5. 75.0 g of 4.0°C water is heated until its temperature is 37°C. If the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C, calculate the energy needed to cause this rise in temperature. SHOW YOUR WORK​

These are 10 unique questions you can ask your fellow classmates about the things they have learned in your special ed classroom:

A special education classroom is a classroom designed to meet the needs of students with disabilities. These classrooms are staffed by specially trained teachers who are able to provide individualized instruction and support to students with a variety of disabilities.

These questions are designed to get your classmates thinking about the things they have learned in your special ed classroom and how those things have impacted them. The answers to these questions can be used to create a powerful and informative ad for your classroom.

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24. To calculate the molarity of a solution, we must first find out how many moles of [tex]BaI_2[/tex] are in the solution.

Molar mass of BaI2 = (1 x atomic mass of Ba) + (2 x atomic mass of I)

= (1 x 137.33 g/mol) + (2 x 126.90 g/mol)

= 137.33 g/mol + 253.80 g/mol

= 391.13 g/mol

Number of moles of BaI2 = mass of BaI2 / molar mass of BaI2

= 413 g / 391.13 g/mol

= 1.056 mol

the molarity of the solution using the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

Volume of solution = 750 ml = 750 ml / 1000 ml/L = 0.750 L

Molarity = 1.056 mol / 0.750 L

= 1.408 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 1.408 M.

25. a. [tex]P_20_7[/tex] - Ionic compound (Phosphorus(V) oxide)

b. [tex]SnBr_2[/tex] - Ionic compound (Tin(II) bromide)

c. [tex]Fe(OH)_2[/tex]-  Ionic compound (Iron(II) hydroxide)

d. [tex]Cl_30_8[/tex] - Not a valid chemical formula

26.

A. (NH4)2CO3 is soluble in water (NH4) in an ionic substance called 2CO3 containing the ions carbonate and ammonium.

B. Fe(OH)2 is insoluble in water. Iron(II) hydroxide is only sparingly soluble.

C. CaOH is not soluble in water. Only very little calcium hydroxide is soluble.

D. PbCl2 is insoluble in water. The chloride of lead(II) is sparingly soluble.

27. FeS + 2KCl = FeCl2 + K2S

FeS is an insoluble precipitate.

2KCl dissolves in aqueous solution.

ZnCl2 + SrSO4 = ZnSO4 + SrCl2

SrSO4 is an insoluble precipitate.

ZnCl2 dissolves in aqueous solution.

28. In salt water, the solute is the salt (sodium chloride, or NaCl), and the solvent is water. The element which dissolves in the solvent to form a solution is called solute.

29. Charles's law states that, if the pressure and volume of a gas remain constant, the volume of a gas falls as the temperature increases. As a result, the capacity of the balloon will decrease as it ascends to altitudes where the temperature is -15 °C.

30. The average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance increases with increase in its temperature. This is because temperature is a gauge for the specific kinetic energy of the constituent particles of a substance. On the other hand, the average kinetic energy falls as the temperature increases.

31. When the volume of a gas decreases, its pressure increases. Boyle's law, which states that at a given temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, describes this relationship. On the other hand, pressure falls when volume increases.

32. The pressure of a gas increases along with its temperature. Gay–Lussac's law, which states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, given the volume and volume of the gas is constant, describes this relationship.

33. The volume of a syringe is reduced as a marshmallow is pressed and the plunger is depressed. As a result the pressure inside the syringe increases. This is because Boyle's law states that the volume and pressure of a gas are inversely proportional. The decrease in volume causes the air inside the syringe to contract, exerting more pressure on the marshmallow, which is then crushed.

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The molarity of potassium hydroxide in the resulting solution is 0.129 M.

Molarity of a substance refers to the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.

According to this question, a student weighs out a 2.17g sample of KOH, transfers it to a 300. mL volumetric flask, adds enough water to dissolve it and then adds water to the 300. mL tick mark.

No of moles of KOH = 2.17g ÷ 56.11g/mol = 0.039 moles

Molarity = 0.039 moles ÷ 0.3L = 0.129 M

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The balanced chemical equation is CaS + AlC → A + CaC

To balance the chemical equation CaS + AlC → A + CaC, we need to ensure that the same number of atoms of each element is present on both sides of the equation. Here's the step-by-step process to balance the equation:

Begin by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

Left side (reactants):

Calcium (Ca): 1

Sulfur (S): 1

Aluminum (Al): 1

Carbon (C): 1

Right side (products):

A: 1

Calcium (Ca): 1

Carbon (C): 1

Sulfur (S): 0

Start by balancing the elements that appear in the fewest compounds. In this case, we can balance sulfur (S) first. Since there is only one sulfur atom on the left side and none on the right side, we need to add a coefficient of 1 in front of A on the right side to balance the sulfur.

