The profit-maximizing output for your firm is 5.
Competitive Market: When there are numerous producers striving to offer consumers the goods and services they require, that market is said to be competitive. No one producer or consumer can control the market in a competitive one. The five traits of profit, diminishability, rivalry, excludability, and rejectability are shared by all competitive markets.
Cost Function: The functional relationship between cost and output is referred to as the "cost function." It examines the cost behaviour at various output levels under the assumption of constant technology. It can be stated as follows: C = f(Q) (where Q = Quantum of output and C = Cost of production).
Profit-maximizing Output: When the value of the final unit of production (marginal revenue) equals the cost of generating the final unit of production, a manager optimises profit (marginal cost). Maximum profit is the output at which MC and MR are equal.
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a company reported $100,000 in sales and $80,000 in variable costs at the breakeven point of 200 units. if the company sells 201 units, net profit will be blank . multiple choice question. $500 $200 $100 $400
If the company sells 201 units, net profit will be $100
Explain net profit.A company's net profit is calculated after operational expenses, taxes, interest, and depreciation are all deducted from its total revenues. The term is also known as "net earnings" or "net income" and is frequently referred to as a company's "bottom line."
Simply said, profit is the portion of a company's income that is left over after expenses. However, net profit, which is a single number that indicates a certain kind of profit, is more precisely defined. The most well-known bottom line on a company's financial statement is its net profit, often known as net income.
Total revenue - total expenses = net profit
The net profit margin is a measure of net profit (net income) as a proportion of sales for the business. In other terms, the ratio of a company's net income to revenues is known as its net profit margin. Although it can also be written as a decimal, the net profit margin is commonly expressed as a percentage.
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modeling real life you have $25 to purchase apps on your cell phone. each app that you want costs $3.99. describe the numbers of apps you can purchase.
6 apps .
There are a total of six apps available for purchase.
Explain unitary method?The unitary method is the method in which we first find the value of one unit and then the value of the required number of units.The unitary method technique for solving problems that involves first determining the value of a single unit and then multiplying that value by the required value.Here it is given that :
Total amount = $25.
Per app costs = $3.99.
As a result, a large number of apps can be purchased.
= 25/3.99
= 6.2656
= 6 apps .
As a result, six apps are available for purchase.
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eople buy insurance: a. to insure against poor health. b. because of externalities. c. because they are risk averse. d. to defer consumption. e. to maximize their welfare.
Aversion to risk is the main reason why people purchase insurance.
What is an aversion to risk?Risk avoidance is the propensity to do so. A risk-averse investor is one who favors capital preservation over the possibility of earning a higher-than-average return. Price volatility in investing equals risk. Investing in a risky asset can either make you wealthy or eat up your savings. A cautious investment will increase gradually over time. More stability equates to low risk.
A low-risk investment ensures a respectable, if unspectacular, return with an essentially zero percent chance of losing any of the initial investment. In most cases, the return on a low-risk investment will eventually match or slightly exceed the rate of inflation. Money could be made or lost on a high-risk investment. Risk seeking can be contrasted with being risk averse.
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assume you have an offer from the dealer to trade in your used vehicle for $20,000 and another offer from a friend for $21,000. also assume that you live in seminole county where there is a 7% sales tax. the dealer will offset the trade in value against your new car purchase price reducing the amount of sales tax you will pay. if you sell the car to a friend, there is no sales tax offset. which is the better deal?
The better deal will be to trade with third party at $20,000, because that will lead to a reduction in sales tax that we will be paying.
Calculation:
Trading with friend = $21000
Sales tax to be paid = $21,000*7% = $1470
Trading with 3rd party = $20,000
Sales tax = $20,000*7% = 14000
and this sales tax will get reduced when we will new car, hence dealing with third party is much better idea.
A sales tax is a fee that is paid to the government when particular goods and services are sold. Typically, laws permit the vendor to charge the customer the tax at the time of purchase. Use taxes are generally used to indicate taxes on goods and services that customers pay directly to a governing authority.
