The least amount of energy necessary to liberate the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule is known as the ionization energy.
Which atom has the highest ionization energy?
KZnSeCaSe (Ionization energy 97542) has the highest out of Potassium, Zinc and Calcium.
A chemical element with the atomic number 34 and the symbol Se is selenium. It is a nonmetal (occasionally referred to as a metalloid) that shares characteristics with arsenic and has features halfway between sulfur and tellurium in the periodic table. In the crust of the Earth, it hardly ever exists in either its elemental state or as pure ore complexes.
The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from an atom and produce a positively charged selenium ion is known as the ionization of selenium energy.
Se -> Se+ + e-
Although this procedure can be performed numerous times, the energy cost rises sharply each time. The selenium's general equation is:
SeN+ -> Se(N+1)+ + e-
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How can nitrogen be both an element and a molecule?
Answer:
Nitrogen is a chemical element with an atomic number of 7 (it has seven protons in its nucleus). Molecular nitrogen (N2) is a very common chemical compound in which two nitrogen atoms are tightly bound together. Molecular nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and inert gas at normal temperatures and pressures.
Explanation:
i had this quest before but it might be different 4 u tho.:)))))))
With seven protons in its nucleus, nitrogen has the atomic number 7 and is a chemical element.
Thus, Two nitrogen atoms are securely linked together to form the chemical molecule known as molecular nitrogen. At normal temperatures and pressures, molecular nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and inert gas.
Numerous different forms of contaminants contain atoms of nitrogen. Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide can be produced during high temperature combustion when nitrogen gas is present, as in car engines.
Both gases contribute to the creation of nitric acid, which is a component of acid rain, and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), which is a key component of smog.
Thus, With seven protons in its nucleus, nitrogen has the atomic number 7 and is a chemical element.
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More percent ERRORS HELP PLEASE givinf brainly.
Answer:
3%
Explanation:
11 - 10.603 = 0.379
0.379/11 = ~0.03 so 3%
An element belongs to group 17 of the periodic table. This element is most likely a . A solid sample of this element would have a appearance.
The periodic table's group 17 substance is probably a halogen. This element would appear metallic or black in solid form.
What are the elements of the 17th group?The six elements in Group 17 of the periodic table compose the halogen elements. In the periodic table, group 17 is represented by the elements fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).
Why is Group 17 called halogens?From top to bottom, the group 17 elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). They are known as "halogens" because when they interact with metals, they produce salts.
The elements that make up group 17 of the periodic table are the halogens. They are nonmetals that are reactive, such as iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. Halogens are non-metals that are very reactive. These substances share a lot of characteristics with one another.
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which of the following compounds is neither an acid or a base? group of answer choices sodium nitrate sodium hydroxide hclo3 ch4
Among the given options, Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is a compound that is neither an acid nor a base. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What are the properties of acids?The properties of acids are as follows:
Acid remarkably turns blue litmus red.They significantly conduct electricity. Acids react with metals in order to liberate hydrogen gas.They generally possess a pH of less than 7. Acids are distinguished by their sour taste.Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is classified in the category of salt that can be significantly developed in the reaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which belongs to a base, and nitric acid (HNO3) which belongs to an acid.
Therefore, sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is one of the compounds that is neither an acid nor a base. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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consider the following reaction: ca(oh)2(aq) + 2hcl(aq)®2 h2o(l) + cacl2(s) determine the limiting reactant when 1.00 g of each reactant is combined. what is the theoretical yield of h2o?
ca(oh)2(aq) + 2hcl(aq)®2 h2o(l) + cacl2(s)
the limiting reactant when 1.00 g of each reactant is combined is ca(oh)2.
What is limiting reagent?
The stoichiometry of chemical processes states that a specific number of reactants are required for the reaction to be complete. Other names for them are limiting reactants and limiting agents.
In a chemical reaction, there are two techniques to determine the limiting reagent. Comparing the mole ratio of the reactants involved in a chemical reaction is one way. Comparing the masses of the reactants involved in a chemical reaction is another way. The limiting reagent is the one that reacts with a smaller amount of product.
Since, Ca(OH)2 is in the ratio 1:2 with HCl, which means for two moles of HCl, one mole of Ca(OH)2 is consumed which is required in smaller amount, Thus if Ca(OH)2 is present in less amount the reaction depend on its concentration and is limited by it. so ca(oh)2 is the limiting reagent.
