The sum of the displacement and the component of the applied force of the object in the displacement direction is the work done by a force. Work is accomplished when we push a block with some force; the body moves more quickly.

Work completed is noted as an object must be subjected to a force and move in the direction of the force in order for work to be done on it.

Therefore, It should be converted to energy in order to move an object. Energy can be transferred by the use of force. This amount of energy that is delivered when a force is used to move an object is known as work that is done.

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According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of potassium permanganate produces 5 moles or oxidizes 5 moles of sulphite to sulphate ions. As a result, there are 0.639 moles of potassium.

In alkaline solution, KMnO4 reduces to green K₂MnO₄: 4 KMnO₄ + 4 KOH 4 K₂MnO₄ + O₂ + 2 H₂O. This reaction exemplifies hydroxide's uncommon role as a reducing agent. Mn₂O₇ is formed when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to potassium permanganate. One mole of KMnO₄ requires 5 moles of electrons in an acidic medium. Multiply equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by 3 to balance the number of electrons. In an acidic medium, five moles of ferrous oxalate are oxidized by three moles of KMnO₄.

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.

Answer:

COCl2 Phosgene

Explanation:

(B) Atomic nuclei would fly apart if strong force did not exist.

The nucleus occupies a small fraction of the atomic volume and contains the number of protons and neutrons characteristic of a particular isotope. Electrostatic repulsion forces normally cause positively charged protons to repel each other, but the nuclei do not fly off due to the strong nuclear force, the very strong but very short-range attraction between nucleons.

All stable nuclei except hydrogen have at least one neutron to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between protons. As the number of protons in the nucleus increases, the number of neutrons required for a stable nucleus increases even faster. If there are too many protons (or too few neutrons) in the nucleus, the forces will be unbalanced and the nucleus will become unstable.

Strong nuclear forces are sometimes simply called strong forces or strong interactions. This force is strong enough to overcome the repulsive force between her two positively charged protons, allowing protons and neutrons to stick together in an unimaginably small space.

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Answer:

15

Explanation:

Number of atoms of Mg = 3

Number of atoms of O = 3 × 2 = 6

Number of atoms of H = 3 × 2 = 6

So, total atoms = 3 + 6 + 6 = 15