Years ago, Westmont Corporation developed a comprehensive budgeting system for planning and control purposes. While departmental supervisors have been happy with the system, the factory manager has expressed considerable dissatisfaction with the information being generated by the system A typical departmental cost report for a recent period follows:
Assembly Department Cost Report For the Month Ended March 31
Actual Planning Variances
Results Budget Machine-hours 15,000 20,000 Variable costs Supplies $ 9,000 $ 9,600 $ 600 F
Scrap 30,800 33,000 2,200 F
Indirect materials 90,200 106,500 16,300 F
Fixed costs Wages and salaries 76,300 72,000 4,300 U
Equipment depreciation 102,000 102,000 - Total cost $ 308,300 $323,100 $ 14,800 F
After receiving a copy of this cost report, the supervisor of the Assembly Department stated, "These reports are super. It makes me feel really good to see how well things are going in my department. I can't understand why those people upstairs complain so much about the reports." For the last several years, the company's marketing department has chronically failed to meet the sales goals expressed in the company's monthly budgets
Required
1. The company's president is uneasy about the cost reports, what can be the reason? (You may select more than one answer. )
_____Cost reports are ineffective since budgeted costs at one level of activity are compared to actual costs at another level of activity
_____Cost reports show whether fixed costs are controlled and do not show whether variable costs are controlled
_____Cost reports are effective since budgeted costs at one level of activity are compared to actual costs at another level of activity
_____Cost reports show whether fixed costs and variable costs are controlled
2. What kind of reports should be used to give better insight into how well departmental supervisors are controlling costs?
- Flexible budget performance reports must be used
- Fixed budget performance reports must be used
3. Complete a performance report for the quarter, based on Flexible Budget Performance approach. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

The amount you are willing to pay today to purchase one share of the company's stock is $48.43. Therefore, the correct option is option 2.

You want to know how much you are willing to pay today to purchase one share of Michael's, Inc. stock, given that it just paid a $1.95 annual dividend, future dividends will increase by 4.3 percent, and you require a rate of return of 8.5 percent.

To calculate this, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, also known as the Dividend Discount Model. The formula is:

Stock Price = D1 / (r - g)

where:
D1 = next year's expected dividend
r = required rate of return
g = growth rate of dividends

1. First, let's find D1:

D1 = Current Dividend * (1 + g) = $1.95 * (1 + 0.043) = $1.95 * 1.043 = $2.03385

2. Now, plug the values into the formula:

Stock Price = $2.03385 / (0.085 - 0.043) = $2.03385 / 0.042 = $48.425

From the provided group of answer choices, the closest value is $48.43. Therefore, you would be willing to pay $48.43 today to purchase one share of Michael's, Inc. stock, given the required rate of return and future dividend growth rate which corresponds to option 2.

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If the Product Owner has doubts about the quality of the definition of "Done", there are several actions that can be taken to address the issue:

Review the definition of "Done": The Product Owner should review the definition of "Done" and evaluate its completeness and clarity. This may involve discussing the definition with the Development Team and other stakeholders to ensure that everyone has a clear understanding of what is required to consider a product increment as "Done".

Update the definition of "Done": Based on the review, the Product Owner may update the definition of "Done" to make it more comprehensive or specific. This should be done in collaboration with the Development Team and other stakeholders, and the updated definition should be communicated clearly to everyone involved in the project.

Incorporate feedback from stakeholders: The Product Owner may seek feedback from other stakeholders, such as customers, end-users, or subject matter experts, to ensure that the definition of "Done" reflects their expectations and requirements.

Conduct a retrospective: The Product Owner may conduct a retrospective with the Development Team to evaluate the effectiveness of the current definition of "Done" and identify areas for improvement. This can help to ensure that the definition of "Done" remains relevant and useful throughout the project.

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Real-time processing of sales offers several advantages to businesses, including the shortening of the cash cycle, reduced paperwork, and the ability to access up-to-date information in real-time. However, one disadvantage of real-time processing is that it can make it more challenging to detect incorrect data entry. While automated systems can help reduce errors, it's essential to have processes in place to identify and correct any errors that may occur.

