While dissolving 92.0 grams of CH3CH2OH, ethanol, in 270. g of water. 7.41 mol/kg, is the molality of ethanol in the solution.
To determine the molality of ethanol in the solution, we need to first find the number of moles of ethanol and then divide that by the number of kg of water.
To find the moles of ethanol, we can use the formula:
Mass of ethanol divided by its molar mass yields moles of ethanol.
moles of ethanol = (92.0 g) / (46.07 g/mol) = 2.00 moles
To find the number of kg of water, we can convert the mass of water from grams to kg using the conversion factor 1 kg = 1000 g:
mass of water in kg = (270. g) / (1000 g/kg) = 0.270 kg
Now, we can calculate the molality of ethanol in the solution using the formula:
molality = 2.00 moles / 0.270 kg = 7.41 mol/kg
The molality of ethanol in the solution is 7.41 mol/kg.
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Q2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase, number of carbon atoms, structure and
boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes? Explain the patterns you observe.
3 het da
think will be the hailine point of the next alkane, alkene, and alkyne? Will the boiling point of each
The boiling points of alkenes and alkynes are generally lower than those of alkanes.
phase observed:
a.) Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane are in a gaseous form in Alkanes (Table 1).
The liquid states of pentene, hexane, heptane, and octane are present.
in alkenes (table 2)
Gaseous forms of ethene, propane, and 1-butane exist.
Both one-pentene and one-hexene are liquids.
c.) Ethyne, propyne, and 2-butane are in the gas phase whereas pentyne is in the liquid phase in the alkynes (table 3).
Number of carbon atoms actually seen:
Alkanes - join one carbon atom to another in a single bond.
Double bonds between carbon atoms are formed in alkenes.
Triple bonds between carbon atoms are formed in alkynes.
Boiling point:The structure of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is shown by their boiling points. when a material transitions from the liquid to gas phases, its temperature.
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3. The solubility of salt (NaCl) in water at room temperature is 35.9 grams of NaCl per 100
grams of water. What will happen if 50 grams of NaCl are stirred into 100 grams of water?
Based on the solubility of salt (NaCl) in water at room temperature which is 35.9 grams of NaCl per 100 grams of water, if 50 grams of NaCl are stirred into 100 grams of water, there will remain an excess of undissolved sodium chloride in the solution.
What is the solubility of a solute?The greatest concentration of a solute that may dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature is known as the solubility of that solute.
There are three types of solutions based on the amount of dissolved solute:
unsaturated solutions saturated solutions supersaturated solutionsThe solution is deemed saturated when the solute concentration reaches its maximum.
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exercise 3.8: the right mineral for the right job in this exercise, you will indicate what physical property you think would make a mineral appropriate for the use indicated, and in some cases name a mineral that could be used for this purpose. in some instances, more than one mineral will meet the requirements and more than one property is required. part 2.a. what mineral would be a good abrasive?
A mineral that would be a good abrasive would have a high hardness and a rough or jagged surface. Examples of minerals that can be used as abrasives include diamond, corundum (which includes ruby and sapphire).
Abrasives are materials that are used to wear down or remove material from a surface by means of friction. They are commonly used in industrial applications such as sanding, grinding, and polishing. To be a good abrasive, a mineral needs to be hard and have a high Mohs hardness scale rating. Some examples of minerals that are commonly used as abrasives include diamond, corundum (aluminum oxide), and silicon carbide. Additionally, some minerals that have a distinct crystal structure, such as flint or garnet, can also be used for abrasive applications due to their sharp edges.
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what is the term for the study of chemical substances derived from plants and animals? group of answer choices alchemy biochemistry inorganic chemistry organic chemistry none of the above
The study of chemicals originating from plants and animals is referred to as biochemistry.
What is the purpose of biochemistry?Brioche mixes biology and chemistry to study living things. It propels advancements in forensics, medicine, or nutrition, among other fields of science and medicine. Understanding chemical interactions at the molecular level through biochemistry can aid in expanding your understanding of the universe and its applications.
What three areas of biochemistry are there?Structured biology, enzymology, and metabolism are the three subfields of biochemistry, a branch of both biology and chemistry. Biochemistry has proven effective in elucidating life processes that use these three disciplines over the later decades of the 20th century.
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Use the periodic to fill in the numbers in the electron configurations shown below.
