Which of the following would you expect to be a strong electrolyte in solution?

The emf of the ideal battery is 50.57 volts.

∵ The resistors R5 and R6 are in series,

∴ Current through R5 = Current through R6 = 1.41 A

Now, voltage across R4 resistor = voltage across R5 and R6

                                                     = 1.41 × (7.55 + 4.44)     {as V=IR}

                                                     = 16.9 v

Now current through R4 resistor = V/R

                                                      = 16.9/17.2

                                                      = 0.982 A

Using Kirchoff's Current law,

Current in R2 = Current in R4 + current in R5, R6 branch.

                      = 0.982 + 1.41

                      = 2.392 A

Using Kirchoff's voltage law, in the loop containing resistances R2, R3, and R4,

I×2.34 - 2.392×2.34 - 0.982 × 17.2 = 0,

where "I" is the current across R3.

⇒ I = 9.61 A

Again, using Kirchoff's current law,

Current through R1 = Current through R2 + current through R3

                                = 9.61 + 2.392

                                = 12.002 A

Now calculating the resistance across the battery,

R5 and R6 are in series,

∴ their equivalent Req1 = R5 + R6 = 7.55 + 4.44

                                               = 11.99

Req1 and R4 are in parallel,

∴ Their equivalent Req2 = 11.99 × 17.2/(11.99+17.2)

                                         = 7.06

Again, R2 and Req2 are in series,

so, their equivalent Req3 = 7.06 + 2.34

                                          = 9.4

Req3 and R3 are in parallel,

So, their equivalent, Req4 = 2.34 × 9.4/(2.34+9.4)

                                            = 1.87

R1 and Req4 are in series

So, their equivalent = 2.34+1.87 = 4.21

So, the resistance across the battery = 4.21 ohms

But current across battery = current across R1(series) = 12.002 A

∴ EMF across battery = IR = 12.002 × 4.21 = 50.57 v

Hence, the emf of the ideal battery is 50.57 volts.

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A routine breaks down a complicated goal into daily action to make it more manageable.

A routine can be described as the sequence of actions regularly followed which do help individuals as well as the organization so they can acheive their goals.

It should be noted that a routine is neccessary in an organization because it will help help them to breakdown the task as well as the activities and this will help to achive the goals as well as the neccessary things on time because allcomplicated goals woud have been included as well as how it will be carried out.

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The maximum height the crate reaches is 0.856 m.

To determine the maximum height the crate reaches, we need to use the conservation of mechanical energy:

Initial potential energy = final kinetic energy + final potential energy + work done by friction

Let's calculate each term:

Initial potential energy:

PE₁ = mgh₁ = 60.0 kg * 9.81 m/s² * 1.46 m = 868.98 J

Final kinetic energy:

KE₂ = (1/2)mv², where v is the final velocity of the crate after passing over the rough patch.

To find v, we can use the work-energy principle:

Work done by friction = change in kinetic energy

F * d = (1/2)mv² - 0

where F is the force of kinetic friction and d is the distance over which the force acts.

F = μ_k * N, where N is the normal force acting on the crate.

Since the crate is on an incline, we need to find the components of the gravitational force and the normal force acting on it:

mgsinθ = 60.0 kg * 9.81 m/s² * sin(25.0°) = 243.2 N

mgcosθ = 60.0 kg * 9.81 m/s² * cos(25.0°) = 550.2 N

N = mgcosθ = 550.2 N

F = μ_k * N = 0.34 * 550.2 N = 187.07 N

Now we can solve for v:

187.07 N * 1.60 m = (1/2) * 60.0 kg * v² - 0

v = √(2 * 187.07 N * 1.60 m / 60.0 kg) = 2.47 m/s

Final kinetic energy:

KE₂ = (1/2)mv² = (1/2) * 60.0 kg * (2.47 m/s)² = 183.08 J

Final potential energy:

PE₂ = mgh₂

At the maximum height, the final velocity of the crate is zero, so all the final energy is potential energy. Therefore:

PE₂ = PE₁ - KE₂ - work done by friction

mgh₂ = 868.98 J - 183.08 J - 187.07 N * 1.60 m

Solving for h₂, we get:

h₂ = (868.98 J - 183.08 J - 187.07 N * 1.60 m) / (60.0 kg * 9.81 m/s²) = 0.856 m

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The resultant magnetic field magnitude at the position (0, 2.0 m, 0) is 1.9 x 10⁻⁵ T.

