widespread acceptance of the great sport myth leads people to

The pharmacological consequences called "tolerance and withdrawal" are associated with substance use disorders as defined in the DSM-5.

Tolerance refers to the need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect or a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount.

Withdrawal refers to the physiological and psychological symptoms that occur when substance use is reduced or discontinued after a period of heavy or prolonged use.

These pharmacological consequences, along with the maladaptive pattern of behaviors, such as inability to control drug use, risky use of drugs, and social impairment, contribute to the diagnosis of substance use disorders.

The DSM-5 provides specific criteria to assess and diagnose different substance use disorders, taking into account the severity of the symptoms and impairment caused by the drug use.

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Repetitive pharyngeal collapse leading to an absence of breathing is called obstructive sleep apnea. The correct answer is option a.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to disruption of breathing and a decrease in blood oxygen levels.

The obstruction of the airway during sleep in OSA is caused by the relaxation and collapse of the muscles in the back of the throat, including the soft palate, uvula, and tongue.

This results in a narrowing or closure of the airway, which can cause loud snoring, gasping, or choking sounds during sleep, and interrupted breathing.

OSA can have serious health consequences, including daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairment, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and depression.

Treatment for OSA may include lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, avoidance of alcohol and sedatives, and sleeping on one's side, as well as the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines, oral appliances, and surgery in some cases.

So, the correct answer is option a. obstructive sleep apnea

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HiB vaccine is a vaccination was developed to prevent bacterial meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae. This vaccine is usually given to toddlers to prevent disease meningitis and pneumonia.

Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB) vaccine is used to prevent Haemophilus influenzae. This disease is very serious because it can cause death in children and adults. HiB bacteria tend to easily attack children because their immune systems are still weak. This bacterium can cause infection in various parts of the body, such as the brain, respiratory tract, lungs, bones, to the heart. But HiB cannot prevent pneumonia and meningitis due to pneumococcal bacteria. This vaccine can only treat HiB bacteria.

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The ultimate decision maker on whether a medical record can be released is typically the healthcare provider or facility that created or holds the record.

However, there are various laws and regulations that dictate when and to whom medical records can be released, such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). Therefore, the decision may involve legal or regulatory considerations in addition to medical ones.

Here are the key entities involved in the decision-making process:

1. Healthcare Provider/Organization: The healthcare provider or organization that created and maintains the medical record typically has the authority to determine whether the record can be released. This can include hospitals, clinics, doctors' offices, and other healthcare facilities. They are responsible for complying with relevant laws and regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States, which governs the privacy and security of protected health information.

2. Patient's Authorization: In most cases, the patient's consent or authorization is required for the release of their medical records. The patient must provide written consent that specifies the purpose of the release, the specific information to be disclosed, and the identity of the recipient(s) of the information. This authorization can be revoked by the patient at any time, unless there are legal or ethical reasons that prevent it.

3. Legal Requirements: There are situations where medical records may be released without the patient's consent, based on legal requirements or exceptions. For example, healthcare providers may be obligated to release medical records in response to a court order, subpoena, or a request from law enforcement agencies in certain circumstances. These situations are typically governed by specific legal provisions and must be carefully reviewed to ensure compliance with the law.

4. Medical Ethics: Healthcare professionals have a duty to maintain patient confidentiality and protect their privacy. In situations where there is a potential conflict between privacy and public interest or safety, healthcare providers may need to make ethical judgments on whether to release certain medical information. These decisions often involve considering factors such as the potential harm to the patient, the necessity of disclosure, and the overall benefit to the individual or society.

It's important to note that the exact process and requirements for releasing medical records may vary depending on the country and jurisdiction. Different regions have different laws and regulations in place to safeguard patient privacy and ensure the appropriate handling of medical information. If you have specific concerns or questions about accessing or releasing medical records, it is advisable to consult the relevant laws and regulations in your jurisdiction or seek guidance from legal or healthcare professionals.

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In the context of medical records, the ultimate decision on whether a medical record can be released is typically made by the patient, their legal guardian, or a court of law.

In the context of medical records, the ultimate decision on whether a medical record can be released is typically made by the patient, their legal guardian, or a court of law.

