54 yo F c/o painful intercouse. her last menstrual period was 9 months ago. She has hot flashes. What the diagnose?

Viscera: Combining form: Viscer/o Suffix: -a (plural form) Definition: Refers to the internal organs located within the body cavities, especially the abdominal cavity.

The combining form "viscer/o" is derived from the Latin word "viscus," meaning "organ." When combined with other word parts or suffixes, it forms medical terms related to the internal organs. For example, "visceral" pertains to the organs within the body cavities, and "visceromegaly" refers to the abnormal enlargement of internal organs.

The suffix "-a" is used to denote the plural form of "viscera." This suffix is commonly added to words to indicate that there is more than one of the specified organ or structure. So, "viscera" is the plural form of "viscus" and refers to multiple internal organs collectively.

Understanding the combining form and suffix helps in deciphering medical terminology related to the organs within the body cavities, facilitating effective communication and comprehension within the medical field.

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Potential blood and tissue donors are screened for HIV through a process called serological testing. This involves testing the blood or tissue sample for antibodies to HIV.

This is done through a confidential screening process called a donor history questionnaire. The combination of serological testing and donor history screening is highly effective in identifying potential donors who may be at risk of transmitting HIV to a recipient.

Potential blood and tissue donors are screened for HIV through a two-step process: initial screening and confirmatory testing. First, donors undergo an initial screening using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA) to detect HIV antibodies or antigens in the blood sample.  

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The medication for glaucoma that is available as an eye implant is Durysta. Durysta is a sustained-release biodegradable implant that is placed in the eye to deliver medication over an extended period of time.

Durysta is a biodegradable implant that slowly releases the drug bimatoprost to help reduce intraocular pressure in the eye, which is a common issue in glaucoma patients. This implant releases bimatoprost, which is a medication that helps lower intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma.

Unlike eye drops, which need to be used daily, Durysta only needs to be implanted every few months, making it a more convenient option for some patients. This implant provides continuous treatment and is a helpful option for patients who may have difficulty with eye drops or need a more consistent method of drug delivery.

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Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces an excess amount of thyroid hormones. This can lead to a variety of symptoms including weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, irritability, heat intolerance, and sweating.

One of the most common symptoms of hyperthyroidism is palpitations, which are rapid or irregular heartbeats. When evaluating a patient with palpitations, there are several differential diagnoses (DDx) that need to be considered. These can include anxiety, panic disorder, cardiac arrhythmias, and hyperthyroidism.
In the case of hyperthyroidism, the palpitations are usually caused by the excess thyroid hormones increasing the metabolic rate and stimulating the heart. The rapid heart rate may also be due to an underlying cardiac arrhythmia, which can be seen in some patients with hyperthyroidism.

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Prognosis is a medical suffix that refers to the prediction of the probable outcome of a disease or condition.

Prognosis is an important aspect of medical practice as it helps physicians and patients to better understand the nature and severity of a disease, and to develop a treatment plan accordingly.

A prognosis can be based on various factors, such as the patient's age, overall health, and the stage of the disease or condition. It can be described as good, fair, poor, or terminal.

The accuracy of a prognosis can vary, and it is often subject to change based on the patient's response to treatment. Ultimately, the prognosis can help patients and their loved ones to prepare for the future and make important decisions about their care.

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True. Monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific molecules on the surface of cancer cells, and many types of cancer cells express similar molecules.

Therefore, a monoclonal antibody drug that targets one of these molecules can potentially be used to attack different types of cancer that express that same molecule. For example, the monoclonal antibody drug trastuzumab (Herceptin) targets the HER2 receptor, which is overexpressed in certain types of breast cancer as well as some other types of cancer. Similarly, the monoclonal antibody drug rituximab (Rituxan) targets the CD20 molecule, which is expressed on the surface of some types of lymphoma as well as some other types of cancer. While monoclonal antibodies may not work for all types of cancer, they can be a valuable tool in the fight against cancer and have been approved for use in treating a variety of different types of cancer.

