There are a number of reasons why cybersecurity has become politicized. One reason is that cybersecurity threats are often seen as emanating from other countries, which can lead to a politicization of the issue. Another reason is that the private sector is often seen as the primary victim of cyberattacks, which can lead to calls for the government to do more to protect businesses. Finally, there is a growing recognition that cyberattacks can have major national security implications, which has led to increased calls for the government to take a more active role in cybersecurity.
What do you mean by cybersecurity?
Cybersecurity is the protection of internet-connected systems from cyberthreats such as hardware, software, and data. Individuals and businesses use the practice to prevent unauthorized access to data centers and other computerized systems. A strong cybersecurity strategy can provide a good security posture against malicious attacks aimed at gaining access to, altering, deleting, destroying, or extorting an organization's or user's systems and sensitive data. Cybersecurity is also important in preventing attacks that aim to disable or disrupt the operation of a system or device.
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what term is used to describe the likelihood (probability) that a project network's original critical path will change over the course of executing the project?
The term used to describe the likelihood(probability) that a project network's original critical path will change over the course of executing the project is Sensitivity.
How do you find the Critical path of a project?
1) List activities
2) Identify Dependencies
3) Create a network diagram
4) Estimate task duration
5) Calculate the critical path
6) Calculate the float
Through data-driven forecasting, project sensitivity is a comprehensive assessment of the likelihood that a project will be successful. Additionally, it distinguishes between high-risk and low-risk tasks, assesses risks' effects, and identifies dangers.
Hence, Project Sensitivity is the term used to describe the likelihood(Probability).
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write a program that calls a function calculatesum to calculate the sum from -5 to n. the function calculatesum has one parameter n of type integer and returns an integer which represents the sum from -5 to n, inclusive. write another function calculateaverage that calculates an average. this function will have two parameters: the sum and the number of items. it returns the average as a floating point number. the main function should be responsible for all inputs and outputs. your functions will only calculate and return the values and not print anything. n is provided by the user; user input must be asked for repeatedly until a non-negative integer is provided.
The process of carrying out a specific computation through the design and construction of an executable computer program is known as computer programming.
What is meant by computer programming?Classes and functions are used in programming languages to manage commands. Programming tells a computer to carry out these instructions regularly so that people don't have to repeat the process by hand, which is why it's so crucial. Instead, the computer program can complete it precisely and automatically.
The process of carrying out a specific computation through the design and construction of an executable computer program is known as computer programming. Analysis, algorithm generation, resource utilize profiling, and algorithm implementation exists some of the duties involved in programming.
Writing code to support certain activities in a computer, application, or software program and giving them instructions on how to do is known as computer programming.
The program is as follows:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int calculateSum(int n){
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0;i<=n;i++){
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
float calculateAverage(int sum, int n){
return 1.0*sum/n;
}
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<"Enter n: ";
cin>>n;
int sum = calculateSum(n);
float avg = calculateAverage(sum,n);
cout<<"Sum = "<<sum<<endl;
cout<<"Average = "<<avg<<endl;
return 0;
}
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Jesse purchases a new smartphone and is immediately able to use it to send a photo over the Internet to a friend who lives in a different country. Which of the following is NOT necessary to make this possible?
Since Jesse is able to use it to send a photo over the Internet to a friend who lives in a different country, the option that is not necessary to make this possible is option B: A single direct connection is established between any two devices connected to the Internet.
What Exactly Is a Direct Connection?In a direct connection, a cable is used to connect one computer to another computer, as opposed to using a network. Perhaps a crossover cable is being used in place of an Ethernet switch in this instance. Compared to using a network, this type of connection is often quicker.
Note that ISP stands for Internet Service Provider by its definition. The datacenter serves as the ISP if a server receives its internet from there. Because there is no single entity that owns the internet, servers do not connect "directly" to it.
Therefore, A network solution called Direct Connect offers an alternative to using the Internet to access AWS cloud services.
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See full question below
.
Jesse purchases a new smartphone and is immediately able to use it to send a photo over the Internet to a friend who lives in a different country. Which of the following is NOT necessary to make this possible?
answer choices
Both devices are using the same shared and open protocols
A single direct connection is established between any two devices connected to the Internet
The data of the image is routed through a sequence of directly connected devices before arriving at its destination.
