Why do economists believe that market‑based strategies are more likely to achieve efficient pollution abatement than regulatory agencies?.

Answers

Answer 1

Firms will look for low-cost solutions to maximize profits, and acting on price signals will more likely result in an efficient result.

According to economists, when developing environmental rules, officials should consider market principles. Instruments based on the market incentivize behavior through market signals rather than through direct orders to reduce pollution.

The General Assembly issued an immediate call. UN: To suggest long-term environmental solutions for attaining sustainable development. Based on their potential to cause global warming, greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide are priced in terms of their carbon dioxide equivalents.

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Related Questions

with one input fixed, a firm will find that as it attempts to produce more, the total product curve will increase at a decreasing rate and its marginal product curve will be:

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A company will discover that, given a fixed input, when it makes an effort to create more, its marginal product curve will be downward-sloping and the total product curve will increase at a decreasing pace.

Explain about the Downward sloping?

Demand curves have a downward slope because consumers' desires to buy a product are supported by their ability to pay for it and their willingness to do so. According to the law of demand, there is an inversely proportionate relationship between a commodity's price and its demand.

The price that the monopolist may obtain for each new unit of output must decrease as the monopolist raises its output because the monopolist faces the downward-sloping market demand curve.

Negative slopes apply to downward-sloping straight lines as well as downward-sloping curves. Although all of the slopes along these two curves will be negative, we are aware that the slope varies from point to point on a curve.

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The multiplier is 5​ and, as a result of a change in​ expenditure, equilibrium expenditure and real gdp change by​ $200 billion. What was the initial change in autonomous​ expenditure?.

Answers

The initial change in autonomous​ expenditure is $40 billion

Calculation

Multiplier (k) = 5

Change in real GDP (Δy) = $ 200 billion

So, k = Δy/ΔA

k = $200/ ΔA

ΔA = 200/k = 200/5 = 40

Hence, ΔA = $40 billion

What is expenditure?An expenditure is a payment made in cash or on a credit card to buy goods or services. Unlike an expense, which is documented in a period after it has been used up or expired, it is recorded at a single point in time (the time of purchase). The various sorts of expenses utilized in accounting and finance will be covered in this handbook.An accountant must provide proof that a transaction took place in order to report the occurrence of an expense. A sales receipt, for instance, will serve as evidence of an over-the-counter transaction, whereas an invoice will serve as a demand for payment for products and services. Organizations can maintain strict control over their transactions thanks to documentation. The objective is often to forecast earnings and losses while still monitoring revenues.

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oscar works at jamba juice and gets paid california state minimum wage of $15.00 per hour. however, in the 1970s, the minimum wage was $1.60 per hour. is jerry better or worse off today compared to the california state minimum wage of $14.00 per hour?

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The answer to the question: is jerry better or worse of with the minimum wage rate of $14.00 per hour could be find out by finding the "real minimum wage" which is obtained by dividing the nominal minimum wage rate with the average price level.

In the given scenario, regarding the worse and better off keeping the minimum wage rate of the state of California in context, jerry is worse off as the calculated minimum real wage is around $9.00, which is far lesser than the original minimum wage rate.

Jerry would be only better off in the scenario, if the real minimum wage rate was $15 or above than that, as he will not work below his reservation wage.

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zeb ellis saves $500 in the back of every quarter in an ordinary annuity earning 5.8% interest compounded quarterly. how much will he have saved in 10 years?

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Based on amount that Zeb Ellis saved every quarter and the interest rate compounding, the amount that Zed Ellis would have saved in 10 years can be found to be $26,848.81

How to find the amount saved?

The amount that Zed Ellis puts away which is $500 every month, this is an annuity because this is a specific amount.

The amount that Zeb Ellis would have saved in 10 years is therefore the future value of the annuity which can be found by the formula:

= Annuity x ( (1 + periodic rate) ^ number of periods - 1) / periodic rate

The periodic rate is:

= 5.8% / 4 quarters

= 1.45%

Number of periods:

= 10 years x 4 quarters per year

= 40 periods

The amount that Zeb Ellis would have saved is:

= 500 x ( ( 1 + 1.45%) ⁴⁰ - 1 ) / 1.45%

= $26,848.81

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on january 1, 2024, the holloran corporation purchased a machine at a cost of $55,000. the machine was expected to have a service life of 10 years and a $5,000 residual value. the straight-line depreciation method was used. in 2026, the company switched to the double-declining-balance depreciation method. depreciation for 2026 should be:

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Annual straight-line depreciation                    5000  =(55000-5000)/10

Accumulated Depreciation for 2 years   10000  =5000*2

Book value, January 1, 2026                   45000  =55000-10000

Double-declining-balance depreciation date 25%  =1/8*2

Depreciation for 2026                                      11250     45000*25%

Depreciation for 2026 is $ 11250

The reason for depreciation is to fit the value of a productive asset, that has a beneficial life of extra than a yr, to the revenues earned with the aid of the usage of the asset. The asset's value is normally spread through the years in which the asset is used.

