When butter is melted, the _____________ of the butter has changed, but the substance is still butter?

Frequency of light = 0.705 x 10^16  per second.

Frequency: It is the quantity of waves passing a particular area in a predetermined period of time. Unit of frequency is second ^-1.

Wavelength: A wave's wavelength is the separation between its two subsequent crests or troughs. It is calculated using the wave direction. Unit of wavelength is meters.

Speed of light: the rate at which light waves move through various substances. In particular, it has now been determined that the speed of light in a vacuum is exactly 299,792,458 meters per second.

Inverse correlation exists between frequency and wavelength.

f ∝ 1/ λ

∴f = c /λ

where,

c is the speed of light (3 x 108 m/s), and f represents frequency.

λ is wavelength

∴ f = 3 x 10^8 / 4.25 x 10^-8

  f = 0.705 x 10^16  /s

Hence, frequency of the light wave will be 0.705 x  10^16  /s

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'The detailed study on the failure of the Wedge Calibration Method at Nanonewton Setpoints for Friction Force Microscopy', by the author Ortuso, Roberto Diego and Kaori, Sugihara, published in the journal of physical chemistry C., 2018, vol. 122, no. 21, p. 11464-11474, American Chemical Society (acs) is widely popular calibration technique in friction force microscopy to convert raw lateral laser deflection signals (volt) into the forces (newton).  

There has been recent trends nanotechnologies which demands the use of the method at nanonewton force ranges, but this range is a failure for small forces.  

Conventional Wedge calibration method has been a failure at nanonewton force ranges and studies has been going on to identify the reason behind the failure of this method.

The equation used shows experimental errors by order of magnitude at setpoints due to its mathematical expressions.

This low tolerance against experimental errors in nanonewton force ranges is the reason for failure of wedge calibration method.

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Answer:

100/6% =16.67%

Explanation:

16.67%

False, Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas doesn't shields the planet from the sun's uv radiation and helps prevent global warming.

Thus it is not cabondioxide that protect planet from UV rays.

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The question that can be answered by science is What are the effects of low pH in soil. So, the correct option for this question is D.

Science is a branch of scientific study which involves the knowledge application and understanding of the social world and natural world on the basis of evidences.

Science deals with the natural phenomena and nature. So, the soil is an abiotic component of nature.

It can be classified broadly into the three categories such as Physics, Chemistry, and biology. Each sub-classification tells and demonstrates its own field of studies.

In the soil depends, the low pH depends on various factors like the complexity of the organisms living on a particular area, resources, etc.

So, the question that can be answered by science is "What are the effects of low pH in soil". Thus, the correct option for this question is D.

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Siderophores are specialized molecules that are released to bind ferric ion (fe3) and convey it into the cell.

What is siderophores?

Microorganisms like bacteria and fungus secrete siderophores, which are tiny, highly-affinity iron-chelating molecules. They assist the organism in absorbing iron. Despite the fact that siderophore functions are now understood to have a wider spectrum. The recognized strongest agents for binding Fe3+ are siderophores.

The main purpose of siderophores, which are tiny molecular iron chelators made by microorganisms, is to remove iron from the host and give germs access to this vital metal nutrient.

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The electric force on a proton 1.9 fm from the surface of the nucleus 3.1 × 10² N

It is known that charge on xenon nucleus is  equal to +54e. And, charge on the proton is  equal to +e. So, radius of the nucleus is as follows.

           r = [tex]\frac{6.0}{2}[/tex]

          = 3.0 fm

Let us assume that nucleus is a point charge. Hence, the distance between proton and nucleus will be as follows.

                = (1.9 + 2.5) fm

                = 4.4fm

Therefore, electrostatic repulsive force on proton is calculated as follows.

             F = [tex]\frac{1}{4\pi E_{0} } \frac{q_{1} q_{2} }{d^{2} }[/tex]

Putting the given values into the above formula as follows.

          F = [tex]\frac{1}{4\pi E_{0} }\frac{q_{1} q_{2} }{d^{2} }[/tex]

             = 9×10⁹×[tex](\frac{54 * 1.6 *10^{-19} }{4.4 * 10^{-15} } )[/tex]²

                 = 311.2 N

Thus, we ca conclude that 3.1 × 10² N is that the electric force on a proton 1.9 fm from the surface of the nucleus.

The nucleus may be a collection of particles called protons, which are charged , and neutrons, which are electrically neutral. Protons and neutrons are successively made up of particles called quarks.

The nucleus (plural, nuclei) may be a positively charged region at the center of the atom. It consists of two sorts of subatomic particles packed tightly together. The particles are protons, which have a positive charge , and neutrons, which are neutral in charge

A nucleus of an atom has protons and neutrons. we all know that a proton has a charge of + 1 , while a neutron has no charge, or 0. Therefore, the nucleus of an atom will always have a charge .

