Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans

According to the research, the correct option is an integral membrane protein. An ion channel in a cell membrane is an example of an integral membrane protein.

They are integral membrane proteins that act as existing pores in the cell membrane through which ions circulate through the impermeable lipid cell membrane, selectively and in favor of a gradient.

In this sense, these channels made with integral proteins can be ligand-dependent or voltage-dependent, depending on whether their opening is determined by ligand binding or voltage changes.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is an integral membrane protein. An ion channel in a cell membrane is an example of an integral membrane protein.

Learn more about ion channel here: https://brainly.com/question/15109377

#SPJ1

Answer:

I think its A

Explanation:

We can infer that the effect sugar has on the boiling time of water is that it  increases the boiling time of the water.

The boiling of a pure liquid such as water occurs at its boiling point.

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the liquid boil. The boiling point of pure water is 100°C.

When solutes are added to a solvent, it usually have the effect of raising the boiling point of the solvent. This is known as colligative properties of solutions.

For example, when sugar or salt is added to water, the boiling point and boiling time of water is elevated.

Considering the observation when sugar was added to water ad the water was heated until it began boiling. It was observed that increasing the quantity of sugar increased the boiling time of the water.

Learn more about boiling point at: https://brainly.com/question/40140

#SPJ1

Food and pathogens are biotic factors.

Ecosystems are  primarily made up of both biotic and abiotic components. Abiotic factors are non-living elements like water, soil, and atmosphere, whereas biotic factors are living things found in an ecosystem like plants, animals, and bacteria.

In an ecosystem, how these elements interact is crucial. Producers, consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers are the five biotic, or living, factors present in all ecosystems. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that influence their surroundings. Examples could be light, water, and temperature in a terrestrial ecosystem.

Sunlight is a very significant abiotic factor because it is the primary source of energy on Earth.

To know more about pathogens :

https://brainly.com/question/28148146

#SPJ9

R group, Amino Acid Group, and Carboxyl Group are the three functional group which are the part of every amino acid.

Amino Acid- Small chemicals known as amino acids serve as the foundation for proteins. Proteins carry out several crucial chemical processes as well as providing structural support for the cell. 20 distinct smaller, simpler amino acid combinations make up the molecules that make up each protein.

Protein- Large, intricate molecules known as proteins serve a variety of vital functions in the body. They are crucial for the construction, operation, and control of the body's tissues and organs and carry out the majority of their job inside cells.

To know more about the Amino Acid, click on the below link.

https://brainly.com/question/15823799

#SPJ4

Necrosis which is characterized by the ghostly outline of cells that have died in place, their architecture preserved is known as Coagulative necrosis.

Necrosis may be defined as the property that significantly involves the sudden and rapid death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to a specific injury, disease, or negligence of the blood supply.

In coagulative necrosis, the accidental death of cells is primarily caused or provoked by infarction or ischemia. This type of necrosis involves the preservation of architectural dead tissues for at least two or more days.

Therefore, coagulative necrosis is a type of necrosis that is characterized by the ghostly outline of cells that have died in place, their architecture preserved.

To learn more about Necrosis, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/17205390

#SPJ4

1) Oxidative phosphorylation, which produces ATP using the energy released during the oxidation of the food we eat, is the traditional function of mitochondria. For the majority of biochemical and physiological processes, including growth, mobility, and equilibrium, ATP is used as the main energy source in turn. Almost every eukaryotic organism, including plants and animals, has mitochondria in its cells.

2) a) Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

   b) Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

3) a) Mitochondria Release energy for the cell.

   b) carbon dioxide and water Is made during respiration.

4) Water and carbon dioxide are changed into oxygen and glucose during photosynthesis. The plant consumes glucose and produces oxygen as a byproduct. Oxygen and glucose are transformed into water and carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. By-products of the process include carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, which are turned into energy.

The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform solar energy into chemical energy, which is then stored for later use. This mechanism primarily provides energy to the planet's life systems. The C3, C4, and CAM pathways are the three basic categories of photosynthetic pathways. They all use the Calvin cycle to convert CO2 into sugars, but each pathway does so in a somewhat different way.

Chloroplasts, which house the chlorophyll in plants, are where photosynthesis occurs. The thylakoid membrane, a third inner membrane that creates long folds inside the chloroplast and is bordered by a double membrane, is present inside chloroplasts.