The shortened cash cycle means that companies can receive payments from customers more quickly, improving cash flow and allowing for faster investment in other areas of the business. Additionally, reduced paperwork means that businesses can save time and money on administrative tasks, freeing up resources for other important areas of the company. Access to up-to-date information can also provide a competitive advantage in the marketplace. With real-time data, businesses can quickly identify trends, respond to changes in the market, and make more informed decisions. This can help companies stay ahead of the competition and increase their chances of success. In conclusion, while incorrect data entry may be difficult to detect in real-time processing, the benefits of this method far outweigh the potential drawbacks. By implementing effective quality control measures and utilizing automation, businesses can leverage real-time processing to improve their cash flow, save time and money, and gain a competitive edge in the marketplace.

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It takes many years for a company to change its culture and structure to one of empowerment because such a change requires a fundamental shift in the mindset and values of the organization.

This involves breaking down traditional hierarchies, empowering employees to make decisions and take ownership of their work, and fostering a culture of collaboration and innovation. The process of change also requires a significant investment of time, resources, and effort to retrain and reorient employees, redesign work processes, and establish new systems and policies that support the new culture. Furthermore, the success of the change depends on strong leadership, clear communication, and a commitment to the long-term goals of the organization. Therefore, companies need to be patient and persistent in pursuing this transformation, as it can take several years to achieve the desired outcomes and fully embed the new culture and structure into the organization.

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If Silvia receives a pay cut and the income effect outweighs the price effect on her labor supply decision, she will work less hours

If Silvia's pay declines and this influences her employment decision more than the rise in labour expenses, she will:

Work the same amount of hours as before, more hours than before, the same amount of hours as before, or none at all.

If Silvia's compensation decreases, she will therefore work fewer hours than she did previously, and this fall in her willingness to work will outweigh any other variables that would motivate her to work harder.

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The corporation will recognize a gain equal to the lesser of the amount of the distribution or the corporation's current and accumulated E&P. The corporation will report a gain of $23,000 as a result of making the distribution.

In this case, the distribution is $25,000 + $10,000 = $35,000. The adjusted basis of the personal property is $4,000, so the corporation has a built-in gain of $10,000 - $4,000 = $6,000 on the personal property.

However, the personal property was encumbered by a $12,000 note payable, which was assumed by the shareholder. This means that the shareholder took on the liability for the note and reduced the corporation's liability by the same amount. As a result, the distribution is effectively reduced by the amount of the liability assumed by the shareholder, and the gain recognized by the corporation is reduced by the same amount.

The gain recognized by the corporation is the lesser of the distribution ($35,000) or the corporation's E&P. Since the corporation has sufficient E&P, the gain recognized is $35,000 - $12,000 (liability assumed by the shareholder) = $23,000.

Therefore, the corporation will report a gain of $23,000 as a result of making the distribution.

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False. The customer value triad consists of three factors: quality, service, and availability.

The customer value triad consists of three factors: quality, service, and price. These are the three main factors that customers consider when deciding whether or not to purchase a product or service. Quality refers to the overall level of excellence of a product or service, while service refers to the level of customer support provided by the company. Price refers to the cost of the product or service.

The customer value triad is a framework used by businesses to understand the factors that drive customer purchase decisions. Each of the three factors - quality, service, and price - plays an important role in determining the overall value that a product or service offers to a customer.

Quality refers to the degree to which a product or service meets the customer's expectations and needs. This includes factors such as durability, reliability, design, and functionality. Customers are more likely to purchase products or services that are of high quality and meet their needs.

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The journal entry would be:
Development Costs (Capitalized)  $135,700
    Cash (or Accounts Payable)      $135,700

To prepare the appropriate journal entries for Grouper, Inc., a private company that applies ASPE, you need to first determine the costs that can be capitalized after the criteria were met in May 2020.

The costs incurred between January and March 2020 ($15,200 in materials and $12,800 in direct labor) cannot be capitalized as they were incurred before the criteria were met. Therefore, you should only consider the costs incurred after May 2020 for capitalization.

Journal entry for Grouper, Inc. under ASPE:

1. Development Costs (Capitalized) - Debit
  Materials - $45,200
  Direct Labor - $15,700
  Borrowing Costs - $1,600
  Legal Fees - $73,200
  Total = $135,700

2. Cash (or Accounts Payable if not paid yet) - Credit
  Total = $135,700

The journal entry under ASPE would be:
Development Costs (Capitalized)  $135,700
    Cash (or Accounts Payable)      $135,700

For Grouper, Inc., a public company following IFRS, the accounting treatment for development costs might be different, depending on whether the company meets the criteria for capitalizing development costs under IAS 38.