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Answer:

The answer to your question is C. increased bone density - there are different ways to increase bone density, lifting weights or using weight machines,and jump rope are one of the few ways we can build up our bones in order to keep it strong.

Explanation:

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Prevacid is a brand name for lansoprazole. It is a proton pump inhibitor medication that decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach, and is used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach and intestinal ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Dexilant is another proton pump inhibitor medication used to treat GERD, while Maalox and Tagamet are medications used to treat heartburn and other symptoms of gastrointestinal distress. It is important to take any medication, including lansoprazole, only as directed and to discuss any potential side effects or concerns with a healthcare provider.

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The Injex injection system is a needle-free injection device that delivers medication or vaccines through the skin using a high-pressure stream of liquid. This type of system is best suited for medications that need to be delivered subcutaneously, which means just beneath the surface of the skin.

Some examples of therapies that can be delivered using the Injex injection system include:

It's important to note that while the Injex injection system can be used for a variety of therapies, not all medications or vaccines are suitable for this type of delivery method. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best method of administration for a particular medication or vaccine.

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False, with blackouts, the person actively engages and can perform complicated tasks is False.

Blackouts are periods of memory loss that occur when a person is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. During a blackout, the person is not able to form new memories and may engage in activities that they will not remember later. Therefore, it is not possible for a person to actively engage and perform complicated tasks during a blackout.

With blackouts, a person experiences memory loss and impaired functioning due to excessive alcohol consumption or other factors. During a blackout, the person may appear to be functioning normally, but they are not actively engaging or capable of performing complicated tasks in a reliable and effective manner.

It is important to be aware of the risks associated with blackouts and to avoid consuming excessive amounts of alcohol or drugs to prevent them from occurring.

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Based on the presentation of the patient, the most likely diagnosis is a shoulder dislocation. Falling onto an outstretched hand can cause a dislocation of the shoulder joint, leading to pain and deformity in the affected area.

A shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone pops out of the shoulder blade socket. This injury is common in individuals who participate in contact sports, such as skiing or football. To confirm the diagnosis, a physical exam and imaging tests such as an X-ray or MRI may be necessary. Treatment for a shoulder dislocation usually involves putting the joint back into place and immobilizing the area with a sling or brace. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair any damage to the surrounding ligaments or tissues. In conclusion, the most likely diagnosis for the patient in this scenario is a shoulder dislocation. It is important to seek medical attention promptly to properly diagnose and treat the injury.

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The 55-year-old male patient may be experiencing a condition called rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by muscle pain, weakness, and the release of a protein called myoglobin into the bloodstream, which can cause dark-colored urine.

The patient's symptoms of crampy bilateral thigh and calf pain, fatigue, and dark urine are consistent with rhabdomyolysis. Additionally, the patient's medications, simvastatin and clofibrate, are both used to treat hyperlipidemia and can increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis when used together. Simvastatin is a statin drug, which is known to occasionally cause muscle-related side effects, while clofibrate belongs to the fibrate class of medications, which can also have similar effects on the muscles. In this case, the combination of simvastatin and clofibrate may have led to the patient's rhabdomyolysis symptoms. It is essential for the patient to consult with their healthcare provider for further evaluation and potential adjustments to their medication regimen. Early intervention and treatment can help prevent complications associated with rhabdomyolysis, such as kidney damage and electrolyte imbalances.

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Based on the presented symptoms, the most likely diagnosis is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). CJD is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the brain and nervous system.

It is caused by the accumulation of abnormal proteins called prions, which damage and kill nerve cells in the brain. The symptoms of CJD usually develop rapidly over a few months and include rapidly progressive dementia, difficulty with coordination and movement (ataxia), muscle stiffness and spasms, and involuntary muscle pain or twitches (myoclonus). Memory impairment, personality changes, and hallucinations are also common symptoms.

CJD is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and confirmed through a brain biopsy or autopsy. There is currently no cure for CJD, and treatment is mainly supportive to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. It is important to note that CJD is a rare disease, and other more common conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, or brain tumors can present with similar symptoms. Therefore, a thorough medical evaluation is necessary to rule out other potential causes of these symptoms.

