Some microbiologists prefer to open and close quickly the culture tube instead of flaming its mouth prior and after transferring bacteria to or from it because it prevents spills more effectively because it eliminates the necessity of an open flame
What are the risks associated with utilising direct burning to control bacteria?Contamination danger is increased. Not all contagious components will be promptly deactivated and destroyed when an item is exposed to open flames.
Flaming the Test Tube's Mouth: A convection current is produced when the mouth of a tube is passed past the flame of a Bunsen burner, forcing air out of the tube. By doing this, pollutants from the air are kept out of the tube.
Flaming is used to warm the bottle's opening and produce air convection currents that move away from the opening rather than sterilising it (i.e., updraft). The heated, rising air helps keep contaminants and other impurities out of the bottle.
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Explain why chlorophyll might be limiting factor for some plants...
Answer:
Since photosynthesis cannot begin without light, it is the first limiting factor.
(20!!!!!)Select the type of inheritance pattern that is best described below:
When graphed, the number of individuals of various heights forms a bell-shaped curve.
a
Pleiotropy
b
Polygenic Inheritance
c
Multiple Alleles
d
Codominance
e
Incomplete Dominance
Answer:
Polygenic Inheritance tend to result in a distribution that resembles a bell-shaped curve, with few at the extremes and most in the middle.
which statement about connective tissues is true? which statement about connective tissues is true? the matrix of connective tissue is composed of both a ground substance and a fibrous component all connective tissues are avascular connective tissues are named for their most apical layers neuroglia are cells found within connective tissues
The matrix of connective tissue is composed of both a ground substance and a fibrous component this statement about connective tissues is true.
In addition to holding structures together and providing support for organs and the body as a whole, connective tissues also function to repair damaged tissues, store fat, transport substances, and defend against disease. They exist everywhere over the body. There are four categories of connective tissues: connective tissue proper, blood, bones, cartilage, and connective tissue . because blood transports various materials and gases from one area of the body to another as a result of the heart's pumping function, blood is viewed as a connective tissue. Therefore, it joins many body tissues and organs, earning its name as a connective tissue. The connective tissue that is most broadly spread in an animal's body is called areolar tissue. It is located beneath the skin and acts as a scaffolding for the epithelium.
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a bacterium underwent a missense mutation. which of the following has changed? a. just its phenotype b. just its genotype c. both its genotype and phenotype d. neither its genotype nor phenotype
When a bacterium undergoes a missense mutation, only its genotype changes.
While occasionally spontaneous mutations may occur that cause it to change, genotype often remains constant from one environment to another. A broad variety of phenotypes can be produced by the same genotype when it is exposed to various environments.
What are missense mutations?
A missense mutation is a DNA alteration that causes the protein produced to encode a different amino acid at a specific location. Some missense mutations change how the resulting protein functions. Missense mutations, which modify an amino acid in a protein without changing how it functions, can also be benign.
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If the distance between Earth and the sun were doubled what would be the force of gravity between them
HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Studying photosynthesis shows us how God provides for us at even the molecular level. What does Scripture encourage us to do in response to God’s provisions, as mentioned in Matthew 6:28-34 ESV?
The Scripture encourage us to be steadfast and seek his kingdom in response to God’s provisions.
What is Provision?This is referred to as the process in which a material is provided or supplied and an example is food, clothing etc. God is the ultimate being and ensures that several resources are available for the various creatures which are present on earth.
The scripture talks about how we should be steady and seek his kingdom so as not to worry about tomorrow. This is because he has the ability to provide and take care of our needs if we have faith and believe in him.
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someone diagnosed with meningitis has inflamed membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. meningitis is a result of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that cause extreme infections when their bacterial cell wall dies and lipopolysaccharide (a lipid and polysaccharide) is released. the lipopolysaccharide is an example of a(n) endotoxin. exotoxin. stomach microbiota. parasite.
Meningitis is a result of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that cause extreme infections when their bacterial cell wall dies and lipopolysaccharide is released. The lipopolysaccharide is an example of an endotoxin.
What are endotoxins?
Large bacterial toxins known as lipopolysaccharides are composed of a lipid and a polysaccharide. They may be found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are made up of an O-antigen, an outer core, and an inner core that are all connected by a covalent link.
