Tendency of the substance to travel long distances between the site of origin and target area is not a specific criterion for classify a substance as a neurotransmitter.
Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that are responsible for transporting chemical “messages” from one neuron to the subsequent target cell. The target cell may be a gland, muscle, or another nerve cell. Neurotransmitters are generally classified on the basis of their inhibitory or excitatory action.
Neurotransmitters plays major roles in controlling body functions like senses, breathing, heart beat, hormone regulation and blood pressure.
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Why is the petroleum ether placed in an ice water bath prior to washing the product on the filter?
Before washing the substance on the filter, petroleum ether is poured into an ice water bath to assist stop the product from dissolving.
Re-crystallization procedures only work based on the solubility properties of the compound of interest. The re-crystallization experiment cannot be performed using a solvent if the compound of interest is not soluble in it. For example, if I chose petroleum ether as my solvent instead of water, my recrystallization experiment will not work because acetanilide is not at all soluble in petroleum ether. In order for my recrystallization experiment to be successful, I need an efficient solvent for acetanilide. Acetanilide should only be dissolved by this solvent at temperatures above room temperature. Additionally, my solvent for acetanilide should be soluble for the impurities species at all temperatures. Since petroleum ether does not meet these requirements, the experiment will not be successful with petroleum ether.
Petroleum ether may not react with the product on the filter, however, the majority of organic molecules are generally non-polar and soluble in petroleum ether. Temperature lowers solubility Petroleum ether is cooled in an ice water bath to stop the product from dissolving in the solvent.
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Many medical pet scans use the isotope 18f, which has a half-life of 1.8 hours. a sample prepared at 10:00 am has an activity of 20 mci. what is the activity at 1:00 pm when the patient is injected?
The activity at 1 pm when the patient is injected is 6.3 mCi.
A quantity's half-life is the amount of time needed for it to decrease to half of its initial value.
The half-life of an isotope is 1.8 hours.
The sample prepared at 10 am has an activity of 20 mCi.
Now, the variation of activity with time is given as:
[tex]R = R_0 (\frac{1}{2} )^{ \frac{t}{t_{t_{1/2}} }[/tex]
We have, R₀ = 20 mCi
The half-life, [tex]t_{\frac{1}{2} } = 1.8 {~}\text{hours}[/tex]
Now, the activity is calculated at 1 pm.
So, t = 1 pm - 10 am = 3 hrs
Therefore, the activity at 1 pm will be:
[tex]R = R_0 (\frac{1}{2} )^{ \frac{t}{t_{t_{1/2}} }[/tex]
[tex]R = 20 \times (\frac{1}{2} )^{\frac{3}{1.8} }[/tex]
[tex]R = 20 \times (\frac{1}{2} )^{1.67}[/tex]
R = 20 × 0.31425334363
R = 6.28 mCi
R = 6.3 mCi
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consider the structures of the molecules below. are these molecules polar, nonpolar, or amphiphilic?
Compound B is nonpolar, compounds C and E are polar, compounds A and D are amphiphilic.
Amphiphilic molecules are what?
An amphiphilic molecule is any substance that has two separate covalently bonded parts with contrasting solvent affinities, where one half has a strong affinity for nonpolar solvents and the other part has a high affinity for polar solvents (like water).
What polar and nonpolar molecules?
Polar molecules are created when the bonded atoms have differing electronegativities. Nonpolar molecules are created when the polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out or when the electrons in a diatomic molecule are equally distributed among the atoms.
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What is the method of cooking chicken by browning in hot fat and then covering and cooking in the oven?
Poêléing is the process of frying chicken in hot fat before wrapping it and baking it.
What is Poêléing?
In the dry-heat cooking technique known as poêléing, the food is cooked in its own juices in a covered pot, typically in the oven.
Poêléing is often referred to as butter roasting.
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Which is a chemical property that was used to separate your mixture
during the lab?
Solubility
Evaporation
Filtering
None of the above. Mixtures are separated through physical means.
None of the above.
Since none of the given option is a chemical property, rather all of them are physical method of separation and physical methods do not require a chemical change.
