The statistical test that is common for genetics and tests observed data against the probability of those values is the chi-square test.
A statistical technique called the chi-square test is used to compare actual outcomes with predictions. The goal of this test is to establish whether a discrepancy between observed and expected data is the result of chance or a correlation between the variables you are researching.
What is studied in genetics?
The study of genes and heredity, or how particular characteristics or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence, is known as genetics. A gene is a section of DNA that has the instructions needed to create one or more molecules that support bodily function.
Therefore, the chi-square test is a statistical test that is common for genetics and tests observed data against the probability of those values.
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Why do fungi not produce egg or sperm cells?
There are no other organisms that can help fungi pollinate.
Fungi do not produce flowers or cones to make egg or sperm cells.
Fungi reproduce using spores as their reproductive cells.
Fungi are not large enough to create egg or sperm cells.
Fungi not produce egg or sperm cells because Fungi do not produce flowers or cones to make egg or sperm cells, and Fungi reproduce using spores as their reproductive cells.
Fungi- Along with plants, animals, protozoa, & monera, fungi are members of the kingdom Fungi, which is composed of eukaryotic organisms. The variety of fungi is astounding, and some of the most typical types include yeast, molds, truffles, & mushrooms.
Spores- Certain fungus, plants (moss, ferns), & bacteria create spores, which are cells. Reproduction involves spores. As a form of defense, certain bacteria produce spores. Spore walls are very thick. They can withstand extreme climatic conditions including extreme temps, humidity, and others.
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The disappearance of the Mayan civilization from the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico is a mystery that archacologists have been trying to solve. Scientists have collected data from theformations in caves, sediment, and tree rings. Analysis of the data resulted in the following graphs.Which explanation is supported by the data as to the disappearance of the Mayan people?A.The increase in sulfur in the sediment caused acid rain. Acid rain killed all of the crops. Without an ample source of food, the Mayan population decreased as a result of starvation.B. Pure oxygen is deadly to living organisms. The rise in oxygen levels caused the surrounding organisms to die. This left any surviving Mayan people without a source of food.C.The Mesoamerican peoples of the Postclassic era fought with and defeated the Mayans. The Mayan population was greatly reduced. Any remaining Mayans assimilated with thevictorious peoples.D. A change in the regional climate resulting in a period of drought, as indicated by the increase in oxygen and sulfur in the tested samples, caused the failure of the Mayan civilization.
The correct option is D. A change in the regional climate resulting in a period of drought, as indicated by the increase in oxygen and sulfur in the tested samples, caused the failure of the Mayan civilization. Both variables, oxygen and sulfur, increased prior to Mayan collapse. Their increase could underlie climatic changes that led to Mayan people disappearance.
what is the term used to describe the process of producing gametes
Answer:
Gametes are formed through meiosis (reduction division), in which a germ cell undergoes two fissions, resulting in the production of four gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes fuse, producing a diploid (i.e., containing paired chromosomes) zygote.
Standard NCES.7.L.2.2- In spiders, having a hairy body is dominant to a bald body. A homozygous hairy spider is crossed with a bald spider. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring?
Group of answer choices
100% hairy; 0% bald
50% hairy; 50% bald
25% hairy; 75% bald
75% hairy; 25% bald
The hairy genotype is dominant over the carreel, if the spider is homozygous, the possible offspring phenotypes are
100% furry; 0% bald
What is a dominant homozygote?The concept of homozygous represents from genes formed from zygotes, therefore, called "pure". The dominant games, in organisms, are the same, they can be homozygous, they are genes, by Letters: Homos and V, in homozygotes, by letters (BB and V, in homozygotes).
What is the recessive gene?Recessive genes are those that are hidden when paired with dominant genes. For a recessive inherited trait to be apparent in the phenotype, there must be a pair of recessive genes.
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The infraspinatus muscle is included in the __________ muscles.
The infraspinatus muscle is included in the rotator cuff muscles.
Infraspinatus muscle are found on the dorsal surface of the scapula, deep to trapezius, and parts of the deltoid. The infraspinatus is a portion of the rotator cuff muscles composed of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. These muscles act to stabilize the glenohumeral joint.
The supraspinatus muscle abducts the upper arm. The infraspinatus muscle externally rotates the upper arm at the shoulder. The supraspinatus muscle originates from the supraspinous fossa, which is a concave surface at the top of the scapula. The supraspinatus muscle tendon passes laterally beneath the cover of the acromion.