Depreciation price is recorded on the profits announcement as a rate and represents how much of an asset's fee has been used up for that yr. As a result, it's miles neither an asset nor a liability.

No, we can not have a capital loss on depreciable belongings. A “Capital loss” happens when a non-depreciable asset (including land) is offered for much less than its original price. However you cannot have a Capital Loss on “depreciable property”, i.E. Objects whose cost declines over time which include motors, homes, homes, and many others.

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apple has often been under scrutiny for product performance. in many instances the product which consumers purchased has a much shorter life than what consumers anticipated. an example of this would be a cell phone only lasting two years when you anticipate the life to be closer to five. this is known as:

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Apple has often been under scrutiny for product performance. in many instances the product which consumers purchased has a much shorter life than what consumers anticipated. An example of this would be a cell phone only lasting two years when you anticipate the life to be closer to five. This is known as: Batterygate

What is batterygate?

Intentional CPU slowdowns on Apple's iPhones are known as "Batterygate" because they prevent devices with deteriorated batteries from shutting down under heavy load.

It was discovered that some iPhone models were sold with faulty batteries, which caused unintended crashes while being utilized. Apple surreptitiously implemented a software upgrade in place of correcting the problem, but it quickly backfired, leading to a chain of events known as "batterygate."

An algorithm has been developed to lower performance to safeguard the electronic components within, according to a new TechCrunch statement. Old batteries, low charges, and cold conditions can cause your phone to shut down (opens in new tab).

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country x and country y are trading partners, and both produce furnaces and solar panels. the countries can produce the following amounts using equal amounts of resources. country x: 6 furnaces or 8 solar panels country y: 6 furnaces or 12 solar panels which country has an absolute advantage in producing solar panels? calculate the opportunity cost of a furnace in country y. which country has the comparative advantage in producing furnaces? explain. if the terms of trade were that 2 furnaces are exchanged for 1 solar panel, should country x produce solar panels domestically or import solar panels from country y?

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Country Y has an absolute advantage in producing solar panels; the opportunity cost of furnaces for Country Y: is 2 solar panels/ 1 furnace; country X has a comparative advantage in producing furnaces; country X should produce solar panels domestically.

How do solar panels work?

Solar energy is generated by the sun. Solar panels also referred to as "PV panels," are devices that use the sun's light, which is made up of tiny energy particles known as "photons," to create electricity that can be used to run electrical appliances.

In addition to producing electricity for residential and commercial solar electric systems, solar panels can also be used for a wide range of other purposes, such as remote power systems for cabins, telecommunications equipment, remote sensing, and many others.

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7. juan foods makes a cash sale with a positive gross margin. which one of the following statements describes the effect of the sale on juan foods? current ratio increases current ratio decreases no change to juan foods' current ratio insufficient information to judge effect on current ratio

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'Current ratio increases' describes the effect of the sale on juan foods.

An increase in current ratio can suggest a business enterprise is 'developing into' its potential. it's critical to keep in mind, but, that principal purchases that prepare for upcoming boom – or the sale of useless belongings – can abruptly and incredibly artificially change a agency's modern-day ratio.

The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that shows a organisation's capacity to repay short-time period loans due in the subsequent 12 months. It solutions the question: “what number of bucks in contemporary property to cover every dollar in contemporary liabilities?

If your present day ratio is excessive, it manner you've got sufficient coins. The higher the ratio is, the extra successful you're of paying off your debts. if your present day ratio is low, it way you will have a difficult time paying your immediate money owed and liabilities.

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a salon that is not a price taker can move the price for the services it provides. when setting the price for its services, can ignore profit-maximizing strategies. lower servicing costs more than its competitors. reduce its advertising budget more than its competitors.

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The correct option is reduce its advertising budget more than its competitors.

Advertising is a promotional interest which objectives to sell a products or services to a audience. it is one of the oldest varieties of advertising and marketing which attempts to steer the actions of its target audience to either buy, sell, or do something precise.