The release of medical records is governed by various laws and regulations to ensure patient privacy and confidentiality. In the United States, for example, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) provides guidelines on the release of medical records.

Exceptions to patient consent may occur in cases where there is a legal obligation to disclose the records, such as in public health emergencies or court orders.

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The food that contains 4 grams of protein, 6 grams of carbohydrates, and 4 grams of fat has 76 Calories.

To calculate the number of calories in food that contains 4 grams of protein, 6 grams of carbohydrates, and 4 grams of fat, you need to use the following formula:

Calories = (Protein grams x 4) + (Carbohydrate grams x 4) + (Fat grams x 9)

Where 4 is the number of calories per gram of protein and carbohydrates, and 9 is the number of calories per gram of fat.

Using this formula, we can calculate the number of calories in the given food as follows:

Calories = (4 grams of protein x 4) + (6 grams of carbohydrates x 4) + (4 grams of fat x 9)

Calories = 16 + 24 + 36

Calories = 76

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Answer:

widespread childhood poverty.

Explanation:

The high childhood injury rate in developing countries is largely due to widespread childhood poverty.

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If you encounter a patient with difficulty breathing, your primary goal as a Basic Life Support (BLS) provider is to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Here are the steps you can take:

1. Assess the patient's airway: Look for any signs of airway obstruction such as snoring, gurgling or stridor. Clear the airway if necessary by using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver or the jaw thrust maneuver if there is a suspected cervical spine injury.

2. Assess breathing: Look for the patient's respiratory rate, rhythm and depth. Observe for signs of labored breathing such as retractions, nasal flaring or use of accessory muscles. Auscultate the lung fields for any abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing or crackles.

3. Administer oxygen: If available, administer supplemental oxygen via a non-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute.

4. Consider the need for assisted ventilation: If the patient's respiratory rate is too low or too high, or if there are signs of respiratory distress, consider assisting the patient's ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.

5. Transport: Transport the patient to the nearest appropriate medical facility while continuing to monitor the patient's airway, breathing and circulation.

Remember, always reassess the patient frequently and modify your interventions as needed based on their response. Also, don't hesitate to call for advanced medical support if the patient's condition worsens or if you have any concerns about their care.

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The following statement by the patient demonstrates understanding of enasidenib side effects is C. hormonal contraceptives may be ineffective when taken concurrently.

Enasidenib is a medication used to treat a specific type of leukemia, and it works by targeting a specific gene mutation. However, it can interact with other medications and cause side effects. Hormonal contraceptives are one example of a medication that can interact with enasidenib and reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, it is important for patients to understand this potential side effect and discuss alternative forms of contraception with their healthcare provider.

The other statements are also important for patients to understand, but they do not directly relate to the side effects of enasidenib. Grapefruit juice can alter exposure to medication, so patients taking enasidenib should avoid consuming grapefruit or grapefruit juice, it is also important to follow dosing instructions carefully, which may include avoiding food before or after taking the medication, and taking doses at the prescribed intervals. However, neither of these statements directly relate to the potential side effects of the medication, so they are not the correct answer to the question. So therefore the correct answer is C. hormonal contraceptives may be ineffective when taken concurrently.

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The correct code for a radical maxillary sinusotomy is D) 31032.

A b maxillary sinusotomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of all diseased tissue within the maxillary sinus. The appropriate code for this procedure is 31032. This code specifically denotes "maxillary antrostomy for chronic sinusitis" and accurately describes the radical nature of the procedure.When assigning medical codes, it is essential to review the code descriptions and select the one that best matches the performed procedure. In this case, 31032 is the most suitable code for a radical maxillary sinusotomy, capturing the specific nature of the surgical intervention. It is important for medical coders to accurately assign the correct codes to ensure proper documentation and billing.

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Inflammation of the arteries, also known as arteritis or vasculitis, can be caused by several factors, including:

A) Obesity: Obesity is a known risk factor for developing chronic low-grade inflammation throughout the body, including in the arteries.

C) Disease-causing bacteria: Certain bacterial infections can cause inflammation of the arteries, leading to conditions such as bacterial endocarditis.