First off, endotoxins are harmful when they reach the bloodstream because they can cause fever and a variety of other negative effects, such as aseptic shock and even death. The health effects of endotoxin, a strong inflammatory agent, are well known and include fever, trembling chills, septic shock, toxic pneumonitis, and respiratory symptoms.
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all of the energy is released as heat when protons (h ) flow from high to low concentration through the group of answer choices atp synthase in mitochondria. atp synthase in chloroplasts. uncoupling protein in mitochondria. photosynthetic electron transport chain. mitochondrial electron transport chain.
A proton is one of the three essential elements of an atom. Atoms contain protons in their nucleus. At the core of each atom, there is a minuscule, dense area.
What is protons?A proton is a stable subatomic particle with the symbols p, H+, or 1H+ and an electric charge of +1 e. Its mass is 1836 times greater than that of an electron and only slightly less than that of a neutron.Every atom has a proton, a subatomic particle, in its nucleus. The particle possesses an electrical charge that is positive and opposite to the electron's.A proton is one of the three essential elements of an atom. Atoms contain protons in their nucleus. At the core of each atom, there is a minuscule, dense area.To learn more about protons refer to:
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If a nutrition facts label lists total carbohydrate as 12 grams, total sugar as 5 grams, and added sugar as 4 grams, then how many calories are provided from carbohydrates?.
The nutrition fact labelling total carbohydrates as 12 grams will give 48 calories.
As per the nutritional information, the total mass of carbohydrates is 12 grams. The labels total sugar and added sugar are the sub parts of carbohydrates, thus, they are already calculated in total carbohydrates. As per the known fact, carbohydrates provides 4 calories per gram. Performing calculation as per this.
Number of calories in 1 gram of carbohydrates = 4 grams
Number of calories in 12 grams of carbohydrates = 4×12
Performing multiplication
Number of calories = 48 calories
Thus, the total carbohydrates of 12 grams will provide 48 calories.
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ASAP Summarize the lytic cycle.(1 point)
Responses
A virus copies its genetic material and then splits its cell membranes in half to form identical viruses.
A virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, copies itself, and then forms new viruses that burst out of the host cell.
A virus lays eggs on the host cell’s protein coat, which then hatch and move on to infect other cells.
The viral DNA incorporates itself with the host cell and replicates whenever the host cell replicates itself.
Answer:
A virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, copies itself, and then forms new viruses that burst out of the host cell.
Explanation:
There are two cycles of viral replication.
1. Lytic
2. Lysogenic
The lytic cycle involves the destruction of the cell to release viral particles.
The lysogenic cycle incorporates the DNA into the host's genome and the DNA is replicated when the cell replicates. This cycle can turn into the lytic cycle in a process called induction.
In the lytic cycle, the first stage is attachment, where the virus uses proteins on its surface to join to receptors on the host cell's membrane. What is the next stage in the lytic cycle?
Answer:
entry: the virus or its genetic material is taken into the host cell
What is the mass of a crate if a force of 200 N causes it to accelerate at 8 m/s2? (Formula: F=ma)
25 kg
192 kg
208 kg
16 kg
M
During which eon was the earth made of land masses all clumped together in one supercontinent called Rodinia?A. PhanerozoicB. HadeanC. ProterozoicD. Archean
The oldest of the supercontinents is called Rodinia and was formed during Precambrian between 1.1 billion and 750 million years ago. It as formed from parts of older and poorly inderstood supercontinents, being broken in the first period of the Neoproteozoic (Tonian Period). The scientists hypothesize that Rodinia as formed during the Proterozoic eon.
What is primary productivity?
A. the amount of sunlight that a plant receives
B. the rate at which organic matter is created by
producers
C. the amount of producers in a certain
ecosystem
Gross primary productivity is the total amount of organic matter that producers synthesize in the course of photosynthesis per unit of time and per unit of space (GPP).
In tropical regions, primary productivity is high and consistent throughout the year, but it is constrained by a cold temperature and a short growing season in temperate regions.
The tropics have the most sunlight, whilst the poles have the least. Due to this, net primary production (NPP) is highest in the tropics (>20 t ha 1 year) as opposed to the average (8 t ha 1 year) in temperate forests.
The synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide is referred to as primary production in ecology.
Water for which productivity is to be assessed is confined in sealed white and dark bottles. Primary productivity can be measured from the amount of oxygen utilized by a volume of water in a defined amount of time (bottle painted dark so light would not enter).