Advertising is a advertising communique that employs an openly subsidized, non-non-public message to sell or sell a product, service or idea. Sponsors of advertising and marketing are usually organizations wishing to promote their services or products.

Advertising and marketing is a advertising and marketing tactic regarding purchasing area to promote a product, service, or reason. The actual promotional messages are referred to as advertisements, or ads for brief. The aim of advertising and marketing is to reach human beings most in all likelihood to be inclined to pay for a business enterprise's products or services and entice them to shop for.

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what is a bond's accrued interest?multiple choice question.it is additional interest that the firm must pay if interest checks are mailed late.it is the difference between the coupon rate and market rate of interest.it is interest that has been received but not yet earned.it is interest that has been earned but not yet received by the current bondholder.

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Interest on a bond that has accrued but has not yet been paid to the current bondholder.

The interest that accumulates (accrues) every day between coupon payments is known as accrued interest. You will probably buy a bond between coupon payment dates if you sell it before it expires or purchases it on the secondary market.

It is determined by multiplying the principle amount by the interest rate, the number of days the debt is given or taken, and the number of days in a year. After that, the result is divided by 365.

The buyer of a bond pays the seller the accumulated interest; the issuer is not involved in the transaction. Bonds will always cost more than the listed price since the cumulative interest payment is added to the market price.

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how much did rodriguez company have in expenses for the year? assets, january 1 $ liabilities, january 1 assets, december 31 liabilities, december 31 issuance of stock revenues expenses dividends

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Costs incurred in the regular course of business are referred to as business expenses. They can be used by both big and small businesses. The income statement includes expenses related to the business. A company's taxable net income is calculated by deducting business expenses from revenue on the income statement.

What is the price of the resources used or the services used?The price of the goods or services used to generate income are known as expenses. Salaries, rent, utilities, taxes, and other costs are examples of common expenses. SO 6 Describe the accounting equation and its elements.All balance sheet assets that can be converted into cash in a year or less are added together to create the formula for current assets. Cash and its equivalents are the main current assets.How are expenses determined? Costs overall =  Net Revenue - Net Income.How to Locate the Balance Sheet's Total ExpensesOn the bottom side of the balance sheet, look for the "Liabilities" area.To locate the company's current expenses, look at the first line under "Accounts payable and accumulated expenses."

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project managers need to meet each project's requirements and achieve the desired outcome. to do this, should project managers use the same tools, techniques, and methodologies every day on their projects?

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It is advisable for the project managers to bring variations in the tools, techniques, and the methodologies used by them everyday on their projects with every change in the requirements of the project for obtaining the desired outcome.

What is the significance of a project manager?

A project manager can be referred to or considered as a person who is responsible for the purpose of managing the duties and functions that revolve around the working and completion of a project of an organization.

A project manager has to keep in mind, the changing requirements of each project, and how the desired outcomes can be achieved for these projects with a change in the tools and methodologies being followed.

Therefore, the significance regarding the project manager has been aforementioned.

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consider palletizer at a bottling plant that has a first cost of $171,279, has operating and maintenance costs of $15,203 per year, and an estimated net salvage value of $54,294 at the end of 30 years. assume an interest rate of 8%. what is the future worth of this project?

Answers

The future worth of the project is $2,349,471.

What is future value?
The worth of a current asset at some point in the future based on an estimated rate of growth is known as future value (FV). For investors and financial planners, the future value is crucial because they use it to predict how much an investment made now will be worth in the future.


The future worth is the present value of all the cash flows from the project, discounted at the interest rate. In this case, the present value of the cash flows is:

$171,279 + $15,203(PVIF 8%,30) + $54,294(PVIF 8%,30)
= $171,279 + $15,203(0.465) + $54,294(0.27)
= $171,279 + $7,046 + $14,708
= $192,033

The future worth of the project is then the present value of these cash flows, discounted at the interest rate.
$192,033(PVIFA 8%,30)
= $192,033(12.247)
= $2,349,471

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mary ann is a project manager who is managing the construction of a new house. what is the earliest phase of the project in which mary ann would assign jobs to the construction contractors?

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The earliest phase of the project in which Mary Ann would assign jobs to the construction contractors is Project Execution.

What is Project Execution?

The phase most often connected to project management is this one. Building deliverables that satisfy the consumer is the focus of execution. This is accomplished by team leaders by allocating resources and maintaining team members' attention on their assigned responsibilities.

The main goal of project execution is to create and produce the project's anticipated deliverables, which must be delivered on schedule, on budget, and must adhere to the project's agreed-upon scope and client quality standards.

