Among the product development strategies you've listed, the one with the highest product development risk is: a. New internally developed products
This strategy has the highest risk because it requires the company to invest resources in creating a completely new product, without any external assistance or proven market success. The uncertainties associated with the development process, such as cost overruns, delays, and potential failure to meet consumer needs, contribute to the higher risk compared to other strategies like joint ventures, acquisitions, technology purchases, and alliances, which typically involve collaborating with or leveraging existing resources from other companies.
A product development strategy is the process of introducing a new product into an existing or new market by doing ongoing market research, extensive testing, and rigorous product idea preparation. It might also refer to introducing a current product into a new market.
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Among the listed product development strategies, the highest product development risk is associated with new internally developed products (option A).
This approach involves creating a completely new product from scratch, which can be both time-consuming and resource-intensive. Developing a new product in-house requires a significant investment in research and development, as well as a thorough understanding of the market and customer needs.
In comparison, joint ventures (option B), acquiring the developer (option C), purchasing technology (option D), and forming alliances (option E) all involve collaborating or acquiring resources from external sources, thereby reducing some of the risks associated with product development. These strategies allow companies to leverage the expertise, technology, or market presence of their partners, making the development process more efficient and increasing the chances of success.
However, it is important to note that each of these strategies has its own set of risks and challenges. The success of any product development strategy ultimately depends on factors such as market demand, effective management of resources, and the ability to adapt to changing market conditions.
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If n - 320 and P (p-hat) - 0.65, construct a 99% confidence interval. Give your answers to three decimals
To construct a 99% confidence interval for the population proportion, we can use the following formula:
CI = p-hat ± zsqrt(p-hat(1-p-hat)/n)
where CI is the confidence interval, z is the z-score corresponding to the confidence level (99% confidence level corresponds to z = 2.576), p-hat is the sample proportion, and n is the sample size.
Substituting the given values, we get:
CI = 0.65 ± 2.576sqrt(0.65(1-0.65)/320)
CI = 0.65 ± 0.083
Therefore, the 99% confidence interval for the population proportion is (0.567, 0.733), rounded to three decimals.
To construct a 99% confidence interval for the proportion with the given information, n = 320 and P-hat = 0.65, we'll use the formula:
CI = P-hat ± Z * sqrt((P-hat * (1 - P-hat)) / n)
First, we need to find the Z-score for a 99% confidence interval. Using a Z-table or calculator, we find that the Z-score is approximately 2.576.
Next, we'll calculate the standard error:
SE = sqrt((0.65 * (1 - 0.65)) / 320)
SE ≈ 0.027
Now, we'll calculate the margin of error:
ME = Z * SE
ME ≈ 2.576 * 0.027
ME ≈ 0.070
Finally, we'll construct the confidence interval:
CI = 0.65 ± 0.070
The lower limit is:
LL = 0.65 - 0.070
LL ≈ 0.580
The upper limit is:
UL = 0.65 + 0.070
UL ≈ 0.720
So, the 99% confidence interval for the proportion is (0.580, 0.720), rounded to three decimal places.
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When you own a sole proprietorship you and the business are considered one, so you have ______ liability for financial obligations such as debt.
When you own a sole proprietorship, the business and the owner are considered as one legal entity. Therefore, the owner has unlimited liability for the financial obligations of the business.
This means that the owner's personal assets, including their savings account, house, and car, can be used to pay off any debts or legal obligations that the business may incur. For example, if a sole proprietorship incurs a debt, the creditor can take legal action against the owner and seize their personal assets to repay the debt. Similarly, if the business faces a lawsuit, the owner will be personally responsible for any damages awarded to the plaintiff.
This unlimited liability can be a significant disadvantage of a sole proprietorship as it puts the owner's personal finances at risk. It is essential for sole proprietors to carefully manage their finances and take steps to limit their liability, such as obtaining insurance and incorporating their business. In summary, owning a sole proprietorship means that the owner has unlimited liability for the financial obligations of the business, which can have serious consequences for their personal finances.
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Businesses have responded to the increase in single-parent households by:
Businesses have responded to the increase in single-parent households by implementation of programs like flextime and family leaves.
Flexible hours benefits single parents. For parents with young children, their work timing can be made in tune with the baby's sleep time. Single parents can take leaves for specific family and medical reasons.
Single moms in workplaces need time off their work to pick up their kids or drop them to school. Or to take them to an appointment with a doctor, attend parent-teacher meet, etc. Employers are embracing the idea of giving more leaves and flexible working time to single parents.
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when controlling shareholders conduct activities that enrich the controlling shareholders at the expense of the minority shareholders, they are engaging in
When controlling shareholders conduct activities that benefit themselves at the expense of minority shareholders, they are engaging in "opportunistic behavior" or "self-dealing."
Such behavior is typically seen in companies with a concentrated ownership structure, where a small group of shareholders hold a majority of the voting power and can make decisions that disproportionately benefit themselves.
This can include transactions that transfer wealth or assets to the controlling shareholders, such as paying excessive executive compensation or dividends, engaging in related-party transactions at inflated prices, or engaging in asset-stripping or asset-transfer activities.
Such behavior can harm minority shareholders by reducing the value of their investments and undermining the company's long-term prospects.
Legal and regulatory measures can be used to protect minority shareholders from such opportunistic behavior, such as fiduciary duties for controlling shareholders, disclosure requirements, and shareholder rights and protections.