Other factors that can contribute to arterial inflammation include autoimmune disorders, certain medications, radiation therapy, and exposure to toxins or environmental pollutants. Increased HDL cholesterol is not a cause of arterial inflammation, but it is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease. Hot weather is also not a direct cause of arterial inflammation, but it can contribute to dehydration and other factors that may exacerbate cardiovascular problems.

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The three core functions of public health, as defined by the Institute of Medicine, are assessment, policy development, and assurance.

1. Assessment: This function involves the systematic collection, analysis, and monitoring of health-related data to identify health issues and evaluate the effectiveness of public health programs and policies.

2. Policy Development: This function involves developing evidence-based public health policies, regulations, and guidelines to address identified health issues and promote overall community health.

3. Assurance: This function involves ensuring that public health services are effectively delivered and accessible to all members of the community, by monitoring the quality and accessibility of these services and enforcing public health laws and regulations.

These core functions provide a framework for public health organizations to systematically address the health needs of their communities.

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When giving care to an unresponsive choking infant compared to an unresponsive choking adult or child, two key differences arise.

Firstly, the technique for delivering back blows and chest thrusts differs. For an infant, you would use gentle back blows by supporting the infant's head and neck and striking the back with the heel of your hand. In contrast, for an adult or child, you would deliver more forceful back blows between the shoulder blades. Secondly, when performing chest thrusts, the hand placement varies. For an infant, you would use two or three fingers on the center of the chest, while for an adult or child, you would use the heel of one hand on the lower half of the breastbone.

Therefore, these differences account for the variations in size, strength, and vulnerability of the respective age groups.

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Key differences in caring for an unresponsive choking infant versus an adult or child include the method of chest compressions and the use of back blows. Two-finger chest compressions are used for infants, and back blows are administered while the infant is face down on the rescuer's forearm. These methods contrast to the two-handed chest compressions and the lack of back blows used for unresponsive adults or children.

Two main differences exist in the approach to giving care to an unresponsive choking infant compared to an unresponsive choking adult or child.

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A patient who undergoes the surgical removal of both ovaries would be scheduled for a bilateral oophorectomy. This is a procedure in which both ovaries are removed through an incision made in the lower abdomen.

Bilateral oophorectomy may be recommended for various reasons, including ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or other gynecological conditions that require removal of the ovaries. In some cases, a bilateral oophorectomy may be performed prophylactically to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in high-risk patients. After a bilateral oophorectomy, the patient may experience menopausal symptoms, which can be managed with hormone replacement therapy or other medications. The recovery time and post-operative care will depend on the patient's individual circumstances and the specific details of the surgery.

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Bill can expect an increase in heart rate and a constriction of the bronchial tubes after taking ephedrine.

Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which can cause an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and bronchodilation.

While ephedrine can also cause vasoconstriction, which can increase blood pressure, it is not necessarily a consistent effect and can depend on individual factors such as dose and route of administration.

Therefore, it is not accurate to say that Bill can expect a decrease in blood pressure after taking ephedrine.

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A person is said to be healthy if his physical, social, emotional, and mental health is in a good state.

The physical health of a person is greatly influenced by the physical activity that he does. This can include running, playing, swimming, etc. Physical health also depends on the type of diet and a good amount of sleep. Emotional well-being is influenced by the quality of relationships, stress management, and attitude toward problems.

Social health is affected by the people with whom one gets involved in social gatherings. Social and emotional health together comprise a person’s mental health.

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False.

Toxicology is the study of the harmful effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances on living organisms, including humans, animals, and the environment. It involves studying the nature, detection, and mechanisms of toxic substances, as well as their effects on different systems of the body and the environment. Toxicology is important in areas such as drug development, occupational health, environmental health, and public health.

While toxicology may involve studying how diseases are caused by exposure to toxic substances, it is not specifically focused on studying how disease affects organisms' health.

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Research has consistently shown that the affluent tend to use hospital services more intensively than the poor. There are several factors that contribute to this trend.

Firstly, the affluent have better access to health insurance and are more likely to be insured than the poor. This makes it easier for them to afford healthcare services and to seek medical attention when needed. In contrast, the poor often lack health insurance and may not be able to afford the cost of hospital services. Secondly, the affluent tend to have better education and health literacy, which makes them more likely to understand the importance of preventive care and to seek medical attention when needed.