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If 25.0 ml of a 6.00 m hcl solution is diluted to 2.00 l, what is the molarity of the new solution?
Taking into account the definition of dilution, the molarity of the new solution is 0.075 M.
DilutionDilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.
In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.
A dilution is mathematically expressed as:
Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf
where
Ci: initial concentrationVi: initial volumeCf: final concentrationVf: final volumeFinal molarityIn this case, you know:
Ci= 6 MVi= 25 mLCf= ?Vf= 2 L= 2000 mL (being 1 L= 1000 mL)Replacing in the definition of dilution:
6 M× 25 mL= Cf× 2000 mL
Solving:
(6 M× 25 mL)÷ 2000 mL= Cf
0.075 M= Cf
In summary, the molarity of the new solution is 0.075 M.
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environmental researchers have collected rain acidity data for several decades. they want to see if there is any evidence that attempts to reduce industrial pollution have produced a trend toward less acidic rainfall. they should display their data in a(n)
Environmental researchers have collected rain acidity data for several decades. They want to see if there is any evidence that attempts to reduce industrial pollution have produced a trend toward less acidic rainfall. They should display their data in a Time plot.
Acid Rain: What Is It?
Any type of precipitation that contains acidic elements, such as sulfuric or nitric acid, that falls to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms is referred to as acid rain, also known as acid deposition. Rain, snow, fog, hail, and even acidic dust might fall under this category.
Only one variable—the acidity level of the rainfall over a specific time period—will be present in the data used to create the plot or graph. But because the gbwre data is time-dependent, the plot is a time series. As a result, this is a two-dimensional univariate plot with time on the other axis and the acidity label Rainfall on the first. The time series plot is therefore the appropriate type of graph to use to illustrate this kind of data.
Questions:
Environmental researchers have collected rain acidity data for several decades. They want to see if there is any evidence that attempts to reduce industrial pollution have produced a trend toward less acidic rainfall. They should display their data in a(n)... a. Bar graph b. Time plot c. Histogram d. Box plot
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The first ionization energy for a gas-phase atom of a particular element is 6. 24 × 10^–19 j. What is the maximum wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that could ionize this atom?.
The maximum wavelength of electromagnetic radiation which can ionize this atom is 320 nm or 320 x 10^-9 m.
The ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy that should be given to an element to eject electrons out of it i.e ionizing it.
The relation between Energy(E) and wavelength(λ) is as follows
E = hc/λ
Here h = Planck’s Constant = 6.626 x 10-34 J s
c = speed of light = 3 x 10^8 m/s
λ = wavelength of electromagnetic radiation
Putting the given values in the above equation
6.24 x 10^-19 J = 6.626 x 10^-34 x 3 x 10^8/ λ
λ = 320 x 10^-9 m.
Thus, the maximum wavelength of electromagnetic radiation which can ionize this atom is 320 nm or 320 x 10^-9 m.
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calculate the mass of HNO3 obtained when 20.0g of KNO3 reacts completely with excess concentrated H2SO4
The mass of HNO3 obtained is 12.46 g from the given reaction.
The chemical reaction is :
Potassium Nitrate + Sulphuric acid ------> Potassium Bisulphate + Nitric acid.
The above reaction is basically used for the making of nitric acid.
Less than 200 degree celcius the Nitric acid if more than 200 degree celcius then it will form Potassium Sulphate.
Now,
1 mol of KNO3 reacts with1 mol of concentrated H2SO4 to give 1 mol HNO3
Molar Mass of KNO3 = 101.1 g
Molar mass of H2SO4 = 98.07 g
Mass of H2SO4 that can react with 20 g of KNO3 = (20 g* 98.07 g )/ 101.1 g
= 19.4 g
Molar mass of nitric acid= 63.01 g
Hence mass of nitric acid produced by 20 g of KNO3 = (20 g * 63.01 g ) / 101.1 g = 12.46 g
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Summarize Newton's first law of motion for a younger student. Give an example to show this student how the law works.
Answer:
Newton's first law of motion is explained in the below statements
What is Newton's first law of motion?
Newton's first law asserts that if a body is at rest or travelling at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or continue to move in a straight path at a constant speed until acted on by a force.