Both devices are directly connected to at least one part of the Internet
after marge turned on her computer, she saw a message indicating that some of her files were remotely encrypted, and she needs to provide a bitcoin payment for the de-encryption key, . what does this indicate?
The message indicates that the computer has been infected with ransomware, and the files have been encrypted. The attacker is demanding a payment in Bitcoin in order to provide the decryption key.
What is bitcoin?
Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer digital currency that may be transmitted via the bitcoin network. Bitcoin transactions are cryptographically verified by network nodes and recorded in a public distributed ledger known as a blockchain. The cryptocurrency was created in 2008 by an unknown individual or group of individuals using the alias Satoshi Nakamoto. On October 31, 2008, a white paper defining the name bitcoin was published. It's a mash-up of the phrases bit and coin.
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Recently a family from virginia received the keys to their new 3d printed home. The 3d printer that manufactured this home is primarily a ________ innovation.
The 3d printer that manufactured this home is primarily a technologically enabled innovation.
A technical innovation with the potential to upend the industrial industry is 3D printing, or more generally additive manufacturing. Spools of plastic filament or trays of resin are turned into tangible items using 3D printing. Literally out of this world is 3D printing.
On the International Space Station, where NASA keeps a 3D printer, astronauts may create unique items (like this maintenance wrench) without needing to launch them into space.
Students, business owners, hobbyists, and large factories all use 3D printing. There are many applications for 3D printer since technology makes it possible to turn a digital design into a real-world object.
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2 Explain:How is computer science helping this
scientist do her research?
Researchers in computer science and information technology develop new technologies, as well as novel applications for old ones. They research and address challenging computing issues for a variety of applications in industry, science, and medical.
Why will computer science matter in the future?Future prospects for computer science are bright. A career in just this area will provide access to several job prospects. Web developer, cybersecurity professional, database administrator, software developer, and more are just a few of the numerous occupations available in this industry.
What does computer science primarily aim to achieve?Improve your ability to solve problems To address issues, exercise logical, computational, and creative thought. Create an algorithm for the solution after identifying and analyzing the issue. The algorithm should be a methodical technique to process the input data to create the desired output.
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the term memory refers to data storage that is accessed
a) long term
b) short term
c) medium term
d) no term
Answer:
b: short term
Explanation:
A hard drive or solid state drive stores long-term data. RAM (Random access memory) is like an extremely fast HDD/SSD that temporarily stores a small amount of data that the CPU needs immediate access to.
You can think of this sort of like baking. When you are baking, you have a limited amount of space on the counter where you can immediately use items you place on it. This space on your counter would be like your RAM. Then you have your fridge. Your fridge is where you can place lots of items for longer periods of time that you don't need immediate access to. The fridge would be like your HDD/SSD.
The sun has been up for several hours, and it has been shining on these trees.
What can the trees do because they are in sunlight? What does this mean for the number of energy storage molecules in the trees?
The trees can . . .
A. give off carbon to the air. Giving off carbon allows them to make energy storage molecules.
B. give off carbon to the air. Giving off carbon uses up energy storage molecules.
C. take in carbon from the air. The carbon is used to make energy storage molecules.
D. take in carbon from the air. The carbon is used to break down energy storage molecules.
For some hours now, the light has been beaming on these trees. Because they are in sunlight, The trees can "take in carbon from the air. The carbon is used to make energy storage molecules." (Option C).
What is the above process called?The above process is called Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process through which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar energy.
Photosynthesis is the process through which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy, which is subsequently released to fuel the organism's activities through cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis has the following characteristics: It is a process that happens only in plants that have the green pigment chlorophyll, which is utilized to manufacture food. Sunlight, water, and oxygen are required, and two processes occur, one light-dependent and one light-independent.
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how does an ips differ from an ids? an ips is passive and an ids is active. an ips uses heuristics and an ids is signature-based. an ips will block, reject, or redirect unwanted traffic; an ids will only send an alert. an ids will block, reject, or redirect unwanted traffic; an ips will only send an alert.