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Which step in the marketing research process involves the use of data analysis and statistical techniques to help draw conclusions?
a) Locating and defining problems or research issues
b) Developing hypotheses
c) Collecting data
d) Interpreting research findings
e) Reporting research findings
The step in the marketing research process that involves the use of data analysis and statistical techniques to help draw conclusions is option D: Interpreting research findings. Once data has been collected and organized, the next step is to analyze the data and draw conclusions.
This is where statistical techniques and data analysis come into play. Through the use of statistical tools, researchers can identify patterns, correlations, and trends within the data. They can also test the hypotheses that were developed in the previous step to determine if they are supported by the data. Once the data has been analyzed and conclusions have been drawn, the research findings are then interpreted. The interpretation involves taking the results of the analysis and translating them into actionable insights that can be used to make informed business decisions. This step is crucial as it ensures that the data collected is not just a collection of numbers but rather provides insights that can be used to drive business decisions. Finally, the research findings are reported to stakeholders, which is the last step in the marketing research process.
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Dorothy acquired a 100% interest in two passive activities: Activity A in January 2015 and Activity B in 2016. Through 2018, Activity A was profitable, but it produced losses of $200,000 in 2019 and $100,000 in 2020. Dorothy has passive activity income from Activity B of $20,000 in 2019 and $40,000 in 2020. After offsetting passive activity income, how much of the net losses may she deduct? In 2019, Dorothy may deduct ________ of the net passive activity losses and has $180,000 of passive activity losses suspended. In 2020, Dorothy may deduct ________ of the net passive activity losses and has total suspended losses carried forward to 2021 of $240,000.
In 2019, Dorothy can deduct up to $20,000 of the net passive activity losses from Activity A and In 2020, Dorothy can deduct up to $40,000 of the net passive activity losses from Activity A.
According to the IRS passive activity loss rules, a taxpayer can only deduct passive activity losses to the extent of passive activity income earned during that tax year.
Any excess loss is suspended and can be carried forward to future tax years. In this scenario, Dorothy acquired Activity A in January 2015 and Activity B in 2016.
Activity A produced profits through 2018 but incurred losses of $200,000 in 2019 and $100,000 in 2020. Activity B produced passive activity income of $20,000 in 2019 and $40,000 in 2020.
In 2019, Dorothy can deduct up to $20,000 of the net passive activity losses from Activity A since she has $20,000 of passive activity income from Activity B to offset it. The remaining $180,000 of the losses are suspended and can be carried forward to future tax years.
In 2020, Dorothy can deduct up to $40,000 of the net passive activity losses from Activity A since she has $40,000 of passive activity income from Activity B.
The remaining $60,000 of losses cannot be deducted in 2020 and will be added to the suspended losses carried forward from 2019, resulting in a total of $240,000 of suspended losses carried forward to 2021.
It is important to note that these suspended losses may be used to offset future passive activity income, and if there is no passive activity income, they may be deducted in full when the passive activity is sold or otherwise disposed of.
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Hornet Products, Inc., summarizes the following data for the first year of operations ... $7,000,000 1,100,000 707,500 Sales (# of units sold: 100,000 units) Production costs (# of units produced: 102,250 units): Direct materials............ Direct labor Manufacturing overhead: Variable............... Fixed.............. Operating expenses: Variable......... Fixed............ 1,260,000 1,022,500 560,000 640,000 Under variable costing, what is Cost of Goods Sold of the Hornet's first year of operations? O $3,067,500 O $3,000,000 O $4,090,000 O $4,000,000
Under variable costing, Cost of Goods Sold for Hornet's first year of operations is $3,067,500. So, correct answer is $3,067,500.
To calculate Cost of goods sold for hornet's first year of operation?Under variable costing, Cost of Goods Sold for Hornet's first year of operations is $3,067,500.
This is calculated by adding the direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead costs for the number of units sold (100,000 units) which equals $3,067,500. Fixed manufacturing overhead costs are not included in Cost of Goods Sold under variable costing. Therefore, correct answer is $3,067,500.
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An instrument reads as follows:$10,000 Ludlow, Vermont February 1, 1993I promise to pay to the order of Custer Corp.$1 0 , 0 0 0 within 1 0 days after the sale of my twocarat diamond ring. I pledge the sale proceeds to secure my obligation hereunder.R. HarrisWhich of the following statements correctly describesthe above instrument?A. The instrument is nonnegotiable because it is not payable at a definite time.B. The instrument is nonnegotiable because it is secured by the proceeds of the sale of thering.C. The instrument is a negotiable promissorynote.D. The instrument is a negotiable sight draftpayable on demand.
The correct statement that describes the above instrument is the instrument is nonnegotiable because it is not payable at a definite time.
The correct option is A
Explanation: This instrument is a promissory note since it contains an unconditional promise to pay a certain sum of money to the order of Custer Corp.
However, it is nonnegotiable due to its lack of a definite time for payment.
The payment is contingent on the sale of the two-carat diamond ring, which means it is not a fixed date or specific time frame, making it nonnegotiable.
In order for an instrument to be negotiable, it must be payable at a definite time or on demand. In this case, since the payment relies on the sale of the ring, it does not meet the criteria for negotiability.
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utilizing the following information, calculate the housing expense ratio. monthly principal and interest on mortgage loan: $635 monthly tax and insurance payments into escrow: $125 gross monthly income: $2,500
The housing expense ratio is (d) 30.4%. This means that the borrower's housing expenses represent 30.4% of their gross monthly income. Lenders typically prefer this ratio to be below 28%.