If the company meets the criteria, the journal entry would be the same as under ASPE. If the company does not meet the criteria, then the development costs would be expensed as incurred.

If the criteria are met under IFRS, the journal entry would be:
Development Costs (Capitalized)  $135,700
    Cash (or Accounts Payable)      $135,700

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Yes, that statement is correct. When demand for a product is seasonal, it can be challenging for companies to manage the fluctuations in demand. One solution is to outsource the peak portion of the demand while keeping the base portion in-house.

Outsourcing the peak portion of the demand involves partnering with another company to handle the production of the product during the busy season. This allows the company to meet the increased demand without having to invest in additional production capacity that may be underutilized during the off-season. By outsourcing, the company can reduce its operating costs and improve its overall profitability.

At the same time, the company can keep the base portion of the demand in-house, allowing it to maintain control over the production process and ensure consistent quality. This approach can help companies to balance the risks and benefits of seasonal demand, while still meeting the needs of their customers.

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False Career plateauing is a situation where employees experience a lack of upward mobility or opportunities for growth, leading to a feeling of stagnation.

It does not necessarily involve a linear career progression without any levelling or downward movement.

False. Career plateauing can be defined as a situation in which an employee experiences a lack of upward career mobility or opportunities for growth, leading to a feeling of stagnation or lack of progress in their career. It can involve a lack of challenging assignments, limited opportunities for promotion or advancement, or a lack of access to training and development programs. It is not necessarily a linear career progression without any levelling or downward movement.

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Project M's IRR is 18.10%, whereas Project N's IRR is 17.31%. Project M's NPV is $16,690.60, whereas Project N's is $13,539.17. The corporation should approve Project M because it has a better NPV and IRR than Project N, according to the estimates.

a. To calculate the IRR for each project, you need to find the discount rate at which the NPV becomes zero. For Project M and Project N, you can use trial and error or financial calculator functions.

The IRR for Project M is 18.10% and the IRR for Project N is 17.31%.

b. To calculate the NPV for each project, you need to discount the cash flows for each year by the required return (16%). The formula for NPV is:

NPV = Σ (Cash Flow / (1 + Required Return)^Year) - Initial Investment

Project M:
NPV = (63,900 / (1 + 0.16)¹) + (81,900 / (1 + 0.16)²) + (184,000 / (1 + 0.16)³) + (72,900 / (1 + 0.16)⁴) - 136,000

Project N:
NPV = (135,500 / (1 + 0.16)¹) + (58,900 / (1 + 0.16)²) + (114,000 / (1 + 0.16)³) - 136,000

After calculating the NPV for each project, compare the values.
The NPV for Project M is $16,690.60 and the NPV for Project N is $13,539.17.

c. The company should accept the project with the higher NPV if it is positive, as it provides a better return on investment. If both NPVs are negative, the company should not accept either project, as they would result in a loss.

The company should accept Project M as it has a higher NPV and IRR compared to Project N.

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The correct ranking from most sensitive to least sensitive to an interest rate change is :  III, I, II  option(C).

The interest sensitivity ranking from most sensitive to least sensitive is as follows:
1. III. Zero coupon, 30-yr bond
2. I. 10% coupon, 10-yr bond
3. II. 5% coupon, 10-yr bond

Interest rate sensitivity is how much a fixed-income asset price moves with changes in interest rates. Interest rates and fixed-income asset prices are inversely correlated. More interest rate sensitivity means an asset's price fluctuates more with a change in interest rates.

The concept used to conclude the answer is the concept of bond duration. Bond duration measures the sensitivity of a bond's price to changes in interest rates. The longer the duration of a bond, the more sensitive its price will be to interest rate changes.

In the given question, we have three bonds with different characteristics.

The 10% coupon, 10-year bond (I) has a higher coupon rate and shorter maturity, making it less sensitive to interest rate changes compared to the other bonds.

The 5% coupon, 10-year bond (II) has a lower coupon rate but similar maturity, making it more sensitive to interest rate changes compared to bond I.

The zero coupon, 30-year bond (III) has no coupon payments and the longest maturity, making it the most sensitive to interest rate changes among the given bonds.

Based on this understanding, we can conclude that the ranking from most sensitive to least sensitive to an interest rate change is: III, I, II, which aligns with (option C).