In contrast, the poor may have limited knowledge and understanding of healthcare, leading them to delay seeking medical attention until their condition worsens.Thirdly, the affluent may have more disposable income to spend on healthcare services, such as elective surgeries, diagnostic tests, and specialized treatments, which can increase their utilization of hospital services.Overall, the disparities in healthcare utilization between the affluent and the poor highlight the need for policies and programs aimed at improving access to healthcare services for low-income populations.

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The correct option is C, The circulatory system specifically deals with the heart as its major organ.

The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body. It is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, while the blood vessels are tubes that carry blood to and from the heart and other parts of the body. Blood is a fluid that contains red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

The circulatory system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body, as it delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues, and removes waste products like carbon dioxide. It also helps regulate body temperature and pH levels. The circulatory system is susceptible to diseases and disorders like hypertension, heart disease, and stroke, which can have serious consequences for overall health and wellbeing.

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Complete Question:

The circulatory system deals with which major organ specifically?

a) brain

b) liver

c) heart

d) quadriceps

Type 2 diabetes results from either decreased insulin release or insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells become less sensitive to insulin, which is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels.

When insulin resistance occurs, the body may need to produce more insulin to help move glucose into cells for energy. Over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up with the demand for insulin, and blood sugar levels can rise, leading to type 2 diabetes.

In some cases, both decreased insulin release and insulin resistance can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.

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The statement that is NOT true about procedural memory is d. Procedural memory is not considered a noetic form of memory. Instead, it is classified as a type of implicit memory that involves the ability to learn and perform tasks through repeated practice. Procedural memory involves the motor and cognitive skills that are acquired through experience and practice, such as riding a bike or typing on a keyboard. Procedural memory is often used without conscious awareness, and it is considered a form of tacit knowledge. Overall, procedural memory is an essential type of memory that underlies many of our everyday activities and skilled performances.
The statement that is NOT true about procedural memory is: d. Procedural memory is considered a noetic form of memory. Procedural memory refers to the implicit memory of skills and habits, which is employed outside of awareness and underlies skilled performances. It is a form of tacit knowledge, meaning it is difficult to express verbally. Noetic memory, on the other hand, involves conscious awareness and is typically associated with semantic and episodic memory, not procedural memory.

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Virtual reality exposure treatment for PTSD has been shown to be an effective form of therapy. Studies have shown that this treatment method can help reduce the symptoms of PTSD, such as anxiety, nightmares, and flashbacks.

Virtual reality exposure therapy involves using a computer-generated simulation to recreate the traumatic event and expose the patient to it in a controlled and safe environment. This exposure helps the patient confront their fear and develop coping mechanisms to deal with the trauma.

Virtual reality exposure therapy has also been found to be more engaging and interactive than traditional talk therapy, making it a more appealing treatment option for some patients. Overall, virtual reality exposure therapy is a promising treatment option for PTSD and continues to be researched and refined.

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Sports massage is considered to be a combination of Swedish and Shiatsu techniques. (option D)

Sports massage is a specialized form of massage therapy that focuses on addressing the specific needs of athletes and individuals engaged in sports or rigorous physical activities. It incorporates elements of Swedish and Shiatsu techniques. Swedish massage is a popular type of massage that utilizes long, gliding strokes, kneading, and circular motions to promote relaxation, improve circulation, and relieve muscle tension. It is known for its gentle and soothing nature. Shiatsu, on the other hand, is a Japanese massage technique that involves applying pressure to specific points on the body to stimulate energy flow and restore balance. It draws from traditional Chinese medicine principles and focuses on meridians or energy pathways in the body. Hence sports massage is considered to be a combination of Swedish and Shiatsu techniques. (option D)

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A sharp force injury will most likely come from a:

Bladed weapon or sharp object.

A sharp force injury is a type of injury caused by a sharp-edged or pointed instrument, such as a knife, broken glass, or a sharp tool. It occurs when the force is applied to the body with enough pressure and precision to cut or penetrate the skin, tissues, or organs.

Sharp force injuries can vary in severity, depending on the type of weapon or object used, the force applied, and the area of the body affected. They can range from minor cuts or lacerations to deep puncture wounds or even stab wounds.