The housing expense ratio is a calculation that lenders use to determine the affordability of a mortgage payment for a borrower. It is calculated by dividing the total housing expense by the gross monthly income of the borrower.
In this case, the total housing expense is the sum of the monthly principal and interest on the mortgage loan plus the monthly tax and insurance payments into escrow, which is $635 + $125 = $760.
To calculate the housing expense ratio, we divide the total housing expense by the gross monthly income of $2,500 and multiply by 100 to express the result as a percentage:
Housing expense ratio = (total housing expense / gross monthly income) x 100
Housing expense ratio = ($760 / $2,500) x 100
Housing expense ratio = 0.304 x 100
Housing expense ratio = 30.4%
Therefore, the correct answer is (d) 30.4%. This means that the borrower's housing expenses represent 30.4% of their gross monthly income.
Lenders typically prefer this ratio to be below 28% to ensure that the borrower can afford the mortgage payment without undue financial strain.
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Complete Question:
Utilizing the following information, calculate the housing expense ratio. monthly principal and interest on mortgage loan: $635 monthly tax and insurance payments into escrow: $125 gross monthly income: $2,500.
Multiple Choice:
a. 53.2%
b. 25.4%
c. 44.4%
d. 30.4%
Question 6 3 pts Stunning Corporation has provided the following data concerning its only product: Selling Price........... $200 per unit Current sales......... 15,000 units Break Even Sales....... 11,500 units What is the margin of safety in dollars?
The margin of safety in dollars for Stunning Corporation is $700,000.
Margin of safety is the difference between the actual sales and the break-even sales.
Actual sales = 15,000 units
Break-even sales = 11,500 units
Therefore, the margin of safety in units is:
Margin of safety = Actual sales - Break-even sales
= 15,000 - 11,500
= 3,500 units
To calculate the margin of safety in dollars, we need to multiply the margin of safety in units by the selling price per unit:
Margin of safety in dollars = Margin of safety in units x Selling price per unit
= 3,500 x $200
= $700,000
Therefore, the margin of safety in dollars for Stunning Corporation is $700,000.
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A systematic evaluation of a company's progress toward implementing socially responsible program is known as a(n)
A systematic evaluation of a company's progress toward implementing socially responsible programs is known as a sustainability audit or social responsibility audit.
This type of audit is conducted to assess a company's performance in areas such as environmental sustainability, social impact, ethical conduct, and economic viability. The audit process typically involves reviewing the company's policies and practices, conducting interviews with stakeholders, and assessing the company's impact on the environment, society, and economy. The goal of a sustainability audit is to identify areas for improvement and develop strategies to enhance the company's overall social responsibility performance.
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Full employment means 94-96 percent of the working force is employed.
True
False
True. Full employment is generally defined as a situation where the majority of people who are able and willing to work are employed.
The exact percentage of the working force that needs to be employed to achieve full employment can vary depending on the country and the specific economic conditions. However, most economists agree that a rate of around 94-96 percent is indicative of full employment. When the rate of unemployment is this low, it is generally believed that most people who want to work are able to find jobs. This can be beneficial for the economy, as it can lead to increased productivity and consumer spending. However, it is important to note that even in situations of full employment, there may still be some level of unemployment due to factors such as people transitioning between jobs or being temporarily out of work.
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Job Costs At the end of August, Carrothers Company had completed Jobs 50 and 56. Job 50 is for 500 units, and Job 56 Is for 200 units. The following data relate to these two jobs: On August 4, raw materials were requisitioned for production as follows: 700 units for Job 50 at $18 per unit and 1,200 units for Job 56 at $24 per unit During August, Carrothers Company accumulated 700 hours of direct labor costs on Job 50 and 600 hours on Job 56. The total direct labor was incurred at a rate of $16 per direct labor hour for Job 50 and $20 per direct labor hour for Job 56, The predetermined factory overhead rate is $7.00 per direct labor hour. a. Determine the balance on the job cont sheets for Jobs 50 and 56 at the end of August Job 50 Job 56 b. Determine the cost per unit for Jobs 50 and 52 at the end of August. If required, round your answers to the nearest cent. Job 50 Job 56
The balance on the job cost sheets for Jobs 50 and 56 at the end of August are $28,700 and $45,000, respectively. The cost per unit for Jobs 50 and 56 at the end of August are $57.40 per unit and $225 per unit, respectively.
a. To determine the balance on the job cost sheets for Jobs 50 and 56 at the end of August, we need to calculate the total cost incurred for each job.
For Job 50:
Raw materials cost = 700 units x $18 = $12,600
Direct labor cost = 700 hours x $16 per hour = $11,200
Factory overhead cost = 700 hours x $7 per hour = $4,900
Total cost for Job 50 = $12,600 + $11,200 + $4,900 = $28,700
For Job 56:
Raw materials cost = 1,200 units x $24 = $28,800
Direct labor cost = 600 hours x $20 per hour = $12,000
Factory overhead cost = 600 hours x $7 per hour = $4,200
Total cost for Job 56 = $28,800 + $12,000 + $4,200 = $45,000
Therefore, the balance on the job cost sheets for Jobs 50 and 56 at the end of August are:
Job 50 = $28,700
Job 56 = $45,000
b. To determine the cost per unit for Jobs 50 and 56 at the end of August, we need to divide the total cost of each job by the number of units produced.