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When preparing a segment margin income statement, you should deduct traceable fixed expenses from the contribution margin, include only variable manufacturing costs in the cost of goods sold, and exclude common fixed expenses from the statement.

When preparing a segment margin income statement, the following statements are accurate:
1. Traceable fixed expenses are deducted from the contribution margin: This means that fixed expenses that can be directly attributed to a specific segment are subtracted from the segment's contribution margin (sales minus variable costs) to arrive at the segment margin.

2. Cost of goods sold consists of only variable manufacturing costs: In this type of statement, the cost of goods sold (COGS) only includes variable manufacturing costs associated with producing the goods, which allows for a clearer understanding of the segment's performance.

3. Common fixed expenses are excluded from the statement: Common fixed expenses that cannot be traced to a specific segment are not included in the segment margin income statement, as they do not directly impact the segment's performance.

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Statement b is correct. With a longer term, the interest share of the monthly payment is lower. This is because the interest is spread out over a longer period of time, resulting in a lower monthly payment.

However, this also means that the borrower will end up paying more in total interest over the life of the loan. Statement a is not correct. The principal reduction is the same each month in a standard, level payment home mortgage loan. Statement c is not correct.

As the term is longer, the total cumulative interest paid is actually more. Statement d is partially correct. More than half the monthly payment is interest for the first half of the loan term, but as the loan progresses, the principal share of the payment increases while the interest share decreases.

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The statement "Baselining is defined as a method of dividing the project scope into many parts that, when combined, would constitute the project deliverable" is false.

Baselining is not defined as a method of dividing the project scope into many parts that, when combined, would constitute the project deliverable.

Baselining is the process of setting the project's original plan as a baseline to measure and monitor project progress and performance. The baseline is used to compare the actual project performance against the planned performance and to identify any variances that may occur during project execution.

The project scope is defined as the set of all the deliverables, requirements, tasks, and goals that must be completed to meet the project's objectives. Breaking down the project scope into smaller, manageable parts is referred to as decomposition or work breakdown structure (WBS).

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The statement "A(n) incident is any occurrence within the organization's operational environment" is generally true. An incident refers to any event that disrupts the normal functioning of an organization or system, causing harm or loss. Incidents can vary in size and severity, ranging from minor issues such as software glitches to major events such as natural disasters.

In an organizational context, incidents can occur in various areas, such as information technology, security, health and safety, finance, and human resources. It is important for organizations to have incident management plans in place to respond to incidents efficiently and effectively. These plans should outline the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, communication protocols, escalation procedures, and methods for tracking and reporting incidents. Overall, incidents are an inevitable part of an organization's operational environment and require proactive measures to minimize their impact on the organization and its stakeholders.

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The answers are Sales allowances,Notes receivable ,Accounts receivable ,  Direct write-off method,Allowance method, Aging method .

Reductions in amount owed by customers because of deficiency in products or services - Sales allowances (Term 3)

`Formal credit arrangements evidenced by a written debt instrument - Notes receivable (Term 5)Amount of cash owed to the company by customers from the sale of products or services on account - Accounts receivable (Term 1)

Recording bad debt expense at the time the account is known to be uncollectible - Direct write-off method (Term 6) Sales on account to customers - Credit sales (Term 2)

Reductions in amount owed by customers if payment on account is made within a specified period of time - Sales discounts (Term 8) Total revenues less discounts, returns, and allowances - Net revenues (Term 7)

Recording an adjustment at the end of each period for the estimate of future uncollectible accounts - Allowance method (Term 4) Estimated percentage of uncollectible accounts is greater for "old" accounts than for "new" accounts - Aging method (Term 9)

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The answer to the question is B: In the percent-of-sales method, dividends are calculated as a percentage of net sales. Therefore, a decrease in dividends means that the company will be retaining more earnings instead of paying them out to shareholders. This, in turn, means that the company will have more funds available to finance its operations and growth.

A decrease in dividends will decrease the required new funds. This is because the company will be able to use more of its retained earnings to fund its operations and growth instead of relying on external financing.

It is important to note, however, that the percent-of-sales method is just one of many methods used to forecast a company's financial needs. Other factors, such as changes in the company's capital structure or growth plans, may also impact the number of new funds required. Therefore, it is always important to consider multiple factors when making financial projections and decisions.

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The borrowing costs that can be capitalized for the hydro-electric plant machine are RM80m.  