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Which of the following does not have high potential energy? atpnitrogenglucoseconcentration gradientelectrical/ion gradient
The potential energy is the energy that depends upon relative position or various part of a system and the potential charge that a molecule have. The molecules of ATP, nitrogen, and glucose have high potential energy, as well as the ion gradient in a cell membrane, however the concentration gradient does not require neregy input, since the energy stored in it is the one used to balance the concentrations.
If your digestive system is damaged or fails, how are other body systems or the body as a whole affected?
Body systems must work together. If one system will be damaged or fails, the other systems will be affected. If the digestive system will be fail, digestion will fails. Water will not be absorb that will lead to the circulatory system to have difficulty in the consistency of blood. If there is a presence of digestive disease, there will be an interference in the digestion as well. Other organ functions will be affected, too. Several effects will be seen such as dehydration, poor absorption of nutrients, blocked blood flow, etc. If the digestive shuts down due to damage of muscles or nerves, it may cause nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite and malnutrition. The nervous and circulatory systems work with the digestive system and these systems are greatly affected if it will not work properly.
The respiratory system is affected if the digestive system fails. These two systems work together to provide power to the entire body system. If digestion fail due to overeating, it can cause abdominal bloating. Bloating can lead to shortness of breath.
In watermelons, the genes for green color and for short shape are dominant over their alleles for striped fruit and long shape. Suppose a plant that has genes for long striped fruit is crossed with a plant heterozygous for both these traits. What would be the phenotypic ratio of offspring from this cross?
Based on the genotype of the parents, the phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
What is the genotype of the parents of the cross?The genotype refers to the sum total of the genes present in an organism.
The genotype may also refer to the sum total of the genes that an organism has for a particular trait.
The genotype of the parents of the cross of the watermelons is determined as follows:
Let the allele for green be G, and the allele for stripped will be g.
Let the allele for short shape be S, and the allele for long shape will be s
Therefore, the genotype of a plant that has genes for long-striped fruit is ggss, and the genotype of a plant heterozygous for both these traits will be GgSs
The cross will be as follows: ggss x GgSs
The offspring of the cross will be: GgSs, GgSs,GgSs, GgSs, Ggss, Ggss, Ggss, Ggss, ggSs, ggSs, ggSs, ggSs, ggss, ggss, ggss, ggss.
GgSs = green and short
Ggss = green and long
ggSs = striped and short
ggss = striped and long
The phenotypic ratio is 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
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What is the defining characteristics of monotreme mammals?A. They carry highly immature young in a pouchB. They develop a placenta during pregnancyC. They lay eggsD. They lactate (produce milk)
The best option would be C. They lay eggs
suppose that you found out that a mating between a black animal and a brown animal produced all black offspring.Propose a hypothesis to explain the color of the offspring
If a mating between a black animal and a brown animal produced all black offspring, then the most likely hypothesis is that color is controlled by complete dominance and black animal parents are homozygous for this trait.
What is complete dominance?In genetics, complete dominance refers to the phenomenon for which one allele of a gene masks another allele of the same locus in order to express a given trait.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that complete dominance is caused when an allele masks the expression of the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.
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4 things yk about matter (in science) WILL GIVE BRANILIEST!!
If all planets were the same distance from the sun, which would have the largest gravitational force between itself and the sun? Why?
Answer: Jupiter
Explanation:
Jupiter has the greatest mass when compared with the other planets in the solar system. According to the attached gravity formula and considering the only variable is the mass of the planet in this example then it has the greatest gravitational force.
Although animal nervous systems differ in complexity, their nerve cells are still remarkably similar
a. True
b. False
It is true that even though animal nervous systems vary in complexity, their nerve cells are remarkably similar.
Nerve systems exist in nearly all multicellular animals, though their complexity varies greatly. The only multicellular animals without a nervous system are a sponge and the placozoan and mesozoan organisms, both of which look like tiny blobs. With the exception of a few worm species and echinoderms, all other animals have a nervous system that includes a brain, a central cord (or two parallel cords), and nerves that radiate from the brain and central cord. The nervous system of ctenophores (comb jellies) and cnidarians (such as anemones, hydras, corals, and jellyfish) are made up of a diffuse nerve net.
The most fundamental functions of the nervous system are to direct an organism's movement and to influence its environment (such as through pheromones). To accomplish this, signals are sent from one cell to another or from one area of the body to another. The sources of the output that the nervous system produces are signals that travel to muscle cells and cause the activation of muscles, and signals that travel to endocrine cells that cause the release of hormones into the bloodstream or other internal fluids.