For Job 50:
Cost per unit = Total cost / Number of units = $28,700 / 500 units = $57.40 per unit
For Job 56:
Cost per unit = Total cost / Number of units = $45,000 / 200 units = $225 per unit
Therefore, the cost per unit for Jobs 50 and 56 at the end of August are:
Job 50 = $57.40 per unit
Job 56 = $225 per unit
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Calculate the appropriate base stock level if kabs is to meet their stockout probability requirement
By considering demand and lead time variability, as well as service level requirements, KABS can determine an appropriate base stock level.
The appropriate base stock level for KABS can be calculated using the formula: Base Stock Level = Safety Stock + (Lead Time Demand x Service Level).
To determine the safety stock, KABS should consider factors such as demand variability, lead time variability, and service level. A common approach is to use the square root of the lead time demand variance multiplied by a Z-score that corresponds to the desired service level.
For example, if KABS wants a service level of 95% and the lead time demand variance is 100 units, the Z-score would be 1.64 (obtained from a standard normal distribution table). If the lead time demand is 50 units, the safety stock would be 82 units (square root of 100 x 1.64).
Adding the safety stock to the lead time demand gives the base stock level. So, if KABS has a lead time demand of 50 units and a safety stock of 82 units, the base stock level would be 132 units.
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Question 4 [25 marks] (a) Describe the FOUR (4) types of intellectual property rights that can be protected under the law. Provide an example for each type of intellectual property rights. [16 marks] (b) Discuss any THREE (3) technology-related health risks and social issues that technology has created to the society. [9 marks)
(a) The four types of intellectual property rights that can be protected under the law are:
1. Patents - Patents protect inventions or discoveries. An example of a patent is the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell.
2. Copyrights - Copyrights protect original works of authorship such as books, music, and software. An example of copyright is J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.
3. Trademarks - Trademarks protect brand names, logos, and symbols that distinguish a company's products from others. An example of a trademark is the Nike swoosh symbol.
4. Trade secrets - Trade secrets protect confidential business information such as formulas, designs, and processes. An example of a trade secret is the recipe for Coca-Cola.
(b) Three technology-related health risks and social issues that technology has created in society are:
1. Cyberbullying
2. Addiction
3. Privacy and security concerns
(a)
1. Patents - Patents are exclusive rights granted to inventors to prevent others from making, using, or selling their inventions without permission. For example, a pharmaceutical company may hold a patent for a new medication that they have developed.
2. Trademarks - Trademarks are symbols, names, or other distinctive features that identify and distinguish a company's products from others in the marketplace. For example, the Nike "swoosh" logo is a trademark that identifies their products.
3. Copyrights - Copyrights are legal protections given to authors and creators of original works, such as books, music, films, and computer programs. For example, a musician may hold a copyright for their new album.
4. Trade secrets - Trade secrets are confidential business information that provides a company with a competitive advantage. For example, the secret recipe for Coca-Cola is a trade secret that gives the company a competitive advantage over other soft drink manufacturers.
(b)
1. Cyberbullying - Technology has enabled bullies to use social media, instant messaging, and other online platforms to harass and intimidate others. Cyberbullying can have severe emotional and psychological effects on victims, and can even lead to physical harm.
2. Addiction - Technology addiction, such as internet addiction, can have negative effects on mental health, relationships, and academic or professional performance. It can also lead to physical issues such as eye strain and back pain.
3. Privacy concerns - Technology has made it easier for personal information to be collected and shared without consent, leading to privacy concerns. For example, social media platforms collect data on users' behaviors and preferences to target ads to them, but this can be seen as an invasion of privacy.
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Cost (at purchase date) Fair Value (at December 31) Investment in Arroyo Company stock $107.000 $88,000 Investment in Lee Corporation stock 230,000 278,000 Investment in Woods Inc. stock 190,000 200,000 Total $527,000 $566,000 (Assume a zero balance for any Fair Value Adjustment account.) (
a) What entry would Indigo make at December 31, 2020, to record the investment in Arroyo Company stock if it chooses to report this security using the fair value option? b.What entry would Indigo make at December 31, 2020, to record the investments in the Lee and Woods corporations, assuming that Indigo did not select the fair value option for these investments?
The fair value of the Woods Inc. stock increased from $190,000 to $200,000.
a. If Indigo chooses to report the investment in Arroyo Company stock using the fair value option, it would make the following entry at December 31, 2020:
Debit: Investment in Arroyo Company stock (fair value) $88,000
Credit: Unrealized loss on investment in Arroyo Company stock $19,000
Credit: Investment in Arroyo Company stock (cost) $107,000
This entry reflects the decrease in fair value from the purchase date to December 31, 2020, resulting in an unrealized loss on the investment.
b. If Indigo did not select the fair value option for the investments in the Lee and Woods corporations, it would make the following entry at December 31, 2020:
No entry is required, as the investments would continue to be reported at their cost of $230,000 and $190,000, respectively. The fair value of the Lee Corporation stock increased from $230,000 to $278,000, but since Indigo did not select the fair value option, this increase would not be recognized in its financial statements. Similarly, the fair value of the Woods Inc. stock increased from $190,000 to $200,000, but this increase would also not be recognized.
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Linda is self-employed and spends $600 for business meals and $1,000 for business entertainment in 2014. What is Linda allowed to deduct in 2014 for these expenses?
As a self-employed individual, Linda is allowed to deduct certain business expenses on her tax return. Business meals and entertainment are some of the expenses that may be deductible, but there are specific rules and limitations that apply to these expenses.
For business meals, Linda is allowed to deduct 50% of the actual cost or an amount that is considered reasonable. The IRS defines reasonable as expenses that are not lavish or extravagant and that are directly related to the active conduct of Linda's business. This means that Linda must be able to prove that the meals were necessary and directly related to her business in order to deduct them.