Capitalized and the amount of borrowing costs that can be capitalized.

The borrowing costs that can be capitalized include interest that is incurred on the debt during the period of construction, which is limited to the amount of borrowing that is used for the construction of the qualifying asset.

Borrowing used for construction = Total expenditure for construction - Amount of borrowing drawn down before construction

Borrowing used for construction = RM30m + RM20m - RM20m

Borrowing used for construction = RM10m

Borrowing costs that can be capitalized = Total borrowing costs - Borrowing used for construction

Borrowing costs that can be capitalized = RM90m - RM10m

Borrowing costs that can be capitalized = RM80m

The borrowing costs that can be capitalized can be capitalized against the cost of the hydro-electric plant machine. The cost of the hydro-electric plant machine can be calculated as follows:

Cost of the hydro-electric plant machine = Total expenditure for construction

Cost of the hydro-electric plant machine = RM30m + RM20m

Cost of the hydro-electric plant machine = RM50m

Therefore, the borrowing costs that can be capitalized for the hydro-electric plant machine are RM80m.  

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Technology has revolutionized the way we learn and has enabled us to have access to information anytime, anywhere.

The technology that promotes anytime, anywhere learning is e-learning, which involves the use of electronic devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones to access educational materials and resources. With e-learning, learners can access educational materials from any location, as long as they have an internet connection. This means that learners can study at their own pace and convenience, without the need to be in a specific location or classroom.

One of the most significant advantages of e-learning is that it promotes self-paced learning. Learners can choose the topics they want to learn, the pace they want to learn at, and the format they prefer, such as video tutorials or interactive quizzes. This flexibility allows learners to customize their learning experience to their needs, interests, and preferences, leading to better engagement and retention of the material.

Another technology that promotes anytime, anywhere learning is cloud computing. Cloud-based platforms provide access to educational materials and resources that can be accessed from anywhere, and learners can collaborate with their peers and instructors in real-time. This technology allows learners to work on projects and assignments remotely, making it ideal for online courses and remote learning environments.

In conclusion, technology has made it possible for learners to access educational resources and materials anytime, anywhere, through e-learning and cloud computing. These technologies have made learning more accessible, flexible, and personalized, allowing learners to take control of their learning experience and achieve their educational goals.

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Competitiveness refers to the ability of a company to outperform its competitors in terms of market share, profits, and customer satisfaction. TD Bank is a highly competitive organization that has managed to establish itself as a leading financial services provider in North America.

The bank has implemented several strategies to remain competitive, such as investing in technology, expanding its operations in different markets, and offering innovative products and services.

Productivity, on the other hand, refers to the efficiency with which a company utilizes its resources to achieve its objectives. TD Bank has a strong focus on productivity, which is evident in its streamlined processes, automation of routine tasks, and continuous improvement initiatives. The bank has also invested heavily in training and development programs to ensure that its employees have the skills and knowledge needed to deliver quality services to customers.

Overall, TD Bank's competitiveness and productivity are essential factors that have contributed to its success in the highly competitive financial services industry. By prioritizing these factors, the bank has managed to stay ahead of its competitors and deliver superior value to its customers.

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Maywood Hydraulics leased drilling equipment from present value Aqua Leasing for a four-year period ending December 31, 2024, at which time possession of the leased asset

Equal payments under the lease are $128,000 and are due on December 31 of each year with the first payment being made on December 31, 2021. Maywood is aware that Aqua used a 5% interest rate when calculating lease payments.

The sum to be added to the right-of-use asset is $1,434.33 based on the sum Ramirez guaranteed the lessor and the expected residual value. The equipment cost Aqua $427,906 and has an expected economic life of five years. Aqua expects the residual value at December 31, 2024, to be $64,000 more should the right-of-use asset be given.

This would be the difference between the guaranteed sum and the estimated residual value, expressed in present value. = 42,300 - 40,200 = $2,100

Amount in the present: =2,100/ (1 + 10%)* =1,434.328 = $1,434.33. In conclusion, $1,434.33 must be added to the right-of-use asset amount.

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When Sean deposits $1,800,000 into his checking account at Southeast Mutual Bank, the bank's reserves increase by the same amount. Since Southeast Mutual Bank and the other two banks mentioned have zero excess reserves, this means that they are currently holding only the required reserves as mandated by the required reserve ratio of 25%.