The complete question is here:
Assume you have an offer from the dealer to trade in your used vehicle for $20,000 and another offer from a friend for $21,000. Also assume that you live in Seminole County where there is a 7% sales tax.
The dealer will offset the trade in value against your new car purchase price reducing the amount of sales tax you will pay. If you sell the car to a friend, there is no sales tax offset.
Which is the better deal?
Group of answer choices
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which type of marketing channel includes a retailer or other intermediaries in the delivery of goods and services to consumers? multiple choice question. single-stage online direct indirect
The type of marketing channel that includes a retailer or other intermediaries in the delivery of goods and services to consumers is: Indirect.
What is the indirect channel method?The indirect method of distribution often involves the intermediaries who are put in place to ensure that the goods reach the final consumers.
This indirect channel of distribution is important because it releases the manufacturer from the load of promoting the goods to ensure that they get to the final consumer. This is taken over by third parties who now do the job.
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this year, jong paid $3,000 of interest on a qualified education loan. jong files married filing jointly and reports modified agi of $157,000. what is jong's deduction for interest expense on an educational loan?
If this year, jong paid $3,000 of interest on a qualified education loan. jong files married filing jointly and reports modified agi of $157,000. jong's deduction for interest expense on an educational loan is: $1,075.
What is educational loan?Educational loan can be defined as a a loan given to student that are unable to pay for the tuition fee in which the student is expected to pay back the loan at within a stipulated period of time.
First step is to find the 2019 phase-out percentage
2019 phase-out percentage = [$157,000 - $140,000] ÷ $30,000
2019 phase-out percentage = $17,000 ÷ $30,000
2019 phase-out percentage = 57%
Now let determine the deduction for interest expenses
= 57%; maximum = $2,500 × (1 − 57%)
= $2,500 × 43%
= $1,075
Therefore we can conclude that $1075 is the deduction for interest expenses.
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given: department a 8,000 sq. ft., department b 5,000 sq. ft., and department c 6,000 sq. ft. the percent of overhead expense applied to department c to the nearest whole percent will be:
The percent of overhead expense applied to department c to the nearest whole percent is 32%.
The percent of overhead expense of department C is the proportion or the share of department C;s occupation compared to total.
Total area = department A + department B + department C
= 8,000 + 5,000 + 6,000
= 19,000 square feet
Percent of overhead expense of department C
= area of department C / total area x 100%
= 6000/19,000 x 100% = 32% ( to the nearest whole percent)
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Cassandra worked 20 hours last week at an hourly rate of $12 per hour. she paid $55 in taxes. the amount she keeps is called her: question 2 options: a. gross profit b. net pay c. gross pay d. net profit
The amount she keeps is called her gross pay.The promised salary is typically stated as the gross pay in job advertisements. This amount, which does not include any immediate or long-term incentives or bonuses, is sometimes referred to as your base salary.
Is a salary net or gross?The promised salary is typically stated as the gross pay in job advertisements. This amount, which does not include any immediate or long-term incentives or bonuses, is sometimes referred to as your base salary. Your net pay is what's left over after taxes and other withholdings have been deducted from your gross compensation.Before taxes, benefits, and other payroll deductions are taken out of an employee's paycheck, that amount is known as their gross pay. Net pay, often known as take-home pay, is the amount that is left after all withholdings have been taken into account. The promised salary is typically stated as the gross income in job advertisements. This amount, which does not include any immediate or long-term incentives or bonuses, is sometimes referred to as your base salary.To learn more about gross pay refer to:
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three weeks ago, you purchased a june $47.50 put option on wiggins, incorporated, stock at an option price of $.60 per share. the market price of the stock three weeks ago was $47.20. today, the stock is selling at $48.10 per share. what is the intrinsic value of your put contract?
The intrinsic value of your put contract of the stock selling is zero.
A value determined using simplified assumptions is typically referred to as an asset's intrinsic value. For instance, the intrinsic value of an option is determined by the underlying instrument's present market value, but it disregards the time value of money and potential future variations. If an option is in the money, it is considered to have inherent value.