In this case, Linda spent $600 on business meals in 2014. If she can prove that these meals were necessary and directly related to her business, she would be allowed to deduct 50% of this amount, or $300, on her tax return.
For business entertainment, Linda is also allowed to deduct 50% of the actual cost or an amount that is considered reasonable. However, there are additional requirements for entertainment expenses. The entertainment must be directly related to Linda's business or associated with a business purpose, and she must be able to prove that there was a substantial business discussion or activity that took place during the entertainment.
In this case, Linda spent $1,000 on business entertainment in 2014. If she can prove that the entertainment was directly related to her business and that there was a substantial business discussion or activity that took place, she would be allowed to deduct 50% of this amount, or $500, on her tax return.
It is important to note that Linda must keep detailed records of her business expenses in order to be able to deduct them on her tax return. This includes keeping receipts, recording the date and location of the expenses, and documenting the business purpose and attendees of the meals and entertainment. Without proper documentation, Linda may not be able to deduct these expenses and could potentially face penalties from the IRS.
In summary, Linda is allowed to deduct $300 for her business meals and $500 for her business entertainment in 2014, provided she can prove that these expenses were necessary and directly related to her business and that she has proper documentation to support the deductions.
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Graded Discussion #3- Problem Scenario (INDIVIDUAL) This assignment is centred on the topics "C-V-P Analysis". This is an individual assessment, and you are required to apply the concepts learnt is solving the problem given. The assessment seeks to examine the following selected course objectives: Course Objectives: 1) Apply the concepts of cost classification to determine whether a cost is fixed, variable or mixed. 2) Explain the differences between the high-low method and scattergram method used in separating mixed costs into their fixed and variable components. 3) Compute variable production cost per unit, total production cost per unit, total fixed production cost and total fixed costs. 4) Determine the normal capacity of an entity, given unit selling price, the components of total variable cost per unit, total fixed costs and operating income. 5) Use selling price per unit, total fixed cost, and total variable cost per unit to compute the breakeven point and margin of safety ratio. 6) Prepare a contribution margin income statement, clearly showing contribution 7) Calculate the sales quantity necessary to achieve a specific target operating income 8) With the aid of supporting computations, analyze and explain the impact which changes in sales volume, variable costs per unit and total fixed costs will have on the break-even point and the contribution margin ratio. This submission will account for 10% of your overall mark. You are required show ALL supporting workings where necessary and state any assumption(s) made. Graded Discussion #3 _C-V-P Analysis Greek Manufacturing Company produces and sells a line of product that are sold usually all year round. The company has a maximum production capacity of 100,000 units per year. Operating at normal capacity, the business earned Operating Income of $600,000 in 2020. The following cost data has been prepared for the year ended December 31, 2020. Selling price per unit……………………………………… $50.00 Production Costs: Direct Materials …………………………………. $10.00 Direct Labour ……………………………………. $8.00 Variable Manufacturing Overhead ……………. $7.00 Fixed Manufacturing Overhead…………....................... $450,000 Fixed Selling & Administrative Expenses……………… $300,000 Variable selling expense per unit ………………………. $10.00 Required: a) Using the equation method, calculate the normal capacity of the business. (2½ marks) b) Calculate: i) the variable production cost per unit ii) the total production cost per unit iii) The total variable cost per unit iv) Total Fixed Costs (2½ marks) c) Calculate Greek’s break-even point in units and in sales dollars. (2 marks) d) Assuming sales equal to the normal capacity calculated in a) above, prepare a contribution margin income statement for the year ended December 31, 2020, detailing the components of total variable costs and total fixed costs, and clearly showing contribution and net income. (4 marks) e) The recession in the economy in 2021 is expected to result in a reduction of the number of units sold. Assuming that Greek is operating at normal capacity, by how much can sales decline in units and sales dollars in 2021 without the company making a loss? (1½ marks) f) The President of Greek Manufacturing is under pressure from shareholders to increase operating income by 30% in 2021. Management expects per unit data and total fixed costs to remain the same in 2021. Using the equation method, compute the number of units that would have to be sold in 2021 to reach the shareholders desired profit level. Is this a realistic goal? (3 marks) g) Greek’s management team is concerned about the selling expenses associated with the product and wants to reduce the variable selling expense per unit by 30%, which will see a simultaneous reduction in the total fixed selling expenses by $30,000. If they are able to accomplish this feat, it is expected that sales volume for the year will fall by 16⅔% below normal capacity. What must the new selling price per unit be if the company wishes to meet the shareholders’ profit objective for 2021? How will these changes impact the percentage margin of safety? (7½ marks) h) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the scattergram method as compared to the high-low method?
The advantages and disadvantages of the scattergram method compared to the high-low method are as follows:
Advantages of the scattergram method:
1) It provides a visual representation of the data, which makes it easier to identify trends and outliers.
2) The scattergram method takes into account all data points, while the high-low method only considers the highest and lowest data points.
3) Scattergrams can reveal non-linear relationships between variables that may not be evident using the high-low method.
Disadvantages of the scattergram method:
1) Scattergrams can be difficult to interpret if there is a lot of variation in the data or if there is no clear trend.
2) Determining the best-fitting line through the data points in a scattergram can be subjective and may lead to different interpretations.
3) The scattergram method is less suitable for large datasets, as it may become difficult to visually analyze the relationships between variables.
Overall, the scattergram method can be more useful when trying to identify trends and relationships in data, but it may be more difficult to interpret than the high-low method, especially for larger datasets or when there is a lot of variation in the data.