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Bob decides to quit his job as a teacher in which he makes $50.000 to open a restaurant. The explicit cost of running his restaurant is $500.000 while the revenue go his business is 525,000. What is his accounting profit or loss? What is his economic profit or loss? What is the implicit cost in this example?

Answers

The accounting profit is $25,000.

The economic loss is $-25,000.

The implicit cost is the income Bob earned as a teacher.

What is the implicit cost, economic loss and accounting profit?

Accounting profit is the difference between the explicit cost and the revenue of running a business. Explicit costs are the costs that are actually incurred in the course of a running a business. Examples of explicit costs are rent, wages.

Accounting profit = revenue - explicit cost

$525,000 - $500,000 = $25,000

Economic profit is the difference between accounting profit and implicit cost. Implicit cost is the opportunity that is forgone when one option is chosen over other alternatives. The implicit cost in this question is the income of Bob as a teacher.

Economic profit = accounting profit - implicit cost

$25,000 - $50,000 = $-25,000

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a treasury bond with a 10 1/4% coupon due on july 1, has interest payment dates of jan. 1 and july 1. it is traded for settlement on feb. 24. what is the number of days of accrued interest?

Answers

The number of days of accrued interest is 54 days.

This is because accrued interest on government bonds is computed actual days, actual year, 31 days for January plus 23 days for February.

What is accrued interest ?

Accrued interest is the amount of interest that has been owed on a loan or other financial obligation as of a given date but has not yet been paid. For the lender or the borrower, accumulated interest may take the form of accrued interest revenue or accrued interest expense.

The primary formula for calculating the interest accrued in a given period is:                    IA= T x P x R

where, IA = accrued interest, T = fraction of the year, P = principal, and

R= the annualized interest rate.

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three years ago, you invested in the future investco mutual fund by purchasing 1,000 shares of the fund at a net asset value of $14.00 per share. the fund has a 3% load that you elect to pay in addition to your initial investment to ensure that the full nav is invested. because you did not need the income, you elected to reinvest all dividends and capital gains distributions. today, you sell your 1,100 shares in this fund for $16.56 per share. what is the compounded rate of return on this investment over the 3-year period? select one: a. 8.10% b. 8.05% c. 7.60% d. 3.97% e. 26.32%

Answers

Over a three-year period, the compounded rate of return on this investment is 8.10%

What is rate of return?
A rate of return (RoR) is indeed the net profit or loss of an asset over a given time period represented as a percentage of the initial cost of the investment.

When you calculate the rate of return, you are computing the percent change from the beginning to the conclusion of the period. Any investment product, from real estate to securities, equities, and fine art, can be assigned a rate of return (RoR). The RoR can be applied to any asset as long as it is purchased at one point in time and generates cash flow at a certain point in the future. Investments are evaluated in part based on historical rates of return, that can be compared to assets of the same type to decide which assets are the most appealing.

Compounded rate of return = ((1,100 * $16.56) / ((1,000 * $14) *(1+3%)))^(1/3) -1

= ($18,216 / $14,420)^(1/3) - 1
= 1.0810 - 1
= 8.10%
Compounded rate of return = 8.10%

Therefore, the correct option is A
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when the government's budget deficit increases the government is borrowinga. more and public savings increases.b. more and public savings falls.c. less and public savings increases.d. less and public savings fal

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When a government's expenditures on goods, services, or transfer payments exceed their tax revenue, the government has run a budget deficit. Governments borrow money to pay for budget deficits.

What is budget deficit ?

An overrun in spending over income results in a budget deficit, which can be a sign of a nation's financial stability. The phrase is frequently used to describe government spending rather than that of companies or people.

An annual financial statement of the government's proposed revenues and expenditures is known as a budget. The overall gap between government revenues and expenditures is known as the government budget balance, also known as the general government balance, public budget balance, or public fiscal balance.

A government budget deficit is denoted by a negative balance, and a surplus is denoted by a positive balance. For each level of government, a budget is created that accounts for public social security commitments.

The primary balance and interest payments on the total amount of accumulated government debt make up the government budget balance; the two together determine the budget balance.

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the total of all planned real expenditures in the economy is part 2 a. aggregate consumption. b. aggregate spending. c. aggregate gdp. d. aggregate demand.

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The  total of all planned real expenditures is: d.  aggregate demand.

What is  aggregate demand?

Aggregate demand can be use as a form of measurement to determine the value of total goods produce at a particular or specific period of time.

One of the advantage of aggregate demand  is that it help us to know the  total quantity or amount  of all  product or goods that was demanded in an economy.