CaS + AlC → 1A + CaC

Next, balance calcium (Ca) by adding a coefficient of 1 in front of CaS on the left side.

1CaS + AlC → 1A + CaC

Now, balance aluminum (Al) by adding a coefficient of 1 in front of AlC on the left side.

1CaS + 1AlC → 1A + CaC

Finally, balance carbon (C) by adding a coefficient of 1 in front of CaC on the right side.

1CaS + 1AlC → 1A + 1CaC

The balanced chemical equation is:

CaS + AlC → A + CaC

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The addition of a catalyst to this reaction would cause a change in "I" indicated energy differences.

If a catalyst is added to a reaction, it typically affects the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction. The activation energy is the energy barrier that needs to be overcome for the reaction to proceed.

In the context of the energy diagram for the reaction X + Y -> Z, the addition of a catalyst would primarily affect the energy difference related to the activation energy. Let's consider the options:

It is generally expected that the addition of a catalyst would primarily affect the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction, which is typically associated with the energy difference labeled as "I" on energy diagrams.

Therefore, the answer is: I only: The addition of a catalyst would cause a change in the energy difference labeled as "I" on the energy diagram.

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The molarity of the solution, if 44g of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] is dissolved in 95 ml of water is 4.1733 M

To calculate the molarity (M) of a solution, we use the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute/volume of solution in liters

As per the question:

Mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 44 g

Volume of water = 95 mL = 0.095 L

To find molarity, we need to determine the number of moles of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] by dividing the given mass by its molar mass.

Molar mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 40.08 g/mol (for [tex]Ca[/tex]) + (2 × 35.45 g/mol) (for [tex]Cl[/tex])

Molar mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 110.98 g/mol

Number of moles of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = Mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] / Molar mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]

Number of moles of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 44 g / 110.98 g/mol

Number of moles of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] ≈ 0.3965 mol

Now, to calculate the molarity of the solution, we can use this formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute/volume of solution in liters

Molarity (M) = 0.3965 mol / 0.095 L

Molarity (M) ≈ 4.1733 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is approximately 4.1733 M when 44 g of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] is dissolved in 95 mL of water.

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Answer:

Particulate matter pollution decreases the amount of sunlight plants can absorb for photosynthesis.

Explanation:

An impact of the specific heat of the water on the planet is that islands and coastal places have moderately pleasant climates. Therefore, option A is correct.

The specific heat of water is relatively high compared to other substances. This means that water requires a significant amount of heat energy to increase its temperature. As a result, water has a stabilizing effect on the climate of coastal and island regions.

The high specific heat of the water helps to moderate temperature changes, resulting in milder and more pleasant climates in these areas.

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answer

To determine the number of moles in 4 liters of this solution, you can use the formula:

moles = concentration (M) x volume (L)

Substituting the given values:

moles = 3.0 M x 4 L

moles = 12 moles

Therefore, there would be 12 moles of HCl in 4 liters of the 3.0 M HCl solution.

Answer:

[tex]\large \textsf{If the Keq of a reaction is 4$\times$10$^{-7}$, then:}\\\\\large \textsf{$\implies$ the equilibrium lies slightly to the left.}[/tex]

The position or extent of a chemical equilibrium can be expressed quantitatively using the equilibrium constant (Keq). If the value of Keq is large, then the equilibrium lies to the right (the product side). If the value of Keq is small, then the equilibrium lies to the left (the reactant side).

In terms of sizing, a small value of Keq usually ranges from 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁵⁰ and beyond. A large value of Keq usually ranges from 10¹⁰ and onwards.

∴ for a Keq of 4×10⁻⁷, we say that the equilibrium lies slightly to the left.

The volume the gas will occupy at pressure of 138.7 KPa, given that the temperature remains the same is 136 mL

The new volume of the gas, given that the new pressure is 138.7 KPa can be obtained as follow:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Inputting the given parameters, we have:

135.5 × 139.3 = 138.7 × V₂

18875.17 = 138.7 × V₂

Divide both side by 138.7

V₂ = 18875.17 / 138.7

V₂ = 136 mL

Thus, we can conclude that the volume of the gas will be 136 mL

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Answer:

65.25%

Explanation:

To determine the percent composition of oxygen in H₂SO₄, we need to calculate the mass of oxygen relative to the total molar mass of H₂SO₄ and express it as a percentage.

Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of H₂SO₄.

H₂SO₄ consists of two hydrogen atoms (H), one sulfur atom (S), and four oxygen atoms (O). The atomic masses of these elements are:

H = 1.01 g/mol

S = 32.07 g/mol

O = 16.00 g/mol

Molar mass of H₂SO₄ = (2 × H) + S + (4 × O)

= (2 × 1.01) + 32.07 + (4 × 16.00)

= 98.09 g/mol

Step 2: Calculate the mass of oxygen in H₂SO₄.

Since there are four oxygen atoms in one molecule of H₂SO₄, the mass of oxygen is:

Mass of oxygen = 4 × (molar mass of O)

= 4 × 16.00

= 64.00 g

Step 3: Calculate the percent composition of oxygen.

Percent composition of oxygen = (mass of oxygen / total molar mass of H₂SO₄) × 100

= (64.00 / 98.09) × 100

≈ 65.25%

Therefore, the percent composition of oxygen in H₂SO₄ is approximately 65.25%.

Hope this helps!

Some examples of chemical compounds that are formed by swapping the valencies are:

In chemistry, one can analyze an element's combining capacity with other atoms through its valency, crucial for creating chemical compounds or molecules.

Recently, an article featured a comparable description detailing atomic valence as "the electrons utilized by the atom during bonding." There are also two distinct formulas available to determine the element's level of valence.

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Le Chatelier's Principle tells us what happens to the equilibrium of a chemical system (reaction) when certain stresses are inflicted onto it.

When the temperature of a system is increased, the system moves away from the heat. For instance, for a forward exothermic reaction, it would move to the reactants side, favouring the endothermic reaction. For a forward endothermic reaction, it would however favour the forward reaction with an increase in heat.

The opposite occurs when heat is removed.

When the concentration of a reactant is increased, the equilibrium shifts to the right and favours the formation of products. The opposite occurs when the concentration of a product is increased, it shifts to the left.

Pressure and volume are inversely proportional, meaning an increase in pressure leads to a decrease in volume (and vice versa). When pressure is increased/volume is decreased, the system shifts in the direction of least moles/molecules. Count the sum of the coefficients on the reactants and products side to determine which side this is.

Again, the opposite occurs when pressure is decreased or volume is increased; the system shifts to the side with more moles.

Taking into account all the pieces of information mentioned above, here is what our answers should be to the given question:

A. Increasing [SO2]: shifts right

B. Removing O2: shifts left

C. Increasing temperature: shifts left

D. Decreasing pressure: shifts left

E. Add a catalyst: no effect

Monovalent Valency, Divalent Valency and Multivalent Valency are three types of valency.

Valency refers to the combining capacity of an atom to form chemical bonds. There are three types of valency:

Monovalent: Atoms with a valency of 1 can form only one bond. Examples include hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl), which can each form one bond.

Divalent: Atoms with a valency of 2 can form two bonds. Oxygen (O) and calcium (Ca) are examples of divalent atoms.

Multivalent: Atoms with multiple valencies can form different numbers of bonds. Transition metals such as iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) exhibit multivalency, allowing them to form varying numbers of bonds, depending on the specific compound and oxidation state.

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Answer:

[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf 1.869\ L}[/tex]

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass = m = 2.67 g

Molar mass (O₂) = 16 × 2 = 32 g/mol

We know that,

No. of moles = 2.67 / 32

No. of moles = 0.08 moles

Also, we know that:

1 × 0.08 moles of O₂ at STP = 22.4 × 0.08 L

So, the volume of 0.08 moles of oxygen gas at STP will be 1.869 L.

[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]

There are approximately 2.8939 x[tex]10^2^4[/tex] carbon atoms in 0.37 mol of procaine.  The molecular formula of procaine (C₁₃H₂₀N₂₀₂), one can see that there are 13 carbon atoms (C13) in one molecule of procaine.

Avogadro's number (6.022 x [tex]10^2^3[/tex]) represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, or formula units) in one mole of a substance

The number of molecules of procaine in 0.37 mol:

Number of molecules = 0.37 mol x (6.022 x[tex]10^2^3[/tex] molecules/mol)

Number of carbon atoms = Number of molecules x 13 carbon atoms/molecule

Number of molecules = 0.37 mol x (6.022 x [tex]10^2^3[/tex]molecules/mol)

= 2.22614 x [tex]10^2^3[/tex]molecules

Number of carbon atoms = 2.22614 x [tex]10^2^3[/tex] molecules x 13 carbon atoms/molecule

= 2.8939 x [tex]10^2^4[/tex]carbon atoms

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Diatomic: Composed of two atoms. Polar: A bond with a negative end and a positive end. Nonpolar: A bond in which neither atom takes more than its share of electrons. Metallic: A type of bond that allows valence electrons to move freely among ions. Electronegativity: Determines what type of bond will form.