B: 1s2 2sA2pB
A =
2
B =
1
Na: 1s22sC2pD3sE
C =
D =
E =
Answer:
B: 1s²2s²2p¹
Na: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
Explanation:
A = 2
B = 1
C = 2
D = 6
E = 1
6. Perform the following calculations and report each answer to the correct number of significant figures: a. 162.1 g + 38.73 g + 1.554 g
b. 21.9 m + 6.34 m + 157 m
c. 0.004 dm + 0.12508 dm
d. 2.0 L + 2.4L + 2.51L
e. .025 mol + .0267 mol + .00287 mol
f. 9.88 s-7.2 s
g. 44.7 kg - 2.7 kg
h. 20 L - 20.0 L i. 2.89g - 3.00g
j. 8.894 mL - 9.23 mL
Answer:
Explanation:
a) 202.4 g
b) 185.24 m
c) 0.13 dm
d) 6.91 L
e)0.0546 mol
f) 2.7 s
g) 42kg
h) 0
i) -0.11 g
j) -0.34 mL
what is the mass of iron (in grams) contained in 98.34 g of an iron ore which is 80.00% hematite, fe2o3? (iron ore is a rock which contains a mixture of hematite and other minerals).
A mass of iron (in grammes) of 55.71 g can be found in an iron ore comprising 98.34 g and 80.00% hematite, also known as fe2o3. Hematite and other minerals combination in the rock known as iron ore.
Iron(III) oxide, also referred to as ferric oxide, is an inorganic compound having the chemical formula Fe2O3. The other two primary iron oxides (Fe3O4) are iron(II,III) oxide, which is rare, and iron(II,III) oxide. A body's mass is a key feature. It was widely believed to be connected to the volume of matter in a physical body before to the atom's discovery and the development of particle physics.
98.34 g of iron ore 80.00% of hematite
55.71g of iron are found in Fe2o3.
iron ore = 98.34 g
hematite = 80.00%
The mass of iron in Fe2o3 is 55.71g
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in the reaction between 1-butanol and potassium dichromate, some products are butanoic acid and the chromium(iii) cation. write and balance this redox reaction (hint, it is in acidic solution).
The balanced redox reaction for the reaction between 1-butanol and potassium dichromate in acidic solution is:
C4H9OH + K2Cr2O7 + 6H+ → C4H7O2 + 2Cr3+ + K+ + 7H2O
In this reaction, 1-butanol (C4H9OH) is oxidized to butanoic acid (C4H7O2) by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) which acts as an oxidizing agent. The hydrogen ions (H+) are added to balance the acidity of the solution. Potassium ions (K+) and water molecules (H2O) are produced as byproducts. The oxidation of 1-butanol to butanoic acid is a result of the loss of electrons from the alcohol molecule, specifically from the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group, which leads to the formation of a carbonyl group. This process is called oxidation as it increases the oxidation state of the carbon atom from -1 to +3, and it is accompanied by a decrease in the oxidation state of the chromium ion, from +6 to +3.
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consider a hypothetical reaction in which a and b are reactants and c and d are products. if 25 g of a completely reacts with 21 g of b to produce 11 g of c, how many grams of d will be produced?
The amount of d will be produced in the hypothetical reaction is calculated as 35g
What is a reactant?Raw materials called reactants engage with one another to create products. Under the appropriate conditions, such as temperature, time, or pressure, the chemical bonds of the reactants are broken, and the atoms create new bonds that result in various combinations.
A + B => C + D
25g 21g 11g xg
According to the law of conservation of mass
=> Reactants - Products = 0
25 + 21 -(11 + x) =0
X => 25 + 21 - 11 = 35g
What does a chemical reaction generate?When atoms develop or destroy chemical bonds, chemical processes happen. Reactants are the substances that commence a chemical reaction, while products are the substances that are produced as a result of the reaction. A substance that is present following a chemical reaction is known as a product.
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1. Can a ping pong ball have greater momentum than a bowling ball?
2. Rank these cars in order of increasing momentum:
Car A: 1000 Kg moving at 20 m/s
Car B: 1200 Kg moving at 30 m/s Car C: 2000 Kg moving at 3 m/s
3. A volleyball with a momentum of .85 kg m/s has a mass of .12 kg. What is it's speed?
4. What impulse is delivered to a baseball struck with a force of 2350 N when the bat contacts the ball for .0013 s?
5. As you drive your car at 65 mph, you feel a gust of wind push the
car from the front dropping your speed to 63 mph temporarily. Is
the wind internal or external to the system?
6. Two ice skaters stand at rest in the center of an ice rink. When they push off against one another, is the force internal or external to the system?