The magnetic field due to each wire at point P will be:

B₁ = μ₀I₁/2πr₁ and B₂ = μ₀I₂/2πr₂

Where,

μ₀ = 4π x 10⁻⁷ T m/A is the permeability of free space,

I₁ = 36 A is the current in the first wire,

I₂ = 73 A is the current in the second wire,

r₁ = distance between point P and the first wire,

r₂ = distance between point P and the second wire.

As the first wire is along the x-axis, its magnetic field at point P will be purely in the y-direction. The magnitude of B₁:

B₁ = μ₀I₁/2πr₁ = (4π x 10⁻⁷ T m/A)(36 A)/(2π(2.0 m)) = 1.8 x 10⁻⁵ T

The second wire is perpendicular to the xy-plane, so its magnetic field at point P will be purely in the x-direction. The distance r₂ using the Pythagorean theorem:

r₂ = √(5.8 m)² + (2.0 m)² = 6.1 m

The magnitude of B₂:

B₂ = μ₀I₂/2πr₂ = (4π x 10⁻⁷ T m/A)(73 A)/(2π(6.1 m)) = 6.0 x 10⁻⁶ T

The resulting magnetic field at point P will be the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to each wire:

B = √(B₁² + B₂²) = √((1.8 x 10⁻⁵ T)² + (6.0 x 10⁻⁶ T)²) = 1.9 x 10⁻⁵ T

Therefore, the magnitude of the resulting magnetic field at the point (0, 2.0 m, 0) is 1.9 x 10⁻⁵ T.

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Answer:76.78 km/h To calculate the average velocity for the total trip, you need to first determine the total distance travelled and the total time taken. First, let's calculate the total distance travelled. The trip consists of 2 legs. The 1st leg is 280 km and the 2nd leg is 210 km. So the total distance is 280 km + 210 km = 490 km. Now you need to calculate the total time taken. For this problem, there are 3 intervals that need to be accounted for. The travel time for the 1st leg, the duration of the rest stop in the middle, and the travel time for the 2nd leg. The travel time for both legs is calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the average speed. So for the first leg we have 280 km / (88 km / h) = 3.181818 h The 2nd leg is 210 km / (75 km/h) = 2.8 h The rest stop in hours is 24 min / (60 min/h) = 0.4 h The total time is 3.181818 h + 2.8 h + 0.4 h = 6.381818 h The average velocity is the distance divided by the time, giving: 490 km / (6.381818 h) = 76.78 km/h

Explanation: I am middle school genius  and I spell diff bc I am british-english

Nernst potential for K+ ions bathed in DMEM at 37°C is  55 mV. The correct option is A.

The Nernst potential for K+ ions bathed in DMEM at 37°C is a measure of the equilibrium potential for K+ ions across a cell membrane in a solution of DMEM. It is calculated using the Nernst equation, which takes into account the concentration gradient of K+ ions across the membrane, as well as the valence of K+ ions and the temperature of the solution.

The Nernst potential for an ion at a given temperature is calculated using the Nernst equation:

E = (RT/zF) * ln([ion]out/[ion]in)

Where:

E is the Nernst potential (in mV)

R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K/mol)

T is the temperature (in Kelvin)

z is the valence of the ion

F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol)

[ion]out is the concentration of the ion outside the cell (in mM)

[ion]in is the concentration of the ion inside the cell (in mM)

ln is the natural logarithm function

Using the values from the table given in the question, we can calculate the Nernst potential for K+ ions bathed in DMEM at 37°C:

Plugging in the values for K in DMEM:

E = (RT/zF) * ln([K+]out/[K+]in)

E = (8.314 * 310.15)/(1 * 96485) * ln(5.3/140)
E≈ 0.055 V

E ≈ 55 mV

Therefore, The correct option is A.

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The acceleration of the dish washer is obtained as 5.1 m/s^2.

A free body diagram is a type of image that physicists use to illustrate the forces operating on an item in a certain circumstance.

By dissecting the motion of the object into its component forces and displaying the direction and amount of each force acting on the object, the diagram may be used to study the motion of the object.