The ability of an atom or functional group to draw electrons to itself is known as electronegativity in chemistry.

Diatomic molecules consist only of two atoms, whether they are from the same or distinct chemical elements.

Since charges fluctuate, a momentary dipole moment occurs in a so-called nonpolar molecule at any given time if the charge arrangement is spherically symmetric when averaged across time.

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The value of ΔG for the first reaction was calculated to be -16,21,956 kJ. The reaction is spontaneous as the value of ΔG is negative. The value of ΔS for the second reaction is 3.8 J/K. In the second equation, neither the forward nor the reverse reaction is spontaneous.

ΔG only relates to variations where the temperature and the pressure are constant. This is where most reactions take place in the lab. The system is typically open to the environment (constant pressures) and the reaction is started or ended at room temperature.

If ΔG < 0, the process is spontaneous. If ΔG = 0, the system is stable. If ΔG > 0, the process isn’t spontaneous according to the formula but occurs in the opposite direction.

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The balanced diet refers to consuming a variety of foods in appropriate proportions to provide all the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal health and well-being.

(a) It involves incorporating different food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, protein sources, and dairy products, to ensure the body receives a proper balance of essential nutrients.

(b) Magellan took live animals on the voyage for various reasons. Firstly, the animals provided a source of fresh food, such as meat, milk, and eggs, which could supplement their diet during the long journey. Secondly, the animals could be used for breeding, ensuring a sustainable supply of food in case of shortages. Additionally, live animals were also valuable for trade and barter with indigenous communities encountered during the voyage.

(c) (I) A deficiency disease refers to a health condition that occurs due to a lack or inadequate intake of specific nutrients, vitamins, or minerals essential for normal bodily functions.

(lI) One symptom of scurvy is the development of swollen, bleeding gums. Other symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, joint pain, shortness of breath, and impaired wound healing.

(IlI) Scurvy is caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Vitamin C is necessary for the production of collagen, a protein that helps maintain the health of blood vessels, gums, and other connective tissues in the body.

(iv) Elcaro did not develop scurvy because it is likely that they had access to fresh fruits and vegetables during the voyage. Fresh fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of vitamin C, and their consumption would have prevented the deficiency. The absence of scurvy among the crew of Elcaro suggests that they had a sufficient intake of vitamin C through their diet, avoiding the vitamin C deficiency responsible for scurvy.

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At a pressure of 1.13 atm and a volume of 35.9 L, 0.750 mol of an ideal gas will occupy a temperature of approximately 387.66°C.

Given information,

Pressure (P) = 1.13 atm

Volume (V) = 35.9 L

Number of moles (n) = 0.750 mol

The ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT

Where:

P = pressure (in atm)

V = volume (in liters)

n = number of moles

R = ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))

T = temperature (in Kelvin)

Now,

T = PV / (nR)

T = (1.13 * 35.9 ) / (0.750 * 0.0821)

T = (40.607 atm·L) / (0.061575 mol·L/(K·atm))

T ≈ 660.81 K

T(°C) = T(K) - 273.15

T(°C) ≈ 660.81 - 273.15

T(°C) ≈ 387.66°C

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There are approximately [tex]1.258 x 10^2^3[/tex] formula units in 50.0 g of PbO2.

We must utilize the molar mass of PbO2 (lead dioxide) and the idea of Avogadro's number to calculate the number of formula units in a given mass of PbO2.

The molar mass of PbO2 is calculated as follows:

1 atom of Pb (lead) has a molar mass of approximately 207.2 g/mol.

2 atoms of O (oxygen) have a combined molar mass of approximately 32.0 g/mol (16.0 g/mol per oxygen atom).

Therefore, the molar mass of PbO2 is:

Molar mass of PbO2 = (1 * molar mass of Pb) + (2 * molar mass of O)

= (1 * 207.2 g/mol) + (2 * 16.0 g/mol)

= 207.2 g/mol + 32.0 g/mol

= 239.2 g/mol

Now, we can use the molar mass to determine the number of formula units in 50.0 g of PbO2.