If the 45 kg skater acquires a speed of .65 m/s what is the speed of the other skater who is 55 kg?
7. A 92 kg astronaut and a 1200 kg satellite are at rest relative to the nearby space ship. The astronaut pushes on the satellite, giving it a speed of .25 m/s away from the ship. 11.4 seconds later the astronaut reaches the ship. What was the initial distance from the ship to the astronaut?
Answer:
Answer: A, C, and D
Momentum can be thought of as mass in motion. An object has momentum if it has its mass in motion. It matters not whether the object is of large mass or small mass, moving with constant speed or accelerating; if the object is MOVING, then it has momentum!
Explanation:
i did it to
a certain substance has a heat of vaporization of 53.11 kj/mol. at what kelvin temperature will the vapor pressure be 5.00 times higher than it was at 293 k?
To calculate T2:
ln(5) = (53.11*10^3 J/mol)/(8.314 J/mol.K) * (1/293 - 1/T2)
T2 = (53.1110^3 J/mol)/(8.314 J/mol.Kln(5)) + (1/293)^-1
T2 = 674.9 K
Therefore, the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the substance is 5 times higher than it was at 293 K is 674.9 K.
What do you mean by heat of vaporization?
The heat of vaporization is the energy required to convert one mole of a substance from the liquid to the gaseous state. The vapor pressure of a substance is the pressure exerted by its vapor when in equilibrium with its liquid form at a given temperature.
What are the properties of vaporization?Vaporization is the process of transforming a liquid into a gas. It is also known as evaporation. Since we know that the particles of a gas are moving faster than those of a liquid, an input of energy must be required for a liquid to become a gas.
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9. A compound is 19. 3% Na, 26. 9% S, and 53. 8% 0. Its formula mass is 238 g. What is its molecular formula?
Answer:
Na2S2O8
Explanation:
See the attached worksheet. Make the convenient assumption that we have 238 grams of the compound. Then calculate the actual masses of each element. For example, there is (19.3%)*(238g) = 45.94 grams of Na. Now divide that by the molar mass of sodium (23 g/mole) to obtain the actual moles of Na in the 238 gram sample. Na is 2.0 moles.
Do the same for all the elements. We can see from the attached table that there are whole numbers of moles for each of the elements. That very convenient outcome allows us to saw that there are 2 Na, 2 S, and 4 O for each molecule of the compound. The molecular formula is Na2S2O8.
=====
In the common event that the moles are not all whole numbers, the smallest one should be multiplied by a factor that makes, or keeps it whole, and the same factor is used on the other elements. If all are whole, then stop. The new values represent the molecular formula. For example, if the outcome of this calculation was 1.5, 2, and 2.5, multiply the smallest by 2 to get 3. The others are also multiplied by the same factor, which will yield a result of Na3S4O5.
Values of 1, 2.33 and 4 would be multiplied by 3 (3*2.33 = 7) to yield Na3S7O12, for example.
a solution transmits 82% of the incoming light at 520 nm. calculate the absorbance of the sample at 520 nm.
The absorbance of sample which transmits 82% of the incoming at 520nm is 0.0862.
Beer-Lambert law states that for a particular material sample, the path length as well as the concentration of the sample are directly proportional to the absorbance of the light.
The absorbance of light can be calculated by the formula,
A = 2-log 10 T%
Where, A is the absorbance and T% is the percentage transmission of light by the given sample.
T% = 82%
⇒ A = 2-log 10 T%
⇒ A = 2-log 10 (82)
⇒ A = 2 - 1.9138
⇒ A = 0.0862
The absorbance of sample which transmits 82% of the incoming at 520nm is 0.0862.
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The valence electrons are found...
A. in the innermost electron shell.
B. in the outermost proton shell.
C. in the outermost electron shell.
C. in the outermost electron shell.
Explanation:Electrons are the smallest part of an atom.
Part of the Atom
There are 3 subatomic particles that make up the atom. These 3 particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each particle has its own charge. Protons are positively charged. Neutrons have no charge (neutral). Electrons have a negative charge. Additionally, the proton and neutron are located within the nucleus. The electrons are in electron shells that orbit the nucleus.
Since the proton shell doesn't exist, we know B is incorrect.
Valence Electrons
Most elements have multiple electron shells, also known as energy levels. The electrons on the outermost shell are the valence electrons. These are the electrons that are involved in bonding and the creation of ions. Remember that ions are atoms that have had electrons added or removed.
when distilling of a product from a reaction mixture using a water-cooled condenser, the best way to do it is to:
When distilling a product from a reaction mixture, a water-cooled condenser is often the best way to do it.