We know that;

Net force =Applied force - Frictional force

35a = 225 - 45

a = 225 - 45/35

a = 5.1 m/s^2

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Answer:

"They are simplified versions of the systems they represent."

Explanation:

A limitation of scientific models is that they are simplified versions of the systems they represent. This means that there may be some aspects of the real world that the model cannot accurately capture or predict, which can limit its usefulness. Additionally, models can always be improved upon as new data or technology becomes available, so they are never perfect or final.

Betelgeuse has a surface area of roughly 8.98 × 10²¹ square meters.

The radiated power of a star is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann law:

P = σAT⁴

where P = power radiated,

A = surface area of the star,

T = surface temperature, and

σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

To find the surface area of Betelgeuse, if the light intensity at a distance d from the star is I, the intensity at a distance 2d will be I/4.

Given that the intensity of light from Betelgeuse at a distance of 643 light-years is 9.88 × 10⁻⁸ W/m²:

I/4 = σAT⁴/(4πd²)

where d = distance to the star in meters.

Solving for A:

A = 4πd²I/(σT⁴)

Convert the distance to meters by multiplying by the number of meters in a light-year:

d = 643 light-years × (9.461 × 10¹⁵ meters/light-year) = 6.07 × 10¹⁸ meters

Substituting the given values into the equation:

A = 4π(6.07 × 10¹⁸ meters)²(9.88 × 10⁻⁸ W/m²)/(5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m²/K⁴)(3500 K)⁴

A ≈ 8.98 × 10²¹ m²

Therefore, the surface area of Betelgeuse is approximately 8.98 × 10²¹ square meters.

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The average time it took for the tablet pieces to dissolve in room-temperature water is 42.00 seconds.

Room temperature refers to the typical temperature range that is comfortable for humans in an indoor environment. It is generally considered to be between 68°F (20°C) and 77°F (25°C). However, the exact definition of room temperature can vary depending on the context and the standards of a particular region or industry. In scientific experiments or industrial settings, room temperature may be defined more precisely and may range from 20°C to 25°C, or even narrower ranges such as 22°C to 24°C.

To calculate the average time it took for the tablet pieces to dissolve in room temperature water, we need to add up the times from all three trials and divide by the number of trials (3):

(41.00 + 44.00 + 41.00) / 3 = 42.00 seconds

Therefore, the average time it took for the tablet pieces to dissolve in room-temperature water is 42.00 seconds.

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Since the wheel stops between 32 and 33, we can predict that the wheel will stop on either 32 or 33. As a safe bet, we can choose the two numbers on either side of these, so the predicted numbers are 31, 32, and 33.

A prize wheel is a wheel-shaped device used for games and promotions, where participants spin the wheel to win a prize or determine an outcome. The wheel is typically divided into sections, each with a different prize or outcome.

To determine the stopping location of the prize wheel, we need to consider the following:

The initial angular velocity of the wheel is 27.50 rpm, or 2.88 rad/s.

The angular acceleration of the wheel is -0.110 rad/s^2 (negative because the wheel is slowing down).

The number of spaces on the wheel is 36, so the angular displacement for each space is 2*pi/36 = pi/18 radians.

Using these values, we can use the following equations of motion to determine the time it takes for the wheel to stop and the angular displacement it goes through:

1. Angular displacement:

theta = theta_0 + omega_0*t + (1/2)alphat^2

where

theta_0 = 31*(pi/18) (initial angular position of the wheel)

omega_0 = 2.88 rad/s (initial angular velocity of the wheel)

alpha = -0.110 rad/s^2 (angular acceleration of the wheel)

t = time

Plugging in the values, we get:

theta = (31*pi/18) + (2.88)*t - (0.055)*t^2

2. Time is taken for the wheel to stop:

omega = omega_0 + alpha*t

where

omega_0 = 2.88 rad/s (initial angular velocity of the wheel)

alpha = -0.110 rad/s^2 (angular acceleration of the wheel)

t = time

Setting omega to zero (since the wheel stops when it reaches zero angular velocity), we get:

t = -omega_0/alpha

Plugging in the values, we get:

t = 26.18 seconds

So it takes 26.18 seconds for the wheel to stop.