The difference between an IPS and IDS is an ips will block, reject, or redirect unwanted traffic; ids will only send an alert.
An intrusion detection system (IDS) is described as a solution that monitors network cases and analyzes them to detect security incidents and imminent threats. An intrusion prevention system (IPS) means a solution that shows intrusion detection and then goes one step ahead and prevents any detected threats. The primary difference between the two is that one monitor while the other controls. IDS systems don't change the packets.
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use the drop-down menus to correctly complete these sentences about how variables can be defined. are single numbers or values, which may include integers, floating-point decimals, or strings of characters. a(n) is a group of scalar or individual values that are stored in one entity. a(n) is a data type that is assigned a true or false value by a programmer. a(n) is a data type that can be assigned multiple values.
Single numbers or values are known as scalars, and they can take the form of character strings, integers, or floating-point decimals.
Single numbers or values are known as scalars, and they can take the form of character strings, integers, or floating-point decimals.
An array is a collection of scalar or distinct values that are kept in a single object.
A data type that has been given a true or false value by a programmer is known as a user-defined type.
A data type with numerous values is called an abstract data type.
scalar, a physical quantity whose magnitude serves as its sole description. Volume, density, speed, energy, mass, and time are a few examples of scalars. Other quantities, like as force and velocity, are referred to as vectors since they have both magnitude and direction.
Real numbers that are typically positive but not always characterize scalars. When a particle moves in the opposite direction from the direction in which a force is acting, as happens when frictional force slows down a moving body, for instance, the work done on the particle by the force is a negative quantity. The standard algebraic principles can be used to modify scalars.
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after having downloaded and installed pfblockerng for your pfsense firewall, you are configuring what sites to block. how do you block lists of websites you don't want the employees to access?
The steps that you may comply with to block lists of websites you do not need the employees to access are:
Create a written limited Internet use insurance for employees.Refuse to permit the Internet to get proper access to employees who do now no longer require it.Place passwords on laptop structures that get proper access to the Internet.Install software that controls Internet usage.One way to block users from having the capability to overtake your net internet site online is to restrict their IP addresses. Based on your dialogue board or commenting host, like WordPress or Disqus, you may be able to locate the IP address of a purchaser from the admin dashboard or server logs.
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if you plan on diagnosing a problem by searching technical forums or other internet resources, what information should you provide if you are getting an error message?
If you are getting an error message, you should provide the message text, the software or system you are using, and any other relevant information.
What is error message?
When an unexpected issue arises, information is shown in the form of an error message, typically on a computer or other device. Error messages are frequently shown using dialogue boxes on contemporary operating systems with graphical user interfaces. When a user action is necessary, to show that a desired operation has failed, or to communicate significant cautions, error messages are employed. Error messages are a common sight in computing and are included in every operating system and piece of hardware. An important problem in usability and other areas of human-computer interaction is proper error message design. When an unexpected event occurs, an operating system or application will notify the user with an error message. Error messages are often presented by the operating system or programme with the use of dialogue boxes.
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you are developing an app for a company. devices that access the app must be enrolled in microsoft intune. the app must not require additional code for conditional access. you need to select an app type. which app type should you use?
Microsoft Intune App Type should be used.
What is app?
A computer programme or software application that is made specifically to run on a mobile device, such as a phone, tablet, and watch, is known as a mobile application or app. Via contrast to desktop applications, which are created to operate on desktop computers, or web applications, which run as mobile web browsers instead of directly on the mobile device, mobile applications are frequently intended to run on mobile devices. The public demand for apps caused a rapid expansion into other fields such as mobile games, industrial automation, GPS as well as location-based services, order-tracking, as well as ticket purchases, leading to the availability of millions of apps today. Apps were initially intended for productivity assistance including such email, calendar, and contact databases. Internet access is required for many apps.
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What is psychological dependence
a. the body can function normally but the brain craves the drug
scanning an item at a computerized checkout station in a supermarket is an example of
Answer:
input
Explanation:
bob has bought a dvd and a dvd player. he owns both and has complete physical access, inside and out, to the disk and player. does bob have unrestricted access to everything the hardware and software contains?