Therefore, Southeast Mutual Bank will need to hold onto 25% of Sean's deposit, or $450,000, as required reserves. The remaining $1,350,000 can be used by the bank for lending or other activities.

If Southeast Mutual Bank does lend out the $1,350,000, the borrower will then deposit the money into their own bank account, which will also increase the reserves of that bank. This in turn will allow that bank to lend out more money, leading to a multiplier effect on the money supply.

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Foster Company will report the equipment on its balance sheet at $13,890.

Foster Company purchased equipment from Rose Company with the following information:

- Manufacturer's suggested retail price: $14,475
- Marked price: $13,995
- Purchase price: $13,650
- Shipping charges paid by the seller (included on the invoice): $240

Using the historical-cost principle, Foster Company will report the equipment on its balance sheet by including both the purchase price and the shipping charges. To calculate the total cost, add the purchase price and the shipping charges:

$13,650 (purchase price) + $240 (shipping charges) = $13,890

Therefore, Foster Company will report the equipment on its balance sheet at $13,890.

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The statement that best describes the trend in the graph is "the Chinese GDP has seen growth since 2003, with growth stronger some years than others."

The graph shows fluctuations in the Chinese GDP, with growth occurring overall since 2003, but with varying rates of growth each year. While there may have been some periods of decline, the overall trend is one of growth.

This is important for investors to note, as the Chinese economy remains a major player in the global market. It is important to keep an eye on these fluctuations and consider them in investment decisions, but overall the trend in the graph suggests that the Chinese economy has continued to grow in the past few years.

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The criterion that is not a characteristic of the best incentive plans is monetary compensation to every employee.

While it may seem like a good idea to offer monetary incentives to every employee, it can actually be counterproductive as it may not motivate employees to perform better. Incentive plans should have believable and achievable rewards that are linked to performance and measurable so that employees can see the direct impact of their efforts. The best incentive plans are those that are designed to motivate and reward employees for specific achievements and behaviors that align with the organization's goals and values.

Such plans should be fair and transparent, with clear guidelines and metrics for success. Additionally, the best incentive plans should be flexible enough to be adjusted as needed to ensure they remain effective and relevant over time. Ultimately, the goal of incentive plans is to create a culture of high performance, where employees are engaged, motivated, and committed to achieving the organization's objectives.

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Business model in which the suppliers to a manufacturer (or retailer) manage the manufacturer's (or retailer's) inventory levels based on negotiated service levels is vendor-managed inventory (VMI).

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The missing amounts in the following accounting equation:  Assets = $769,440, Liabilities = $64,120, Owner's Equity = $38,470

To determine the missing amounts in the following accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity, you can follow these steps:

a. To find the missing assets amount:

Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity
Assets = $186,530 + $582,910
Assets = $769,440

So, the missing assets amount is $769,440.

b. To find the missing liabilities amount:

Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity
$93,270 = Liabilities + $29,150
Liabilities = $93,270 - $29,150
Liabilities = $64,120

So, the missing liabilities amount is $64,120.

c. To find the missing owner's equity amount:

Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity
$44,880 = $6,410 + Owner's Equity
Owner's Equity = $44,880 - $6,410
Owner's Equity = $38,470

So, the missing owner's equity amount is $38,470.

In summary:
a. Assets = $769,440
b. Liabilities = $64,120
c. Owner's Equity = $38,470

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Complete question:

Determine the missing amounts in the following accounting equation:

Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity

a. ? = $186,530 + $582,910

b. $93,270 = ? + $29,150

c. $44,880 = $6,410 + ?

Accounting equation:

The accounting principles are based on the double entry system. In the double entry system every transaction will have debit entry and credit entry and the total of debit entry will be equal to the credit entry. This can be also being shown in accounting equation where the total of assets will be equal to the sum total of liabilities and owners equity.

When an auditor does not receive replies to second requests for year-end accounts receivable confirmations, the auditor would most likely increase the assessed level of detection risk for the existence assertion.

This means that the auditor would accept a higher risk of material misstatement in the accounts receivable balance, and would likely perform additional audit procedures to obtain sufficient evidence.

The auditor may also intensify the study of internal control concerning the revenue cycle to identify potential weaknesses that may have contributed to the lack of responses to the confirmation requests.

Reviewing the cash receipts journal or inspecting shipping records may be relevant procedures in other circumstances, but would not be the most likely response in this scenario.

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