Explanation:
Some examples of Newton's first law are:
1. A rock at rest: Unless pushed by nature or by another force, a rock sitting on the ground will remain there for thousands of years. It will not be dispersed in various locations.
2. The sudden application of breaks in a vehicle: When a driver suddenly uses the brakes, we tend to move forward. The vehicle comes to a halt as a result of the brakes. However, we are moving due to inertia. That is why seat belts are essential for road safety.
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A chemical is placed on a balance in an airtight container. the balance initially reads 200.0 g.200.0 g. what will the balance read after the chemical is ignited and completely burned?
Based on the law of conservation of mass, the reading of the balance will be 200.0 g.
What will be the reading of the balance after the chemical is completely burnt?According to the law of conservation of mass, matter cannot be created nor destroyed but can change from one from to another.
In the given experiment, the chemical is placed on a balance in an airtight container and weighed bore it was ignited and allowed to burn completely. This means that the reaction occurred in a closed system, such that matter is not being exchanged with the surrounding.
The reading obtained in the balance before the reaction took place took into account the amount of air present in the container.
Therefore, no change in the reading of the balance will be observed and the balance will read 200.0 g.
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Suppose the compound statement (p implies q) and (not q)is true. what is the truth value of p?
If p=T, then we must have ~p=F. Now that we've done ~p, we can combine its truth value with q's truth value to find the truth value of ~p∧q.
What is Compound statement?
A compound statement is a combination of two or more simple assertions. For instance, a compound would be, "It's snowing and I wish I was outside, but I made the error of enrolling in this course." statement.
Therefore,
Suppose the compound statement (p implies q) and (not q)is true. what is the truth value of p?
If p=T, then we must have ~p=F. Now that we've done ~p, we can combine its truth value with q's truth value to find the truth value of ~p∧q.
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What is the ph for Ph hydrochloric acid a 0.05m Solution of hydro chloric acid
ph of 0.05M hydrochloric acid is 1.3 .
pH = -log10[H+]
= -log10[0.05] – log10[5 × 10-2]
= 2 – log5
= 2 – 0.6990
= 1.301
We already know that HCl is a powerful acid. As a result, it totally dissociates in an aqueous solution. As a result, the concentrations of H⁺ and HCl are the same. As a consequence, the pH of the aqueous solution of HCl is 1.31.
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In an aqueous solution of ch3br, what is the strongest intermolecular force between ch3br and water?
Dipole-dipole interactions between H2O molecules produce the greatest intermolecular forces in a molecule.
What does the term "dipole" mean?It simply refers to a line made up of two wires, each of which is connected to a power outlet using a negative and positive signal. When a dipole appears, several atoms may have the same ionization spectrum or may be split into negative and positive regions. Both partial negative (-ve) and partial positive (+ve) signs are used to denote it.
What impact does a dipole have on a molecule's polarity?A molecule's form affects polarity. Due to the 2 OH bonds and the consequent dipole, the molecule with 2 lone pairs, such as water, is very polar. The vector sum of the various polar bonds produces the dipole.
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Water particles in gas coming off of a pan of boiling water are moving slower than the particles of the water in the pan.
We want to see what happens to the particle's speed in a given material as the temperature changes and it faces a change of phase.
We will see that the particles in the gas (vapor of water) have a larger speed than the ones in the liquid water.
As we increase the temperature of the material, the kinetic energy of the particles that make the material increase (thus the speed increases). This causes the particles to move more, and this is why as we increase the temperature, is likely to see an increase in the volume.
Then as we increase the temperature of liquid water and that water starts to change of phase (by boiling) the kinetic energy of the particles increase, and thus, the speed increases. then the particles will be moving faster than the particles of the water in the pan.
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a solution contains 25.0 g ethanol (c2h5oh; molar mass 46.07 g/mol) in 500. g h2o (molar mass 18.02 g/mol) at 23oc. if the vapor pressure of pure h2o at this temperature is 20.57 torr, what is the vapor pressure of the solution?
The partial pressure of the solution is 0.39 torr.
What is Raoult's Law?The Raoult's Law states that, the partial pressure of the solution is equal to the product of the mole fraction of the solute and the partial pressure of the pure solvent.