Solubility- It is a physical property because it is easily discernible through observation and does not alter the substance's chemical makeup. For instance, salt is still salt when it dissolves in water.
Evaporation - The chemical composition of a liquid does not change when it evaporates. The only alteration is a phase shift brought on by pressure and temperature. Evaporation, or the phase transition from liquid to gas, is a physical change as a result.
Filtration - Filtration is a physical separation procedure that uses a filter medium with a complicated structure that only allows fluid to pass through it to separate solid particles and liquid from a combination.
Therefore, neither new nor broken chemical bonds are created or broken during the separation. During the separation, bonds are severed or strengthened.
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a student proposes the following lewis structure for the peroxide ion. assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's lewis structure.
A student proposes the following lewis structure for the peroxide ion.
what is formal charge?
A hypothetical charge that might be present on an atom in a molecule is known as a formal charge. It makes the corresponding polarity assumption that sharing electrons are equally spaced from the parent atoms. Polarity is the presumption that, unless parent atoms are identical, such as H-H, electrons are never equally distant from them.
For a polyatomic ion, the formal charges must add up to the ion's charge rather than the sum of the formal charges on all the atoms in the molecule (which may be positive or negative). Formal Charge = [Valence electron count in a single atom] - [(number of bonding electrons) 12 (number of lone pair electrons)]
The peroxide has a formal charge of -2.
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personal exposures to fine particulate matter and black carbon in households cooking with biomass fuels in rural ghana
The required results of personal exposures to fine particulate matter and black carbon in households cooking with biomass fuels in rural ghana is given below.
Abstract to look at cooking practices and 24-h personal and kitchen area exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon in cooks using biomass in Ghana. Researchers administered an in-depth survey to 421 households.
The majority of households cooked outdoors (55%; 231/417), used biomass (wood or charcoal) as their primary fuel (99%; 412/413), and cooked on traditional fires (77%, 323/421). within the sub-sample of 29 households with complete, valid exposure monitoring data, the 24-h integrated concentrations of PM2.5 were substantially higher within the kitchen sample (mean 446.8 µg/m3) than within the personal air sample (mean 128.5 µg/m3). Black carbon concentrations followed the identical pattern such that concentrations were higher in the kitchen sample (14.5 µg/m3) than within the personal air sample (8.8 µg/m3). Spikes in real-time personal concentrations of PM2.5 accounted for the bulk of exposure; the most polluted 5%, or 72 min, of the 24-h monitoring period, accounted for 75% of all exposure. Two variables that had some predictive power for private PM2.5 exposures were primary fuel type and ethnicity, while reported kerosene lantern use was related to increased personal and kitchen area concentrations of black carbon.
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If you run a tlc with two random organic compounds, and the two spots have the same rf value, can you conclude that they are the same compound?
I will conclude that, no, the polarities of the compounds must be extremely similar for them to have the same Rf value rather than being identical.
What is Rf?
The proportion of an analyte in a chromatographic system's mobile phase is known as the retention factor in the field of chromatography. The retention factor (RF), specifically in planar chromatography, is calculated as the ratio of the path taken by a spot's center to that of the solvent front.
The retention factor (Rf) is a comparison and identification tool used in thin-layer chromatography. A compound's Rf value is determined by dividing the distance it travels by the the solvent front travels (both measured from the origin).
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which procedure involves a physical change in one of the substances? allowing a nail to rust allowing a nail to rust separating a salt solution by evaporating the water separating a salt solution by evaporating the water creating salt by reacting sodium metal and chlorine gas creating salt by reacting sodium metal and chlorine gas building a model rocket propelled by mixing baking soda and vinegar building a model rocket propelled by mixing baking soda and vinegar
The procedure that involves physical change in one substances is Separating a salt solution by evaporating the water.
What is physical change ?
A change that cannot be undone is referred to as a physical change. There is no development of a new substance with a physical change. The substance, size, color, or form of the compound undergoing this alteration may only be slightly altered. The physical aspect or appearance of the compound may alter in this form of modification (physical change), but the chemical makeup of the material is unaffected in any manner.