Primary production, the lowest trophic level, provides vital nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels and higher organisms because it is the lowest trophic level.
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6. Write a chemical equation for cellular respiration.
coman
Label the molecules involved.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide+Water Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen+Oxygen
Explanation:
Its chemical equation isCO2 +H2O C6 H12O6 +6O2
A bacterium converts light energy into chemical energy.
A. cellular respiration
B. glycolysis
C. photosynthesis
According to the research, the correct answer is C. A bacterium converts light energy into chemical energy represents the photosynthesis process.
What is photosynthesis?It is the process by which light energy is used for the synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2 and a reducing molecule.
In this sense, in nature there is a great diversity of photosynthetic bacterium, which obtain their energy from light to grow through the manufacture of sugars through chemical reactions.
Therefore, we can conclude that some bacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms capable of converts light energy to form sugars for energy.
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In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like?.
(C) "an antenna" is what clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like in a photosystem.
The light processes are crucially influenced by photosystems, sizable protein and pigment (light-absorbing molecule) complexes that are designed to capture light. The two different kinds of photosystems are the PSI and the PSII (PSII).
Numerous pigments that aid in the absorption of light energy may be found in both photosystems, along with a unique pair of chlorophyll molecules that are located at the core (reaction center) of the photosystem.
Clusters of the carotenoid, chlorophyll a, and b, carotenoid pigments in a photosystem act most like an antenna.
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Question correction:
In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments function most like
A) a spring.
B) a propeller on a motorboat.
C) an antenna.
D) a windmill
n the lab, you are observing some plant roots and notice that in many of the root cells there are tree-like projections inside the cells. subsequent staining indicates that these structures are fungal in origin. what are these structures? what is their purpose? (select all that apply)
These tree-like projections are called Mycorrhizae. These are symbiotic associations between plants and fungi. Their major role is to amplify nutrient and water takeup by the host plant by utilizing a larger volume of soil than roots alone can do.
Mycorrhizae come in several forms, dependent upon both host plant and fungal taxonomy. The distribution of these forms in ecosystems is related to host plant distribution and climatic and soil conditions. The ability of mycorrhizae to improve host plant nutrient and water acquisition and to help in the defence of root pathogens and root grazing can alter the host plant's performance.
Mycorrhizae are being used in agriculture, forestry, and restoration to improve yields and overcome some of the pollutants associated with plantings on disturbed sites. The ability of mycorrhizal fungi to accumulate heavy metals makes them possible candidates for the restoration and remediation of polluted environments.
Mycorrhizae can be advantageous to crops grown in soils with low nutrient supply. Mycorrhizal associations can lead to increased nutrient concentrations in plant tissue, particularly nutrients (e.g., P and Zn) which are contigent on diffusion toward roots for uptake. Therefore, the management of mycorrhizae is becoming a potential method for crop nutrient management.
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During the low point in the sun's 11-year cycle, the gravitational field lines up with the poles, resulting in
✓ This often occurs
During that phase of the solar cycle, intense bursts of radiation cause
the sun
Answer: ending in slower time sunspots.
Explanation: ending cycle
Answer: I assume you are looking for the answers to this prompt:
During the low point in the sun’s 11-year cycle, the gravitational field lines up with the poles, resulting in sunspots. At the peak of the solar cycle, more sunspots tend to form. During that phase of the solar cycle, intense bursts of radiation cause solar flares. This often occurs with coronal mass ejections, which are eruptions of huge amounts of plasma from the sun.
Explanation: Solar cycles occur in 11-year sequences where the sun's strength fluctuates based on solar plasma and magnetic field strengths.
what would be the overall yield to produce a four-base dna strand by solid-phase synthesis if each coupling reaction had a yield of 90% and all protection/deprotection reactions had 100% yields (rounded to the nearest percent)?
To nearest percent, the overall yield is or 66% which is needed to produce a four-base dna strand by solid-phase synthesis if each coupling reaction had a yield of 90% and all protection/deprotection reactions had 100% yields .
N-protected arginine (R) residue is initially attached to resin with its C-terminal during the solid phase production of KAVR. Deprotected arginine's amino terminus undergoes interaction with N-protected valine (V). The N-protected dipeptide is also deprotected and couples with N-protected alanine (A). In order to create an N-protected tetrapeptide, the N-protected tripeptide that was previously created must be deprotected.
