any allele that can hide the presence of a different allele
Answer:
Only one allele determines the phenotype
Explanation:
PLease help me!!!! Hurry!!
We refer to these changes as mutations whenever the DNA sequence or the structure of the genes changes.
What is a mutation by substitution? mutation caused by insertion or deletion?Mutations known as substitution mutations occur when one base pair is changed for another. Insertion mutations are changes to the DNA sequence when one or more nucleotides are inserted.
Is a mutational effect more pronounced in a deletion or a substitution?Is a mutation's impact higher in a deletion or a substitution? Because the remaining portion of the strand is different, deletion has a higher impact than replacement, which can only change one amino acid. Point mutation: What is it? a change that takes place in one amino acid (substitution).
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What i the producer in this food chain lettuce, greenfly, ladybird, thrush, or cat
The producer in the food chain is lettuce.
A food chain is a network of linear nodes in a food web that starts with producers and ends with an apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species. The relationship between creatures and the food they eat is also demonstrated through a food chain.
The trophic level represented by each link in a food chain is different. Autotrophs, or creatures that make their own nourishment, are producers. Examples of producers include plants and algae. They prepare their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
As they are consumed by other species and do not require food for energy, they are at the bottom of the food chain. And so, among the examples given in the food chain, lettuce is the only producer as it is an autotroph or a plant and consumed by other species.
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Meg and Demetrius are having an argument about trees with needles. Meg says all trees with needles stay green
all year round like evergreens, but Demetrius says there are some trees that lose their needles seasonally. Who is
correct?
Meg, because trees with needles are not deciduous.
O
Demetrius, because trees with needles can be deciduous.
O
Meg, because all trees with needles stay green year round.
O
Demetrius, because all trees with needles lose their needles seasonally.
Meg, because trees with needles are not deciduous.
Why do evergreen trees remain green all year?Evergreens have thick, waxy leaves that are coiled up into long, thin needles. The needle form allows evergreens to save water in the summer and winter, allowing photosynthesis to continue. This is why the needle leaves may stay connected and green all year.
Because evergreen needles are thinner and have less surface area to dry or freeze than huge deciduous leaves, they can endure low weather. Their breathing pores, known as stomata, are located at the base of the needles and stay closed during the winter to protect them from temperature extremes.
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The tunicate, lamprey, Cladoselache, trout, lungfish, and frog all have a notochord.
The lamprey, Cladoselache, trout, lungfish, and frog all have a
The Cladoselache, trout, lungfish, and frog all have
The trout, lungfish, and frog all have a swim bladder or
The lungfish and frog have enamel.
The frog has four true
the four groups that were separated by the development of a ja
and vertebra.
Modern fish are a diverse group that are typically split into three groups: jawless fish (class or superclass Agnatha, approximately 75 species including lampreys and hagfish)
ClassificationCartilaginous fish (class Chondrichthyes, around 800 species including sharks and rays), and bony fish (class Osteichthyes, with over 26,000 species). Some people exclusively use the name "fish" to describe jawed bony fish, leaving out Agnatha and Chondrichthyes.Actinopterygii (lobe-finned fish) and Sarcopterygii (current subcategories or classes) are two commonly accepted Osteichthyes (ray-finned or spiny-finned fish). The Sacropterygii subclass is often where coelacanths belong.The Actinopterygii are typically separated into the Chondrostei and the Neopterygii, the latter of which comprises the Teleostei (contemporary bony fishes), a classification into which the majority of fish fit.For more information on fish kindly visit to.
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A gene that affects fruit fly head size is a maternal effect gene. The gene exists as a dominant allele H and a recessive allele h. A female fly with a normal head is mated to a true breeding fly with a small head. All of the offspring have small heads.1. What is the genotype of the female fly?2. What is the genotype of all offspring?3. What is the genotype of the maternal grandmother?
1. The genotype of the female fly is Hh.
2. The genotype of all offspring is hh.
3. The genotype of the maternal grandmother is either HH or Hh.
1. The genotype of the female fly is Hh. This is because she has a normal head, meaning she must have at least one dominant allele H, but all of her offspring have small heads, meaning she must also carry the recessive allele h and passed it on to all of her offspring.