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The sudden onset of hallucinations and the recent ingestion of an unknown substance suggest that this patient is most likely experiencing substance-induced psychotic disorder. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to address her symptoms and ensure her safety.

The 28-year-old female patient is experiencing visual hallucinations of bugs crawling on her bed and auditory hallucinations of loud voices when alone in her room. Given that these symptoms have appeared suddenly and she has no history of similar experiences, it is crucial to consider the recent ingestion of an unknown substance as a possible cause.

The most likely diagnosis in this scenario is substance-induced psychotic disorder. This condition occurs when a person experiences hallucinations or delusions as a direct result of intoxication or withdrawal from a substance, such as drugs or alcohol. The unknown substance that the patient recently ingested may have triggered these symptoms, leading to her experiencing these unusual and distressing phenomena.

It is essential for the patient to seek medical help immediately to determine the exact cause of her symptoms and receive appropriate treatment. The healthcare provider will likely inquire about her substance use history, conduct a thorough physical examination, and perform necessary tests to rule out other possible diagnoses. Once substance-induced psychotic disorder is confirmed, treatment may include discontinuing the use of the substance, administering medications to manage symptoms, and providing psychological support.

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In BED, individuals engage in repeated episodes of binge eating, where they consume large amounts of food in a short period. After these episodes, they experience significant distress but do not typically use compensatory behaviors, such as purging or excessive exercise, which are associated with bulimia.

The ED that you are referring to is known as binge eating disorder. Individuals with binge eating disorder engage in repeated episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a short period of time, often feeling out of control during these episodes. Unlike individuals with bulimia, those with binge eating disorder do not typically use compensatory behaviors such as purging or excessive exercise to try to counteract the bingeing. However, they may still experience significant distress as a result of their binge eating behaviors. Treatment for binge eating disorder often involves therapy to address the underlying emotional and psychological factors contributing to the disorder, as well as strategies to manage and reduce binge eating episodes.

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The NGO stands for Non-Governmental Organization. It refers to any type of organization that is independent of government control, but still serves public or social interests. NGOs often operate in areas where the government  partner may not have the resources or ability to address issues, such as poverty, human rights, and environmental protection.

The terms of government, NGOs can play an important role in policymaking and implementation. They can provide valuable expertise and advocacy on issues of concern to the public and help ensure that government decisions are made in the best interests of the people. Governments may also provide funding to NGOs to carry out specific programs or initiatives. This can be seen as a way for the government to partner with civil society to achieve common goals. However, NGOs must maintain their independence and not be seen as simply carrying out the agenda of the government. Overall, NGOs serve as an important complement to government efforts in addressing social and public issues and can provide a vital voice for citizens in the decision-making process.

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Community outreach needle exchange programs are an example of secondary prevention.

Secondary prevention focuses on early detection, intervention, and treatment of existing health issues to prevent further complications.

Needle exchange programs aim to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as HIV and Hepatitis C, among people who use drugs.

Hence: In conclusion, needle exchange programs are a form of secondary prevention, focusing on reducing harm and preventing the spread of diseases among at-risk populations.

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Yes, that is correct. The framing heuristic refers to the tendency for people to make decisions based on the way information is presented to them, rather than the actual content of the information itself.

The way information is framed can influence how people perceive it and can lead them to make different decisions, even when the information is the same. For example, if information is presented in a positive way, people may be more likely to see it as desirable or attractive, while if the same information is presented in a negative way, people may be more likely to see it as undesirable or unattractive.

The framing heuristic is a cognitive bias that can influence decision-making in a variety of contexts, from personal choices to public policy decisions. The way information is presented can affect how people perceive risk, evaluate options, and make choices.

For example, imagine a situation where a person is considering a medical procedure that has a 95% success rate. If the procedure is presented in a positive way, highlighting the success rate, people may be more likely to choose to have the procedure. However, if the same procedure is presented in a negative way, highlighting the 5% failure rate, people may be more hesitant to choose the procedure.

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The symptoms of this disease include an intense urge to pick at the skin, causing sores or wounds that may become infected.