This method helps ensure that maximum vapor pressure can be achieved, and that the product is effectively separated from any impurities in the reaction mixture.
In order to achieve the best results, the condenser should be equipped with a cooling jacket so that the temperature of the condenser can be adjusted to the desired level.
The condenser should also be placed in a position that allows the product to flow through the condenser with minimal turbulence. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the surface of the condenser is clean, as any dust or dirt on the surface may impact the effectiveness of the condenser.
Lastly, the condenser should be regularly checked and maintained to ensure that it is functioning properly. By following these steps, distilling a product from a reaction mixture using a water-cooled condenser should be a successful and stress-free process.
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Suppose that you run a reaction in ethanol to form a very non-polar organic substance. How would you extract your product?
Select one:
a- After the reaction is complete, add water and ethanol to a separatory funnel and separate the layers.
b- After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
c- After the reaction is complete, add suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
d- There is more than one correct answer.
The correct answer for extracting a very non-polar organic substance from a reaction run in ethanol is
option b - After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
Here you use a rotovap to remove the ethanol and then redissolve the product in a suitable organic solvent and water, followed by separation. This method effectively removes the ethanol, which is polar and allows for the separation of the non-polar product using an appropriate organic solvent. Option a and c also may work as they both involve separating the layers using an immiscible solvent and water, but option b is the best choice for the non-polar compound.
Option d is incorrect as there is only one correct answer.
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Pls help!! “write the following metals using Roman numeral notation. Then explain why the Roman numeral differs for these metals. •Cu1+ •CoCl2
Answer:
Cu1+ can be written as "Cu+" in Roman numeral notation.
CoCl2 can be written as "CoCl2" in Roman numeral notation.
Roman numeral notation is used to indicate the oxidation state of an element in a compound. The oxidation state is the charge an atom would have if all of the bonding electrons were assigned to the more electronegative atom. The + sign shows that Copper has lost an electron and now has a positive charge.
In the case of CoCl2, the Roman numeral notation is not used since cobalt does not have variable oxidation states and therefor it does not have any change in its charge to indicate.
glucose (a monosaccharide) has the molecular formula c6h12o6. how many carbon atoms are in each glucose molecule?
Glucose (a monosaccharide) has the molecular formula c6h12o6. The number of carbon atoms are in each glucose molecule is 6 carbon atoms.
Glucose is an organic compound that forms carbohydrates with monosaccharide types and is the simplest type of carbohydrate. Glucose is a form of carbohydrate metabolism which functions as the main energy source which is controlled by insulin.
The chemical formula of glucose is C6H12O6 which means that glucose is composed of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms. Glucose is also an aldehyde which contains -CHO groups and forms a pyranose ring which is in equilibrium with a more reactive form.
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an energy bar contains 26 g of carbohydrates and 5g of fat. how many calories will you obtain by eating the bar
The amount of calories that you will obtain by eating the energy bar is: 149 calories
What are calories?Calories are a unit of energy measurement that expresses the amount of energy that a food can provide to the body when the food is digested and absorbed.
To solve this problem we must perform the following algebraic operations with the given information
Information about the problem:
1 g of carbohydrates = 4 calories1 g of fat = 9 caloriesCalories (26 g carbohydrates)=?Calories (5 g of fat) =?Calories in the energy bar = ?Calculating how many calories are in 26 g carbohydrates we have:
Calories (26 g carbohydrates)= 26 * 4 calories
Calories (26 g carbohydrates)= 104 calories
Calculating how many calories are in 5 g fat we have:
Calories (5 g fat)= 5 * 9 calories
Calories (5 g fat)= 45 calories
Calculating how many calories are in the energy bar we have:
Calories (energy bar)= 104 calories + 45 calories
Calories (energy bar)= 149 calories
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Assuming that the ion formed has a noble gas configuration, write a chemical equation that shows the formation of a oxide ion from a
neutral oxygen atom
The chemical equation that shows the formation of a oxide ion from a neutral oxygen atom :
O + e⁻ ---> O⁻
O⁻ + e⁻ ---> O²⁻
The electronic configuration of oxygen is given as :
oxygen electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
An oxygen atom when gains the two electrons in order to obtain the noble gas configuration . the noble gas is neon, with an octet of valence electrons.
The equations is given as :
O + e⁻ ---> O⁻
O⁻ + e⁻ ---> O²⁻
The Neon electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
The O²⁻ electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
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10g of boron combines with hydrogen to form 11.554g of a pure compound. what is the empirical formula of this compound?
