A long structure leaving the cell body that action potential travel along is called the Axon
The long, thin design in which action potentials are generated; the transmitting part of the neuron. After initiation, action possibilities travel down axons to cause release of neurotransmitter.
What is the extended elongation of a neuron called?
Neurons have a large digit of extensions called dendrites. They often look likes branches or spikes growing out from the cell body. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical news from other neurons. One extension is distinct from all the others, and is called the axon.
What are cell body myelin sheath and axon?
Axons range in length from a fraction of an inch to several feet. In some axons, glial cells form a fatty substance understood as the myelin sheath, which covers the axon and acts as an insulator, improving the speed at which the signal crosses.
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the hypothalamic sensors are responsive to changes in blood , whereas the arterial baroreceptors and juxtaglomerular apparatuses are responsive to changes in blood .
The hypothalamic sensors are responsive to changes in blood osmolality, whereas the arterial baroreceptors and juxtaglomerular apparatuses are responsive to changes in blood volume.
What does the hypothalamus control?Your body temperature, hunger, thirst, mood, sex desire, blood pressure, and sleep are all controlled by the hypothalamus.What are the hypothalamus's seven functions?Despite being quite small, the hypothalamus is essential for numerous vital processes, including the release of hormones.keeping physiologic cycles daily.regulating appetite.control over sexual conduct.regulating bodily temperature and emotional reactions.What controls the body's energy?Several physiological signals that provide information about energy balance are integrated by the human brain, in particular the hypothalamus, to regulate energy homeostasis and produce the sensation of hunger.To learn more about hypothalamus visit:
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How does the change in ACTH levels between 1:00 and 6:00 a.m. for the surprise protocol compare to that for the short and long protocols? Does this result support the hypothesis being tested? Explain.
The change in ACTH levels between 1:00 am and 6:00 am during the surprise protocol was comparable to the long protocols when compared to the short and long procedures.
The change in ACTH levels post-waking was assessed using samples collected at awakening and 30 minutes later. 15 healthy people in their mid-20s were observed by researchers over the course of three nights.
Every participant was informed whether they would be awakened at 6:00 or 9:00 am each morning. The participants went to bed at midnight. Both the "short" and "long" protocol groups were awakened simultaneously.
Humans produce more adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) during the late stages of normal sleep, with the peak production occurring just before spontaneous awakening.
In response to stressful circumstances, the human body releases the hormone ACTH.
Based on the findings of the experiment, the long procedure for waking up was projected at 9 am, and the actual awakening time was 9 am. In a nutshell, the short protocol called for getting up at 6 am, and that's exactly when people actually woke up.
Therefore, nothing was altered. However, at 6:00 am, those involved in the surprise routine were awakened. At 9:00 am, they anticipated being startled and subjected to protracted processes.
The results suggest that ACTH secretion occurs before to actual awakening rather than at the time of expected waking.
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Compare the composition, structure, and function of starch and cellulose. What role do starch and cellulose play in the human body?
A tough layer of vascular connective tissue, called the ______________________, covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons.
A tough layer of vascular connective tissue, called the Periosteum, covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons.
What is vascular connective tissue?It is a type of tissue that is accountable for the transportation in the animal's body. It is also anointed fluid connective tissue. It maintains continuity in the animal body by combining different parts of the body. It has two kinds, and they are blood and lymph.
What is an representative of vascular connective tissue?
Blood: It is a sticky, thick, and saltish vascular connective tissue. It is also named red vascular connective tissue because it is red-colored. It consists of two components that are blood cells and blood plasma.
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does temperature affect the number of drops needed for surface tension on a penny.
A characteristic of liquids is surface tension. Surface tension refers to a liquid's limited capacity to resist an external force.
Even though they may be much denser than the liquid, we see items float on liquids and insects walk on lakes' surfaces due to surface tension. Van der Waal forces produce surface tension. Van der Waal forces are referred to as inter-molecular forces because they exist between the molecules of a single substance, such as water.
With an increase in temperature, the surface tension falls. The critical temperature of the liquid is the temperature at which the surface tension of the liquid is zero.
Key factors affecting Surface tension:
Temperature ↑ surface tension ↓Critical temperature Surface tension: ZeroThe critical temperature of the water is 3744KIncrease with impurity.Learn more about Surface Tension here:
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Consider the effect of adding potassium or chloride channels to the membrane in (b). How would the membrane potential be affected in each case?