These alternatives aren't instances of physical changes:
- creating salt by reacting sodium metal and chlorine gas
- allowing a nail to rust
- building a model rocket propelled by mixing baking soda and vinegar
The following is an illustration of a physical change to an option:
Separating a salt solution by evaporating the water.
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Under what condition does the ideal gas line not apply and gases are considered real? Check all that apply
Answer:At high pressure and low temperature.
Explanation:
At high pressure voleme of a gas is'nt negligible as compared to the container
And at low temperature, kinetic energy of gas molecules lower, so they come closer to one another and intermolecular forces between them are considerable
why might the amount of copper produced be less than 100% of the expected amount? check all possible reasons.
The amount of copper produced might be less than 100% of the expected amount because the actual yield is usually less than the theoretical yield.
The efficiency of yield is calculated in the form of %age yield by the following formula
%age yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100%
The actual yield is often less than the theoretical yield due to the following reason
Incomplete reactionLoss of sample during recoverySome side reactions may occurPresence of impurities#SPJ4
some regions of a polypeptide may coil or fold back on themselves. this is called , and the coils or folds are held in place by . view available hint(s)for part a some regions of a polypeptide may coil or fold back on themselves. this is called , and the coils or folds are held in place by . tertiary structure ... hydrogen bonds tertiary structure ... covalent bonds primary structure ... covalent bonds secondary structure ... hydrogen bonds secondary structure ... peptide bonds
some regions of a polypeptide may coil or fold back on themselves. this is called secondary structure , and the coils or folds are held in place by hydrogen bonds
After translation, primary structure is just the arrangement of amino acids. The interactions between the carbonyl, amino, and side groups of the amino acid polymer backbone inside the chain result in the secondary structure of proteins. These interactions are primarily fueled by hydrogen bonds, which result in the formation of alpha helices and beta sheets, which are the primary features of proteins' secondary structures.
To create a useful three-dimensional structure, tertiary structure requires more interactions within the protein chain. Disulfide bonds between cysteines, hydrophobic contacts, ionic bonding, and dipole-dipole interactions are a few of these interactions. To create a useful, three-dimensional protein structure, several protein chains interact in quaternary structure.
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what is the percent by weight (w/w%) of sugar in soda? assume the average mass of sugar in soda is 35.0 g and the total mass is 370.0 g.
The percent by weight (w/w%) of sugar in soda : 9.459 %
To find the percentage the given data's are:
mass of sugar = 35 g
total mass = 370 g
What is the percent weight?Percent by weight is also known as Mass percent composition.It is abbreviated as w/w%. For a solution, mass percent equals the mass of an element in one mole of the compound divided by the molar mass of the compound, multiplied by 100%.Solution for the given values are,
%weight = (mass of solute : mass of solution) x 100%
Mass of solute = Mass of sugar = 35 grams
Mass of solution = Mass of ( solvent + solute) = water + sugar = 370 grams
The percent weight of sugar in soda :
= (35 : 370) x 100%
= 0.0945945
= 9.459 %
Therefore, the percent by weight (w/w%) of sugar in soda : 9.459 %
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The moon diameter is about one quarter the diameter of the earth. If
Answer:
The Moon has a diameter of 2,159 miles (3,476 kilometers) and is about one-quarter the size of Earth. The Moon weighs about 80 times less than Earth.
Explanation:
use resonance structures to help you identify all sites of high electron density in the following compound
resonance structures to help you identify all sites of high electron density.
What are resonance structures?
Resonant Structures. Chemistry uses resonance to describe the bonding in certain molecules or ions by merging several contributing structures or forms into a hybrid resonance, which is referred to as canonical structures or resonance structures under the theory of valence bonding (or hybrid structure).
A molecular feature, such as resonance or inductive effects, is transferring negative charge towards this location in the molecule when an atom or group has a higher electron density.
Everytime, by resonance as the rotating pair of electrons land on a carbon centre causing negative charge indicates a high charge density at that centre.
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You have three elements, A, B, and C, with the following electronegativity values:
Scoi
A = 0.9
B = 3.0
C = 3.5
You react the elements to form the substances AB, AC, and BC. Answer the following questions:
What type of substance is AB? What types of bonds are present? Explain your answer.
What type of substance is AC? What types of bonds are present? Explain your answer.