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How does running affect the human (Homo sapiens) heart rate? And is that affect negative, positive, or insignificant? (Answer Question Below)
What are the Confounding Variables?
Answer: During exercise/running, your heart typically beats faster so that more blood gets out to your body. Your heart can also increase its stroke volume by pumping more forcefully or increasing the amount of blood that fills the left ventricle before it pumps. Generally speaking, your heart beats both faster and stronger to increase cardiac output during exercise. It shows a positive effect. therefore, Physical activity is a confounding factor of the relation between eating frequency and body composition.
Explanation:
The density of gold is 19, 320 kg/m³ and the density of
mercury is 13, 500 kg/m³. If a cube of gold that measures
0.100 m on each side is placed in a tank of mercury and
weighed while under the surface, what is the apparent weight
of the cube?
The apparent weight of the submerged gold is 57N.
What is apparent weight?According to physics, an object's perceived weight is a characteristic that describes how heavy it is. When the force of gravity acting on an object is not counterbalanced by a force of equal but opposite normality, the apparent weight of the object will differ from the actual weight of the thing.The weight of a passenger on an elevator is one illustration. When the elevator starts to rise, the object starts to apply downward force. If a scale were used, it would be clear that the downward force is making the object heavier and changing its apparent weight.So, the weight of mercury is 13500kg/m³ × (0.1m)³ = 13.5kg = 132.3N.
The initial weight of gold is 19320kg/m³ × (0.1m)³ = 19.35kg = 189.3N.
Then, the apparent weight of submerged gold is:189.3N - 132.3N = 57NTherefore, the apparent weight of the submerged gold is 57N.
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Explain why it is that we have periods of night and periods of day?
The Earth orbits the sun once every 365 days and rotates about its axis once every 24 hours. Day and night are due to the Earth rotating on its axis, not its orbiting around the sun. The term 'one day' is determined by the time the Earth takes to rotate once on its axis and includes both day time and night time.
What type of organism could have an exoskeleton?A. WormB. InvertebrateC. HumanD. Vertebrate
As we know exoskeleton is a characteristic of arthropods and other invertebrates, all vertebrates like us humans have an endoskeleton so they could not present such characteristics, finally, worms do not possess an exoskeleton, true that they are invertebrates however their phylum implies a soft body. Therefore the correct answer is option B.
In developing countries with high population rates, at which trophic level do people generally thrive?
In developing countries with high population rates, people generally thrive at a trophic level of 2.2.
Trophic levels are the positions that feed in a food chain or web. The population size diminishes as you move up the trophic levels of an environment.
Numerous consumers consume food at various trophic levels. When people eat plants like vegetables, they are the primary consumers. When they eat cows, they are incidental consumers. When they eat fillets, they are secondary consumers.
Higher trophic levels typically have fewer creatures since there is less energy there. At higher trophic levels, organisms are often greater in size, but because there are fewer of them, there is less biomass produced. The total mass of all trophic-level creatures is known as biomass.
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1.90 Particles or energy given off in a nuclear reaction are called
Answer: The answer to this would be heat and radiation
Explanation: radiation would probably be the best answer
Which of the following decreases the life expectancy of a population?I. High infant mortalityII. Poor sanitationIII. Adequate healthcare
The correct answer is II. Poor sanitation. This increases transmission of infectious disease which harms life expectancy. In the worst cases it creates epidemics that decimate populations, like black death in the eighteen century.
Which of the following is located inside the brainstem in between your ears
A. Hypothalamus
B. Hippocampus
C. Thalamus
D. Reticular formation
Answer:
The answer is d, Reticular formation
Have a great day!
4. Identify What forces
act on the dead organisms in
sediment, transforming these
materials into oil and gas?
cocos
Natural gas may also be produced from organic material at high enough pressure. The two basic factors that convert biological matter into fossil fuels are heat and pressure.
What transforms extinct animals into crude oil and natural gas?Algae and plants inhabited shallow oceans millions of years ago. The organic material was buried when it perished and sank to the bottom, where it mingled with other materials. The remnants of these animals were converted into fossil fuels over millions of years under extreme pressure and heat.
Layers of clay and sand have been covering dead creatures that were buried in the water millions of years ago. These decomposing organisms became petroleum and natural gas as a result of the lack of air, the high temperature, and the high pressure.