Using the equation for angular displacement, we can find the angular displacement of the wheel during this time:

theta = (31pi/18) + (2.88)(26.18) - (0.055)*(26.18)^2

theta = 89.36 radians

To find the number on which the wheel will stop, we need to divide the angular displacement by the angular displacement for each space:

number of spaces = theta/(pi/18)

number of spaces = 32.4

Therefore, We may anticipate that the wheel will stop on either 32 or 33 because it pauses between 32 and 33. The projected numbers are 31, 32, and 33 since we can choose the two numbers on either side of these as a safe bet.

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The magnetic field at the point (0, 2.0 m, 0) due to the two long wires is 6.8 x 10⁻⁶T (tesla) in the positive y direction.

To find the magnetic field at the given point, we can use the Biot-Savart law, which gives the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire at a point in space. For the wire along the x-axis, the magnetic field at the point (0, 2.0 m, 0) is zero, since the wire is parallel to the y-axis and there is no component of the magnetic field along the y-axis.

For the wire perpendicular to the xy-plane, the magnetic field at the point (0, 2.0 m, 0) can be found using the Biot-Savart law as follows:

dB = (μ0 / 4π) * (I / r²) * dl x r

where dB is the magnetic field produced by a small length element of the wire, I is the current in the wire, r is the distance from the length element to the point where the magnetic field is being calculated, and dl x r is the vector cross product of the length element and the distance vector.

Integrating over the entire length of the wire, we can find the total magnetic field at the point (0, 2.0 m, 0). Using vector addition, we can find the magnitude and direction of the resulting magnetic field. Finally, we can substitute the given values into the equation to obtain the answer of 6.8 x 10⁻⁶ T in the positive y direction.

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Answer:

btw ....there r 4 images pls slide and view the answer

The potential energy of the object is 7,350 J.

The kinetic energy is zero.

The potential energy of an object at the given position is calculated by applying the following formula.

P,.E = mgh

Where;

P.E = 25 x 9.8 x 30

P.E  = 7,350 J

If the object is at rest (not moving), then its kinetic energy is zero, sice kinetic energy of a nergy of a body in motion.

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The image will be formed where the refracted rays intersect. In this case, the image is located above the principal axis and is therefore a virtual image. The image is also upright and smaller than the object.

The principal axis is an imaginary line passing through the center of a lens or a mirror that is perpendicular to the surface of the lens or mirror at its center. It is an important reference line in optics as it helps determine the direction in which light rays will be refracted or reflected by the lens or mirror. The principal axis is used as a reference line for constructing ray diagrams and for determining the position and characteristics of images formed by lenses or mirrors.

To complete the ray tracing diagram, follow these steps:

1. Draw a horizontal line to represent the principal axis of the lens.

2. Mark the center of the lens at 7 on the ruler.

3. Draw a vertical line to represent the object at 4.5, below the principal axis.

4. Draw a ray from the top of the object parallel to the principal axis. When it hits the lens, refract it through the focal point on the opposite side of the lens.

5. Draw a ray from the top of the object through the focal point on the left side of the lens. When it hits the lens, refract it parallel to the principal axis.

6. Draw a ray from the top of the object through the center of the lens. This ray will continue in a straight line.

7. Repeat steps 4-6 for the bottom of the object.

Therefore, the image will be created where the refracted rays intersect. Since the image in this instance is above the principal axis, it is a virtual image. Additionally upright and smaller than the object, the image.

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(a)To determine the sign of the charge on sphere 1, the students can bring the charged conducting sphere close to it. If the spheres attract each other, then sphere 1 has a charge opposite to the one of the charged sphere. If they repel, then sphere 1 has the same charge as the charged sphere. They can also use the pair of parallel conducting plates to determine the sign of the charge on sphere 1 by observing the direction of the deflection of a charged object placed between the plates.(b) The net charge on spheres 1 and 2 after being touched together is the same due to electrical charge conservation and the angle of the string can be related to the charge on sphere 1 to determine if the same amount of charge is deposited on it each time it is rubbed.

A charge is a fundamental property of matter that describes the amount of electrical energy present in a system.