Skin picking is a disorder that is characterized by the repetitive and compulsive picking of the skin. This behavior can result in scarring, embarrassment, and even social isolation. The disorder is often associated with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and can be difficult to treat without professional help. It is important to seek medical attention if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of skin picking.
The symptoms of the disease related to skin picking, typically confined to the face, but may target other body parts.

This condition is known as Excoriation Disorder or Dermatillomania. The symptoms of this disease include:
1. Recurrent skin picking, leading to skin lesions or damage.
2. Increasing tension or anxiety before picking, and a sense of relief or satisfaction after picking.
3. Unsuccessful attempts to reduce or stop skin picking.
4. The behavior causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
It's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment options for this condition.

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The patient, a 61-year-old obese female with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, presents with profuse vaginal bleeding for the past month despite having her last menstrual period 10 years ago.

Considering her age, postmenopausal status, obesity, and nulliparity, a potential diagnosis for this patient is endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial cancer. Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition in which the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) becomes abnormally thickened, often due to an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone hormones. This can lead to irregular or heavy bleeding, especially in postmenopausal women. Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are known risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia. Endometrial cancer, a malignant growth of the uterine lining, can also cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly in postmenopausal women. Similar to endometrial hyperplasia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes can increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer. It is crucial for the patient to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the exact cause of her bleeding and receive appropriate treatment. Diagnostic tests, such as a pelvic exam, ultrasound, or endometrial biopsy, may be required to confirm the diagnosis.

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Peluritic pain that refers to the shoulder along with a fever is a red flag for a possible lung infection or inflammation, such as pneumonia or pleurisy.

Peluritic pain that also refers to the shoulder along with a fever is a red flag for pleurisy. Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, which is the lining surrounding the lungs.

                                          This condition can cause sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens with deep breaths, coughing, or sneezing, and it may also refer pain to the shoulder.  It is important to seek medical attention promptly if experiencing these symptoms.

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According to the American Heart Association, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and pulse should be assessed at least once every two years in healthy adults over the age of 20.

However, it is important to note that the frequency of assessment may vary based on individual risk factors and health history. For example, individuals with a family history of hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases may require more frequent assessments. Additionally, individuals with a BMI in the overweight or obese range, or with a large waist circumference, may require more frequent monitoring of their blood pressure and other health indicators. It is recommended to discuss with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate frequency of assessments based on individual health status and risk factors. Overall, regular monitoring of blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, and pulse is important for maintaining overall health and preventing the development of chronic diseases.

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The three factors that contribute to the risk for anorexia nervosa include biological factors, psychological factors, and environmental factors (BPE).

1. Biological factors: Genetics and hormonal imbalances can contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa. Individuals with a family history of eating disorders or mental health issues are at a higher risk.

2. Psychological factors: Personality traits such as perfectionism, low self-esteem, and poor body image can contribute to anorexia nervosa. People who struggle with anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive tendencies may also be more susceptible.

3. Environmental factors: Societal pressure to maintain a certain body type or appearance, as well as exposure to certain media, can contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa. Additionally, personal experiences such as bullying, trauma, or significant life changes can trigger the disorder.

In summary, a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors contribute to the risk for anorexia nervosa, and understanding these factors is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.

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The generic name for Colcrys is Colchicine. Colchicine is a medication used to prevent and treat gout attacks and familial Mediterranean fever.

It works by decreasing inflammation and reducing the amount of uric acid crystals that build up in the joints. While Colcrys is a brand name for colchicine, there are also other generic forms of the medication available. Colchicine has been used for centuries to treat gout, and it remains an important treatment option today. It is important to note that colchicine can have serious side effects if taken in large doses, including muscle weakness, liver and kidney damage, and even death. Therefore, it is important to take colchicine exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider and to follow up with regular monitoring of liver and kidney function. Overall, colchicine is a valuable medication for those who suffer from gout attacks or familial Mediterranean fever and can provide significant relief from symptoms.