Only carbon and hydrogen are necessary for the conversion of organic matter (OM) into petroleum.
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What is the number of different genetic combinations available in a given gene pool?A) Genetic combinationsB) Genetic diversityC) Genetic variationD) Genetic assortment
The correct answer is B) Genetic diversity.
Genetic diversity i
Based on what we learned so far from the article, what can you say about the peas we eat or purchase?
Based on the article, the color, length, and taste of peas that we eat or purchase is based on hormones and enzymes that affect the peas' development. If there is a presence of mutation, an enzyme will not be produce making the pea remain as green instead of yellow. Mutation is also the reason behind the taste of peas that are extra sweet because of the different enzyme produced. The length of peas is also based on an enzyme production. If such enzyme is not present, there is a mutation making the peas short.
What are four examples of nutrients cycled in biogeochemical cycles
Answer:Nutrient cycling rate depends on various biotic, physical and chemical factors. Examples of a nutrient cycle: carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, oxygen cycle, etc. Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycle
Explanation:4 Common Biogeochemical Cycles: (explained with diagram) Some of the major biogeochemical cycles are as follows: (1) Water Cycle or Hydrologic Cycle (2) Carbon-Cycle (3) Nitrogen Cycle (4) Oxygen Cycle. The producers of an ecosystem take up several basic inorganic nutrients from their non-living environment.
What enzyme unwinds or unzips the
parent strand in DNA?
Answer:
Helicase
Explanation:
To begin DNA replication, unwinding enzymes called DNA helicases cause the two parent DNA strands to unwind and separate from one another.
What is an antibiotic?A. a chemical substance produced by microorganisms that helps the growth of other microorganismsB. a chemical substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits the growth of or kills other microorganismsC. a naturally occurring substance produced by microorganisms that helps the growth of other microorganismsD. a naturally occurring substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits the growth of or kills other microorganisms
Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of other organisms, such as bacteria, but also our very own cells. These molecules are naturally produced by fungi and were discovered by Fleming in 1928. The answer option that better describes this is the last one: "D. a naturally occurring substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits the growth of or kills other microorganisms".
Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of other organisms, such as bacteria, but also our very own cells. These molecules are naturally produced by fungi and were discovered by Fleming in 1928. The answer option that better describes this is the last one: "D. a naturally occurring substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits the growth of or kills other microorganisms".
What is evolution????
Biologic evolution is a scientific theory supported by the pshysical evidence of fossils. It explains the changes of living organisms from the first cell to the generation of the many different ways of living forms that exist, including the mechanisms that could have led to them.
What scale is generally used to measure global temperatures?A. KelvinB. FahrenheitC. IsobarsD. Celsius
The correct answer is D. Celsius. Celsius scale to measure temperature is an international standard.
Two life functions performed by all living organisms are nutrition and respiration.
Identify two other life functions that are essential for the survival of all living organisms.
Explain how each of the two life functions you identified maintains homeostasis. Life function 1:
Life function 2:
Life processes are the fundamental tasks carried out by living things to maintain their own existence. Apart from nutrition and respiratIon other live functions performed by living things include; Excretion and MOVEMENT
Relationship between life functions and homeostasis
Homeostasis is a self-regulating process that controls internal factors needed to maintain life. In other terms, homeostasis is a system that maintains a constant environment inside an organism despite changes in the outside.
Excretion
All living things produce poisonous materials as a result of various metabolic processes. These wastes are eliminated from the body by excretion. Animals mostly create carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes as waste products (ammonia, urea, uric acid).
In order to maintain internal stability waste Produced by cellular metabolism are excreted
MOVEMENT
Mammals, fish, amphibians, birds, advanced invertebrates, and reptiles (excluding snakes) have organs for locomotion. Animals move around in order to find food, avoid predators, and survive unfavorable environmental conditions.
Joints and muscle contractions allow animals to move their body parts
Some organisms, like the tentacles of a sea anemone, are fixed in position but can move their individual sections.
Plants use their roots to cling to the soil.
DURING MOVEMENT living thing especially animals make use of the Nervous System to carry out homeostasis such as the Cranial nerves, spinal nerve which helps to transport sensory data from the CNS to motor impulses, the Cerebrum which helps to maintain consciousness, creativity, thinking, morals, and memory, Mindfulness, originality, ideas,
In conclusion living thing need to be stable while carrying out life function, other functions include, sensitivity ,growth, reproduction
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