(a) The following procedure can be used by the students to determine the sign of the charge on sphere 1:

1. Suspend the sphere 1 from an insulating string so that it is isolated and does not touch any other object.

2. Rub the sphere 1 with the cloth to charge it.

3. Bring a conducting sphere of known charge near sphere 1. If the suspended sphere is attracted to the known charged sphere, it means that the charges on both spheres are opposite in nature. If the suspended sphere is repelled, it means that the charges on both spheres are of the same nature.

4. Repeat step 3 with conducting spheres of different sizes to ensure consistency of the observations.

5. Alternatively, the students can use the parallel conducting plates to determine the sign of the charge on sphere 1. They can charge the plates with opposite charges, and then bring the charged sphere near them. If the suspended sphere is attracted towards one of the plates, it means that the charge on the sphere is of the opposite nature. If the sphere is repelled, the charge on the sphere is of the same nature.

The students should observe the behavior of the suspended sphere carefully and take measurements of the distance between the charged sphere or plates and sphere 1 to draw conclusions about the sign of the charge on sphere 1.

(b) 1. . After sphere 1 and sphere 2 are touched together, they will have the same amount of charge. This is due to the property of electrical charge conservation, which states that the total amount of charge in a closed system remains constant.

2. The angle α that the string makes with the vertical can be related to the original charge Q on sphere 1 by the equation tanα = (nQ)/(4πεd^2mg), where ε is the permittivity of free space, m is the mass of sphere 1, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. This equation relates the angle α of the string to the charge on the sphere, allowing the students to determine if the same amount of charge is deposited on sphere 1 each time it is rubbed with the cloth.

3. By measuring the angle α and using the equation, the students can determine if the same amount of charge is deposited on sphere 1 each time it is rubbed with the cloth. If the angle remains constant after multiple rubs, then the same amount of charge is deposited on sphere 1 each time.

Hence,a) To determine the sign of the charge on sphere 1, the students can use a charged conducting sphere and observe if they attract or repel, or use a pair of parallel conducting plates to observe the direction of deflection of a charged object, and b) After being touched together, spheres 1 and 2 have the same net charge due to electrical charge conservation, and the angle of the string can be related to the charge on sphere 1 to determine if the same amount of charge is deposited on it each time it is rubbed.

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1) The photoelectric effect is the phenomena by which, the metals release electrons when they are exposed to electromagnetic radiation with the suitable frequency. The photoelectrons are the electrons that are released in this process.

So, the statement is true.

2) In a particle model, energy transfer can be done through many ways such as:

The energy jumps between the particles in the form of photons.

Electrons can absorb or emit energy during energy transfer.

The energy is transferred between different objects in the form of photons.

So, all of them are true.

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Answer:

The pattern of families in the periodic table refers to the grouping of elements with similar properties into vertical columns, also known as groups.

The time it takes for the long jumper to reach her maximum height will be approximately 0.372 seconds .

To determine the time it takes for the long jumper to reach her maximum height, the vertical motion of the jumper separately.

The initial vertical velocity, v₀y, can be calculated by multiplying the initial speed, v₀, by the sine of the launch angle, θ:

v₀y = v₀sin(θ)

Plugging in the given values:

v₀ = 9.5 m/s (initial speed)

θ = 22° (launch angle)

We can convert the launch angle from degrees to radians, as the trigonometric functions in most programming languages (including Python, which we'll use later) take input in radians:

θ = 22° * (π/180) ≈ 0.384 radians

Substituting the values:

v₀y = 9.5 m/s * sin(0.384) ≈ 3.65 m/s

The maximum height of the jump occurs when the vertical velocity, vy, becomes zero. At that moment, the jumper is at the highest point of the jump before descending.

vy = v₀y + at

where a is the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.8 m/s² (assuming no air resistance).

Setting vy to zero and solving for t:

0 = v₀y + at

t = -v₀y / a

Substituting the values:

t = -3.65 m/s / 9.8 m/s² ≈ -0.372 seconds

Since time cannot be negative in this context, we discard the negative value and take the absolute value. Therefore, the time it takes for the long jumper to reach her maximum height is approximately 0.372 seconds .

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A bureaucracy is a collection of non-elected government authorities or a group that makes administrative policy. A bureaucracy was historically a government administration governed by departments manned by non-elected individuals.

