Are wild horses truly “wild,” as an indigenous species in North America, or are they “feral weeds”—barnyard escapees, far removed genetically from their prehistoric ancestors? The question at hand is, therefore, whether or not modern horses, Equus caballus, should be considered native wildlife.
The question is legitimate, and the answer important. In North America, the wild horse is often labeled as a non-native, or even an exotic species, by most federal or state agencies dealing with wildlife management, such as the National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. The legal mandate for many of these agencies is to protect native wildlife and prevent non-native species from causing harmful effects on the general ecology of the land. Thus, management is often directed at total eradication, or at least minimal numbers. If the idea that wild horses were, indeed, native wildlife, a great many current management approaches might be compromised. Thus, the rationale for examining this proposition, that the horse is a native or non-native species, is significant.
The genus Equus, which includes modern horses, zebras, and asses, is the only surviving genus in a once diverse family of horses that included 27 genera. The precise date of origin for the genus Equus is unknown, but evidence documents the dispersal of Equus from North America to Eurasia approximately 2–3 million years ago and a possible origin at about 3.4–3.9 million years ago. Following this original emigration, several extinctions occurred in North America, with additional migrations to Asia (presumably across the Bering Land Bridge), and return migrations back to North America, over time. The last North American extinction probably occurred between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago (Fazio 1995), although more recent extinctions for horses have been suggested. Dr. Ross MacPhee, Curator of Mammalogy at the American Museum of Natural History, and colleagues, have dated the existence of woolly mammoths and horses in North America to as recent as 7,600 years ago. Had it not been for previous westward migration, over the 2 Bering Land Bridge, into northwestern Russia (Siberia) and Asia, the horse would have faced complete extinction. However, Equus survived and spread to all continents of the globe, except Australia and Antarctica.
In 1493, on Columbus’ second voyage to the Americas, Spanish horses, representing E. caballus, were brought back to North America, first in the Virgin Islands, and, in 1519, they were reintroduced on the continent, in modern-day Mexico, from where they radiated throughout the American Great Plains, after escape from their owners or by pilfering (Fazio 1995).
Critics of the idea that the North American wild horse is a native animal, using only selected paleontological data, assert that the species, E. caballus (or the caballoid horse), which was introduced in 1519, was a different species from that which disappeared between 13,000–11,000 years before. Herein lies the crux of the debate. However, neither paleontological opinion nor modern molecular genetics support the contention that the modern horse in North America is non-native.
Equus, a monophyletic taxon, is first represented in the North American fossil record about four million years ago by E. simplicidens, and this species is directly ancestral to later Blancan species about three million years ago (Azaroli and Voorhies 1990). Azzaroli (1992) believed, again on the basis of fossil records, that E. simplicidens gave rise to the late Pliocene E. Idahoensis, and that species, in turn, gave rise to the first caballoid horses two million years ago in North America. Some migrated to Asia about one million years ago, while others, such as E. niobrarensis, remained in North America.
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST IF U PUT A PROPER ANSWER!!!! you find an interesting mineral, but have no idea what it is. Describe the steps that you would take to identify the mineral.
Answer:First I would ask any people that I know if they know about the mineral, if they say no then I will do resear on it until I figure out what it is
Explanation:
What is the function of mRNA in the diagram above?
The article "Human Impact on the Galapagos Islands" and the video "Long Line Fishing Threatens Wildlife of the Galapagos Islands” both discuss overfishing. Which source provides more information on how to fix the overfishing problem? What solutions does this source provide?
Answer:
The first one, "Human Impact on the Galapogos islands", the solutions it provides wont only help the islands, but help everywhere, and that there are much safer ways
Explanation:
Answer: Human Impact: While this unforgiving and uncontrollable force of nature has had a destructive impact on the Galapagos, many of the environmental issues facing the Galapagos originate from a potentially controllable source human beings. The presence of people in the Islands has two sources: migration from the mainland and tourism.
Explanation:
Which phrases apply to metamorphic rocks? Check all that apply.