Potassium or chloride channels to the membrane in the resting membrane potential became less negative.
The passage of ions into and out of the cell and across the membrane is related to the way that impulses are conveyed along nerve cells, which are also referred to as neurons.
All ions are electrically charged, either negatively or positively. A potential is actually just a charge differential. As a result, the membrane potential is a voltage-based measurement of the differential in charge across the nerve cell membrane.
When the nerve cell is at rest and not transmitting an impulse, this charge differential is known as the resting membrane potential.
A nerve impulse is communicated via the passage of ions into the cell. Since a nerve impulse involves a change in charge brought on by the passage of charged ions into and out of a cell across a membrane, it is also referred to as a nerve action potential.
The resting membrane potential will become less negative as the number of potassium ions presents extracellularly rises.
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What is the characteristic of phospholipids that allows them to form double-layered membranes spontaneously?
The characteristic of phospholipids that allows them to form double-layered membranes spontaneously is due to hydrophobic nature provided by the fatty acids and hydrophilic nature provided by the phosphate heads.
the phospholipids present in the cell membrane consist of glycerol backbone which is esterified to fatty acids, a phosphate group and a hydrophilic residue.
Whenever the phosopholipids comes in contact of aquatic environment the the phosphate group that is hydrophilic will come into contact with the water molecules while the hydrophobic part which consist of fatty acids come towards each other.
Hence they align in two layers with hydrophilic phosphate pointing outside and hydrophobic fatty tail pointing inside.
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Choose all that apply below to RNA:
double helix
single strand helix
contains thymine
contains uracil
contains adenine
contains cytosine
contains guanine
contains the original code to make proteins
takes the original code out of the nucleus and translate it into proteins
Answer:
RNA is a single strand helix and contain adenine uracil cytosine and guanine.RNA takes the original code from DNA and translate this code into proteins
Telomerase activity is most likely to be found in which cells in humans? red blood cells muscle cells neurons germ line any type of somatic cell
Telomerase activity is most likely to be found in which cells in humans in germ cells.
In humans, telomerase activity refers to the life stages of a man's body.
The role of telomerase is really crucial in humans as it plays a key role in the growth of tumors and the immortalization of cells.
During the development phase, the activity is highly regulated and controlled.
Moreover, it also provides stability to the genome cells in highly immortal and tumor cells by maintaining the uprightness of the chromosomes.
It also plays a very critical role in aging and cell fate.
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Why is a temperature of 106 dangerous?
Answer:
Hyperpyrexia, or fever of 106°F or higher, is a medical emergency. If the fever is not lowered, organ damage and death can result.
Explanation:
Answer: A fever of 106°F or higher, is very dangerous because if it is not lowered, organ damage and death can result.
Explanation:
the role of Ca²⁺ in the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber and a smooth muscle cell.
Ca2+ is essential for the excitation-contraction coupling process in skeletal muscle fibres, which produces the action potential of the muscle fibre, as well as numerous other processes, including fibre type switching, myosin-actin cross-linking, protein synthesis, protein degradation, mitochondrial adaptations, plasticity, and respiration.
What is Skeletal and smooth muscles ?Your whole body weight is made up of 30 to 40 percent skeletal muscles. They are the muscles that attach to your bones and give you the range of motion and abilities. Since skeletal muscles are voluntary, you have control over when and how they contract.
The body contains smooth muscle, which performs a number of different tasks. It aids in digestion and nutrient absorption in the stomach and intestines. It is present throughout the urinary system, where it aids in maintaining electrolyte balance and detoxifying the body of pollutants.Learn more about Skeletal muscles here:
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive irrigation in arid regions causes salts to accumulate in the soil. (When water evaporates, salts that were dissolved in the water are left behind in the soil.) Based on what you learned about water balance in plant cells, explain why increased soil salinity (saltiness) might be harmful to crops.
Water leaves the plant cells and they become flaccid.
What happens when salt enters into the cells?We know that osmosis refers to the movement of solvent from the region where the solvent molecules are at lower concentration, the the region where the solvent molecules are at higher concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
Now, the cells have water in them. When salt gets into the cell, the salt becomes more concentrated (hypertonic) than the cell. This would make water to leave the cell and get into the incoming salt water.
As such, as water leaves the plant cells, the plant cells would become flaccid.
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Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category? a. hair cell-mechanoreceptor b. muscle spindle-mechanoreceptor c. taste receptor-chemoreceptor d. olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor
Answer: B
Explanation:
What is the population growth rate from 1850 to 1970?