When not in the black, it has no intrinsic value. This metric is determined using an intricate financial model or an objective computation. The intrinsic value of an asset is distinct from its present market value. The model combines the stock's current per-share book value with its discounted residual income to determine the stock's intrinsic value.
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on october 11, your firm receives a $7,500 down-payment toward a $15,000 video your firm will produce, and you book it in unearned revenue. if, at year-end, 20% of the work is completed, what adjusting entry will you record?
Adjusting entries are a group of journal entries made at the conclusion of the accounting period to ensure that the balances of all the accounts are current and accurate. Simple applications of the accrual basis of accounting are adjusting entries.
What does the accounting term "adjustment" mean?Simply said, an adjusting entry is a change you make to your books to better match your revenue and expenses with your financial statements. At the conclusion of the accounting period, adjusting entries are made. This can happen towards the conclusion of the month or the year.
Utility bills, salaries, and taxes are a few examples of expenses that are typically billed at a later time after they have been incurred. An adjustment entry is made to eliminate the account payable that was previously recorded together with the accumulated expense when the cash is paid.
Main Points : At the conclusion of an accounting period, adjusting journal entries are written in a company's general ledger to comply with the matching and revenue recognition standards. Accruals, deferrals, and estimations are the three most typical types of adjusting journal entries.
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a milling machine is used to process an automobile part. the processing time per part is 3 seconds. after producing 195 units of the part, the milling machine requires a 32 second maintenance process. demand for the part is 11 units per minute. what is the maximum inventory of a part (in units)?
The maximum inventory per minute is 8 units
What is inventory?
Both the materials used in manufacturing and the finished goods that are offered for sale are included in the definition of inventory. One of a company's most valuable assets is its inventory because it is one of the main sources of generating revenue and, consequently, a source of profits for the equity assets. There are three different types of inventory: finished goods, work-in-progress, and raw materials. On the balance sheet of a company, it is listed as a current asset. Inventory is a crucial asset for any business. It is described as the assortment of raw materials or finished products that a company maintains throughout the normal course of its operations.
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which financial statement elements (components) are reported in the income statement? multiple choice question. cash flow from operating, investing, and financing activities retained earnings and dividends assets and liabilities revenue and expenses
Financial statement elements that are recorded in income statement are revenues and expenses.
One of the three crucial financial statements used to represent a company's financial performance throughout a certain fiscal period is the income statement. The balance sheet and the statement of cash flows are the other two significant statements.
The revenue, expenditures, gains, and losses suffered by a business over a specific time period are the key themes of the income statement. An income statement, also referred to as the profit and loss (P&L) statement, offers vital information about a company's performance, the effectiveness of its management, underachieving industries, and its performance when compared to peers within the same industry.
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there was an extensive black market (illegal market) for many consumer products in the united states during world war ii. a likely explanation of the black market is that: group of answer choices gasoline rationing greatly restricted civilians from driving to stores. goods were not subject to price controls. the prices of goods were artificially held down by price controls. black markets were legal during the war.
A likely explanation of the black market is that the prices of goods were artificially held down by price controls
The economic dynamics of supply and demand frequently thwart most attempts to control prices for any appreciable amount of time. When supply and demand are balanced and prices are set by business in a free market, prices fluctuate. Government-imposed price limits may result in surplus supply or demand, depending on whether they are set at a ceiling or a floor. This may therefore result in scarcities and black markets.
Amid the shortages experienced during World War II and the Holocaust, many people relied on the black market to obtain food and other necessary items illegally. The black market facilitated resistance and survival, but it also provided opportunities for people to enrich themselves at the expense of others in need.
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flex company just paid total dividends of $600,000 and reported additions to retained earnings of $1,800,000. the company has 525,000 shares of stock outstanding and a benchmark pe of 15.4 times. what stock price would you consider appropriate?