2. The genotype of all offspring is hh. This is because they all have small heads, meaning they must have inherited two recessive alleles h from their parents.
3. The genotype of the maternal grandmother cannot be determined with the information provided. This is because we do not know the genotype of the female fly's parents, so we cannot determine the genotype of the maternal grandmother.
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NEED HELP WITH 1, 2, AND 3 ASAP 15 POINTS
From the cell energy test:
Letter on the diagram representing chemical energy in the form of ATP energy is C.Organelle that converts solar energy into stored chemical energy in the bonds of glucose is A.Name of the process in which C₆H₁₂O₆ is synthesized using CO₂ and H₂0 is B.What is chemical energy in the form of ATP energy?Chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) energy refers to the energy stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds between the three phosphate groups of ATP molecules.
When ATP is broken down, energy is released, which can be used by cells to perform various cellular processes and functions. ATP is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell, as it provides the necessary energy for metabolic reactions, muscle contraction, and other essential cellular functions.
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Hi I need help with question 20
The DNA sequence GAC-TCA-AGA translates to the mRNA sequence CUG AGU UCU.
How are DNA sequence translated to mRNA sequence?DNA is transcribed into RNA in a process called transcription. During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds and one of the strands is used as a template for RNA synthesis. The RNA polymerase enzyme adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA strand, following the base pairing rules (A-U and G-C for RNA).
Once the RNA molecule is complete, it detaches from the DNA template strand and the DNA rewinds back into its double-stranded structure. The resulting RNA molecule is called messenger RNA (mRNA) and it carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it will be translated into protein.
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Honor biología transport problems please help
Cell transport describes the passage of a material across a cell membrane. The material has the ability to enter or exit cells. Different substances travel through the cell membrane or plasma membrane.
What is cell transport called?Material moving across cell walls is referred to as cell transport. Both inactive and active cell movement are involved. Active transport needs energy to operate, whereas passive transport doesn't. Osmosis, assisted diffusion, and diffusion take place during passive movement.
In a cell, there are four different kinds of transfer systems. These are main active transport, secondary active transport, facilitated diffusion, and straightforward diffusion.
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1.) did the contribution of Jennifer Doudna impact the world of math and/or science?
2.) did the contribution of Jennifer Doudna help the people? If so, how?
3.) what contribution of Jennifer Doudna did she make to the world of mathematics and/or science?
Answer:
1. Yes, the contribution of Jennifer Doudna has had a significant impact on the world of science, particularly in the field of molecular biology. She co-developed a groundbreaking gene-editing tool called CRISPR-Cas9, which is considered one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the 21st century. This tool allows scientists to precisely cut, edit, and manipulate DNA, which has important implications for treating genetic diseases and advancing scientific research.
2. Yes, Jennifer Doudna's contribution has helped people in various ways. For instance, her work on CRISPR-Cas9 has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington's disease. It also has the potential to improve the yield and quality of crops, which can help to address issues of food insecurity and environmental sustainability.
3. Jennifer Doudna's primary contribution is the co-development of CRISPR-Cas9, a gene-editing tool that has transformed the field of molecular biology. CRISPR-Cas9 allows scientists to make precise edits to the genome, which has a wide range of applications in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Jennifer Doudna's work on CRISPR-Cas9 has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Explanation:
your welcome
Cells are placed in a solution that causes them to absorb liquid until they burst. When more water is removed from the solution, newly added cells do not burst. The original solutions was ________ , while the second was ________ to the cells.a. hypertonic; isotonicb. isotonic; hypotonicc. isotonic; hypertonicd. hypotonic; isotonic
Hypotonic and isotonic.
The original was Hypotonic because it grew. The second is Isotonic because they stayed normal. If the cells shrunk, they would be Hypertonic.
The original solution was hypotonic, while the second was isotonic to the cells. The correct answer is option d.
In a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than inside the cell. This causes water to move into the cell through osmosis, causing the cell to swell and potentially burst.
Over a semipermeable membrane, a solution is referred to as a hypotonic solution if it contains less solute than other solutions with the same solute concentration. Such a solution results in a reduction in the concentration of solutes and complete water flow within the cell. This results in edema breaking down.