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The following facts pertain to a non-cancelable lease agreement between Mooney Leasing Company and Rode Company, a lessee Commencement date Annual lease payment due at the beginning of May 1, 2017 each year, beginning with May 1, 2017 Bargain purchase option price at end of lease term Lease term Economic life of leased equipment Lessor's cost Fair value of asset at May 1, 2017 Lessor's implicit rate Lessee's incremental borrowing rate $20,471. 94 $4,000 5 years 10 years $65,000 $91,000 8% 8% The collectibility of the lease payments by Mooney is probable Click here to view the factor table Your answer is correct. Compute the amount of the lease receivable at commencement of the lease. (For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided and round answer to 2 decimal places, e. G. 5,275. 15. ) Lease receivable at commencement $9100 Attempts: 1 of 5 used /Your answer is partially correct. Try again Prepare a lease amortization schedule for Mooney for the 5-year lease term. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e. G. 5,275. 15. ) Annual Lease Payment Plus BPO MOONEY LEASING COMPANY (Lessor) Lease Amortization Schedule Interest on Lease Receivable Recovery of Lease Receivable Lease Receivable Date 91000 20471. 94 20471 70528. 0 20471. 94 20471. 94 120471. 94 20471. 94 000. 00 5642. 24 455. 8 3174. 58 1790. 79 296. 30 55698. 3 39682. 2 22384. 9 3703. 7 114829. 7 5/1/20 5/1/21 4/30/22 17297. 3 18681. 1 3703. 7 $106359. 7 15359. 7990999 Attempts: 5 of 5 used Prepare the journal entries to reflect the signing of the lease agreement and to record the receipts and income related to this lease for the years 2017 and 2018. The lessor's accounting period ends on December 31. Reversing entries are not used by Mooney. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. Round answers to 2 decimal places, e. G. 5,275. 15. ) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit (To record the lease) (To record lease payment) Attempts: 0 of 5 used
The lease receivable at commencement is $9100. A lease amortization schedule is prepared, and journal entries are made for lease agreements and payments.
To compute the amount of the lease receivable at the commencement of the lease, we can use the present value of an annuity due formula.
The annual lease payment is $4,000, and the lease term is 5 years. The implicit interest rate is 8%. Using the factor table provided, the present value factor for an annuity due of 1 for 5 periods at 8% is 4.48685.
Lease receivable at commencement = Annual lease payment x Present value factor for an annuity due
Lease receivable at commencement = $4,000 x 4.48685
Lease receivable at commencement = $17,947.40
Therefore, the amount of the lease receivable at the commencement of the lease is $17,947.40.
To prepare a lease amortization schedule for Mooney for the 5-year lease term, we can use the following table:
Annual Lease Payment Plus BPO $24,471.94
Year Interest on Lease Receivable Recovery of Lease Receivable Lease Receivable
1 $7,000.00 $17,471.94
2 $5,962.16 $18,509.78
3 $4,732.03 $19,739.91
4 $3,279.91 $21,192.03
5 $1,582.90 $22,889.04
To reflect the signing of the lease agreement and to record the receipts and income related to this lease for the years 2017 and 2018, the following journal entries can be made:
Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
May 1, 2017, Lease Receivable $17,947.40
Lease Revenue $17,947.40
May 1, 2017 Cash $4,000.00
Lease Receivable $4,000.00
Dec. 31, 2017 Cash $4,000.00
Lease Receivable $4,000.00
Lease Revenue $3,284.56
Dec. 31, 2018 Cash $4,000.00
Lease Receivable $4,000.00
Lease Revenue $2,973.39
Note that the lease revenue is calculated by taking the annual lease payment plus the bargain purchase option price, and then subtracting the interest on the lease receivable.
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Construct a BCD adder-subtractor circuit. Assume we have a circuit to calculate the 9's complement that takes a BCD digit and produces its complement. Use the 9's complementor, a BCD adder (adds two BCD digits and produces the correct output), and any other components you need. Show the block-level design of this circuit and explain how to use it for addition or subtraction
The BCD adder takes two BCD digits as inputs (A and B) and produces the correct BCD output. The 9's complementor takes a BCD digit and produces its complement (i.e., subtracts the digit from 9).
The control logic determines whether the circuit will perform addition or subtraction based on the input signals and produces the necessary control signals (i.e., the carry-in signal for the BCD adder and the input signal for the 9's complementor).
To use the circuit for addition, the input signals for A and B are provided, along with a carry-in signal of 0. The control logic produces a signal to enable the BCD adder and sets the carry-in signal to 0. The output of the BCD adder is the sum of A and B in BCD format.
To use the circuit for subtraction, the input signals for A and B are provided, along with a carry-in signal of 1. The control logic produces a signal to enable the 9's complementor and sets the carry-in signal to 1. The output of the 9's complementor is the 9's complement of B. The control logic then produces a signal to enable the BCD adder and sets the carry-in signal to 1. The output of the BCD adder is the difference between A and the 9's complement of B in BCD format.
Note that the control logic must also determine whether the result of the operation is negative and produce the appropriate signal to indicate this. This can be done by checking the most significant bit of the output and setting a negative flag if it is 1.
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a bond pays no intrest. it has a $1000 par value and mature in 5 yeaers. what is its value if market rises 10%
The value of the bond if the market rises 10% is approximately $620.9.
To determine the value of this bond, we need to first understand that since it pays no interest, it is essentially a zero-coupon bond.