Hence;
Partial pressure of the pure solvent = 20.57 torr
Moles of water = 500 g/18 g/mol = 27.8 moles
Moles of ethanol = 25.0 g/46 g/mol = 0.54 moles
Total number of moles = 27.8 moles + 0.54 moles = 28.34 moles
Hence;
Partial pressure of solution = 0.54 moles/28.34 moles * 20.57 torr
= 0.39 torr
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Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods?
Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods? Boiling to 100°C will kill vegetative C. botulinum cells, but any spores will survive to temperatures of 120°C.
What is standard temperature and pressure? As a result, the definition of standard temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 273.15 degrees Kelvin. In essence, this is the temperature at which pure water will freeze at sea level in air at standard pressure.25 C is the normal state temperature (298 K). Although the majority of tables are constructed for this temperature, normal state conditions do not specify a temperature. All gases are at 1 atm pressure. All gases and liquids are pure.NTP stands for normal temperature and pressure, while STP stands for standard temperature and pressure. The STP values for temperature and pressure for a gas are 273.15 K and 0.987 atm, respectively, according to IUPAC.The surroundings of a chemical reaction are described by standard pressure and temperature. The reference temperature is 273.15 K, or 0°C, or 32°F. The standard pressure is 1 atm, which is equivalent to 760 Torr, 760 mm Hg, and 101.35 kPa.Why is boiling at standard temperature and pressure an inadequate method of processing for canned foods? Boiling to 100°C will kill vegetative C. botulinum cells, but any spores will survive to temperatures of 120°C.
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The lindeman-hinshelwood mechanism explains that role of m as a stabilizing force for the reaction. taking these reactions, write an equation for the steady state concentration of o3
The lindeman-hinshelwood mechanism explains that role of m as a stabilizing force for the reaction.
By steady state concentration,
d[O] dt = d[O3] dt =0 (7) we can solve for [O] and [O3]
What is the Lindemann-Hinshelwood mechanism?
The unimolecular processes that take place in the gas phase are explained by the Lindemann-Hinshelwood mechanism. This method is typically employed in both isomerization reactions and gas phase breakdown. The isomerization of cyclopropane is an illustration of isomerization through a Lindemann mechanism.
The steady state approximation makes the assumption that, after a brief initial period, the concentration of the chemical intermediates will be constant throughout time, meaning that the rate of change in the intermediate's concentration over time will be zero.
Thus by steady state concentration,
d[O] dt = d[O3] dt =0 (7) we can solve for [O] and [O3]
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Write a balanced, net ionic equation for the precipitation reaction of cacl2 and cs3po4 in an aqueous solution. Remember to include the proper physical states and charges of ions. When writing ions, if a charge number is not 1, place the charge number before the charge sign. If a charge sign is 1, do not include the charge number in the formula.
The balanced chemical equation for the precipitation reaction of CaCl₂ and Cs₃PO₄ in an aqueous solution is:
3Ca²⁺(aq) + 2PO₄³⁻(aq) → Ca₃(PO4)₂(s)
The insoluble salts Ca₃(PO4)₂ and CsCl are created when the calcium ion in CaCl₂ interacts with the phosphate ion in Cs₃PO₄. CaCl₂(aq) + CsO₄(aq) Ca₃(PO4)₂(s) + CsCl.
The unbalanced reaction is:
CaCl₂(aq) + Cs₃PO₄(aq) → Ca₃(PO4)₂(s) + CsCl(aq)
To balance the calcium:
3CaCl₂(aq) + Cs₃PO₄(aq) → Ca₃(PO4)₂(s) + CsCl(aq)
The chlorides:
3CaCl₂(aq) + Cs₃PO₄(aq) → Ca₃(PO4)₂(s) + 6CsCl(aq)
And the Cs:
3CaCl₂(aq) + 2Cs₃PO₄(aq) → Ca₃(PO4)₂(s) + 6CsCl(aq)
This is the balanced reaction, the ionic equation is:
3Ca²⁺(aq) + 6Cl⁻(aq) + 6Cs⁺(aq) + 2PO4³⁻(aq) → Ca₃(PO4)₂(s) + 6Cs⁺(aq) + 6Cl⁻(aq)
Subtracting the ions that don't react:
3Ca²⁺(aq) + 2PO4³⁻(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s)
This is the net ionic equation
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What are your initial ideas for what we can do to stop what is occurring to planet earth and ensure the survival of humans and other species?
What can humans do to survive as a species if we are not successful in the negative changes occurring to planet earth?