In words, describe how the data differ between the unlimited water and no-water conditions for the following:
(d) Urea concentration in blood
When there is limitless water availability compared to no water scenario, the urea concentration in blood is lower.
What is Homeostasis?Biology's definition of homeostasis is the capacity or propensity of a body or cell to seek for and maintain an equilibrium state, or a stable internal environment, while adjusting to changes in the environment. In order to maintain a constant internal environment, it uses feedback controls and other regulatory processes. It can be seen as a live organism's ability to maintain itself within the ideal range despite changing external factors.
Describe the differences in the data for the following between the situations of unlimited water and no water in words about blood urea concentration?Homeostasis refers to the body's capacity to maintain general functionality by fending off changes that cause a reaction and restore the system to a steady, ongoing state of optimal functioning.
Controlling body temperature, maintaining proper blood pressure, and regulating water levels are a few instances of homeostasis.
When there is infinite water available, the blood's urea concentration is lower; when there is no water available, it is higher.
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Where are chromosomes that contain dna found? inside a person’s genes on the outside of a gamete in the nucleus of a cell around the double helix structure
The chromosomes that contain DNA are found inside the cell nucleus (in eukaryotic organisms).
What are chromosomes?The chromosomes can be defined as linear fragments of DNA of an organism that contain specific sequences of nucleotides that determine gene sequences and they are found within the cell nucleus.
Chromosomes are fragments of the genome, they are located in the cell nucleus where transcription of genes and subsequent use of these transcripts (mRNAs) during translation leads to the production of proteins.
In conclusion, the chromosomes that contain DNA are found inside the cell nucleus (in eukaryotic organisms).
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Answer:
nucleus
Explanation:
cause i said
When scientists were trying to determine the molecule that can transform non-virulent bacteria into virulent bacteria, they found that a cell extract treated with rnase could still transform the cells. Why was this?.
Answer:
This question seems to be a little confusing but we can say.
Explanation:
Only the RNas-treated extracts using heat-killed cells are incapable of turning nonvirulent bacteria towards virulent ones.
Scientists conducted an experiment to discover Griffith's "transforming principle," which describes how transformation is indeed a method of recombining, transmitting, or even transferring genetic information across organisms either from one species to the next. They did this by using heat-inactivated cells & purifying their transforming factor.
As in experiments conducted by the scientists, the pure cells did not provide favorable outcomes, but they did show transformants that were quite close to DNA. A scientist Avery, meanwhile, had his doubts that the outcome must be revised because the molecule did not contain DNA. This happens due to the transforming principle being unaffected by RNA degrading enzymes, whereas the only one cell extracts that can prevent the transformation of non-virulent bacteria onto virulent bacteria are those that have been treated with RNas.
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recall from the video the steps of how to make a wet mount of cheek epithelial cells. place the steps of how to prepare a wet mount in the correct order from left to right.
Epithelial cells are the cells that cover the inside and outside of your body's surfaces. They can be located on your skin, blood vessels, and organs such as your urinary tract.
What does it mean if my epithelial cells are high?If urinalysis findings show a moderate or high number of epithelial cells, it may indicate the following medical conditions: Kidney illness Liver disease Yeast infections Urinary tract infections Certain kinds of cancer.
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Define close circuit.
Answer:
closed circuit. noun. a complete electrical circuit through which current can flow when a voltage is appliedCompare open circuit.Answer:
A close circuit is a circuit that lets current go through it without stopping.
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The glands that are saclike in structure and produce oily secretions that lubricate the skin are?
The glands that are saclike in structure and produce oily secretions that lubricate the skin are sebaceous glands.
Glands are the organs present in the body that produce and secrete some chemical substances. These chemical substances are necessary for various processes in the body. Glands can be of two types: Endocrine, which releases secretions directly into the blood and exocrine, that release secretions into some duct or opening.
Sebaceous glands are the exocrine gland that secrete a substance called sebum. Sebum is an soil, wax-like substance that functions to lubricate the hair and skin. The gland opens into the root of hair follicle and is present only in mammals. The maximum sebaceous glands are found in the scalp.
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The peritoneal cavity is located between the visceral peritoneum and the mesentery. True or false
The peritoneal cavity is located between the visceral peritoneum and the parietal peritoneum. So the statement is false.