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The change illustrated in the diagram is atoms that formed molecules; option C.

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Matter can exist as pure or impure substances.

Pure substances are the elements and compounds.

Impure substances are the mixtures.

All forms of matter are composed of atoms.

When atoms of substances combine, the form molecules of the same element or molecules of a compound.

Atoms can also form ions by the loss or gain of electrons.

Therefore, the illustrated diagram shows atoms of the same substance combining to form molecules.

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A weak acid ha has a ph of 5.0. if 1.0 mol of this acid and 0.1 mol of naoh were dissolved in one liter of wat,er The weak acid is partly neutralised by the alkali: HA(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaA(aq)+H2O(l).

Chemistry uses a pH scale to categorize an aqueous solution's acidity or basicity. The term pH originally meant "potential of hydrogen." In comparison to basic or alkaline solutions (solutions with higher H+ ion concentrations), acidic solutions have lower pH values measured.

The p Hscale is logarithmic and inversely proportional to the amount of hydrogen ions present in the solution.

M is equal to mol dm3. At a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F), basic solutions are defined as those with a pH greater than 7, and acidic solutions as those with a pH lower than 7. Solutions having a pH of 7 are regarded as neutral at this temperature (e.g. pure water). Temperature affects the pH's neutral value, which drops to below 7 if the temperature exceeds 25 °C.

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The pH of a solution that results from adding 0.059 mol Na (s) to 1.47 l of a buffer comprised of 0.391 m benzoic acid, c6h5cooh and 0.391 m sodium benzoate, c6h5coona is 5.418.

pH is a measure of how acidic/basic the water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being the neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate the acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. Water that has more free hydrogen ions is the acidic, whereas water that has more free hydroxyl ions is basic. Since the pH can be affected by chemicals in the water, pH is an important indicator of water that is changing chemically. pH is reported in the "logarithmic units". Each number represents a 10-fold change in acidity/basicness of the water. Water with a pH of five is ten times more acidic than the water having a pH of six.

pH, quantitative measure of acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions. The term, widely used in the chemistry, biology, and agronomy, translates the values of the concentration of the hydrogen ion—which ordinarily ranges between about 1 and 10−14 gram-equivalents per liter—into the numbers between 0 and 14.

molarity of NaOH= 0.059mol/1.47L

                            = 0.0401 M

Molarity of acid= 0.391 M

Molarity of buffer= 0.391 M

The pKa value of = 4.19

Henderson - Hasslbach Equation:

pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)

     =pKa+ log[( salt + C)/(acid-C)]

      = 4.19 + log[(0.391 M + 0.0401 M)/ (0.391 M - 0.0401 M)]

      = 4.19 + 1.22

      = 5.418

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If a gas station owner wants to identify if a need for additional staffing exists, an observational study could suffice here.

The term observational study refers to a study in which the research only dependent on what could be obviously seen with out trying to compare the effects of an independent on a dependent variable by empirical means.

If the owner of a gas station wants to know if there is need for more staffing. All he needs is to observe the rate of work in the hands of the current staff strength and make projection. Only a observational study could suffice here.

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The pH of a solution prepared by diluting 3.0 mL of 2.5 M HCl to a final volume of 100 mL with H₂O is 1.12.

Given data :

Original concentration of HCl before dilution (C₁) = 2.5 M

Volume of HCl to be diluted (V₁) = 3.0 mL

Final volume of HCl after diluting (V₂) = 100 mL

Final concentration of HCl after dilution (C₂) = ?

To Calculate the final concentration of solution, equation used is -

                               C₁.V₁ = C₂.V₂

Putting values in equation,

2.5 M x 3.0 mL = C₂ x 100 mL

C₂ = 2.5 M x 3.0 mL

             100 mL

C₂ = 0.075 M

When HCl is diluted with H₂O, it dissociates. The chemical equation of dissociation reaction of HCl is -

                       HCl(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)

Concentration of HCl = concentration of H⁺ = 0.075 M

Using equation of pH,

                       pH = -log[H⁺]

pH = -log[0.075]

pH = 1.12

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The mass of lead (ii) oxide produced by the decomposition of the reaction will be 2.09 grams.

To find the mass, the given data's are,

Mass of PbCo₃ = 2.50 g

Molar mass of PbCo₃  = 267.21 g/mole

Molar mass of PbO  = 223.2 g/mole

A decomposition reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products.

The given balanced chemical reaction is:

PbCo₃(s)  → PbO (s) + Co₂ (g)

Here, calculating the moles of PbCo₃,

Moles of PbCo₃ = ( Mass of PbCo₃ / Molar mass of PbCo₃ )

= ( 2.50 g /267.21 g/mole )

= 0.00936 moles.