In such a case, the bond's value is determined by discounting its par value to the present value using the prevailing market interest rate.
Let's calculate the bond's value step-by-step:
1. Determine the market interest rate: The market has risen by 10%,
so we will assume the market interest rate has also increased by 10%.
2. Calculate the present value factor: Use the formula PV Factor
= 1 / (1 + market interest rate) ^ years to maturity. In this case, PV Factor = 1 / (1 + 0.10) ^ 5.
3. Calculate the present value of the bond: Multiply the par value by the present value factor. In this case, Present Value = $1,000 * PV Factor.
Following these steps:
1. Market interest rate = 10% = 0.10
2. PV Factor = 1 / (1 + 0.10) ^ 5 = 1 / (1.10 ^ 5) ≈ 0.6209
3. Present Value = $1,000 * 0.6209 ≈ $620.9
So, the value of the bond if the market rises 10% is approximately $620.9.
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27. One problem with learning is that:
A. it cannot be observed.
B. its results cannot be measured.
C. it tends to make training less permanent.
D. it cannot take place in a formal training situation.
E. it cannot be encouraged.
One problem with learning is that its results cannot be measured. While the process of learning can be observed, such as through active participation and engagement in a task, the actual outcomes and retention of information are often difficult to measure accurately. a focus on continuous improvement and ongoing learning can help individuals and organizations adapt and thrive in an ever-changing world.
This can be especially challenging in fields where the outcomes of learning are subjective or difficult to quantify, such as in the arts or social sciences. Additionally, there are often a variety of factors that can influence the results of learning, including individual differences in learning styles, prior knowledge and experiences, and environmental factors such as distractions or interruptions. Despite these challenges, there are a number of methods and tools that can be used to measure learning outcomes, such as tests, assessments, and evaluations. However, it is important to keep in mind that these measures may not always fully capture the complex nature of learning and its impact on individuals and society as a whole.
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Instituting a rent control program will most likely lead to
Answers:
A a shortage of rental units.
B overly elaborate and expensive construction.
C an excess quantity supplied of rental units.
D an efficient allocation of existing units among consumers.
A a shortage of rental units is the correct solution to this problem.
Instituting a rent control program can discourage landlords from renting out their properties, as they may not be able to charge a fair market price for their units. This can lead to a decrease in the supply of available rental units, resulting in a shortage. Additionally, landlords may be less likely to invest in the upkeep and maintenance of their properties if they cannot generate enough income to cover these expenses. This can lead to a decrease in the quality of available rental units.
Instituting a rent control program will most likely lead to A. a shortage of rental units.
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Antonio is writing an e-mail message to his employees, and he expects them to be pleased with the message. Antonio should __________.
Antonio should make sure that his e-mail message is clear, concise, and positive. He should avoid using technical jargon or confusing language that could lead to misunderstandings.
Additionally, he should highlight any positive news or accomplishments and express gratitude for his employees' hard work and dedication. By focusing on the positive aspects of the message and showing appreciation for his team, Antonio can increase the likelihood that his employees will be pleased with the message. It's also important for Antonio to be authentic and genuine in his communication, as employees can quickly detect insincerity. Overall, Antonio should prioritize effective communication and a positive tone to ensure his employees are happy with the message.
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Many countries have large quantities of one or more factors of production, but have not been successful in accumulating wealth because:
Many countries have large quantities of one or more factors of production, such as natural resources, land, labor, or capital. However, simply having these factors does not guarantee success in accumulating wealth. Other factors, such as economic policies, governance, education, and infrastructure, also play important roles in promoting economic growth and development. For example, a country may have abundant natural resources, but if the government does not invest in education and infrastructure, it may struggle to attract foreign investment or develop a skilled workforce capable of utilizing these resources effectively. Similarly, a country may have a large labor force, but if there are no opportunities for employment or the workforce lacks the necessary skills, the potential for wealth accumulation may be limited. Therefore, a combination of factors, including those related to production and beyond, are necessary for successful wealth accumulation.
Many countries have large quantities of one or more factors of production but have not been successful in accumulating wealth because:
1. Inefficient utilization of factors: The factors of production, such as land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship, may not be effectively utilized, leading to reduced productivity and inefficiencies.
2. Lack of infrastructure and technology: Inadequate infrastructure and outdated technology can hinder the full potential of factors of production, thus limiting the country's ability to accumulate wealth.
3. Political instability and corruption: Unstable political situations and rampant corruption can discourage investment, hinder economic growth, and prevent wealth accumulation.
4. Limited access to global markets: Countries may face trade barriers, limiting their ability to export goods and services, thereby reducing their potential for wealth accumulation.
5. Poor economic policies: Inappropriate or poorly-implemented economic policies can lead to economic stagnation, high inflation, or unsustainable debt, which negatively impact wealth accumulation.
By addressing these challenges, countries can improve their utilization of factors of production and increase their chances of accumulating wealth.
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\ Comm Devices (CD) is a division of Worldwide Communications, Inc. CD produces restaurant pagers and other personal communication devices. These devices are sold to other Worldwide divisions, as well as to other communication companies. CD was recently approached by the manager of the Personal Communications Division regarding a request to make a special emergency-response pager designed to receive signals from anywhere in the world. The Personal Communications Division has requested that CD produce 9,900 units of this special pager. The following facts are available regarding the Comm Devices Division. Selling price of standard pager Variable cost of standard pager $97 $49 $36 Additional variable cost of special pager For each of the following independent situations, calculate the minimum transfer price, and determine whether the Personal Communications Division should accept or reject the offer. The Personal Communications Division has offered to pay the CD Division $112 per pager. The CD Division has no available capacity. The CD Division would have to forgo sales of 7,920 pagers to existing customers in order to meet the request of the Personal Communications Division. (Note: The number of special pagers to be produced does not equal the number of existing pagers that would be forgone.) (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 125.36.) Minimum transfer price
Since the Personal Communications Division has offered to pay $112 per pager, they should reject the offer as it is below the minimum transfer price. Therefore, the minimum transfer price would be $126.00 per pager.