What type of substance is BC? What types of bonds are present? Explain your answer.
If any of the substances are ionic compounds, which element is the cation and which is the anion?
Explain your answer.
AB is an ionic Compound , BC is covalent Compound , AC is an Ionic Compound.
What is Electronegativity ?It is the tendency of an atom in which molecule is usually attract towards the shared pair of electrons which generally is known as electronegativity. As we move across a period i.e from left to right. Here the nuclear charge increases and the atomic size decreases, hence the value of electronegativity increases across a period according to the modern periodic table.Atomic number increases as we move down the group.The nuclear charge also increases but it's effect increase in nuclear charge is overcome with the help of addition of one shell. the value of electronegativity decreases while moving down the group.Now,
A = 0.9
B = 3.0
C = 3.5
AB is an ionic compound. If the difference of electronegativity between two atoms is more than 1.7 , then they will form ionic compound. Here A is Cation and B is Anion .
Electronegativity difference between A and C = 3.5 - 0.9 = 2.6Hence AC is an ionic compound.
A is Cation and B is Anion .
Electronegativity difference between B and C = 3.5 - 3.30 = 0.5Hence BC is a covalent Compound.
Thus , from the above conclusion we can say that, AB is an ionic Compound , BC is covalent Compound , AC is an Ionic Compound.
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general chemistry fourth edition by mcquarrie, rock, and gallogly. university science books presented by macmillan learning. caffeine is the active ingredient in coffee, tea, and some carbonated beverages. add lone pairs, as needed, to the structure of caffeine. indicate the hybridization of the specified atoms. be sure to consider any lone pairs you added in the first part.
In the bicyclic structure of caffeine, two rings—one a six-membered ring and the other a five-membered ring—are fused together. Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are all components of the molecule.
What is carbonated beverages ?Drinks that have had carbon dioxide added to them are referred to as carbonated beverages. Carbon dioxide lacks both flavour and colour. Carbonated beverages often start with either carbonated water or soda water, both of which qualify as carbonated beverages in and of themselves.
Six valence electrons make up an oxygen atom, of which two are required to form bonds and the remaining four are found in lone pairs. Similar to oxygen, nitrogen possesses five valence electrons, three of which are employed to form bonds while the remaining two are present as a lone pair.
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1. Use the formula Fe2(SO4)3, iron (III) sulfate, to answer the following:
a How many moles of oxygen are in one mole of iron (III) sulfate?
b. How many atoms of sulfur are in on formula unit of iron (III) sulfate?
c. How many iron atoms are in one mole of iron (III) sulfate?
d. What is the average mass in amu's of one formula unit of iron (III) sulfate?
e. What is the molecular mass of one mole of iron (III) sulfate?
The answers are given below as ,
a. There are 12 moles of oxygen are in one mole of iron (III) sulfate .
b. There are three atoms of sulfur are in on formula unit of iron (III) sulfate .
c. There are two iron atoms are in one mole of iron (III) sulfate .
d. The average mass in amu's of one formula unit of iron (III) sulfate one formula unit of iron (III) sulfate .
e. The molecular mass of one mole of iron (III) sulfate is 399.88 g/mol
The average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element is the average atomic mass, also known as atomic weight. Unified atomic mass units (u), where 1 u is equal to precisely one-twelfth the mass of a neutral atom of carbon-12, are the standard units used to express average masses.
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Somebody pls help with theses questions??
3. Environmental chemistry
4. Biochemistry
5. Inorganic Chemistry
6. Organic chemistry
what would best support whether the two samples are of the same substance or not? the two substances are the same because their intensive property is the same. the two substances are the same because their extensive property is different. the two substances are not the same because their extensive property is the same. the two substances are not the same because their intensive property is different.
The two compounds are Identical because they share the same intense quality, is the answer.
The boiling point is a bulk property, meaning that it is a property of a substance or sample that does not change as the amount of the substance or sample changes. This is the right response because of this.
How can you tell how two chemicals are different?Density is one characteristic that can be used to distinguish between two substances because different substances have distinct qualities. The density of an object is a characteristic that is independent of its size or shape.