1. form under extreme heat and pressure
2. form from existing rocks
3. form from magma and lava
4. form when sediments combine
5. form from volcanic eruptions
When pre-existing rocks are altered by heat, pressure, or reactive fluids like hot, mineral-rich water, the resulting rocks are known as metamorphic rocks. Thus, option A,B is correct.
What are the characteristics of metamorphic rocks?Metamorphic rocks are produced when rocks are subjected to conditions such as high pressures, high temperatures, hot fluids rich in minerals, or, more usually, some combination of these.
The most prevalent elements in the Earth's crust, silicon and oxygen, are found in the majority of the minerals that make up rocks. One of the most common sedimentary rocks is limestone.
Therefore, extreme heat and pressure and existing rocks are the characteristics of metamorphic rocks.
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all you need is in the photo
When we hear the word bacteria, we probably think of disease transmission or illness. But bacteria provide many
health benefits to humans. All BUT ONE is a health benefit of bacteria today in the world of medicine.
A)
production of vaccines
B)
genetic engineering to produce insulin
fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form
D)
probiotic added to food and vitamin supplements
Answer:
A is the correct option
Explanation:
In the pharmaceutical industry, bacteria are used to produce antibiotics, vaccines, and medically-useful enzymes.
DUDE THIS IS CRAZY I DONT UNDERSTAND BIOLOGY MAN PLS HELPPPPPPPPPP
starting in the vena, list the chambers and blood vessels in order that blood passes through them until it reaches the aorta
Answer:
Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve, and from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the open mitral valve
All living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic units of life. In complex living organisms, cells are organizer into tissues, tissues are organized into organs, and organs are organized into organ systems. What characteristic of life does this information represent?
Answer:
The organization of life
Explanation:
The organization of living things or life is a system of classifying living things in a hierarchical order or level from the simplest to the most complex based on structure and function. The simplest level is the cell while the most complex is the organism.
All living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic units of life. In complex living organisms, cells are organized into tissues.
Tissues are a group of cells of the same kind. Tissues are organized into organs.
An Organ is a structure composed of one or more types of tissues that work together to perfume a specific function. Human organs include the brain, heart, skin, stomach, kidney, etc. Organs are organized into organ systems.
An Organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function. Examples of organ systems include the circulatory, skeletal, nervous, digestive and reproductive systems. Organ systems make up an organism.
An organism is an individual living thing that is made up of one or more organ systems. Examples are humans, plants, insects, etc
Answer:
Life can be arranged in a structural hierarchy.
Explanation:
Why are flowers important to plants?
A.
They attract birds and insects to assist in pollination.
B.
They protect the reproductive parts of the flower.
C.
They are ornamental.
D.
They are a food source.
E.
They produce new flowers.
Answer:
The Answer I believe to be correct is A. They attract birds and insects to assist in pollination.
Explanation:
Answer:
a
Explanation:
i took the test
I WILL GIVE BRAINLEIST IF CORRECT
Describe the steps, in order, that a sedimentary rock would undergo to change to a metamorphic rock, then to an igneous rock.
Answer:
The three main rock types are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.
The three processes that change one rock to another are crystallization, metamorphism, and erosion and sedimentation.
Any rock can transform into any other rock by passing through one or more of these processes. This creates the rock cycle.
Explanation:
Weathering wears rocks at the Earth’s surface down into smaller pieces. The small fragments are called sediments. Running water, ice, and gravity all transport these sediments from one place to another by erosion. During sedimentation, the sediments are laid down or deposited. In order to form a sedimentary rock, the accumulated sediment must become compacted and cemented together.
Hope this Helps <3
But your probably going to give him the brainliest, Good Job (:c)
(AKS 4c, DOK 3) Which explanation below accurately describes the
relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light to create
sugars with a by-product of oxygen. These sugars are used by the organism in the
presence of oxygen to make energy (frequently ATP) that can be used in cellular
processes with a by-product of water and carbon dioxide.