The stock price you would consider appropriate is $70.40
Earnings per share = (Dividend + addition to retained earnings) / Total number of shares
Earnings per share = (600000 + 1800000) / 525000
EPS = 4.571428571
PE ratio = Stock price / EPS
15.4 = Stock price / 4.571428571
Stock price = 15.4 x 4.571428571
Stock price = $70.4
A stock is a protection that represents a fractional possession in a business enterprise. when you buy a corporation's inventory, you are purchasing a small piece of that business enterprise, known as a share. investors purchase shares in businesses they think will cross up in fee. stocks constitute possession in a publicly traded agency. when you purchase a enterprise's stock, you grow to be part-proprietor of that corporation. for example, if a agency has one hundred,000 shares, and also you purchase 1,000 of them, you personal 1% of the employer.
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allie's only source of income for the year is wages from a part-time job of $9,000. she is not married and has one dependent child. allie has no tax liability and she had no income tax withheld by her employer. what is the amount of allie's earned income credit?
The amount of Allie's earned income credit is $3,060 even though she has no tax liability and no withholdings.
She will receive a refund of $3,060 ($9,000 x .34) even though she has no tax liability and no withholdings.
The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit for low-income families, but you must meet certain requirements.
A single mother with one child is eligible if she meets the following criteria:
must have at least one dollar in earned income (wages and salaries only)
must make less than $41,094 per year in investment income investment income must be less than $3,600 single filer
You and your child must have lived in the United States for at least six months.
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carol's amt base is $250,000. of this amount, $35,000 represents long-term capital gain income from investments that had a preferential rate for regular tax purposes of 15%. calculate her tentative minimum tax resulting from amt calculations
Carol's tentative minimum tax resulting from Alternative Minimum Tax calculations will be $58,550.
For some people, estates, and trusts, the federal government of the United States levies an additional tax known as the alternative minimum tax.
Making the AMT calculation is difficult. Taxpayers first determine their "normal" adjusted gross income before reimbursing some expenses. To arrive at a "tentative minimum" tax, they first subtract the applicable AMT exemption amount, multiply it by the appropriate AMT tax rate, and then subtract the AMT foreign tax credit.
Calculations:
AMT base = $240,000
Less Long-term capital gain = $35,000
Remaining taxable amount under AMT rate will be= $205,000
AMT max rate = 28%
AMT min rate = 26%
AMT tax liability :
$205,000 x 26% = $53,300
Capital gain tax liability:
$35,000 x 15%=$5,250
Carol's tentative minimum tax:
$53,300 + $5,250= $58,550
Hence, Carol's tentative minimum tax coming from AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax) calculations will be $58,550.
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The correct question is:
Carol's AMT base is $240,000. Of this amount, $35,000 represents long-term capital gain income from investments that had a preferential rate for regular tax purposes of 15%. Calculate her tentative minimum tax resulting from AMT calculations Multiple choice question. $58,652 $58,550 $62,650 $53,402
using the rule of 70, calculate by how many percent per year output per worker has grown now. annual growth rate of real gdp: % c. as the economy of androde moves from point a to point c, what share of the annual productivity growth is due to higher total factor productivity? input as a percentage instead of a fraction. share of annual productivity growth due to total factor productivity:
The growth due to total productivity is 50%
As physical capital worker rises to 900 the real GDP per capita rises to 200. Then the output doubles up to 2 times in 70 years. Then output doubles up in 35 years
g=2%
In terms of time, a day, a year, or a life are all limited. Productivity refers to a person's, group's, or organization's ability to work effectively within that time range in order to maximize output.
Motivation, personality, inherent skill, education or training, environment, peer support, time management, and even luck all contribute to high productivity.
As the country moves from A to C the output rises by 300% the output growth due to only capital was only 100% by method 1
100%
gy = ga +gk
1 = ga/gy + gk/gy
ga/gy = 1 -0.5 = 0.5
= 50%
Therefore 50 % of the growth was due to total productivity.
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assume that a hypothetical economy with an mpc of .8 is experiencing severe recession. by how much would government spending have to increase to shift the aggregate demand curve rightward by $25 billion? how large a tax cut would be needed to achieve the same increase in aggregate demand? why the difference? determine one possible combination of government spending increases and tax decreases that would accomplish the same
According to given situation, the government spending must be increase by $5 billion and the tax cut should be $6.25 billion to achieve increase in demand.