Therefore we can conclude that the correct option is D.

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question mode multiple select question select all that apply what method(s) can be used to estimate progress toward completion for the purpose of recognizing revenue over time? (select all that apply.)

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Input method, output method can be used to estimate progress toward completion for the purpose of recognizing revenue over time.

What do you mean by revenue?

In accounting, revenue is the entire amount of income created by the sale of goods and services related to the principal operations of the business. Commercial revenue can also be referred to as sales or turnover. Some businesses get money from interest, royalties, or other payments. "Revenue" can refer to income in general or to the amount earned in a monetary unit during a period of time, as in "Last year, Company X had revenue of $42 million." Profits or net income are commonly defined as total revenue less total expenses in a particular period.

Output and input methods are methods of monitoring progress toward complete completion of a performance requirement. An output method considers the current fair market value of products and services transferred to the client.

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in a business environment, persuasion is critical to success. persuasion is necessary when you anticipate resistance or when you are making more than routine demands. which of the following are elements of effective persuasion? check all that apply. involves coercion or trickery proves the merits of your proposal deceives and fabricated evidence explains logically and concisely the purpose of the request establishes credibility

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Persuasion is essential for success in a commercial setting. When you are making more than commonplace demands, persuasion is required. Effective credibility includes establishing trustworthiness.

Being credible is the same as being trustworthy. When someone speaks in front of an audience, they want to be believed. They want to know who the Persuasion speaker is and why they are competent to give the speech. These questions should be addressed in the speaker's opening statement of credibility. Why should the audience pay attention to the speaker is Persuasion explained in the credibility statement.

Its goal is to establish/demonstrate the speaker's credentials and validity in relation to the subject. A credibility statement can also be called a credibility position. The opening of the speech should be attention-grabbing, followed immediately by the assertion of credibility.

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A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under blank______, while a manager that views most employees as lazy, is operating under blank______.

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A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under Theory Y, while a manager that views most employees as lazy, is operating under Theory X.

What is the meaning of Theory Y And theory X ?

Both Theory Y And theory X can be described as the motivation theory that is been used in the organization to describe the way the employee do carry out their work in the organization, it should be noted that this theory serves as the theory that can be found under the motivation theory of management.

In conclusion, the theory Y can be described as the motivation theory that states that the employee will be self motivated which implies that as the employee is doing the work, the employee is enjoy the work as a result of this there is usually a high efficiency as well as high productivity in the work compare to theory X.

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in the context of performance appraisals, in which of the following appraisal methods are managers most likely to make leniency and strictness errors? a. the forced distribution method b. the ranking method c. the comparative evaluation method

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In the context of performance appraisals, The appraisal methods are managers most likely to make leniency and strictness errors the graphic rating scale method.

A graphical rating scale (sometimes called a Likert scale) is a performance appraisal method that lists desirable traits and behaviors for each role and rates each employee on a numbered scale.

The graphic  Rating Scale is a performance evaluation method that evaluates employees on key criteria related to performance and productivity.

Graphic rating scales as a technique are very effective in representing employee behavior in a quantifiable and comparable format. These ratings are compared among employees and stakeholders and can be used to benchmark and improve overall performance.

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which principle states that the property with the lowest price attracts the greatest demand and widest distribution when several competing propeties are available

Answers

Additionally, the principle acknowledges that the substitute property with the lowest price will have the greatest market demand and distribution. All approaches to value are fundamentally based on the substitution principle.

This is the idea behind substitution. The issue of whether a property should conform to the neighborhood for the best value is known as conformity. That is to say, don't build too much for one area.

What is the meaning of the substitution principle?

The principle of substitution states that a buyer will not pay more for a property than the price of an alternative property that is just as desirable.

In real estate, what exactly is the contribution principle?

According to the contribution principle, the value of a piece of property is determined by how much it contributes to the value of the entire property. The value of a component does not always correspond to the cost of an improvement.

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as a project manager, you learn that a teammate will be out sick for at least a week. they will be unable to complete their tasks, potentially causing the project to go past its deadline. which work reallocation strategy can keep the project on schedule?

Answers

Review the out-sick teammate's tasks to determine which tasks have "float" and figure out where the order of tasks can be changed or resources can be juggled.

A task's original allocation approach is used when it is reallocated. This has the effect of reassigning the task to the item (user group or work queue) to which the system initially allocated it. It should be noted that this is a distinct operation from cancelling a task reservation. A task is allocated to the most recent group it was assigned to before it was reserved while it is unreserved. If no modifications to the task allocation strategy or groups have been made after the task was originally given, reallocating a task utilizes the initial task allocation approach, which typically assigns the task to the first group it was assigned to.