10 g of boron combines with hydrogen to form 11.554 g of a pure compound. The empirical formula of this compound is B₃H₅.
The mass of the boron = 10 g
The mass of the compound = 11.554 g
Mass of hydrogen = 11.55 g - 10.00 g = 1.55 g
The moles of the boron = 10 / 10.811
= 0.92 mols
The moles of the hydrogen = 1.55 / 1
= 1.55
Dividing by the smallest one, we get
Moles of Boron = 0.59
Moles of Hydrogen = 1
Converting to the smallest whole number we get:
Moles of Boron = 3
Moles of Hydrogen = 5
The empirical formula is B₃H₅.
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Assignment: Balancing Chemical Equations
Balance each chemical equation.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Na3N →
H3PO4 +
N₂ +
H₂O2 →
Zn +
C₂H6+
Na +
N₂ +
KOH →
H₂ →
O₂ +
HCI →>>
0₂ →
CuCl2 + H₂S →
O₂ →>>
N₂
K3PO4 +
NH3
H₂O
ZnCl₂ +
CO₂ +
CUS +
N₂O5
H₂
H₂O
H₂O
HCI
M
It requires writing and balancing a chemical equation to extend this symbology to indicate both the identities and the relative quantities of substances experiencing a chemical (or physical) transformation.
What is balancing a chemical equation ?By the time you've finished reading this chapter, you should be able to: • Derive chemical equations from narrative accounts of chemical reactions.Create chemical equations in molecular, total ionic, and net ionic formats, and balance them.Element symbols were first used to depict individual atoms in the chapter before that. Chemical formulas are created by modifying or combining atoms' symbols in order to produce ions or molecules when atoms get or lose electrons to produce them, or when atoms join to form molecules. It requires writing and balancing a chemical equation to extend this symbology to indicate both the identities and the relative quantities of substances experiencing a chemical (or physical) transformation.As an illustration, think about the reaction that results in the production of one carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule and two water molecules from the reaction of one methane molecule (CH4) and two diatomic oxygen molecules (O2).To Learn more About balancing a chemical equation Refer To:
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Convert each given mass to number of representative particles. Identify the type of
representative particle, and express the number in scientific notation
A. 4.56*10^3 g Si
Number of particles in 4.56*10^3 g Si equals 9.78 × 10²⁵ Si atoms.
The smallest unit in which a substance naturally exists is called a representative particle. The atom is the representative particle for most elements. Iron, carbon, and helium are made up of individual iron, carbon, and helium atoms.
Given,
Mass of Si = 4.56 × 10³ g
Molar mass of Si = 28.085 g/mol
number of moles = mass × 1 mol / grams
⇒ 4.56 × 10³g Si × 1 moles / 28.085 g Si
⇒ 162.4 mol Si
Moles of Si = 162.4 mol
Number of representative particles = number of moles x [6.02 × 10²³] / 1 mol
⇒[ 162.4 mol Si x 6.02 × 10²³ Si] / 1 mol Si
= 9.78 × 10²⁵ Si atoms
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Class _______ extinguishers are pressurized with non-flammable carbon dioxide gas, dry chemical, wet chemical, or clean agent/halogen
Class C extinguishers are pressurized with non-flammable carbon dioxide gas, dry chemical, wet chemical, or clean agent/halogen.
Pressurized fire extinguishers called Class C extinguishers are made to put out electrical fires. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), dry chemicals, wet chemicals, clean agents/halogens, or a combination of the four are the only possible fillers.
By replacing oxygen with CO₂, CO₂ extinguishers efficiently suffocate fires. Due to the fact that CO₂ is a non-conductive gas, they are most useful for Class C fires involving live electrical equipment.
Although CO₂ extinguishers can be used to put out Class B flammable liquid fires, they are not advised because they do not leave any residue.
The purpose of dry chemical extinguishers is to smother flames by preventing fuel from being released into the air, which stops a fire's chain reaction and stops it from spreading.
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What volume of air at room conditions (20c , 760 torr) would be required to combust a full lighter of butane
The amount of air required to combust a full lighter of butane can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction. The complete combustion of butane (C4H10) can be represented by the following equation:
C4H10 + 6O2 -> 4CO2 + 5H2O
From this equation, we can see that for every mole of butane combusted, 6 moles of oxygen are required. To determine the volume of air required, we need to know the concentration of oxygen in air.