Given information:
Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) = 0.8
Spending multiplies formula = 1/(1-MPC)
= 1/ (1-0.8)
= 5
Government spending must therefore increase by $5 billion in order to shift the aggregate demand curve to the right by $25 billion.
To boost aggregate demand by $25 billion, starting spending must shift by $5 billion. The following expression can be used to estimate how much tax relief is required to boost consumption by $5 billion.
Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) = 0.8
Expenditure (consumption) = $5 billion
Let assume income be Y,
Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) = Consumption/Y
Y = $5 billion/ 0.8 = $6.25 billion.
So, the tax cut needed by government is $6.25 billion.
Possible combination of government spending and tax decrease-
Following are some ways that a $5 billion tax break would boost consumption:
Consumption is equal to MPC times a tax reduction.
0.8 * $5 billion = $4 billion
A $5 billion tax deduction will therefore result in a $4 billion rise in private consumption.
Government spending must be expanded to meet the outstanding initial spending required to alter the aggregate demand curve by $25 billion.
The difference between the price tax-induced consumption rises and $5 billion (that might change AD by $25 billion) introduces various government spending:
=$5billion - $4 billion
=$1 billion
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an entity has two long-term construction contracts, one of which qualifies for revenue recognition over time and the other which does not (and so requires revenue recognition upon completion of the contract). for either of these two contracts, what account would be debited when preparing the journal entry to record billings? qualifies does not qualify a. billings cash b. construction receivable construction receivable c. cash billings d. constructions in progress construction in progress
Construction Receivable is still owed to you when you have finished a task or rendered a service but have not yet been paid for it. Accounts receivable records the cash "to be received" (AR).
Receivable refers to the fact that the payment has not yet been realized. This implies that a credit line must have been made available to the clients by the business. Typically, the business accepts payment in cash and on credit for its products and services.
Trade accounts receivable notes and other receivables are the three main categories that makeup receivables. Credit managers and controllers in the construction and building material supply businesses should refer to this Accounts Receivable Management resource.
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which of the following is true of a robust process? multiple choice question. variation in input variables leads to a large number of defects. variation in environmental variables leads to a large number of defects. variation in input variables does not lead to large amount of variation in outcome variables. variation in input variables causes large amount of variation in outcome variables
A graph used to examine how a process evolves over time is the control chart. Data are plotted according to time. variation in environmental variables leads to a large number of defects.
An average line in the middle, an upper line for the upper control limit, and a lower line for the lower control limit are always present on a control chart. These curves were created using historical data.
Give the process to the operators to manage. environmental variables Enhance process control to reduce output fluctuation, reduce unit costs, and boost processing capacity. Establish a single language so that all employees can talk about and improve procedures. Control charts cannot take the place of action.
If a process can withstand changes in input and ambient factors without developing a flaw, it is robust. The term "systematic variation" in research and experimental contexts typically refers to an anomaly or error in observations that is caused by variables not under statistical control environmental variables.
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variation in input variables does not lead to large amount of variation in outcome variables
robust process means there's not much variation or at least not enough to affect the process
calculate total current manufacturing costs given the following: direct materials cost: $62,000 direct labor cost: $78,000 manufacturing overhead applied: $46,000 actual manufacturing overhead: $51,000 beginning work in process inventory: $32,000 ending work in process inventory: $35,000
The total current manufacturing cost is equal to $186000.
Manufacturing of products and goods involve different types of expenses. These expenses are to be calculated and paid by the manufacturing company in order to maintain the smooth functioning of the manufacturing process. The expenses include labor cost, material cost and many more costs. The formula for calculating the total current manufacturing cost is expressed as
Total current manufacturing cost = Direct material cost + Direct labor cost + Manufacturing overhead applied.