O
Cellular respiration uses oxygen and water in the presence of light to create sugars
with a by-product of carbon dioxide. These sugars are used by the organism in the
presence of carbon dioxide to make energy (frequently ATP) that can be used in
cellular processes with a by-product of water and oxygen.
Photosynthesis uses oxygen and water in the presence of light to create sugars with a
by-product of carbon dioxide. These sugars are used by the organism in the presence
of carbon dioxide to make energy (frequently ATP) that can be used in cellular
processes with a by-product of water and oxygen.
Cellular respiration uses water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light to create
sugars with a by-product of oxygen. These ars are used the organism in the
presence of oxygen to make energy (frequently ATP) that can be used in cellular
processes with a by-product of water and carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light to create
sugars with a by-product of oxygen. These sugars are used by the organism in the
presence of oxygen to make energy (frequently ATP) that can be used in cellular
processes with a by-product of water and carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
photosynthesis= water+CO2+light energy --> sugar + oxygen
cellular respiration is the exact opposite equation except you use ATP energy in place of light energy
The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is that Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light to create sugars with a by-product of oxygen. These sugars are used by the organism in the presence of oxygen to make energy (frequently ATP) that can be used in cellular and processes with a by-product of water and carbon dioxide.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is known as the process in which the green plants prepare their own food in the presence of sunlight and heat energy converted into chemical energy in the process of photosynthesis and green plants prepare their own food so they are known as the autotrophs.
The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is that Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light to create sugars with a by-product of oxygen. These sugars are used by the organism in the presence of oxygen to make energy (frequently ATP) that can be used in cellular and processes with a by-product of water and carbon dioxide.
Therefore, These sugars are used by the organism in the presence of oxygen to make energy (frequently ATP) that can be used in cellular and processes with a by-product of water and carbon dioxide.
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20. Scientists have discovered that there has been a reduction in the butterfly population in an ecosystem. After much
research, they have identified that the carrying capacity for butterflies has been decreased. If the scientists want to increase
the butterfly population, which action should they recommend?
A. removing primary producers
B. spraying of insecticides
C. increasing runoff
D. planting flowers
Answer:
i think the answer is planting flowers
Explanation:
this will allow more butterflies to have food.
Answer:
hello again
Explanation:
Which discovery was essential to the concept that all life forms have cells as basic units?
Fungi, such as mushrooms and molds, get their nutrition primarily by
Answer:
A1) The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell by Hooke.
A2) Decaying organic matter
Explanation:
__________
In order to be considered a living organism, you must meet the following characteristics: 1. must be made of cells. 2. must grow and develop. 3.
Must be able to reproduce. 4. It must respond to stimuli. 5. It must maintain internal conditions. 6. Must have organized structures. and
Explanation:
Need energy to stay alive
please help asap, will give brainliest
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Answer:
ItS C!
Explanation:
BtW U CuTe No HoMo.
A cell going through meiosis changes as it divides. Which process is most important for producing
haploid cells?
Group of answer choices
independent assortment
reduction division
synthesis
crossing over
Answer:
Reduction DivisionExplanation:
Reduction division is the process that is most important for producing haploid cells during meiosis. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms. It involves two successive divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II) that result in the production of four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is known as "reduction division."
Reduction division is important because it ensures that the daughter cells produced by meiosis have the correct number of chromosomes. In organisms that have a diploid number of chromosomes (such as humans, which have 46 chromosomes), the daughter cells produced by meiosis have a haploid number of chromosomes (23 chromosomes). These haploid cells can then combine with other haploid cells during fertilization to form a new diploid organism.
Independent assortment, synthesis, and crossing over are also important processes that occur during meiosis, but they do not directly produce haploid cells. Independent assortment refers to the random distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells during meiosis I. Synthesis is the process of DNA replication, which occurs prior to meiosis. Crossing over is a process that occurs during meiosis I in which chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to genetic diversity in the daughter cells.
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all you need is in the photo
Answer:
The number of small fish and crustaceans increased.
all you need is in the photo
Answer:
i want to ive in habitat a
Explanation:
mark me brainliest bc im smart and helped aloyt
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Because more water is there since its not that dry in habitat A, and transpiration means like water vapor through plants/leaves
Can you explain what happens when a cloud forms?