The tetrapeptide is liberated from the resin after being deprotected.There are therefore a total of four coupling reactions with 90% yields.Thus, the overall yield is 65.6% (66%), or 90%*90%*90%*90%.Here is another question with an answer similar to this about coupling reaction: https://brainly.com/question/28098538
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suppose you examine a population of randomly-mating organisms and find that its actual genotype frequencies are not those predicted by hardy-weinberg equilibrium. what conclusion should you draw?
When the five requirements listed below are met, the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium asserts that perhaps the allelic frequency of organisms remains constant from generation to generation.The five conditions are.:
1) Large population size
2) Random mating
3) Sexual reproduction is necessary
4) No migration
5) No evolution (no natural selection)
If any of these five conditions is violated, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium cannot be used to forecast genotype frequencies.
Option-d evolutionhas occurred is the right answer since it violates the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium criteria.
What is Hardy-Weinberg principle?
The Hardy-Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law in population genetics, holds that in the absence of additional evolutionary factors, allele and genotype frequencies in a population would remain constant from generation to generation.
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This organelle resembles the circulatory system because it carries nutrients to other areas of the cell. What is it?
Answer:
The endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
This is because the endoplasmic reticulum is a system of tubes surrounding the nucleus, which allows it to diffuse nutrients within the cytoplasm
The images show two different types of Galapagos tortoises that scientists believe descended from the same species. The first type (left) are found on islands that have high vegetation and few grasses. The second type (right) are found on an island that has large amounts of grasses and low-lying shrubs. What explains the type of turtle found on the islands with high vegetation?
The explanation for the kind of turtle found on the Galapagos islands with high vegetation: (C) Turtles possessing genes responsible for long necks had greater chances of survival and were able to attain their reproductive age.
Galapagos islands exhibit two distinct kinds of tortoises which vary in shape. The different shapes can be attributed to the distinct feeding habits that the tortoises have adapted according to the surrounding habitat.
The turtle inhabiting the islands with high vegetation possessed long necks as compared to the second type of turtle which feed largely on grasses and low-lying vegetation. Since the second type of turtle inhabited the region with low-lying vegetation, therefore, raising their heads in order to feed, was not essential to them.
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2. Sedimentary rocks can exhibit some similar
characteristics as a result of the processes
that formed them. Which pair of effects
would be most likely to allow for the
formation of similar sedimentary rocks?
A. the effects of particle size and energy
B. the effects of constant motion and weathering
C. the effects of hot surface interaction and
weathering
D. the effects of precipitation and a uniform
particle size
The correct answer is option A. the effects of particle size and energy
What is sedimentary rocks?
In contrast to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are generated deep beneath the Earth, sedimentary rocks are formed on or around the surface of the planet. Weathering, dissolution, precipitation, and lithification in the earth's crust are the primary causes of the creation of sedimentary rocks.
Sedimentary rocks are constructed from pre-existing rocks or remains of extinct creatures. They emerge from deposits that amass on the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks can have recognizable stratification or bedding. Many of the picturesque vistas of the desert southwest contain mesas and arches made of layered sedimentary rock.
By weathering preexisting rocks, transporting the weathering byproducts, and depositing them, sedimentary rocks are created. When rocks at the Earth's surface are exposed to the atmosphere (mostly in the form of rainfall) and the hydrosphere, numerous processes of physical disintegration and chemical degradation take place. These activities result in the formation of soil, unconsolidated rock debris, and substances dissolved in runoff and groundwater. The process of erosion involves moving weathering products from the weathering site, either as solid material or as dissolved components, to finally be deposited as sediment. Sediment is any unconsolidated accumulation of solid, weathered material.
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a bacterial cell has a nonsense mutation in the gene that codes for hexokinase, an enzyme used during glycolysis. this mutation is most likely to affect the expression of this gene by
A nonsense mutation in the gene that codes for hexokinase will most likely to affect the expression of this gene by causing early termination during the elongation cycle of translation.
In the field of science, a nonsense mutation can be described as a kind of mutation that causes a stop codon to occur at a place where there still needs to be another amino acid.
As a result of nonsense mutation, the proteins that will be formed will be shorter and dependent on where the stop codon is added in the sequence.
Hence, if a nonsense mutation occurs in the hexokinase enzyme then this means that the translation process will terminate early. The hexokinase formed will be shorter and unfinished.