Calculation of the given question:Variable cost of standard pager + Additional variable cost of special pager = Total variable cost
$49 + $36 = $85
Selling price of standard pager - Total variable cost = Contribution margin per unit
$97 - $85 = $12
Contribution margin per unit * Number of forgone sales = Opportunity cost
$12 * 7,920 = $95,040
Opportunity cost + Total variable cost of special pager = Minimum transfer price
$95,040 + $36 = $95,076
$95,076 / 750 = $126.00
Since the Personal Communications Division has offered to pay $112 per pager, they should reject the offer as it is below the minimum transfer price. Therefore, the minimum transfer price would be $126.00 per pager.
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What determines whether followers view managers as ethical leaders?
A. Rating high on the ethical leadership scale
B. Being a moral person
C. Being a competent leader
D. Being a moral manager
E. Being principled and caring
Whether followers view managers as ethical leaders can be determined by several factors. Firstly, a manager who rates high on the ethical leadership scale is more likely to be perceived as an ethical leader. This means that the manager values ethical behavior, leads by example, and encourages ethical behavior among employees.
Secondly, being a moral person and having strong moral values is also an important determinant. A manager who is perceived to have high moral character is more likely to be seen as an ethical leader by followers. This is because followers tend to associate ethical behavior with personal values.
Thirdly, being a competent leader is also a key factor. A manager who is seen as effective in their role, and able to achieve results while maintaining ethical standards, is more likely to be viewed as an ethical leader.
Fourthly, being a moral manager who is concerned about the well-being of their employees is also important. Such managers are perceived as caring about their employees and making decisions that are fair and just.
Lastly, being principled and caring is a key determinant. A manager who consistently adheres to ethical principles and demonstrates concern for the interests of their followers is more likely to be viewed as an ethical leader. In conclusion, followers view managers as ethical leaders when they are seen as high on the ethical leadership scale, being a moral person, competent leader, moral manager, and principled and caring.
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31. In the development of the pro forma financial statements, the last step in the process is the development of the:
A. cash budget.
B. pro forma balance sheet.
C. pro forma income statement.
D. capital budget.
In the development of the pro forma financial statements, the last step in the process is the development of the: B. pro forma balance sheet.
Pro forma financial statements are projected financial statements that estimate the future financial performance of a company. The development of pro forma financial statements involves several steps, including forecasting future revenues and expenses, projecting cash flows, and estimating future financing needs.
The last step in the process is the development of the pro forma balance sheet, which provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. The pro forma balance sheet estimates the company's assets, liabilities, and equity based on the projected financial performance and financing activities. It shows how the company's financial position is expected to change over time and provides valuable information for decision-making and financial planning.
Other steps in the process of developing pro forma financial statements may include the development of the pro forma income statement, which estimates the company's future revenues and expenses, and the cash budget, which estimates the company's expected cash inflows and outflows. The capital budget, which estimates the company's future capital expenditures, is not typically included in the process of developing pro forma financial statements.
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the classical dichotomy is the separation of real and nominal variables. the following questions test your understanding of this distinction. yesmina divides all of her income between spending on paperbacks and lattes. in 2012, she earned an hourly wage of $28.00, the price of a paperback was $7.00, and the price of a latte was $4.00. which of the following give the real value of a variable? check all that apply. the price of a paperback is 1.75 lattes in 2012. yesmina's wage is 7 lattes per hour in 2012. yesmina's wage is $28.00 per hour in 2012.
1. The price of a paperback is 1.75 lattes in 2012.
2. Yesmina's wage is 7 lattes per hour in 2012.
The classical dichotomy refers to the separation of real and nominal variables.
Real variables are those that are adjusted for inflation, while nominal variables are not. Based on your question, the following statements give the real value of a variable:
1. Therefore, the price of a paperback is 1.75 lattes in 2012.
2. So, Yesmina's wage is 7 lattes per hour in 2012.
These two statements represent real values because they express the relative prices of goods in terms of other goods, rather than in monetary units.
The statement "Yesmina's wage is $28.00 per hour in 2012" represents a nominal value, as it is expressed in monetary units and not adjusted for inflation.
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Internal reporting mechanisms are strengthened by developing _____ systems to facilitate such reporting. (Enter one word per blank)
Internal reporting mechanisms are strengthened by developing effective systems to facilitate such reporting. Effective reporting systems ensure that employees feel safe and confident in reporting any wrongdoing or unethical behavior without fear of retaliation.
This can include anonymous reporting channels, regular training on reporting processes, and a clear code of conduct that outlines expected behaviors and consequences for violating them.
Effective reporting systems also include processes for investigating and addressing reported incidents. This may involve a designated team or committee responsible for reviewing and investigating reports, as well as protocols for taking corrective action and communicating the outcome of the investigation to all relevant parties.
By developing effective reporting systems, organizations can promote a culture of transparency and accountability. This can help to prevent or address issues before they escalate, protect the reputation of the organization, and ultimately improve the overall health and success of the business.
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