Answer: Change the way we run our economy.
Explanation: The way that the world, as a whole, runs its government and economy, is destroying the environment. If we can change this, and find another, better, way to run our countries and cities, the environment will get better, and we won't ruin our planet.
decrease friction by causing a slight separation between
solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
Lubricant decrease friction by causing a slight separation between solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
Where are lubricants utilized?A lubricant, also known as lube or lubrication, is a chemical that aids in reducing friction between surfaces in contact, hence lowering the heat produced when the surfaces move. Additionally, it might be used for force transmission, the transportation of foreign objects, or the heating or cooling of surfaces.
What is the human body's lubricant?The body's sliding surfaces are robust in part due to lubricin, a little-known protein that serves as nature's most efficient "grease." The body's most potent boundary lubricant, lubricin was found to coat the surfaces of joint cartilage.
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The complete question is -
____ decrease friction by causing a slight separation between solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.
probing nuclear symmetry energy at high densities using pion, kaon, eta and photon productions in heavy-ion collisions
The high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy is among the most uncertain properties of dense neutron-rich matter.
What is nuclear symmetry?The cost of generating more neutron-rich nuclear systems is measured by the nuclear symmetry energy. According to the system's density. The mechanics of supernova explosions, the characteristics of neutron stars, and the gravitational waves produced by their mergers are all greatly affected by knowledge of the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy. Understanding the kinetics and outcomes of their collisions in laboratory studies, as well as the characteristics of nuclei, is crucial.
Within the parabolic approximation, the Equation of State (EOS) of homogeneous neutron-rich nucleonic matter with isospin asymmetry = (np)/ and density can be stated in terms of the energy per nucleon E(n, n).
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Is atomic spectrum of hydrogen due to the ionization of hydrogen molecules?
Answer:
Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen. When an electric current is passed through a glass tube that contains hydrogen gas at low pressure the tube gives off blue light. When this light is passed through a prism (as shown in the figure below), four narrow bands of bright light are observed against a black background.
Explanation:
that hydrone molecules Diprotic acids
draw the structure of the product(s) formed on mixing propanoic acid and aniline and then the new organic product formed on heating. be sure to show formal charges and draw the appropriate number of condensed hydrogens on oxygen and nitrogen atoms, where necessary.
Below is a diagram of the product's structure. The product is amide.
Aniline's N atom functions as a nucleophile, whereas propanoic acid's carbonyl group functions as an electrophilic center. A nucleophilic acyl substitution process takes place when aniline and propanoic acid are combined and heated. An amide is created during this reaction. At the carbonyl center, the reaction mechanism follows the addition-elimination pathway. The complete response mechanism is displayed here. An acyl group (R-C=O) joined to a nitrogen atom forms the functional group of an amide, which is typically an organic compound: The simplest amides are ammonia (NH3) derivatives with an acyl group in place of one hydrogen atom.
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in(iv) sulfide, sns2, a yellow pigment, can be produced using the following reaction. snbr4(aq) 2na2s(aq)⟶4nabr(aq) sns2(s) suppose a student adds 35.2 ml of a 0.419 m solution of snbr4 to 51.1 ml of a 0.203 m solution of na2s.