No, Bob does not have unrestricted access to everything on the hardware and software. While he has complete physical access to the disk and player, there may be certain files or folders that he is not able to access depending on the permissions that have been set.
What is disk?
A disk (or diskette) is a flat, spherical plate that can be used to encode and store data. Hard discs are a common component of a computer's storage system, although most other types of disk technology (floppy discs, CD-ROMs, and so on) have become obsolete. Data access from a drive is slower than data access from main memory, but disks are significantly cheaper. Disks, unlike RAM, retain data even after the computer is switched off. As a result, while disks have historically been the preferred storage medium for most types of data, they are gradually being supplanted by newer forms of storage such as flash drives, solid state drives, and cloud storage.
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which component is designed to let you use a notebook system as a desktop system by making it possible to connect a normal-sized external mouse, keyboard, monitor, and speakers?
You may utilise notebook computers as desktop computers by docking them. You can use a standard-sized external mouse, keyboard, monitor, and speakers by plugging them into the docking station's specific connectors, which are connected to the notebook's rear.
What is desktop?
By docking laptops, you can use them as desktop computers. By connecting them to the precise connectors found on the docking station, which are attached to the back of the notebook, you can utilise an external mouse, keyboard, monitor, and speakers that are of standard size. The most prevalent form of computers were minicomputers, which, despite their name, were fairly large and were "mini" just compared to the so-called "big iron." Before the widespread adoption of microprocessors, a computer that fit on a desk was thought to be astonishingly little. The first computers, and later the all-purpose, high-throughput "mainframes," occupied an entire room.
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you are an it consultant. you are visiting a new client's site to become familiar with their network. as you walk around their facility, you note the following: when you enter the facility, a receptionist greets you and escorts you through a locked door to the work area where the office manager sits. the office manager informs you that the organization's servers are kept in a locked closet. an access card is required to enter the server closet. she informs you that server backups are configured to run each night. a rotation of tapes are used as the backup media. you notice the organization's network switch is kept in the server closet. you notice that a router/firewall/content filter all-in-one device has been implemented in the server closet to protect the internal network from external attacks. the office manager informs you that her desktop system no longer boots and asks you to repair or replace it, recovering as much data as possible in the process. you take the workstation back to your office to work on it. which security-related recommendations should you make to this client?
Security-related recommendations should you make to this client-
-implement a security policy
-implement user training on security policy
-update software to latest security patches
-configure the router/firewall/content filter to allow only certain ports through.
What is Client?
As part of the client-server model of computer networks, a clients is a piece of hardware or apps that accesses a provider made available by a server. In cases where the client needs to access the service across a network because the server is frequently (but not always) located on a different computer system.
A client is a computer or programme that uses another programme, piece of computer hardware, or piece of software to access a service provided by a server in order to function. Online browsers, for instance, are clients that link to web applications and download web pages so that they can be displayed. Email is retrieved from mail servers via email clients.
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a user complains that he cannot access a particular web site, although he is able to access other web sites. at which layer of the osi model should you begin troubleshooting the problem?
The layer of the OSI version that must start troubleshooting the problem is layer 1.
The Open Systems Interconnection version may be defined as a conceptual version that resources a not unusualplace foundation for the coordination of [ISO] requirements improvement for structures interconnection. The Physical layer of the OSI version way accountable for the switch of bits — the 1's and 0's which make up all pc code. This layer plays the bodily medium this is wearing the site visitors among nodes. An instance could be your Ethernet cable or Serial Cable.
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Describe how to create a list with bullets
what is the process of providing a user with permission including access levels and abilities such as file access, hours of access, and amount of allocated storage space?
Giving a user permissions, such as access levels and privileges like file access, access times, and designated storage space, involves authentication.
How does authentication work?
Authentication is the process of ensuring that someone or something is, in fact, who or what it claims to be.Authentication technology restricts access to systems by comparing a user's credentials to those kept on a data authentication server or in a database of authorized users.There are three types of authentication factors:A password or personal identification number (PIN) is something you know; a token, like a bank card, is something you have; and biometrics, like voice and fingerprint recognition, are something you are.Password authentication, which uses a username and password combination, is the most popular kind of authentication.One well-known example is gaining access to a user's account on a website or service provider .To protect systems and data, administrators use authentication and authorisation as two essential information security procedures.Through authentication and authorisation, the identity of a person or service is established, as well as their access rights.A certificate of authenticity is essential for products like jewelry, original works of art, and autographs.This piece of paper certifies that your product is original and not a replica or fakeYou must contact a certified authenticator in your industry in order to acquire your certificate.