What distinguishes an intensive property from an extensive one?Mass, weight, and volume are examples of extensive qualities that change depending on the amount of the substance.
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A hot water bath cannot be used to separate alcohols C and D.
Explain why.
water bath cannot exceed 100 (°C) and alcohol C AND alcohol D have a boiling point above 100 (°C) , therefore hot water bath cannot be used to separate alcohols C and D
Alcohols are organic substances with a functional group called a -OH or hydroxyl group connected to a hydrocarbon chain.Methanol (methyl alcohol) and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) are the two alcohols that are most well-known to people. Isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol are other names for rubbing alcohol. In the production of perfumes, alcohols are frequently employed. They are utilized to create sweeteners and flavorings for food.Alcohol can be categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol depending on which carbon from the alkyl group is connected to the hydroxyl group.To know more about Alcohol visit : https://brainly.com/question/14229343
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What products do you expect from the reaction, after acidifying the reaction mixture?
Cl3C --OH
Cl3C ---Oh products do you expect from the reaction, after acidifying the reaction mixture.
What is acidifying?
Lowering a sample's pH below 2.0 by adding an acid (often nitric or sulfuric). A sample is fixed by acidification in order to prevent change until it is analysed.
Therefore,
What products do you expect from the reaction, after acidifying the reaction mixture?
Cl3C --OH
Cl3C ---Oh Oh products do you expect from the reaction, after acidifying the reaction mixture.
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The lower the ph of a solution, the ______ acidic the solution and the the h concentration.
The lower the pH of a solution, the more acidic the solution and the H+ concentration.
What is pH?pH is the quotient that tells us the degree of acidity or basicity that a solution has. Then it can be said that it is a measure of the acidity of a solution. At pH, the hydrogen ion levels for the given solution are then measured.
If a solution has low pH levels, it indicates that there is a lot of acidity in it, that is, that there are many hydrogen ions contained in the solution. while if it has a high pH, it tells us that the solution is alkaline, that is, it has low levels of hydrogen ions.
Therefore, we can confirm that the lower the pH of a solution, the more acidic the solution and the H+ concentration.
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Identify the oxidation number of copper in solid copper.
oxidation number or state of copper in solid copper is zero
The oxidation state of all element is zero in solid sate, while it can different in liquid or gas state.
The total number of electrons transported from one reactant to another to create a chemical bond is known as the oxidation number, also known as an oxidation state. As a result, it is often described as the charge an atom would possess if all of its electrons were exchanged.The oxidation number of sodium is +1, indicating that it can contribute one electron, whereas the oxidation number of nitrogen is, indicating that it can take up three electrons to join with another element in a chemical reaction.To know more about oxidation number visit : https://brainly.com/question/15167411
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what are the common features of Mass, Volume, Magnetism, and Melting point?
Answer: they all are 4 properties of matter
Answer:
Explanation:
Mass is a scalar quantity. It has magnitude. In science, volume is a measure of the amount of three-dimensional space an object fills. It’s usually measured in cubic meters based on the SI or metric system. Volume can be represented by three axes – length, width, and height. In practice, however, volume in chemistry is commonly measured in liters and milliliters. Magnetism is a force that attracts (pulls closer) or repels (pushes away) objects that have a magnetic material like iron inside them (magnetic objects). In simpler words, it is a property of substances which pull closer or repel other objects. It is a subject in physics. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid.
How much energy is emitted by 9.4 mg of sodium atoms emitting light at a wavelength of 5.8E-7 m? Answer in units of J.
3.4 [tex]\times[/tex] [tex]10^{-9}[/tex]
Energy is emitted by 9.4 mg of sodium atoms emitting light at a wavelength of 5.8[tex]\times[/tex][tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m. Answer in units of J.
From the above statement , we have got
Energy ( E) = ?