What is the peritoneal cavity?The peritoneum is a serous membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic organs and borders the walls of the abdominal cavity. The peritoneal cavity lies between its parietal and visceral layers. Abdominopelvic organs are supported and shielded by the peritoneum.
There are two layers to the peritoneum:
An external layer that is attached to the front and posterior abdominal walls is called the parietal peritoneum.A layer that lines the internal organs of the abdomen is called the visceral peritoneum. It is created when the parietal peritoneum rebounds from the viscera to the abdominal wall.Therefore the statement is false.
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Diisopropylfluorophosphate (difp, another name for diisopropylphosphofluoridate, dipf) inactivates chymotrypsin by covalently modifying serine-195. this occurs because?
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIFP, another name for diisopropylphosphofluoridate, DIPF) inactivates chymotrypsin by covalently modifying serine-195. This occurs because: serine-195 is in an environment which gives it a higher than normal reactivity with respect to DIPF.
DIPF is a colorless liquid with oil like texture that is widely used as a drug. It is used as a miotic agent to treat diseases like chronic glaucoma and in neuroscience. It has anti-cholinesterase activity. Besides, the chemical is also used in formation of pesticides.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme released from the pancreas. It acts in the duodenum of the small intestine. The enzyme is proteolytic, involved in the breakdown of proteins.
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briefly explain how an endonuclease (like cas9) compares to a restriction enzyme (like haeiii or bcli). what is a similarity? what is a difference?
In comparison , Cas9 is an endonuclease and is developed as an immunity mechanism against viruses, which are not considered restriction enzymes.
Talking about the similariites and differences, endonuclease is an enzyme by cleaving the internal covalent bonds linking nucleotides to break down a nucleotide chain into shorter chains, whereas the restriction enzyme, considered the restriction endonuclease can cleave DNA molecules into small pieces. Cas9 is an endo-deoxyribonuclease, it trims the DNA a little bit, from the cut site, one of the differences is that to identify the target sites in the DNA restriction enzymes doesn't have an RNA or a DNA as a tether. They can recognize the restriction sites by themselves through their DNA binding domains. Compare to restriction enzymes, the endonuclease can't cleave any DNA complementary to the guide RNA, they need the help of protospacer adjacent motifs adjacent sequences to the target site. The cleaving process occurs at a specific site called the restriction site, of the DNA molecule, where the site is composed of 4 to 8 base pairs. The restriction enzyme is all about all in one system whereas the endonuclease enzyme recognizes first and cleaves the latter, within a specific nucleotide sequence.
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If you made Jupiter the size of a marble, how would that change the size of the Earth? Sun?
Answer:
It would change the size of both the planets and make them smaller
Explanation:
If you make Jupiter's size into a marble, then you would have to make both of the planets smaller size as well. It would change the size of the sun by a lot, but it would still have to be bigger than Jupiter. The earth is different tho since it's way smaller than Jupiter in its normal size. So the earth would be super smaller than marble.
If you were to scale down Jupiter to the size of a marble, it would have a diameter of roughly 1.39 centimeters (or about 0.55 inches).
What are the planets?The relative diameters of the Earth and the Sun do not alter appreciably, even when Jupiter's size is drastically shrunk to that of a tiny pebble.
The enormous scale disparity between the celestial bodies in our solar system is highlighted by the Sun, which is still considerably larger than both Earth and the marble-sized Jupiter as shown
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Why are phytoplankton, and not benthic algae or rooted aquatic plants, the dominant photosynthetic organisms of the oceanic pelagic zone? (See Figure 52.14 .)
An organism is referred to as photosynthetic if it participates in photosynthesis. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis.
Photoautotrophs use light, specifically sunshine, to manufacture their food. In that they have chlorophyll and require sunlight to survive and thrive, microalgae, also known as phytoplankton, are comparable to terrestrial plants. Since it is mostly buoyant, phytoplankton floats in the upper layers of the ocean where sunlight penetrates the water. In order to transform these resources into proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, they also require inorganic nutrients like nitrates, phosphates, and sulfur.The open sea area outside of the coasts or on the ocean floor made up of the water column is referred to as the pelagic zone. Pelagic fish live in the oceans below the continental shelf. Pelagic fish are those that live in the pelagic zone, hence their name.In the photic zone, which is quite shallow, plankton and a variety of fish species reside. Because water readily absorbs light and the ocean is deep, the majority of the ocean (the aphotic zone) is dark and devoid of life.Learn more about the Phytoplankton with the help of the given link:
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digestion of energy nutrients requires specific enzymes for each molecule. which of the following enzymes is incorrectly matched with its corresponding molecule?