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how many mb is in 8byte
The numbers of mb is in 8 byte is 0.00000762939453125 MB.
What is the byte about?1 byte is equal to 8 bits. There are 8 bytes in 64 bits.
1 megabyte (MB) is equal to 1,048,576 bytes, so 8 bytes is a very small fraction of a megabyte. To be precise, 8 bytes is equivalent to:
8/1,048,576 = 0.00000762939453125 MB.
Therefore, It's more common to see byte-based measurements when working with small amount of data, however for most of the regular measurements in digital media and computer storage, it is more common to see measurements in megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
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a star topology is: group of answer choices difficult to manage because the central computer receives and routes all messages in the network dependent upon the capacity of the central computer for its performance always slower than a ring network less susceptible to traffic problems than other architectures not affected if the central computer fails
A star topology is dependent upon the capacity of the central computer for its performance. So the right answer to this question is B.
The star topology can be defined as a network topology in which each network component is physically connected to a central node such as a router, hub, or switch. In a star topology, the central hub acts like a server and the connecting nodes act like clients. The star topology has a function to reduce the impact of a transmission line failure by independently connecting each host to the hub.
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why does the maximum packet lifetime have to be large enough to ensure that not only the packet but also its acknowledgments have disappeared? give one potential disadvantage when nagle's algorithm is used on a badly congested network
Since duplicate packets could result.
Why does the maximum packet lifetime have to be large?
In order to guarantee that the packets and their ACK are both received before being discarded. Whenever the packet is received but no ACK is received. Duplicate packets could result.
What is the potential disadvantage when Nagle's algorithm is used on a badly congested network?
It leads to an increase in delay, which slows down an application that needs a quick network response.
Nagle's algorithm:
Nagle's algorithm makes the stack wait until every piece of data on a connection has been acknowledged before sending more data. By reducing the number of packets that must be sent, this technique, known as "nagling," improves the efficiency of a network application system.
Thus duplicate packet results out if the maximum packet lifetime has to be large.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Ali receives an email from a person posing as a bank agent, who asks Ali to share his bank account credentials. Which type of network attack does this scenario indicate? The network attack in this scenario is This attack can occur
Ali receives an email from a person posing as a bank agent, who asks Ali to share his bank account credentials. The type of network attack this scenario indicates is a Phishing attack.
What is a Phishing Attack?Phishing is a sort of social engineering in which an attacker sends a fake communication in order to fool a person into disclosing sensitive information to the attacker or to install harmful software, such as ransomware, on the victim's infrastructure.
The following are examples of Phishing attacks:
Phishing using a spear.Whaling.Vishing.Phishing through emailPhishing (pronounced "fishing") is an assault that tries to steal your money or identity by tricking you into disclosing personal information – such as credit card numbers, bank account information, or passwords – on websites that appear to be legitimate.
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you are the administrator for your organization, which has started using containers. you need to create and modify a stack. what command would you use?
Docker build is the command used
What is Docker build?
Using a Dockerfile and a "context," the docker build command creates Docker images. The collection of files present in the PATH or URL given is referred to as the build context. Any file in the context may be mentioned in relation to the build process. A COPY instruction, for instance, can be used in your build to reference a file in the context.
Docker stack command:
In addition to managing the orchestration of numerous containers across various machines, Docker Stack is a layer above Docker containers. A Docker Swarm is a collection of machines running the Docker daemon that are grouped together to share resources, and it is used to run Docker Stack.
Hence using the docker build and docker stack commands we can modify a stack
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uppose that a tcp segment has a lifetime of 2 minutes in the network. calculate the maximum transmission speed (bits/second) at which a host can send out 1460-byte tcp segments so that there will not be two tcp segments from the same sender with the same sequence number in the network, i.e., without having the tcp sequence numbers wrap around?