To know more about photosynthesis refer to: https://brainly.com/question/1388366

Taking into account the definition of molarity and molar mass, the correct answer is option a: 1.11 mL of 0.5 M glucose (molecular mass 180) is needed to provide 100 mg of glucose.

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.

The molarity of a solution is calculated by :

molarity= mass÷ volume

Molarity is expressed in units moles/L.

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

In this case, you have:

You can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 180 grams of glucose are contained in 1 mole, 0.1 grams of glucose are contained in how many moles?

amount of moles= (0.1 grams× 1 mole)÷ 180 grams

amount of moles= 5.556×10⁻⁴ moles

Noe, replacing in the definition of molarity:

0.5 M= 5.556×10⁻⁴ moles÷ volume

Solving:

0.5 M× volume= 5.556×10⁻⁴ moles

volume= 5.556×10⁻⁴ moles ÷0.5 M

volume=1.11×10⁻³ L= 1.11 mL (being 1 L= 1000 mL)

Finally, the correct answer is option a: 1.11 mL of 0.5 M glucose (molecular mass 180) is needed to provide 100 mg of glucose.

Learn more about molarity:

brainly.com/question/9324116

brainly.com/question/10608366

brainly.com/question/7429224

#SPJ1

Blood cells are the red blood cells, white blood cells, and the cell fragments called as platelets. Around them is an extracellular matrix, that called as Plasma which nearly contains about 92 percent water, which makes the plasma fluid.

The Blood cells. Blood contains many types of the cells: white blood cells (monocytes, the lymphocytes, the neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and the macrophages), the red blood cells (erythrocytes), and the platelets. teh Blood circulates through the body in the arteries and in the veins. Red blood cells, also referred to as the red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, the erythroid cells or the erythrocytes, are the most common type of the blood cell and the vertebrate's principal that means of delivering the oxygen to the body tissues—via the blood flow through the circulatory system

To know more about Blood cells visit:

https://brainly.com/question/17890844

#SPJ4

The "evolution as tinkering" indicates that adaptations occur via microevolution and these progressive changes might limit the emergence of better functionalities in an environment.

The term microevolution makes reference to slow and small changes in the phenotypic characteristics that serve as adaptations and confer an evolutionary advantage, being therefore selected by natural selection.

This process (microevolution) involves a type of adaptive change that occurs "drop by drop" and therefore this also imposes limits on the emergence of the best phenotypic adaptations for a particular environment, which is associated with differential survival and reproduction of the fittest organisms.

In conclusion, the concept of "evolution as tinkering" states that trait change occurs via microevolution, and these progressive modifications have limited the emergence of better functionalities (i.e., better adaptative features to the particular environment) in nature.

Learn more about microevolution here:

https://brainly.com/question/1386312

#SPJ1

Answer:

to get a better look at it

Explanation:

The term editor is a metaphor for natural selection because natural selection edits the naturally occurring heritable variation by favoring one genotype over another. It causes a change in population gene frequencies because it chooses those who will live and pass on their genes to the next generation.

What do you mean by natural selection?

To learn more about natural selection, refer to:

brainly.com/question/9830102

#SPJ4

Compared to the stomach, the small intestine has a substantially larger surface area.

Learn more about the human digestive system with the help of the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/10457697

#SPJ4

Answer: withdrawal of red blood cells

Explanation:

Achondroplasia is an inherited conditions that impedes long bones growth resulting in dwarf phenotype. The mode of inheritance is complete dominance, expressing a phenotypic ratio = 3:1.

Achondroplasia is a congenic condition genetically determined. Individuals expressing this condition do not have normal bone development. They are short in height, with short extremities and macrocephaly.

A mutation in the gene FGFR-3 is responsible for this condition, affecting mainly long bone growth. Normal parents can have a dwarf son or daughter.

The inheritance pattern of this condition is complete dominance, meaning that an autosomal dominant allele is responsible for achondroplasia expression.

If two individuals with achondroplasia have at least one normal child it means that both parents are heterozygous for the trait, and both of them transmitted the recessive allele to the normal child. Let us see,

We will name,

Cross: two individuals with achondroplasia

Parentals)  Aa   x    Aa

Gametes) A   a      A    a

Punnett square)  A     a

                      A   AA   Aa

                       a  Aa     aa

F1) 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be homozygous dominant AA and express achondroplasia

    2/4 = 1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous Aa and express achondroplasia

     1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be homozygous recessive aa and express the normal phenotype (wild type).