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Remembering that proteins are made in cells that are 70% water- and water is polar-
describe how you might imagine that a protein spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D
shape.
Answer:
Hydrophobic packing. Read explanation below.
Explanation:
There are 4 tiers of protein struture. Primary structure is the links of amino acids attached by peptide bonds. The N terminus of one bonds to the C terminus of another.
Secondary structure is the first stage of folding. The amino acid chain can hydrogen bond with itself and can form structures such as Alpha helix and Beta sheet.
Tertiary structure is the interaction between R groups. R is a variable used to denote the presence of some type of compound attached to the basic amino acid structure that makes it chemically unique from the other ones.
Quaterary structure is also between the interaction of R groups, however it is between multiple proteins.
Types of folding that occur in Tertirary and Quaternary structure are the formation of disulfide bonds in an oxidizing enviornment, singularly in the presence of cysteines in a polypeptide. There is also hydrophobic packing, which is when a protein is in an aqueous solution the hydrophobic parts will fold inwards so it is not exposed to the water, and the hydrophillic polar regions will gravitate to the outside.
protein folding spontaneously folds up into a complex 3D shape by Hydrophobic packing.
What is protein folding ?
There are four types of protein structure where the Primary structure of protein is the links of amino acids by forming peptide bonds in which the N terminus of one bonds is present at one end and C terminus at another.
Secondary structure of protein is the first stage of protein folding where the amino acid chain form peptide by forming hydrogen bond with itself and form the structures of Alpha helix and Beta sheet.
Tertiary structure of the protein refers to the interaction between R groups where R is a variable group which is used to denote the presence of compound attached to the basic amino acid
Quaternary structure of the protein is formed between the interaction of R groups between multiple proteins.
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Which cell type is only located in two layers of the epidermis, the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum?.
The cell type which is only located in the two layers of the epidermis include the stratum spinosum. Stratum spinosum include a 8-10 layers of cells.
What is Epidermis layer of skin?Epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin on body. Epidermis protects the body from harm, keeps the body hydrated, produces new skin cells and also contains melanin, which determines the color of the skin. It consists mostly of the keratinocytes, however it also consists of Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells resting on the supporting dermis which contains the nerve and vascular networks, which nourish the epidermis layer of the skin.
Stratum spinosum is made up of 8-10 cell layers, which contains irregular, polyhedral cells through the cytoplasmic processes, sometimes called as spines, which extend outward and contact the neighboring cells by desmosomes. Dendritic cells can be found in this layer of cells.
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Can the following chemical equation occur on its own?
CH4 + O2 --> FeO2 + CO2 + H2O
Answer:
No
Explanation:
This is the word equation
Methane + oxygen - - - > iron oxide + carbon dioxide + water
The equation is missing some elements as the left side has no iron but right side has an iron oxide.
Therefore this equation can not happen on its own because its not balanced
Dwarfism in pea plants is caused by a single gene. Tall is a dominant trait and dwarf is a recessive trait. If two dwarf pea plants were crossed, their offspring will be?.
Tall is a dominant trait and dwarf is a recessive trait. If two dwarf pea plants were crossed, their offspring will be dwarf because there in no dominant gene to mask the dwarfism since both parents are homozygous recessive.
Short stature caused by a genetic or medical disease is known as dwarfism. A height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm) or less in adulthood is considered dwarfism. Individuals with dwarfism are typically 4 feet tall as adults (122 cm). Dwarfism is brought on by a variety of medical disorders. The term "homozygous recessive" refers to an organism that possesses two identical copies of the recessive gene. Learn more about the meaning of homozygous recessive and examples of genetic illnesses caused by this gene.
Recessive alleles, also known as homozygous alleles, only manifest their effects in individuals who have two copies of the allele.
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Why is there a need to produce okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, but not on the leading strand of dna?.
There is a need to produce Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, but not on the leading strand of DNA due to the polarity of the strands.
Since new strand synthesis occurs in the 3' to 5' direction,
Okazaki fragments must be produced in the lagging strand during DNA replication. However, only the 5' to 3' orientation can be used by the DNA polymerase to create the strand.
Due to this antagonism, DNA polymerase constantly comes into contact with the strand that was previously created. The synthesis of the new strand occurs in a 5' to 3' direction since the two strands of DNA tend to be anti-parallel, therefore this opposition does not occur in the case of the leading strand.
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