The maximum transmission speed at which a host can send out 1460-bytes TCP segments from the same sender with the same sequence number in the network exists at 10 bits per second.
How to estimate the sustained maximum data transfer rate?If the bandwidth exists at 10 Gbps, the link will be (10/8) 109 bps = 1.25 109 bps.
120 seconds is the maximum segment lifetime.
The amount of data transferred in 120 seconds exists equivalent to 150 1.25 109 bps / 120. 1.5 x 1010 bytes Equals 109 bytes
The TCP will generate a 1.5 1010 sequence number in the 120 seconds.
One is required to transfer data at the highest speed to make a 1.5 × 1010 unique sequence.
= ceiling(log(1.5 1010)
= ceil(log(1.5) + log(1010))
= ceil(0.1761 + 10)
= ceil(10.1761) (10.1761)
= 10 bits in the field for the sequence number.
Therefore, a sustained maximum data transfer rate of 10 bits per second exists required between two hosts.
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1. what does crud stand for (in terms of systems analysis)? 2. what does crud map? (that is, it maps ..... with ......) (with respect to this course, i.e. what does the book say) 2. how can this technique (crud) be used to identify missing use cases? 4. how does this relate to an objects life cycle (in oo programming) and to underlying database activity (at the row/record level)?
1)In the software system analysis, CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete.
2) A traditional CRUD mapping maps data to process to action in the order of creating, reading, updating, and deleting data.
3) It aids in the identification of missing cases during system analysis by creating use cases that create, report on, update, and delete data items.
4) The CRUD cycle identifies the elemental functional life cycle in OO programming by transforming data into objects, and it is the same in database activity by creating, reading, updating, and deleting database records.
What is System analysis?
System analysis is defined as "the process of studying a procedure or business to identify its goals and purposes and to develop systems and procedures to achieve them efficiently." Another point of view regards system analysis as a problem-solving technique that deconstructs a system into its component parts and examines how well those parts work and interact to achieve their goals.
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which of the following statements is true about a vpn? group of answer choices a vpn client software encrypts messages to ensure secure transmissions. a vpn network does not provide users with remote access. a vpn connection utilizes private networks instead of the public network. a vpn connection appears as a secure connection, though it is not. a vpn is only used between hosts on local networks.
The statement that is true about VPN is: a VPN client software encrypts messages to ensure secure transmissions.
In the field of computer science, a VPN can be described as a network that allows a secured connection when a public connection is being used. A VPN helps to protect the privacy of a user and establishes secure transmissions.
Encryption is formed for the protection of data through a VPN. Secure transmissions are established by a VPN by hiding the IP address of a network through the VPN.
As a result of a VPN, you can use public networks such as a public wi-fi without any risk an VPN will ensure a secure transmisison.
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ow many 2-to-4 decoders are necessary to create a 4-to-16 decoder?b.how many 3-to-8 decoders are necessary to create a 6-to-64 decoder?c.how many 1-bit 2-to-1 muxesare necessary to create a 1-bit 8-to-1 mux?d.how many 1-bit 2-to-1 muxes are necessary to create an 8-bit 2-to-1 m
You will want 16 (4 x 16) decoders to match the 256 outputs. In other words, you will need 16 times 4 inputs, or 64, but you only have 8 inputs available.
A combinational circuit made of logic gates is a decoder. It is the encoder's opposite. A set of digital input signals is converted into an equivalent decimal code of the output by a decoder circuit. A decoder produces 2n outputs for every 'n' inputs. In this article, we'll talk about designing a circuit for a 4 to 16 decoder utilizing a 3 to 8 decoder.
A combinational circuit known as an encoder converts a group of signals into a code. An encoder circuit produces "n" outputs for "2n" inputs.
By combining two or more lesser combinational circuits, a decoder circuit of the higher combination is created. Two 3 to 8 decoder circuits or three 2 to 4 decoder circuits can be used to create a 4 to 16 decoder circuit.
The enable pin serves as both decoders' input when two 3 to 8 Decoder circuits are coupled. A 3 to 8 decoder circuit's enable pin is low when another 3 to 8 decoder circuit's enable pin is high.
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