In an isotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell, so there is no net movement of water and the cell does not swell or shrink.
A solution that has the same osmolarity, or solute concentration, as another solution is said to be isotonic. Water will flow equally into and out of either solution if a semipermeable membrane is used to separate the two. We can say that the net flow is the same because the flow in and out is equal.
Therefore, the correct answer is option d. hypotonic; isotonic.
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Amoeba sisters video recap: mutations i need the answer pls
Amoeba is a unicellular organism with shape-changing capabilities. They typically live in bodies of water like ponds, lakes, and slowly moving rivers.
A modification to a cell's chromosomes or genes is referred to as a mutation. The structure and growth of the progeny could be impacted by this change in the gametes. In biology, a mutation is an alteration to the genome, extrachromosomal DNA, or the nucleic acid sequence of a virus.
Gene mutations can be divided into two categories: small-scale mutations and large-scale mutations.
The structure and growth of the progeny could be impacted by this change in the gametes. In biology, a mutation is an alteration to the genome, extrachromosomal DNA, or the nucleic acid sequence of a virus.
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Where does LSD come from?
O A.
O B.
O c.
O D.
a poppy
tree bark
a chemical
a fungus
Answer:
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a synthetic chemical, made from a substance found in ergot, which is a fungus that infects rye (grain).
So d) Fungus.
how does the distribution of starch compare with tparts of leaf in which carbon fixation reactions take place g
The distribution of starch in a leaf is closely related to the parts of the leaf where carbon fixation reactions take place. Starch accumulates in the mesophyll cells of leaves, which are responsible for carbon fixation through photosynthesis.
Starch is a carbohydrate that is produced as a result of photosynthesis and is stored in various parts of the leaf to provide energy for growth and development. The distribution of starch is directly related to the parts of the leaf where carbon fixation occurs. Starch accumulates in the mesophyll cells of leaves, which are responsible for carbon fixation through photosynthesis.
Starch accumulation is critical because it serves as a reservoir of carbohydrates that can be used to support other plant functions, such as growth, development, and energy production. Starch is stored in chloroplasts, which are organelles that contain the pigments responsible for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is fixed in the chloroplasts, resulting in the production of sugar, which is then converted to starch for storage.
The greater the rate of carbon fixation in the chloroplasts, the more starch will be produced, and the higher the accumulation in the mesophyll cells. The location of starch within the leaf can be determined by staining the leaf tissue with iodine, which produces a blue-black color when it comes into contact with starch.
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What is the length of the side of each of the smallest squares on your hemocytometer? biol 4100
The length of the side of each of the smallest squares on your Hemocytometer is 50 micrometers.
The hemocytometer (or haemocytometer) is a counting-chamber device that was initially created for counting blood cells.
Louis-Charles Malassez designed the hemocytometer, which consists of a thick glass microscope slide with a rectangular depression that produces a precise volume chamber. This chamber has a laser-etched grid of perpendicular lines. The gadget is meticulously built such that the region limited by the lines and the depth of the chamber are both understood. It is therefore feasible to count the number of cells or particles in a certain volume of fluid by watching a defined region of the grid, and hence compute the concentration of cells in the fluid overall, by observing a defined area of the grid. The Neubauer counting chamber is a popular type of hemocytometer.
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You will analyze the effectiveness of a solution for reducing impacts of human activities on the environment. In this portfolio activity you will be writing the methodology section for a hypothetical experiment on the solution that you have chosen to research. A methodology section must be easily understood by others in order to analyze the experiment results. Answers to the following questions should be included in you methodology section:
what is the experiment testing for?
what is the most appropriate sample size?
what variable will be manipulated?
what variable will be measured based on the changes made to the IV ?
how ill you collect your data?
how will you know if your experiment is successful?
what safety precautions need to be taken?
As long as the number does not exceed 1000, 10% is typically a reasonable maximum sample size. The thing that reacts to the independent variable's change is the dependent variable.
What exactly is research methodology?The exact steps or methods used to find, pick, process, & analyze information on a subject are known as research methodology. The research methodology of a research paper provides readers with the opportunity to determine the high external validity and reproducibility of a study.