The phentoypic ratio is 3:1.

Now let us talk about the ratios,

4 possible genotypes -------------------- 3 individuals among the progeny

3 dwarf genotypes ------------------------X = (3 x 3) / 4 = 2.25 ≅ 2

1 wild type genotype --------------------- X = (1 x 3) / 4 = 0.75 ≅ 1

The phenotypic ratio of the progeny approximates 3:1.

The phenotypic ratio of 3:1 is typical of complete dominance.

You will learn more about achondroplasia at

https://brainly.com/question/16131638

https://brainly.com/question/14041144

#SPJ1

The hermaphroditic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a mapped somatic lineage that is mostly invariant, yet during larval and adult stages, germ cells continuously multiply in a stem cell niche.

Early embryonic cell divisions happen quickly and don't have G1 or G2 phases. The G1 phase only appears late in embryogenesis in a small proportion of actively dividing cells, according to the existing evidence, and it is first noticed at gastrulation.

Different DNA replication rates, which are partly explained by the variable activation of the DNA-replication checkpoint, result in differences in the time of early embryonic cell cycles between lineages.

The formation of post-embryonic cell lineages is closely controlled, with cycles of cell division starting and ending at particular times during larval development. Although changes to the heterochronic pathway, which controls the sequence of larval programs, might indirectly change the time of cell divisions, the extrinsic or intrinsic cues that regulate the timing of initial cell-cycle entry remain unknown.

Learn more about Cell division here:

https://brainly.com/question/467295

#SPJ4

A microclimate is a collection of climatic patterns that have been identified in specific localized regions of the earth's surface. It can also be very fine localized patterns of climatic conditions that are determined on a smaller scale, and it includes abiotic elements like temperature, windspeed, sunlight, and moisture.

Learn more about the Microclimate with the help of the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/14727163

#SPJ4

In asexual reproduction, genetic information comes from only one parent; whereas, in sexual reproduction, genetic information from two parents to form an offspring.

Asexual reproduction is a type of mechanism by which only one parental organism may produce offspring and therefore it is not associated with the formation of gametes.

In sexual reproduction, the cells from different parents having half genetic material fuse to produce an egg that will develop into an adult organism by a process known as fertilization.

The different types of asexual reproduction in organisms include, among others, vegetative propagation, binary fission (bacteria), Budding, fragmentation division, reproduction by spores (sporogenesis), etc.

In conclusion, in asexual reproduction, genetic information comes from only one parent; whereas, in sexual reproduction, genetic information from two parents to form an offspring.

Learn more about asexual reproduction here:

https://brainly.com/question/423209

#SPJ1

Muscle fatigue is characterized by a decrease in the muscle's ability to generate force, which can increase the risk of injury and reduce quality of life and productivity.

Muscle fatigue can be classified as either central or peripheral in nature, with the majority of situations involving both. Although methods that relate to muscle fatigue have been extensively studied, the function of cortical centers in contributing to tiredness during voluntary motor tasks (e.g., if the brain is capable of producing constant descending commands) or modulating muscle fatigue remains largely unknown to all.

To learn more about muscle fatigue: brainly.com/question/11375714

#SPJ4

A somatic mutation contributes to variation in the population it will not be inherited by individuals in the next generation.

A neutral mutation is any mutation that does not affect the fitness of an organism and they are generally found in non-coding genome regions instead of protein-coding regions.

Nonetheless, it is important to highlight that a mutation in an intron may also have evolutionary significance if it has regulatory roles associated with gene expression.

In conclusion, a new mutation arises in the intron of a gene in a somatic cell, thereby this mutation contributes to variation in the population it will not be inherited by individuals in the next generation.

Complete question:

Fill in the blank. A new mutation arises in the intron of a gene in a somatic cell. This mutation contributes to _____ in the population _____ by individuals in the next generation.

Learn more about neutral mutations here:

https://brainly.com/question/14105205

#SPJ1

Imprinting takes place at a 'critical period'; if imprinting does not take place in time, the goslings do not attach themselves to a mother figure.

Imprinting, initially described by naturalist Konrad Lorenz in the 1930s, happens when an animal creates a connection to the first item it sees after hatching. Lorenz noticed that newly hatched goslings would flock to the first moving item they encountered, which was frequently Lorenz himself.