Now we have to calculate the moles of PbO,

From the reaction, we conclude that

As, 1 mole of PbCo₃ react to give 1 mole of PbO,

So, 0.0936 moles of PbCo₃ react to give 0.00936 moles of PbO.

So, Calculating the mass of PbO,

Mass of PbO = Moles of PbO × Molar mass of PbO

= 0.00936 moles × 223.2 g/mole

= 2.09 moles.

Therefore, the mass of lead (ii) oxide produced by the decomposition of the reaction will be 2.09 grams.

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

It's because parasites actually don't kill the host immediately but after at least a good time the host starts to experience some side effects which can lead to death

If you have .387mol steam, then you used .387 mol CO, and 3*.387 mole H2.  to seek out the molar concentration of CO and H2, subtract what was used from the initial.  the quantity of CH4 of course is the same as H2O.

co(g) h2o(g) ⇀↽ co2(g) h2(g).

What is equilibrium?

Equilibrium is the state in which market supply and demand balance each other, and as a result, prices become stable. Generally, an over-supply for goods or services causes prices to travel down,  which ends up in higher demand. The balancing effect of supply and demand leads to a state of equilibrium.

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Synthetic route fail to product the desired alkene product because the base will deprotonate the alcohol and form an alkoxide product.

When a chemist working in lab embarks upon the synthesis of a compound, he or she follows a “synthetic route”— a series of steps by which a chemical compound is assembled from the smaller, less complex bulk chemicals. These routes can be devised based on chemist’s experience and by searching the scientific literature to learn from the experience of other chemists who may have attempted similar synthetic paths in the past.

Implementing this approach is the key to reducing API development time as complexity grows and budgets shrink. As with any risk management plan, goal is to be proactive in finding and mitigating sources of risk. This is accomplished by the removing unwanted variability in each stage of a process.

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The reaction will be thermodynamically spontaneous if the temperature is below 175 K.

According to this formula, when:

ΔG = ΔH  - T*ΔS

when the reaction is thermodynamically spontaneous ΔG < 0

∴ ΔH - T* ΔS = 0

∴T*ΔS = ΔH

∴ T = ΔH / ΔS

when we have:

ΔH = -70KJ

and ΔS = -0.4 KJ/K

So by substitution:

T =  -70KJ /- 0.4

 =  175 K

∴the certain temperature below which the reaction will be thermodynamically spontaneous is 175

The rules of thermodynamics explain how energy in a system evolves and whether a system can make use of its environment to produce productive work.

In an automobile, the engine is a thermodynamic system that burns fuel inside the cylinder; the radiator, piston, exhaust system, and ambient air make up the system's environment.

Thermodynamics abides by four laws. They discuss heat, work, temperature, and entropy. They are employed in chemistry, among other sciences, as well as in thermodynamics.

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Add a trace of acidic acid to the eluting solvent mixture.

TLC is the acronym for thin layer chromatography. This type of chromatography occurs when we have an eluting solvent and a stationary phase such as a thick adsorbent paper on a support.

In a chromatography, there is a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The stationary phase here is the sold support while the mobile phase is the eluting solvent which carried the mixture to be separated.

This stationary phase is spotted with the mixture to be eluted and the chromatogram is observed on the stationary phase. We know that an acid would be eluted by a polar solvent.

If the chromatogram is a stretched circle that appears rounder as you move a little farther then you have to add a trace of acidic acid to the eluting solvent mixture.

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Missing parts;

You are running a reaction to make a carboxylic acid, but what appears to be the product spot is too low on the tlc plate and is elongated, i.e., it isn't a nice circle but is stretched out a lot. To make this spot rounder and move a little farther, which of the following is most likely to work?

Using a more polar eluting solvent mixture.

Adding a trace of ammonium hydroxide to the eluting solvent mixture.

Adding a trace of water to the eluting solvent mixture.

Adding a trace of methanol to the eluting solvent mixture.

Adding a trace of acidic acid to the eluting solvent mixture.

The orbitals overlap to form the c-h bond in ethene, the s-sp2 orbital overlaps to create the C-H bond.

What is sp2 hybridisation?

Three sp2 orbitals, each with a 33% s character and a 67% p character, are created when one s orbital and two p orbitals hybridize. When an atom has three electron groups surrounding it, this kind of hybridization is necessary.

Trigonal hybridization is another name for the sp2 process. One's' orbital and two 'p' orbitals of equivalent energy are combined to create the new hybrid orbital known as sp2. At 1200, a combination of s and p orbitals developed in trigonal symmetry.

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Answer: When the forces are balanced, neither of the teams, but if the rope moves away in a particular direction or if a team wins, then the forces applied by both teams are unbalanced. Practically anything that moves is a result of the exertion of unbalanced forces on it.