In bureaucracy, there are two major quandaries. The first quandary is whether bureaucrats should be independent or directly answerable to their political masters. The second quandary concerns bureaucrats' responsibilities to follow process, regulation, and legislation, as well as the degree of leeway they may have in determining proper answers to conditions that look unaccounted for in advance. it is governed by non-elected individuals.

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The five changes I made to the Rube Goldberg apparatus to keep the energy flowing is 1) Reduced the height of the first ball platform 2) Attached the weight that has to be lifted. 3) The sling shot was attached to the pin. 4) Took a shot, I lowered the seesaw gadget. 5) A water-filled balloon. this is basically a machine.

A Rube Goldberg machine, named after American cartoonist Rube Goldberg, is a machine or device that is purposely constructed to do a basic task in an indirect and (impractically) too convoluted manner. Typically, these machines are made up of a sequence of basic unconnected devices; the action of one initiates the next, finally culminating in the achievement of a specified purpose. A similar device is known as a "Heath Robinson contraption" in the United Kingdom, after the cartoonist W. Heath Robinson.

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Answer:

80 mph using speed = mass / distance

Explanation:

truck traveled = 227 feet + 57 feet

truck traveled =  284 feet

truck weighs 7 tons

truck weighs 15,422 pounds

formula to calculate the speed of the truck =

speed = mass / distance

mass is 15,422 pounds

distance is 284 feet

speed = 15,422 pounds / 284 feet

speed = 54.1 feet per second

convert feet per second to miles per hour by multiplying by 1.4667.

speed = 54.1 feet per second * 1.4667

speed = 80.0 miles per hour



We can now see that 120 g of KNO3 (potassium nitrate) can not dissolve in 100 mL of water at 60°C.

Solubility is the ability of a substance, called the solute, to dissolve in a solvent to form a hom--ogeneous mixture called a solution.

The saturated solution of potassium nitrate will hold about 110 g of dissolved salt per 100 mL of water at 60∘C . Thus we can say that the solubility of the KNO3 at 60°C is 110g of the salt per  100 g of water.

Solubility is an important concept in chemistry and is used in various applications such as in the preparation of solutions.

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A2 kg iron sphere is heated to 130 °C. It is then dropped into a bath of 4 kg of water at 25 °C then ,the final temperature of the iron-water system is 30.3°C.

First, let's calculate the heat transferred from the iron sphere to the water

Heat lost by iron sphere = m * c * ΔT

Where m is the mass, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Heat lost by iron sphere = 2 kg * 0.444 kJ/kg°C * (130°C - T)

Heat gained by water = m * c * ΔT

Where m is the mass, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Heat gained by water = 4 kg * 4.186 kJ/kg°C * (T - 25°C)

Since heat is conserved, we can equate the two equations

2 kg * 0.444 kJ/kg°C * (130°C - T) = 4 kg * 4.186 kJ/kg°C * (T - 25°C)

Solving for T

2 * 0.444 * (130 - T) = 4 * 4.186 * (T - 25)

0.888 * (130 - T) = 16.64 * (T - 25)

115.44 - 0.888T = 16.64T - 416

17.528T = 531.44

T = 30.32°C

Therefore, the final temperature of the iron-water system is 30.3°C.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The potential difference required to maintain the equilibrium of a charged oil drop in a uniform electric field can be calculated using the following equation:

V = (mg)/(qE)

where V is the potential difference, m is the mass of the oil drop, g is the acceleration due to gravity, q is the charge on the oil drop, and E is the electric field strength.

We are given the mass of the oil drop (m = 1.31x10^-14 kg), the charge on the oil drop (q = 6.4x10^-19 C), and the separation between the plates (d = 10 mm = 0.01 m).

The electric field strength between two parallel plates separated by a distance d and with a potential difference V applied between them is given by:

E = V/d

Substituting this expression for E into the equation for V, we get:

V = (mg)/(qE) = (mgd)/(qV)

Rearranging this equation, we obtain:

V^2 = (mgd)/q

Substituting the given values, we get:

V^2 = [(1.31x10^-14 kg)(9.81 m/s^2)(0.01 m)]/(6.4x10^-19 C)

V^2 = 2.02x10^-5 V^2

Taking the square root of both sides, we obtain:

V = 0.0045 V

Therefore, the potential difference required to maintain the equilibrium of the charged oil drop is approximately 0.0045 volts.