How does project methodology work?Those that work in a discipline employ a system of concepts, strategies, and processes known as a project management methodology. The top techniques differ not only in terms of structure, but also in other ways.
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What does RNA stand for?
Answer:
RiboNucleic Acid
Explanation:
Answer: Ribonucleic Acid
Explanation:<font color="#FF0000">R</font><font color="#FF8000">i</font><font color="#FFFF00">b</font><font color="#007940">o</font><font color="#4040FF">n</font><font color="#A000C0">u</font><font color="#FF0000">c</font><font color="#FF8000">l</font><font color="#FFFF00">e</font><font color="#007940">i</font><font color="#4040FF">c</font><font color="#A000C0"> </font><font color="#FF0000">A</font><font color="#FF8000">c</font><font color="#FFFF00">i</font><font color="#007940">d</font>
Which statement should be included to establish a claim to back the thesis? Responses
A Polluters should be held accountable for their actions.Polluters should be held accountable for their actions.
B Some say that pollution isn't a problem, but they are wrong.Some say that pollution isn't a problem, but they are wrong.
C The penalty a polluter must currently pay is in many cases, laughably insignificant.The penalty a polluter must currently pay is in many cases, laughably insignificant.
D Pollution is a terrible problem today.
The statement that should be included to establish a claim to back the thesis is option C: "The penalty a polluter must currently pay is in many cases, laughably insignificant." This statement provides evidence to support the argument that polluters should be held accountable for their actions by highlighting the inadequacy of current penalties for polluting. By including this statement, the writer is making a specific claim about the need for stronger consequences for polluters, which supports the overall thesis that polluters should be held accountable for their actions. The other options do not provide specific evidence to support the thesis.
Place the following steps in the correct order to represent how organic nutrients reach the cells of the body from the digestive system and fuel cellular respiration
The correct order to represent how organic nutrients reach the cells of the body from the digestive system and fuel cellular respiration are:
The daily food consumption of an organism provides fuel and building blocks for the body.Food is broken down via the digestive system.With the assistance of the circulatory system, the digestive system supplies nutrients and water to the cells.Within a cell, fuel molecules are further broken down during the following steps: glycolysis, the prep reaction, and the citric acid cycle.Large quantities of ATP are produced when electron carriers travel to the electron transport chain embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.The process of how organic nutrients reach the cells of the body from the digestive system and fuel cellular respiration starts with the daily food consumption, which provides fuel and building blocks for the body.
The food is then broken down via the digestive system, and with the assistance of the circulatory system, the digestive system supplies nutrients and water to the cells. Inside the cells, fuel molecules are further broken down through glycolysis, the prep reaction, and the citric acid cycle, which eventually lead to the production of ATP through the electron transport chain embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Thus, the steps are in the correct order to show how organic nutrients are transformed into energy for the cells to use.
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The complete question is:
Digestive system to cells Place the following steps in the correct order to represent how organic nutrients reach the cells of the body from the digestive system and fuel cellular respiration. Rank the options below.
Large quantities of ATP are produced when electron carriers travel to the electron transport chain embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
The daily food consumption of an organism provides fuel and building blocks for the body.
Food is broken down via the digestive system.
Within a cell, fuel molecules are further broken down during the following steps: glycolysis, the prep reaction, and the citric acid cycle
With the assistance of the circulatory system, the digestive system supplies nutrients and water to the cells
during the yeast fermentation lab, why did glucose show a higher rate of fermentation than starch? multiple choice starch is a disaccharide. starch is a polysaccharide. glucose is a disaccharide. glucose is a polysaccharide.
During yeast fermentation lab, glucose shows a higher rate of fermentation than starch as : starch is a polysaccharide.
What happens in yeast fermentation?During the yeast fermentation, glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide by the action of yeast enzymes. Starch is a complex carbohydrate that is made up of many glucose units linked together in chain. In order for yeast to ferment starch, the starch must be broken down into component glucose molecules, which takes time and requires additional enzymes.
Therefore, glucose shows higher rate of fermentation than starch because it is already in the form of simple sugar that can be readily metabolized by yeast. Starch, being a polysaccharide, is more complex and hence requires more processing before it can be used by yeast for fermentation.