Explanation:

The balanced or unbalanced forces are related to rotational motion by the occurrence of the constant and altered changes in the speed of the object.

Rotational motion may be defined as a type of motion that involves the movement of an object along an axis in a circular path with a common angular velocity.

Balanced forces maintain the state of an object at a constant speed. It means that its velocity remains unchanged during the course of the time interval. While unbalanced forces stimulate the alteration in the velocity of an object. It either reduces or enhances the initial speed of an object.

Therefore, the balanced or unbalanced forces are related to rotational motion by the occurrence of the constant and altered changes in the speed of the object.

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One mole of the C-C bond can be broken with the provided energy of 348 kJ.

Thus, the amount of energy needed to dissolve one C-C bond is 348 x 1000 / 6.023 x 10^23.

Required energy is 5.78 x 10^-19 Joules.

The relationship between wavelength and energy is

E = hc / λ

where wavelength is λ

Planck's constant is h.

the speed of light, c

5.78 X 10^-19 Joules = 6.62 X 10^-34 X 3 X 10^8 / λ

The highest wavelength of light at which a single photon may break a carbon-carbon single bond is 3.44 X 10-7 m = λ

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The elements that react violently with chlorine are;

We know that chlorine is very highly reactive element that is found in group 17 of the periodic table. Owing to the fact that chlorine is highly reactive, it does not occur free in nature. This is why we always find in combined state.

The elements of group 1 could react violently with chlorine to produce a chloride and these elements are;

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Volumetric pipetts, volumetric flasks and burette are the most accurate, the glassware makers calibrate these to a high level of accurасу.

However, if we need exactly 25.0 ml to make up a 'standard' solution, only a volumetric flask would be appropriate

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Answer:

A scientific problem is often discovered when an observation is made, which leads to a question.

A hypothesis is formed when an explanation is proposed for an observation.

Testing a proposed explanation requires designing an experiment.

For the results of the experiment to be accepted, the experiment must produce the same results when repeated.

An explanation may become a theory if the same results are found after many tests.

Answer:

Fluorine,chlorine,Iodine

Explanation:

When comparing the density of metals to that of liquids, the percentage error is more likely to rise.

A liquid's density is a gauge of how heavy it is relative to the amount being measured. The liquid that weighs heavier is more dense if you weigh two liquids with similar volumes or amounts. A substance less dense than water will float when it is gradually introduced to the water's surface.

The mass to volume ratio of an object determines its density. The unit of density is frequently grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Keep in mind that the volume is measured in cubic centimeters, not grams (the same volume as 1 millilitre).

Direct measurement of a solid's volume is impossible. A solid, especially one with an irregular shape, has a higher potential for measurement error than a liquid.

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The balanced equation is:

2Cr^+3(aq) +7H2O(l) --> Cr2O7^2-(aq) + 14H^+(aq)

What is balanced equation?

A chemical equation is a symbol- and formula-based symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, with the reactant entities presented on the left side and the product entities on the right.

A balanced equation is one for a chemical reaction in which the overall charge and the number of atoms for each component are the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and charge of both sides of the reaction are equal.

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The value of K(a) is 1.4 × 10⁻⁴.

The pH scale is used in chemistry to determine whether an aqueous solution is basic or acidic. Historically, pH stood for "potential of hydrogen." The pH values of acidic solutions are typically lower than those of basic or alkaline solutions.

A weak monoprotic acid, lactic acid (HA) dissociates in accordance with the following equilibrium:

HA ⇋ H⁺ + A⁻

K(a) = [H⁺] × [A⁻] / [HA]

If C is the initial acid concentration and x is the dissociated concentration of each product, then the expression at equilibrium is:

K(a) = x² / ( C− x )

Now substituting the values C = 0.10 m and the ph of lactic acid is 2.43 in:

x = [H+]

[H+] = 10^{− pH}

10⁻²·⁴³ = 3.63 × 10⁻³ M

Therefore,

K(a) = x² / ( C − x )

K(a) = ( 3.63 × 10⁻³ M)² / ( 0.10 M − 3.63 × 10⁻³ M )

K(a) = 1.4 × 10⁻⁴

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Taking into account the definition of density, the density of mercury is 15.3 g/mL.

Density is defined as the property that matter has to compress into a given space and it allows us to measure the amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance.

The expression for the calculation of density is:

density= mass÷ volume

It can be deduced that density is inversely proportional to volume: the smaller the volume occupied by a given mass, the higher the density.

In this case, you know that:

Replacing in the definition of density:

density= 306 g÷ 20 mL

Solving:

density= 15.3 g/mL

In summary, the density of mercury is 15.3 g/mL.

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