It's important to note that sharp force injuries can occur in various circumstances, including criminal assaults, accidents, or self-inflicted injuries. Proper medical evaluation and treatment are essential for managing sharp force injuries and preventing complications.

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Medicare supplemental policies, also known as Medigap plans, are designed to provide additional coverage to individuals who have Original Medicare.

These plans are offered by private insurance companies and can help pay for certain costs that are not covered by Medicare, such as deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. The core benefits that are typically found in Medigap plans are standardized by the government and include coverage for Medicare Part A coinsurance and hospital costs, Medicare Part B coinsurance and copayments, the first three pints of blood, and hospice care coinsurance or copayment. It is important to note that not all Medigap plans will offer the same additional benefits, so it is important to carefully review the details of each plan before making a decision.

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In retrospect, implementation of the Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) system demonstrated that hospitals could profit from instituting more efficient patient care procedures. Correct option is (B).

DRGs were designed to pay hospitals a fixed amount for each patient based on their diagnosis, regardless of the length of hospital stay. This system incentivized hospitals to improve the efficiency of patient care and reduce the length of hospital stays. Hospitals that were able to treat patients effectively and efficiently were able to keep more of the payment allotted for that patient, creating a financial incentive to provide higher-quality care. The DRG system revolutionized hospital billing and reimbursement, leading to greater efficiency and cost savings. As a result, the DRG system has been adopted by many countries around the world as a way to control healthcare costs while maintaining quality of care.

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Secondary post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to the stress and emotional strain experienced by individuals who are indirectly affected by the trauma experienced by someone else.(option.c)

In the case of PTSD, it specifically refers to the stress experienced by family members, close friends, or caregivers of individuals who have been directly exposed to a traumatic event and developed PTSD.

These secondary individuals may experience a range of symptoms similar to those with PTSD, such as intrusive thoughts, nightmares, avoidance behaviors, hypervigilance, and changes in mood and behavior.

Witnessing or hearing about the trauma experienced by their loved one can have a significant emotional impact on family members and result in their own distress.

Therefore, option C, stress experienced by family members of those with PTSD, is the correct definition of secondary PTSD. Options A and B are not accurate descriptions of secondary PTSD.

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Current evidence on the effects of psychotropic medications indicates that they can effectively alleviate symptoms of various mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.

These medications work by altering brain chemicals, also known as neurotransmitters, which play a role in mood regulation and overall mental functioning.

It is important to note that the effectiveness of psychotropic medications varies among individuals and should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure the best possible outcomes.

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False. Reprimands, restraint, captivity, and electrical shocks are not considered reinforcers.

In behavioral psychology, a reinforcer is a stimulus or event that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. It is intended to strengthen or maintain the behavior. Reprimands, which are verbal admonishments or criticisms, are generally considered to be aversive stimuli, meaning they are unpleasant or punishing.

Similarly, restraint and captivity involve restricting an individual's freedom, which is also considered aversive. Electrical shocks are also typically aversive and can be used as a form of punishment. Reinforcers, on the other hand, are typically positive stimuli or events that are rewarding or pleasurable, such as praise, food, or other desirable outcomes.

Therefore, reprimands, restraint, captivity, and electrical shocks are not considered reinforcers but rather aversive stimuli or punishments.

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The dental specialists who routinely use extraoral radiographs are panoramic and cephalometric radiographs.

Panoramic radiographs are extraoral radiographs that show a broad view of the upper and lower jaws, teeth, and surrounding structures.

They are commonly used by dentists and orthodontists to evaluate the overall dental and skeletal development of patients, as well as to detect any abnormalities or pathology.

Cephalometric radiographs are also extraoral radiographs that show a side view of the skull, including the bones of the face, teeth, and jaws.

They are commonly used by orthodontists to assess the relationship between the teeth and jaws, and to develop treatment plans for orthodontic correction.

While oral surgeons may also use extraoral radiographs in their practice, panoramic and cephalometric radiographs are most commonly used by dentists and orthodontists.

Radiologists may also interpret these images, but they are not typically considered dental specialists.

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Answer:

B. Physical exercise.

Explanation:

Physical exercise is the most important nongenetic factor in preventing the onset of cognitive impairment.

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