Answer:
Clouds form as air warms up near the Earth's surface and rises. It is heated by sunlight and the ground heats the air just above it. That warmed air starts to rise because when warm it is lighter and less dense than the air around it. As it rises, its pressure and temperature drop causing water vapor to condense.
Natural Selection helps save organisms in a population that have poor adaptive traits, and are not thriving.
True
False
Answer:
true!
Explanation:
natural selection: (definition) the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution
Which level of organization is best represented by the cactus plant?
A
cell
B
organ
C
organism
D
tissue
The level of organization is best represented by the cactus plant organism. Thus, option C is correct.
What is organisation level in the living things?In the case of the living things first of all they has been made up of the cell and the cell has been known as the basic as well as fundamental unit of the living things, after that the cells has been combined and they must form tissue, or we can say that the group of the cell is known as tissue.
Tissues has been combined together and they form the muscles and these muscles are of several types and than after that muscles combined together and they form the organ and each of the organ of the body has been made up of different types of the tissue. Like heart has been made up of such type of tissue that never takes rest.
At last the organs or we can say that two three organs has been combined together to form the organ system of the body such as the nervous system, respiratory system, and these systems has been combinedly form the whole organism.
Therefore, The level of organization is best represented by the cactus plant organism. Thus, option C is correct.
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Explain how DNA is used to make a protein.
Gene expression is explained as a process by which the instructions that exist in the Deoxy Ribonucleic Acid (DNA) are being converted into a useful form of molecules such as functional mRNA molecules and proteins.
The transcription and translation process are 2 significant processes that play a vital role in deciding the protein’s type and quantity. The process is defined in a step-wise manner as follows:
The initial step in the expression of the gene where sequences of DNA are certainly copied in the RNA sequence format is known as Transcription Ribo Nucleic Acid molecules are essential for the protein molecule’s construction. The pre-mRNA that are formed must undergo modification known as a post-transcriptional modification to produce the final form called messenger RNA (mRNA). The process by which mRNA formed from the process of transcription is decoded to result in the production of proteins are called translation Two important molecules including tRNAs and ribosomes significantly facilitate the translation process.
Thus, the process of how DNA is used to make protein is explained.
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Most of the cells of the human body contain two sets of 23
chromosomes. Where did these chromosomes come from?
a- both sets came from the mother
b- both sets came from the father
c- a random number of chromosomes came from each parent
e-one set came from each parent
Answer:
e-one set came from each parent
Explanation:
Which of the following organelles is in plant cells, but not animal cells ?
1. Nucleus
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Chloroplasts
4. Cytoplasm
Answer:
Chloroplasts
Explanation:
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast . Plants do photosynthesis , so they have chloroplasts in their cells. But animals dont do photosynthesis , so they dont have it in their cells
Which feature do plants have that provide structure and form?
Answer:
Plants have a cell wall which gives the plant structure. The cell wall is made of cellulose.
Explanation:
Answer: plants have an internal skeleton of bones
Explanation:
Does diffusion require energy??!! (:
Answer:
no
Explanation:
i requires some form of ATP
How is cross pollination of flowers beneficial? A: cross pollination helps repel bees B: flowers cannot pollinate them selves
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Cross pollination helps repel bees, Self pollination can be done
Explain the effect of activity on a heart rate
What type of cell is shown the image?
Answer: eukaryotic cells
Explanation:
The image shows a eukaryotic plant cell undergoing DNA replication and mitosis to produce daughter cells.
Eukaryotic cells, including plant cells, have a well-defined nucleus enclosed within a membrane, where the genetic material (DNA) is located.
DNA replication is the process of copying the cell's genetic information to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
Mitosis is a form of cell division where the duplicated chromosomes are segregated into two identical daughter cells. This process is essential for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in plants and other eukaryotic organisms.
The daughter cells will be genetically identical to the parent cell, allowing for the propagation of the same genetic information and traits.
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