% yield of SnS2 = 0.337 X 100 / 0.567 = 59.44 %
% yield of SnS2 = 59.44 %
Balanced chemical reaction is
SnBr4(aq) + 2Na2S(aq) ---> 4NaBr(aq) + SnS2(s)
First calculate limiting reactant
molarity of SnBr4 = 0.418 M
volume of SnBr4 = 0.0451 L (1 ml = 0.001 L then 45.1 ml =45.1 X 0.001 = 0.0451 L)
molarity of Na2S = 0.133 M
volume of Na2S = 0.0466 M ( 1 ml = 0.001 L then 46.6 ml =46.6 X 0.001 = 0.0466 L)
no.of moles = molarity X volume of solution in liter
moles of SnBr4 = 0.418 X 0.0451 = 0.0189 mol
moles of Na2S = 0.133 X 0.0466 = 0.0062 mol
According to balanced chemical reaction 1 mole of SnBr4 react with 2 mole of Na2S molar ratio between SnBr4 to Na2S is 1:2 therefore to react with 0.0189 mole of SnBr4 required Na2S = 0.0189 X 2 / 1 = 0.0378 moles Na2S but Na2S given only 0.0062 mole therefore Na2S is limiting reactant
Limiting reactant = Na2S
According to balanced chemical reaction 2 mole of Na2S produce 1 mole of SnS2 molar ratio between Na2S to SnS2 is 2:1 therefore 0.0062 mole of Na2S produce SnS2 = 0.0062 X 1 / 2 = 0.0031 moles
Mole of SnS2 produced = 0.0031 mole
Molar mass of SnS2 = 182.81 g/mol
Gm of compound = no. of moles X molar mass
Gm of SnS2 formed = 0.0031 mol X 182.81 g/mol = 0.567 g
Gm of SnS2 formed = 0.567 g
Theoretical yield of SnS2 = 0.567 g
Actual yield of SnS2 = 0.337 g
Theoretical yield of SnS2 = 0.567 g
% yield = Actual yield X 100 / theoretical yield
Substitute the value
% yield of SnS2 = 0.337 X 100 / 0.567 = 59.44 %
% yield of SnS2 = 59.44 %
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1.8 kJ into joules
How do I convert this into joules
Answer:
1800
Explanation:
Use a Kilojoules to joules converter. Or to do it is:
One kilojoules is equal to 1000 joules:
1kJ = 1000J
The energy E(J) in joules (J) is equal to the energy E(kJ) in kilojoules times 1000:
E(J) = E(kJ) × 1000
Hope this helped you!
why is dilute hydrochloric acid added into distilled water?
Answer:
Explanation:
dilute hydrochloric acid is added to distilled water to increase the ionization of water.
if all of this coal is burned how much co2 will be emitted into the atmosphere? how much will this increase the co2 content of the atmoshphere in ppm?
coal is burned and co2 will be emitted into the atmosphere.
What is ppm?
PPM, or parts per million, is the most effective way to express the level of performance or chemical concentration in a bigger mixture. This could be used to describe the components of water, the faulty rate of a provider, etc. Being a ratio of two quantities of the same unit, it is theoretically a dimensionless measure that is represented as a percentage and is better suited to representing lesser concentrations of chemicals in gases, liquids, or solids.
When a coal is burned, it releases a certain amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in relation to the energy it produces. Compare the quantity of CO2 released per unit of energy output or heat content to compare emissions across fuels.
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to use tlc, it is necessary to be able to see where the spots are after eluting and drying the plate. which of the following are possible ways to see where the compounds are on the plate. most compounds make complexes when exposed to iodine vapor, and the iodine is intensely colored. some compounds are naturally colored, so you just need to look.
After eluting and drying the plate, it is vital to be able to view the spots in order to employ TLC.
What is TLC?The chromatography method known as thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate non-volatile materials (TLC). Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of glass, plastic, or aluminium foil that has been coated with a thin coating of an adsorbent material—typically silica gel, aluminium oxide (alumina), or cellulose.
UV light is often used to quickly and non-destructively detect spots (compounds) on a TLC plate. Aromatic systems and strongly conjugated systems greatly absorb UV radiation. The majority of TLC plates contain zinc sulphide, which when exposed to short-wavelength UV makes them seem green.
When the TLC plate is put in the chamber and covered, iodine sublimes with the compounds on the plate, resulting in yellow-brown blotches and interacts
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fill in the blank question. in the quantum mechanical model of the atom, an electron is viewed as a wave-particle that occupies a three-dimensional space near the nucleus. the movement of the electron is described by a function, which is also called an atomic .
In the quantum mechanical model of the atom, an electron is viewed as a wave-particle that occupies a three-dimensional space near the nucleus. The movement of the electron is describes be a function, which is also called an atomic orbital.
An electron possesses dual nature, i.e. it has both wave as well as particle nature.
According to this theory, since there is wave associated with every electron so, it also possesses a wave function ψ.
However, there is no such physical significance of ψ but ψ² has.
ψ² tells the maximum probability of finding an electron in a particular region.
This region where the probability of finding an electron of an atom is maximum is known as atomic orbital.
There are different shapes of the atomic orbitals.
Some of the orbitals and their shapes are mentioned below:
(I) s orbital - spherical
(ii) p orbital - dum-bb-ell
(iii) d orbital - double dum-bb-ell
(iv) f orbital - ( no discrete shape)
To know more about quantum mechanical model here
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