Despite being of a different species, Lorenz was able to persuade geese to imprint on him as their mother. Lorenz studied imprinting by observing animals in their natural surroundings. He also used the technique of empathising with animals.

Learn more about Imprinting refer

https://brainly.com/question/24908486

#SPJ4

Prokaryotic cells are distinct from eukaryotic cells because they are a more primitive type of cell while eukaryotic cells are complex cells with clearly defined organelles.

The DNA replication in eukaryotes is slow while the DNA replication in prokaryotes is rapid There is DNA of eukaryotes are different from the DNA of prokaryotes because of complexity of organism.

Learn more about Eukaryotic DNA and Prokaryotic DNA here https://brainly.com/question/2332124

#SPJ9

The methyl group is different as it is not reactive and is nonpolar. The remaining six groups, referred to as functional groups, can take part in chemical processes. These functional groups, with the exception of the sulfhydryl group, are hydrophilic, increasing the solubility of organic molecules in water.

In organic chemistry, the methyl group is an alkyl produced from methane that has the chemical formula CH3, one carbon atom bound to three hydrogen atoms. The group's name is frequently shortened to Me in formulas. In numerous organic molecules, this hydrocarbon group can be found. In the majority of compounds, it is a very stable group.

Methyl groups, which have a core carbon atom linked to three hydrogen atoms, are very stable. Even in the presence of extremely potent acids or bases, the functional group itself is often non-reactive.

In conclusion, in methyl group is different as it is not reactive and is nonpolar. The remaining six groups, referred to as functional groups, can take part in chemical processes.

Learn more about methyl on:

https://brainly.com/question/23111082

#SPJ1

Caracteristicile fierului :

Oligoelement abundent în corpul uman

În alimentație, facem distincție între sursele de fier hem și cele de fier non-hem.

Fierul hem din carne și pește este mai bine absorbit

Anemia feriprivă este foarte frecventă și poate fi cauzată de un aport scăzut de fier

Femeile de vârstă fertilă și femeile însărcinate au o nevoie crescută de fier

An experiment on S. patens and T. angustifolia demonstrates how salinity and competition impact plant dispersal in an estuary.

Learn more about the halophytes with the help of the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/1321850

#SPJ4

Aggregates of materials, either organic or inorganic, within bacterial cells (not membrane-bound) are called inclusions .

Inclusions are stored nutrients/deutoplasmic substances, secretory products, and pigment granules. Examples of inclusions are glycogen granules in the liver and muscle cells, lipid droplets in fat cells, pigment granules in certain cells of skin and hair, and crystals of various types.

to know more about carbohydrates  click here

brainly.com/question/14614055

#SPJ4

Hydrogen bonds between amide protons and carbonyl oxygens is necessary to stabilize a regular folding of protein secondary structure.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and each one has a specific role to play in the complex three-dimensional structure of these biomolecules. One of the key interactions that helps to stabilize protein structure is the hydrogen bond.

Hydrogen bonds between the amide protons and carbonyl oxygens are essential for proper folding of protein secondary structure. These weak bonds help to keep the protein backbone in place, and without them, the protein would simply collapse.

While other interactions, such as hydrophobic interactions, also play a role in protein stabilization, the hydrogen bond is essential for proper protein folding. Without it, proteins would simply be a jumble of amino acids, unable to perform their many vital functions in the cell.

Learn more on hydrogen bond here:

https://brainly.com/question/1420470

#SPJ4

It is difficult for molecules to pass through the phospholipid bilayer because like attracts like. The polar molecules are not able to enter the membrane due to attraction between polar molecules outside the membrane. Likewise, the non-polar molecules are not able to cross the membrane after entering. Therefore, no molecules can cross the membrane.

Phospholipid bilayer is the membrane composed of two layers of lipids surrounding the cell. The polar heads of the lipids are placed on the outer side, whereas the non-polar hydrophobic tails are all placed inside, away from the solvent molecules.

Polar molecules are those that have a positive charge at one end while negative on the other. For example HF is a polar molecule with H being slightly positive and F being slightly negative.

To know more about phospholipid bilayer, here

brainly.com/question/13198012

#SPJ4

The theme behind the use of sugar to power its flight is the transfer and transformation of energy and matter is required for life.

Explain a humming bird.

To learn more about humming bird, refer to:

brainly.com/question/15481501

#SPJ4