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Which of the following terms describes a muscle's ability to exert strength to create movement?
dynamic strength
kinesiology
palpation
myofascial release
Answer:
I believe it's Dynamic Strength.
Explanation:
I hope this helps! :)
what do you see yourself continuously doing to promote sustainability???
Answer:
How can someonebe political
Explain how the Moon orbits the Earth.
Answer:
the moon orbits the earth in a circle, which makes the moon seam to have different fases because of the sun.
Which of these explains the feature that can form at the boundary of these two plates?
A. A range of volcanoes because the oceanic plate melts underneath the continental plate, forming a line of volcanoes on the continent
B. A broad canyon-like valley because the two plates act like a plow, digging out any soil in the plate's paths.
C. A mountain range because the two colliding plates have equal
composition and density, causing both to fold and form wide, thick
mountains
D. Island arc because the oceanic plate melts underneath the continental plate, forming volcanic mountains the eventually become islands
which shows discontinuity in development? group of answer choices changing rate of tree growth across seasons snakes periodically shedding skin the stages of caterpillar to chrysalis to butterfly flowers blooming
Snakes periodically shedding skin shows a discontinuity in development.
What is a discontinuity in development?Discontinuity in development is an inconsistent and inconsistent change in development. Discontinuous development is marked by irregular, non-linear changes that can occur in brief or long-term periods.
What is shedding in snakes?Shedding is a typical process in which snakes remove their outer skin layer, also known as shedding their skin or molting it. This process, known as ecdysis, is done by all reptiles, including snakes. It usually happens every few weeks or months, and it helps the snake in removing parasites, heal wounds, and get rid of damaged skin.
Snakes shed their skin periodically because it does not grow with their bodies. This results in discontinuity in development because snakes have an unpredictable change in development because of shedding.
The other options given in the question do not show discontinuity in development because: Changing rate of tree growth across seasons: Although the growth rate of trees may differ from season to season, there is no sudden and inconsistent change in tree growth.
Stages of caterpillar to chrysalis to butterfly: This is an instance of complete metamorphosis, where a creature goes through four distinct stages of development, but they follow each other linearly without any sudden or inconsistent changes.
Flowers blooming: Flowers bloom on a consistent schedule or based on environmental factors. Their growth and development are in a steady state without any sudden changes.
Therefore, snakes shedding their skin periodically shows a discontinuity in development.
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Why might there be concerns about bias in BP’s reports about the recovery of the ecosystems damaged by the Deepwater Horizon incident?
A.
Few oil companies hire experienced, qualified marine scientists.
B.
It is not possible to assess the level of an ecosystem’s recovery.
C.
Most people will unquestionably accept the report findings as fact.
D.
BP will lose more money if further recovery efforts are needed.
It is nοt pοssible tο assess the level οf an ecοsystem’s recοvery there be cοncerns abοut bias in BP’s repοrts abοut the recοvery οf the ecοsystems damaged by the Deepwater Hοrizοn incident, sο οptiοn (b) is cοrrect.
What is ecοsystem?In οrder tο create a bubble οf life, different species οf plants, animals, and οther living things cοhabit in an ecοsystem. Abiοtic (οr nοnliving) and biοtic (οr alive) elements cοexist in ecοsystems.
What is carbοn diοxide?One part carbοn and twο parts οxygen make up the gas called carbοn diοxide. Its usage by plants tο create carbοhydrates during a prοcess knοwn as phοtοsynthesis makes it οne οf the mοst significant gases οn the planet.
Therefοre, it is nοt pοssible tο assess the level οf an ecοsystem’s recοvery there be cοncerns abοut bias in BP’s repοrts abοut the recοvery οf the ecοsystems damaged by the Deepwater Hοrizοn incident, (b).
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Answer the question & Fill in the blanks:
Translation begins at the start codon which is typically AUG, a process called ______.
Translation ends at the stop codon of the mRNA strand, which can be UAA, UAG, or UGA, a process called________.
Are the bases on the mRNA strand identical or complementary to the DNA strand template?