According to the question Direct material cost = $62000, Direct labor cost = $78000 and Manufacturing overhead applied = $46000
Putting the values in expression we get
Total current manufacturing cost = $62000 + $78000 + $46000
Total current manufacturing cost = $186000
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che contracted with a software development team to create a program for his company. he wants to review the budget and schedule for the project every week. which project team member should he contact for this information?
The project team member which Che should contact for information on budget and schedule for the project every week is a: C. Project manager.
What is project management?Project management simply refers to the strategic process of designing, planning, developing, leading and execution of a project plan or activities using a set of skills, tools, knowledge, techniques and experience to achieve the set goals and objectives of creating a unique product or service.
Who is a project manager?A project manager can be defined as an individual who is saddled with the responsibility of assembling a team that have common aims, goals, and objectives, in order to successfully execute and implement a project.
In conclusion, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that a project manager would have all of the information pertaining to weekly budget and schedule for a project it is in charge of or managing.
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Complete Question:
Che contracted with a software development team to create a program for his company. He wants to review the budget and schedule for the project every week. Which project team member should he contact for this information?
A. IT department
B. Designer
C. Project manager
D. Programmer
in which type of marketing channel are multiple segments owned by the parent company? multiple choice question. unified horizontal marketing system corporate vertical marketing system conventional marketing channel independent marketing channel
Marketing channels are owned by the parent company in some segments corporate vertical marketing system.
A parent company, also known as a holding company, is a company that has subsidiaries wholly or partially owned by another company controlled by the parent company.
Like a parent company, a holding company has control over other companies. Unlike parent companies, holding companies do not have their own day-to-day operations and exist solely to own or hold subsidiaries.
In the corporate world, a subsidiary is a company that belongs to another company, usually called a parent company or holding company. The parent company retains control of the subsidiary. That is, the parent company owns or controls more than half of its shares.
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mark has decided to start a business! his dream is finally coming true. as mark explores the world of business formation he takes into account a few things: 1. he has enough money to start the business 2. he doesn't like complicated paperwork and having to hold annual meetings 3. the business he is starting is low risk 4. he doesn't plan on hiring any employees 5. he is not worried about making any profit for the first few years. based on this information, what type of business would be best for mark to form?
The business which is best for Mark is a Sole proprietorship
These enterprises are owned by a single person, who is also in charge of overseeing daily operations. A sole proprietorship is responsible for holding all of the company's resources and any profits. They also accept full accountability for all of their commitments and debts. This option has the least complicated, fuss-free construction available. The owner is qualified to receive all business profits.
A sole proprietorship is simple to run and reasonably simple to set up. One person owns the business, hence that person also makes all choices. Thus Mark will own the business and the decisions can be made without meetings or votes. He will also earn all the profits generated and will have unlimited liability for losses or debts. The lack of excessive paperwork and the ability to choose the personnel are further benefits.
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products in the of the product life cycle tend to consume a disproportionate share of management and financial resources relative to their future worth. multiple choice question. introduction decline growth maturity
Products in the decline of the product life cycle tend to consume a disproportionate share of management and financial resources relative to their future worth.
Finance is defined as money management and includes activities such as investing, borrowing, lending, budgeting, saving, and forecasting. There are three major types of finance: (1) personal, (2) corporate, and (3) public/government. Finance is a broad term that describes activities related to banking, leverage or debt, credit, capital markets, funds, and investments. At its core, finance describes the process of managing money and raising the funds you need.
Historically, The Wall Street Journal has been one of the most respected and trusted sources of financial information. are essential in any economic system as they allow businesses to buy products that are out of immediate reach. In other words, financing is a method of using the time value of money (TVM) to allocate expected future cash flows to projects that start today.
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14. baxtra, inc. pays $20,000 in cash as interest to its lenders during 2015. according to u.s. gaap, in which section of the statement of cash flows would this payment be reflected? the operating section the financing section the investing section depends on whether cash flow statement is direct or indirect method
The payment of interest is regarded as an operating activity under U.S. GAAP. Therefore, the statement of cash flows' operating section would show the interest payment.