The enzyme that is responsible for the digestion of sucrose will be sucrase.
What is sucrose?Sucrose is a disaccharide that will be formed by glucose and fructose (which are monosaccharides), which will be known as table sugar, white sugar. It is a natural sweetener that is used to sweeten foods.
In digestion, in order to be absorbed by the intestinal cells, it must be broken down into the momsaccharides that are going to make it up, glucose and fructose. This action will take place thanks to the enzyme sucrase, which is what catalyzes this reaction. These enzymes are found in the membrane of the microvilli of the cells of the duodenum, allowing it to enter the bloodstream in the form of glucose and fructose.
Therefore, we can confirm that the enzyme that is responsible for the digestion of sucrose will be sucrase.
Digestion of energy nutrients requires specific enzymes for each molecule. Which is the following is incorrectly matched with its corresponding molecule?
A. Fats-lipase
B. Sucrose-maltase
C. Starch-amylase
D. Lactose-lactase
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organisms that consume only plants are any/all of the following: group of answer choices first order heterotroph secondary consumer primary consumer second order heterotroph producer herbivore
First-order heterotrophs, primary consumers, and herbivores are the organisms that consume only plants.
The trophic level is a hierarchical position in a food chain or food web of an ecosystem. The organisms at a trophic level share similar feeding habits. There are generally three trophic levels:
1. First trophic level
This level comprises the primary producers or the green plants. They perform photosynthesis and use carbon dioxide and water for the synthesis of their food.
2. Second trophic level
The organisms of this level feed upon the organisms of the first trophic level. This means that they feed upon plants. These include primary consumers, herbivores, and first-order heterotrophs.
3. Third trophic level
The organisms of the third trophic level feed upon the organisms of the second trophic level. These include secondary consumers and second-order heterotrophs.
A heterotroph is an organism that does not prepare its food itself but is dependent on the other organism. First-order heterotrophs are thus primary consumers or herbivores that consume only plants.
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Suppose a gastrovascular cavity were open at two ends, with fluid entering one end and leaving the other. How would this affect the cavity's functions in gas exchange and digestion?
Although a continuous, one-way flow of fluid may increase gas exchange, there would likely be insufficient time for food digestion and nutrient absorption if fluid ran through the cavity in this manner.
What exactly is a gastrovascular cavity and what do they do?Primal animal phyla have a feature called the gastrovascular cavity. Both food digestion and the distribution of nutrients throughout the body are its responsibilities. There is only one environmental entrance in the hollow. It is a two-way digestive tract since food enters via the same hole as waste is expelled.
A system of canals may be significantly branching out of the cavity. Since food enters and waste departs through the same orifice, the gastrovascular system in cnidarians is also known as the coelenteron and is sometimes referred to as a "blind gut" or "blind sac."
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2013 flores reanimation of elbow extension with medial pectoral nerve transfer in partial injuries to the brachial plexus.pdf
Recent advances in surgical treatment of the brachial plexus have allowed for more extensive repairs, and elbow extension now ranks among the desirable functions to be restored. The purpose of this study is to describe the authors' experience using the medial thoracic nerve to reinnervate the triceps brachii muscle in patients with C5-7 brachial plexus palsy.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study of the outcome of restoration of elbow extension in her 12 patients who underwent transplantation from the medial pectoral muscle to the radial nerve or the long head of the triceps brachii muscle.
RESULTS: The radial nerve was directed to the long head of the triceps brachii in 3 of her patients and the branch in 9 of her patients. The graft was used in 6 of her patients. Results were rated M4 and M3 for elbow extension by the Medical Research Council in 7 (58%) and 5 (42%) patients, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with C5-7 nerve root injuries, the medial thoracic nerve is a dependable donor to recover elbow extension.
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Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements.
Animal-like protists are like animals because they are
.
Plant-like protists are like plants because they are
.
Fungus-like protists are like fungus because they are
.
Fungus-like protists are like fungus because they reproduce using
.
Eukaryotic cells are those that have a true nucleus. In these cells, the genetic material is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, also called the caryotheca, ensuring the protection of the DNA against the movements of the cell's cytoskeleton.
With this information, we can conclude that Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus and are present in protozoa, fungi, animals and plants. Eukaryotic cells are those that have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
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