Number of moles = Mass (in grams) / Molar mass

= 50.0 g / 239.2 g/mol

≈ 0.209 moles (rounded to three decimal places)

Since 1 mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of particles [tex](approximately 6.022 x 10^2^3),[/tex]we can calculate the number of formula units by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number:

Number of formula units = Number of moles * Avogadro's number

[tex]= 0.209 moles * (6.022 x 10^2^3 formula units/mole)[/tex]

≈[tex]1.258 x 10^2^3 formula units[/tex]

Therefore, there are approximately[tex]1.258 x 10^2^3[/tex] formula units in 50.0 g of PbO2.

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Approximately 12.27 grams mass of AgCl will be produced from 5g of NaCl and 103g of AgNO₃.

Given information,

Mass of NaCl = 5g

Mass of AgNO₃ = 103g

The number of moles of NaCl and AgNO₃:

Molar mass of NaCl = 22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44 g/mol

Number of moles of NaCl = 5.00/ 58.44 = 0.0856 mol

Molar mass of AgNO₃ = 107.87 + 14.01 ) + 3 × 16.00 = 169.87 g/mol

Number of moles of AgNO₃ = 103 / 169.87 = 0.606 mol

The stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation between NaCl and AgNO₃:  AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃

1 mole of AgNO₃ reacts with one mole of NaCl to produce one mole of AgCl.

For NaCl: Moles of AgCl produced from NaCl = 0.0856 mol

For AgNO₃: Moles of AgCl produced from AgNO₃ = 0.606 mol

Since NaCl produces fewer moles of AgCl, it is the limiting reactant.

Molar mass of AgCl = 107.87 + 35.45 = 143.32 g/mol

Mass of AgCl produced from NaCl = 0.0856 × 143.32 ≈ 12.27 g

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As per the data given in the question, the water in this experiment absorbs approximately 10450 joules (J) of energy according to the calorimeter data.

To determine the amount of energy absorbed by the water in the experiment (qH₂O), we need to use the formula:

qH₂O = m × c × ΔT

where:

qH₂O represents the energy absorbed by the water (in joules, J),

m is the mass of the water (in grams, g),

c is the specific heat capacity of water (in J/g°C), and

ΔT is the change in temperature of the water (in °C).

From the provided calorimeter data, we have:

Mass of the water (m) = 100.0 g

Specific heat capacity of water (c) = 4.18 J/g°C

Initial temperature (T₁) = 21.2 °C

Final temperature (T₂) = 46.2 °C

To calculate ΔT, we use the formula: ΔT = T₂ - T₁

ΔT = 46.2 °C - 21.2 °C = 25 °C

Now we can substitute the values into the formula for qH₂O:

qH₂O = (100.0 g) × (4.18 J/g°C) × (25 °C)

qH₂O ≈ 10450 J

Therefore, the water in this experiment absorbs approximately 10450 joules (J) of energy according to the calorimeter data.

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Answer:

Given:

Mass of glucose (m) = 281.1 g

Molar mass of glucose (MM) = 180.2 g/mol

Volume of solution (V) = 325 mL

First, let's convert the volume of the solution from milliliters (mL) to liters (L):

V = 325 mL = 325/1000 L = 0.325 L

Next, we can calculate the mass of glucose in the solution using its molar mass and the given mass:

moles of glucose (n) = m / MM

n = 281.1 g / 180.2 g/mol

Now, we need to calculate the mass percent by volume:

mass percent by volume = (mass of glucose / mass of solution) x 100

mass of solution = mass of glucose

mass percent by volume = (mass of glucose / mass of solution) x 100

= (n x MM / V) x 100

Substituting the values:

mass percent by volume = ((281.1 g / 180.2 g/mol) x 180.2 g/mol) / 0.325 L) x 100

Calculating this expression will give us the mass percent by volume of glucose in the solution.

When there is an increase in an activity, like sales or manufacturing, the overall amount of an expense, known as a fixed expense, does not change.

Thus, Normal definitions typically include the phrase within a relevant or appropriate range of activity since a change is likely to take place at fixed expense either an exceptionally high or low volume or expense.

Of course, the rent will probably need to adjust if sales quadruple or fall to 20% of the average level. However, as the extreme circumstances are outside of the relevant range for short-term analysis, the current rent of $2,000 is regarded as a fixed expense.)

The following are some instances of costs that are probably set within a fair range of retail sales, The yearly pay for the shop manager.

Thus, When there is an increase in an activity, like sales or manufacturing, the overall amount of an expense, known as a fixed expense, does not change.

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