Cash Flow Statement: By monitoring an organization's cash flow, a cash flow statement is a crucial tool for managing finances. This report is one of the three crucial ones that determine a company's performance, together with the income statement and the balance sheet.
To assess the liquidity and solvency of the company, organisations should monitor and analyse three different types of cash flow: cash flow from operating operations, cash flow from investing activities, and cash flow from financing activities. The cash flow statement of a corporation includes all three.
Example:
Organizations should track and analyse three main types of cash flow: cash flow from operating operations, cash flow from investment activities, and cash flow from financing activities in order to determine the company's liquidity and solvency. All three are shown in a company's cash flow statement.
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yamaha incorporated hires a new chief financial officer and promises to pay him a lump-sum bonus four years after he joins the company. the new cfo insists that the company invest an amount of money at the beginning of each year in a 7% fixed rate investment fund to insure the bonus will be available. to determine the amount that must be invested each year, a computation must be made using the formula for:
To determine the amount that must be invested each year, a computation must be made using the formula for the future value of an annuity due. The future value of an annuity can be described as the sum of the future value of each payment.
Investing can be defined as the process of buying assets that increase in value over time and provide returns in the form of income capital gains or payments. The equation for the future value of an annuity due is the sum of the geometric sequence, or can be written as A(1 + r)1 + A(1 + r)2 + ... + A(1 + r)n.
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Specialized electronic batteries, such as those for laptops, are hard to dispose of safely, yielding excess pollution when one gets thrown away. Suppose that producing these batteries creates a social cost of approximately $150 per battery. Please shift the appropriate curve or curves to reflect this social cost.
According to neoclassical economics, the social cost of a transaction is the sum of the private costs connected with it as well as the costs that consumers endure as a result of being exposed to it but not paying or being charged for it. It stands for the total of both internal and external costs.
Explain about the social cost?Social costs include both private costs and any additional costs to society that emerge from the production or consumption of a good or service.
Situations where the actors engaged develop a reciprocal relationship with the target of the damage lead to social costs. A and B are two agents who are in a relationship where "both parties produce the damage." Damage to A must be done in order to prevent damage to B. Both parties incur expenses.
The entire cost to society is the social cost. It comprises both internal and external expenses. An illustration of driving to work gasoline payment costs (personal cost) Costs associated with more traffic (external cost)
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consider a risk-free asset with a return of 4% and a risky asset with an expected return of 12% and volatility of 16%. what is the volatility of a portfolio made up of these two assets with expected return 10%?
The only factor that determines an asset's expected return is its systematic risk. systematic portion is important when figuring out that asset's expected return and risk premium.
How is risk return calculated?
Keep in mind that the risk-to-reward ratio is determined by dividing your net profit—the reward—by the cost of your maximum risk. If your stock increased to $29 per share, as in the XYZ scenario above, you would receive $4 for each of your 20 shares, making a total of $80.Given that you paid $500 for it, divide 80 by 500 to get 0.16.
How is expected market return calculated?
After totaling these results, the probability of a given outcome being realized is multiplied by the potential return. Returns that are expected cannot be guaranteed. The weighted average of the expected returns of all of the investments in a portfolio determines the expected return.
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Vulcan, inc. , has 7 percent coupon bonds on the market that have 13 years left to maturity. The bonds make annual payments and have a par value of $1,000. If the ytm on these bonds is 8. 4 percent, what is the current bond price?.
The cost of the bond right now is $891.74.
A zero-coupon bond is one in which the face value is paid back when the bond matures. Bonds with coupon values have annual interest payments.
Do safe coupon bonds exist?However, zero coupon bonds are not without risk. Zero coupon bonds are exposed to interest rate risk if you sell them before they mature, just like almost all other bonds are. If interest rates increase, your zero coupon bond's secondary market value is likely to decrease.
One explanation for the bond price is:
Given,
Discount rate is 7%.
Number of years till maturity (Nper) = 13
Par value is equal to $1,000 YTM, or 8.4%.
Annual coupon received (PMT):
PV of the coupon is calculated as follows: CP = $891.74
The bond's current value will be $891.74 as a result.
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