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ibis world predicts that the number of employees in the marketing research industry will expand at an average annual rate of 7% through 2022, with wages predicted to increase at an average annual rate of 11%. answer: false true false

Answers

IBIS World is the world's largest publisher of industry data, offering a reliable database of useful information on 700 industries.

How big is the industry of market research?

In 2022, the Market Research industry's revenue is estimated to be $28.5 billion.What will be the market research industry's annual growth rate in the United States in 2022?In 2022, it is anticipated that the Market Research industry's market size will grow by 2.4%.

What is the purpose of IBISWorld?

Established in 1971, IBISWorld gives believed industry research on a great many businesses around the world.For the purpose of assisting businesses of all sizes in making better business decisions, our in-house analysts make use of market, demographic, and economic data before incorporating analytical and forward-looking insight.

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18. a project with financing type cash flows is characterized by a project that has which one of the following characteristics? a. conventional cash flows b. cash flows that extend beyond the acceptable payback period c. one year or more in the middle of a project where the cash flows are equal to zero d. a cash inflow at time 0 e. cash inflows that are equal in amount

Answers

A project with financing-type cash flows is characterized by a project that has:

d.  A cash inflow at time 0

A project's assets, rights, and interests are held legally as collateral security in a finance arrangement called project financing, which depends on future cash flow from a particular development as the main source of repayment.

What are Cash inflows?The term "cash flow" is typically used to describe payments that are expected to happen in the future, are therefore uncertain, and need to be forecast with cash flows. A cash flow is determined by its time t, nominal amount N, currency CCY, and account A; symbolically, CF = CF. A cash flow is a real or virtual movement of money. A cash flow in its narrow sense is a payment, especially from one central bank account to another. However, it is common to use the term "cash flow" in a broader meaning to describe payments made into or out of a company, project, or financial asset.

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heidi owns 840 shares of boyd enterprises, which is priced at $66.56 per share. the company plans a 5-for-3 stock split. how many shares will heidi own and what will the share price be after the stock split?

Answers

1,400; $39.94  will the share price be after the stock split. Hence, option B is correct.

What is meant by share price?

The share price is the market price of a company's stock. A publicly listed company's market capitalization is the total value of all of its outstanding shares of stock.

Once a firm goes public and its shares start trading on a stock exchange, the price of its shares is determined by market supply and demand. If there is high demand for its shares, the price will increase. If the company's future expansion prospects appear hazy, stock sellers may lower the price of the shares.

Thus, option B is correct.

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The options are missing-

a) 504; $39.94

b) 1,400; $39.94

c) 1,400; $110.93

d) 1,400; $66.56

e) 504; $110.93

business historians typically divide the history of american business into five distinct eras. during this specific era, power shifted to the consumer, more focus was put on the consumer, and many products and services began to flood the market. which era fits this description?

Answers

Business historians typically categorize American business history into five major eras. This particular period saw a shift in power toward the consumer, increased customer attention, and a proliferation of goods and services that flooded the market. The marketing era fits this description.

The marketing idea became the dominant business trend in the years immediately after the Second World War.

According to Keith, there have been four different periods in American history where marketing has developed into the significance it holds now within businesses. The production period, the sales era, the marketing era, and the marketing company era are some of these eras.

Industries first understood that concentrating solely on their own demands can leave customers unsatisfied in the 1940s. At this point, organizations' marketing strategies entail determining what their target market wants and then skillfully tailoring initiatives to meet those demands.

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what does the residual dividend model mean for investors? they should expect a level of uncertainty regarding their dividends. they should expect dividend distributions that are equal to net income. they should expect to always receive very small dividends. they should expect to consistently receive the same dividend.

Answers

A method for calculating a company's annual dividend to shareholders is the residual dividend model. The corporation selects the new initiatives it wants to support, allots funding to those initiatives, and then pays out any earnings as dividends to its investors.

What is residual dividend model?
The amount of dividends paid to shareholders under a residual dividend model is equal to the profits remaining after the company has paid for its capital expenditures and working capital expenses. Companies that follow a residual dividend model use available earnings to pay dividends to shareholders before funding capital expenditures. As a result, each year's dividend payments to investors will differ in size. Companies with residual dividend model prioritise paying capital expenditures out of earnings. Any unused earnings are then used to pay dividends.

Long-term debt and equity are typically both parts of a company's capital structure.

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