The bases οn the mRNA strand are cοmplementary tο the DNA strand template, meaning that they fοrm base pairs with the cοrrespοnding nucleοtides οn the DNA strand.
What is DNA?DNA (Deοxyribοnucleic Acid) is a mοlecule that cοntains the genetic instructiοns used in the develοpment and functiοning οf all living οrganisms. It is a dοuble-stranded, helical structure cοnsisting οf nucleοtides that are cοmpοsed οf a sugar (deοxyribοse), a phοsphate grοup, and a nitrοgenοus base (adenine, guanine, cytοsine, οr thymine).
Translatiοn begins at the start cοdοn which is typically AUG, a prοcess called initiatiοn.
Translatiοn ends at the stοp cοdοn οf the mRNA strand, which can be UAA, UAG, οr UGA, a prοcess called terminatiοn.
The bases οn the mRNA strand are cοmplementary tο the DNA strand template, meaning that they fοrm base pairs with the cοrrespοnding nucleοtides οn the DNA strand.
Hοwever, there are a few differences between the twο types οf nucleic acid, such as the use οf uracil (U) instead οf thymine (T) in RNA, and the fact that RNA is usually single-stranded while DNA is dοuble-stranded.
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Local conditions such as heavy rainfall or the removal of plants may limit the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, or calcium available to a particular ecosystem, but the amount of carbon available to the system is seldom a problem. Why
Heavy rainfall or plant removal may limit the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, or calcium available to a specific ecosystem, but the amount of carbon available to the system is rarely a problem because A Organisms do not require a lot of carbon. As you will see, carbon is the central element in compounds required for life. An organic substance is a compound that is found primarily in living organisms. Organic molecules are the building blocks of organisms' cells and other structures, as well as the carriers of living processes. Because carbon is the most abundant ingredient in organic molecules, it is critical to living on Earth.
Carbon exists naturally as carbon-12, which accounts for nearly 99% of all carbon in the world, and carbon-13, which accounts for about 1%.and carbon-14, which accounts for a negligible portion of total carbon but is crucial in dating biological things. Plants require more than just carbon dioxide to flourish (melting point: 6,422 degrees Fahrenheit/3,550 degrees Celsius). As previously stated, they require carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine to convert light into sustenance. Actually, any light, not just natural sunshine, will serve. But only to sustain their everyday photosynthesis. Plant physiology is more complicated than that.
Please help !!! (Will mark as brainlist) (Punnett Problems) fill in the blanks
Explanation:
cross: FF X Ff
off spring look like: FF,Ff
All of the genotype will be: FF,Ff,FF,Ff
A lobster’s diet includes fish, other crustaceans such as crabs and other lobsters, clams, mussels, sea urchins, and some of the larger, plant-sized algae. Similarly varied diets are common among many species, including our own. What does this suggest about the species shown in food pyramids?
A.
Many probably feed at more than one trophic level.
B.
Many probably feed mostly within their own trophic level.
C.
Those in the top trophic level are the most numerous.
D.
Those in the bottom trophic level have the most predators.
Answer:
It's A!
Explanation:
Option A is the correct answer because it correctly describes the information provided in the statement about the lobster's diet, and it is consistent with the general patterns of feeding seen in many other species.
Why it's (likely) not the other options:
Option B, "Many probably feed mostly within their own trophic level," is not supported by the information given. The statement mentions that a lobster's diet includes a variety of organisms from different trophic levels, so it is not accurate to say that they feed mostly within their own trophic level.
Option C, "Those in the top trophic level are the most numerous," is also not supported by the information given. The statement mentions the different types of organisms that lobsters eat but does not provide any information about the abundance or distribution of these organisms in the ecosystem.
Option D, "Those in the bottom trophic level have the most predators," is not directly relevant to the information provided in the statement about the lobster's diet. While it is true that organisms at the bottom of the food chain are often the most heavily preyed upon, the statement does not provide any information about predator-prey relationships in the ecosystem.
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A student examines a cell under the microscope and observes chloroplasts. This is evidence the cell does?
Answer:
Observing chloroplasts in a cell under the microscope is evidence that the cell is a plant cell. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts, as they do not carry out photosynthesis.