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The most likely diagnosis for a 70-year-old diabetic male presenting with episodes of palpitation and diaphoresis while on insulin therapy is hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar levels drop too low, which can happen if too much insulin is taken, if a meal is missed or delayed, or if there is increased physical activity without adjusting the insulin dose.

                                       It is important to confirm the diagnosis with blood glucose testing and treat the hypoglycemia promptly to prevent any complications.
                                                      Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop too low, and in diabetic patients, it can be caused by factors such as taking too much insulin. Symptoms like palpitations and diaphoresis are common indicators of hypoglycemia.

                                             To confirm the diagnosis, a blood glucose test should be performed. If hypoglycemia is confirmed, it can be managed by consuming a source of fast-acting sugar and adjusting insulin doses as needed, under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

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Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes that affects the peripheral nerves, causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the limbs.

The diagnosis of DPN is made based on clinical symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests. However, there are several other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, which need to be ruled out before making a definitive diagnosis.

The differential diagnosis (DDX) for DPN includes other neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and alcoholic neuropathy. These conditions can be differentiated from DPN based on the specific pattern of symptoms, age of onset, and medication history.

Other conditions that may mimic DPN include spinal stenosis, radiculopathy, and carpal tunnel syndrome. These conditions can be diagnosed through imaging studies such as MRI or nerve conduction studies.

It is important to make an accurate diagnosis of DPN as early as possible, as this can help prevent further nerve damage and improve outcomes. Treatment options for DPN include glycemic control, pain management, and lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise and a healthy diet. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to decompress nerves or correct deformities.

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A common additional symptom associated with hoarding, in which sorting through possessions to decide what to keep or give away is extremely distressing, is "decision-making difficulties."

The additional symptom associated with hoarding, in which sorting through what to keep or give away is extremely distressing, is known as decision-making paralysis." This symptom is common among hoarders and can cause them to feel overwhelmed, anxious, and indecisive when faced with the task of decluttering. The distress that accompanies decision-making paralysis can make it difficult for hoarders to let go of their possessions, even if they no longer have any practical use for them. The fear of making the wrong decision or losing something valuable can further exacerbate hoarding behavior, leading to a buildup of clutter and chaos in the home. Ultimately, addressing this distressing symptom is a crucial step in helping hoarders overcome their hoarding disorder and regain control of their lives.

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Based on the symptoms presented, the most likely diagnosis for this patient is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The presence of periumbilical pain for six months, relief with defecation, and worsening with stress are all classic symptoms of IBS.

The alternating constipation and diarrhea also align with this diagnosis. However, it is important to rule out other potential causes of abdominal pain, such as inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal infections. Further diagnostic testing, such as a stool analysis or colonoscopy, may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. Treatment for IBS typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and stress management techniques, as well as medication to manage symptoms. It is important for the patient to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan.

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The level of care that lessens the time a person with a disability experiences mental distress during a crisis is known as crisis intervention. This approach involves prompt, short-term assistance provided by trained professionals, focusing on stabilizing the individual's emotional state, addressing immediate needs, and connecting them to appropriate resources for ongoing support.

In general, mental health care during a crisis involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes psychological interventions, medication management, and social support. Psychological interventions may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, trauma-focused therapy, or crisis counseling. Medication management may involve the use of antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, or antipsychotic medications, depending on the person's symptoms.

Social support is also critical during a crisis, and it can come from family members, friends, community organizations, or mental health professionals. Social support can help individuals feel less isolated and increase their sense of control and empowerment.

Overall, providing appropriate and timely mental health care during a crisis can help reduce the time a person is mentally disabled and improve their overall well-being.

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The correct answer is True. Patients with severe anxiety can benefit from learning and using relaxation techniques to help manage their symptoms.

As a registered nurse, it is within your scope of practice to teach and encourage the use of relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and mindfulness practices. These techniques can help patients reduce their anxiety levels, promote relaxation and calmness, and improve their overall sense of well-being. It is important to assess each patient's individual needs and preferences and tailor the approach accordingly. Additionally, it is important to educate patients on the importance of regular practice and provide ongoing support and encouragement to help them integrate these techniques into their daily routines.

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