5.8[tex]\times[/tex][tex]10^{-7}[/tex] m
Planck's constant (h) = 6.62607015×[tex]10^{-34}[/tex] joule-[tex]hertz^{-1}[/tex]
nowwe have to find energy,
by using E = hc/λ, here c is the speed of light,
c = 3 [tex]\times[/tex] [tex]10^8[/tex] m/s
now puttin all the values in equation
E = 6.6×[tex]10^{-34}[/tex] [tex]\times[/tex]3 * [tex]10^8[/tex] / 5.8[tex]\times[/tex][tex]10^{-7}[/tex]
E = 6.6[tex]\times[/tex] 3[tex]\times[/tex] [tex]10^{-9}[/tex]/5.8
E = 3.4[tex]\times[/tex] [tex]10^{-9}[/tex]
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4. Calculate the mass of:
a. 2 moles of zinc oxide (ZnO)
The mass of 2 moles of zinc oxide (ZnO) is 162.76g/mol
The International System of Units uses the mole (symbol: mol) as the unit of material quantity. How many elementary entities of a particular substance are present in an object or sample is determined by the quantity of that material. It is specified that the mole contains exactly 6.02214076×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] elementary entities.
As, we know that
moles = mass / molar mass
so, using the formula
2 = mass / 81.38
mass = 162.76g/mol
So, the mass of 2 moles of zinc oxide (ZnO) is 162.76g/mol
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What is the concentration of bromide ion in a 25.0 ml sample of water if the addition of excess silver nitrate results in the precipitation of 361 mg silver bromide (fm = 187.777)?
The concentration or Molarity of bromide ion in the sample solution is 0.077 M.
What is molarity ?A substance's molarity (M) is the volume of solution in which it is present. The amount of a solute in moles per liter of a solution is known as molarity. A solution's molar concentration is another name for molarity.The secret to determining molarity is to keep in mind that it is measured in moles per liter (M).Molarity is determined by:Count the moles of solute dissolved in the solution.Calculate the solution's volume in liters, and.Divide liters of solution by moles of the solute.In the given question,
0.361 g AgBr × (1 mol AgBr/187.77 g AgBr) × (1 mol Br⁻/1 mol AgBr) × (80.0 g Br⁻/1 mol Br⁻) = 0.1536 g Br⁻
0.1536 × (1 mol Br⁻/80.0 g Br⁻) = 0.00192 mol
Molarity = 0.00192 mol/0.025 L = 0.077 M
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The outer core of Earth is mostly liquid iron and nickel. The liquid iron flows in a spiral pattern and creates a dipolar magnetic field. Why does the iron in the outer core, spiral or have a helical flow pattern?
A. Convection and Earth's rotational spin cause the helical pattern.
B. Liquid iron has a natural spin that causes the helical spiral pattern.
C. Conduction and Earth's rotational spin cause the helical pattern.
D. The energy flow currents in the outer mantle cause the helical pattern.
The liquid iron flows in a spiral pattern and creates a bipolar magnetic field does the iron in the outer core, spiral because liquid iron has a natural spin that causes the helical spiral pattern. Thus, option (B) is correct.
What is a helical flow pattern?Helical flow is the cork-screw-like flow of water in a meander. It is one example of a secondary flow. Helical flow is a contributing factor to the formation of slip-off slopes and river cliffs in a meandering section of the river.
Meanders start when friction with the channel bed and banks causes turbulence in the water flow. This results in a spiraling flow of water called helical flow- a corkscrew-like movement of the water as it spirals downstream from bank to bank. Thus, option (b) is correct.
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What is the major organic product obtained from the following sequence of reaction? nh2nh2 koh triehtylene glycol
The major organic product and its structure that is obtained from the sequence of reaction can be seen in the image attached.
What is Triethylene glycol?Triethylene glycol, also known as TEG or triglycol, is a viscous liquid with no colour or smell and the molecular formula HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2OH. Vinyl polymers use it as a plasticizer. Additionally, it is a component of “Oust” and “Clean and Pure” air sanitising solutions.
It functions as a disinfectant when aerosolized.
Why would one utilise TEG?A TEG Gas Dehydration Unit, To remove water vapour from newly recovered natural gas, a triethylene glycol (TEG) gas dehydration system is put up.
This drying apparatus extracts water from a stream of natural gas flowing over it by using liquid triethylene glycol as its dehydrating agent.
How is triethylene glycol produced?Commercially, triethylene glycol is created as a byproduct of ethylene oxidation at high temperatures.
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