Air is composed of approximately 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen, and since the pressure of air is 760 torr, the partial pressure of oxygen is:
0.21 * 760 torr = 160 torr
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Two identical blocks are heated to different temperatures. The blocks are placed so that they touch, and heat begins to flow between the blocks. The pair of blocks is insulated, so no energy escapes. Later, the temperature of each block is measured again. Which pair of temperatures is possible.
PLEASE HURRY.
The pair of temperatures that is possible for the two insulated identical blocks at different temperatures are placed so that they touch, and heat begins to flow between the blocks is 103 °C and 22 °C.
The correct option is D.
What is heat energy?Heat energy is the form of energy that results due to a temperature difference that exists between two objects. Heat energy is also known as thermal energy.
Heat is the energy that is transferred from a body with a high temperature to one with a lower temperature.
When two objects at different temperatures are placed in contact, heat energy will flow from the hotter to the cooler object.
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Jim is studying growth of underwater plants in an aquarium. He notices the limiting factor on the plants is availability of light. Jim places the aquarium in a place where it will get more sunlight.
What will happen to the underwater plants?
Existing plants will become smaller, but new plants will grow.
Existing plants will grow larger, but no new plants will grow.
Existing plants will grow larger, but no new plants will grow.
Existing plants will grow larger and new plants will grow.
Existing plants will become smaller and no new plants will grow.
The thing that will happen to the underwater plants is option D: Existing plants will grow larger and new plants will grow.
What is the plant about?The existing plants in the aquarium were limited in their growth by the availability of light. By increasing the amount of sunlight the aquarium receives, the plants will now have access to more light energy, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
Therefore, This increased light energy will allow the existing plants to grow larger. Additionally, the increased light will also provide the necessary energy for new plants to grow, resulting in an increase in the overall number of plants in the aquarium.
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what is the symbol (including the atomic number, mass number, and element symbol) for the carbon isotope with 7 neutrons?
Carbon happens naturally in 3 isotopes: carbon 12, that has six neutrons (plus six protons for a total of twelve neutrons), carbon 13, which has seven neutrons, as well as carbon 14, which now has eight neutrons. Each element individual has a unique unique number of isotopes.
To create the symbol for just an isotope, add the atomic number as just a subscript towards the left of the atomic symbol as well as the mass amount (protons plus neutrons) as just a superscript.
Carbon (C) does have an atomic number of six, implying that almost all neutral carbon atoms possess six protons and six electrons. In a normal carbon-containing material sample, 98.89% of both the carbon atoms also have 6 neutrons, giving each one a mass number of 12.
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The peed of light i 3.0 x 10^8 m/. If the ditance from Earth to the Sun i 1.5 x 10^8 km, how many minute doe it take for light from the Sun to reach the Earth?
minute
The time taken for the light from the sun to reach the earth is 8.33 minutes.
Convert the distance from Earth to the Sun from kilometres to meters:
1.5 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] km = 1.5 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] m = 1.5 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex] m
Time = Distance/ Speed = 1.5 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex] m/ (3.0 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s) = 0.5 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] s
To convert this time to minutes, divide by 60 (the number of seconds in a minute):
Time = 0.5 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] s / 60 s/min = 8.333 min
So, it takes about 8.333 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth.
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element z has half-life of 20 minutes. in an events chain concept map tracing the nuclear decay of a 200 g sample of element z, how many grams of the sample would remain after one half-life?
100 grams of the sample would remain after one half-life.
A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of reaction is linearly dependent on the concentration of only one reactant, ie. in a first-order reaction, the rate is affected by changes in the concentration of only one of the reactants. Radioactive decay is a first order reaction of chemical kinetics.
Equation of first order reaction is : kt = 2.303 log [A₀]/[A]
Given, half life = 20 minutes means that k(20) = 2.303 log [A₀]/[A₀/2]
k(20) = 2.303 x log 2
k(20) = 2.303 x 0.3010
k(20) = 0.693
k = 0.693/20
k = 0.034
Now, we know the value of k. Putting this value in the first order reaction equation:-
kt=2.303 log 200/[A]
0.693/20 x 20 = 2.303 log 200/[A]
0.693 = 2.303 log 200/[A]
0.3010 = log 200/[A]
log 2 = log 200/[A]
Hence, 2 = 200/[A]
[A] = 200/2
[A] = 100g
Other approach would be, in this first order reaction of chemical kinetics, according to question, one half life passes. After one half life, amount of radiactive substance becomes half. So, if initially we had 200g of sample, after one half life, we'd have half of this value = 100g remaining sample.
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