what trend do you notice for electronegativity down a family? explain the reason for this trend in 2-3 sentences.

1. The illustration is potential energy

2. The amount of energy, given that the bell weighs 900 N is 82800 J

Potential energy is the energy possesed by an object by virtue of it's location. While kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object.

From the above information, we can conclude that the illustration from the question is potential energy

The amount of energy can be obtained as follow:

Energy = Force × height

Energy = 900 × 92

Energy = 82800 J

Thus, we can conclude that the energy is 82800 J

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Every rock has its place in the rock cycle. The three processes that change one rock to another are crystallization, metamorphism, and erosion and sedimentation.

The rock cycle is described as a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous.

There are many possible paths a rock can take to become different types of rock, and that is because there is no needed path for a rock to change in form.

WE can explain more using the example that a metamorphic rock can become sedimentary rock by erosion and deposition, but the original metamorphic rock was not ever igneous rock.

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At stp one mole of oxygen gas and one mole of neon atom both have

6* [tex]10^2^3[/tex] molcules which is avagardo number of molecules.

STP stands for "Standard Temperature and Pressure." In chemistry, it is commonly used as a reference point to describe the properties of gases. STP is defined as a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.325 kPa). At these conditions, the volume of one mole of any gas is 24.45 L.

So one mole of all gas have avagadro number of molecules in it.

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There are 593.4 grams of formic acid in 100.0 mL of a solution of formic acid (HCOOH) that has a pH of 2.29.

To calculate the grams of formic acid in 100.0 mL of solution, three procedures are performed:

To calculate the concentration of a solution as a function of pH, the following formula is used:

pH = - log [H3O+]

where [H3O+] is eliminated

2.29 = - log [H3O+]

log[H3O+] = -2.29

10-2.29 = [H3O+]

[H3O+] = 129M

Then the number of moles in 100 ml of solution is calculated.

If in 1000 ml of solution there are 129 moles of formic acid

So in 100 ml of solution there are x moles of formic acid

X mole of formic acid = 100 ml x 129 moles / 1000 ml

X moles of formic acid = 12.9

Then with the molecular weight of formic acid (46 g/mol) the grams of this compound in 100 ml of solution are calculated.

If in 1 mole of formic acid there are 46 grams of compound

So in 12.9 moles there are x grams of compound

X g of formic acid = 12.9 mol x 46 g / 1 mol

X g of formic acid = 593.4

Therefore, in 100.0 mL of solution there are 593.4 g of formic acid.

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Interactions between ions and dipoles. Ion-Dipole Forces were engaged for solutions in which an ionic chemical is immersed in a polar solvent, for example a table salt (NaCl) water solution.

Ion-dipole intermolecular forces seem to be electrostatic reactions between such a polar molecule as well as an ion that are frequently caused by the dissolution of ionic compounds within polar substances. The attraction here between the negative ends of one polar molecule as well as the positive ends of another polar molecule is known as dipole-dipole forces.

In polar solvents, polar molecules were also soluble (Predominant intermolecular force will be a dipole-dipole attraction between polar solute molecule as well as polar solvent molecule).

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A daisy is a flowering plant, and a pine tree is a non-flowering, cone-bearing plant. During the adult stage, the daisy produces seeds in the flower and the pine tree produces seeds in the cone. So, the correct option is (A).

Cones are also called strobilus. It is oval in shape, containing the reproductive organs of some non-flowering plants. Cones have unique feature of pines and other conifers, also found on all gymnosperms, some club mosses and horsetails.

Male cones produce pollen that is carried by the wind to female cones, after which the female gametes are fertilized by male gametes from the pollen, the female cones produce seeds, which are then scattered away from the plant by wind or animals.

Thus, a daisy is a flowering plant, and a pine tree is a non-flowering, cone-bearing plant. During the adult stage, the daisy produces seeds in the flower and the pine tree produces seeds in the cone. So, the correct option is (A).

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The functions of organelles help to keep a cell functioning because they generate different products such as proteins in mitochondria required to maintain cell homeostasis.

Cell organelles function as specialized structures within our cells that have specific functions. They are like tiny organs that work together to keep our cells functioning properly such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and peroxisomes.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that organelles aid in the upkeep of a cell by creating various substances, like the proteins made in mitochondria, that are vital for cell equilibrium.

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b- After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation . This is the correct option.

If the desired product is a non-polar organic substance and it is formed in a reaction run in ethanol, one way to extract the product would be to use liquid-liquid extraction method. The basic idea of this method is to use a solvent that is immiscible (i.e., does not mix well) with both the reaction mixture and the desired product.

Here are the general steps for a liquid-liquid extraction:

• Separate the reaction mixture into two layers, the aqueous layer and the organic layer, by using a separating funnel.

• Remove the aqueous layer and discard it.

• Take the organic layer, containing the desired product and ethanol and add a non-polar solvent, such as pentane, hexane, or diethyl ether to the organic layer.

• Shake the mixture vigorously to allow for the transfer of the desired product from the ethanol to the non-polar solvent.

• Separate the two layers by using a separating funnel.

• Remove the upper non-polar solvent layer, which should contain the desired product

• Dry the non-polar solvent layer if necessary, and evaporate the solvent if desired to isolate the pure product.

Note that the choice of the solvent and the specific steps may vary depending on the nature of the product and the reaction mixture.

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Answer: C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O is the balanced equation

Explanation:

First, the Carbon atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:

C₂H₄ + O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O

Then the Hydrogen atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:

C₂H₄ + O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + 2H₂O

Finally, Oxygen atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:

C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O

Thus, the balanced equation is C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O

I hope this helps! :)

The conversion factor that best represents the information provided in the smartfood package is grams of carbohydrates per gram of serving.

The package states that one 17.7 gram serving contains 51% carbohydrates, which can be converted to grams by multiplying the percentage by the total weight of the serving. So, 51% of 17.7 grams is approximately 9.09 grams of carbohydrates per serving. To express this as a conversion factor, it would be written as 9.09 grams of carbohydrates per gram of serving. This conversion factor can be used to convert the number of grams of carbohydrates in other serving sizes of the same food.

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The molality of  solution is 0.26 mol/kg

Molality is defined as "The ratio of the number of moles of solute present in a solution to the mass of the solvent in kilograms".

The unit that is used to represent molality is mol/kg.

The formula used to calculate molality is given below:

Molality = moles of solute/ mass of solvent in kg-----> (i)

Here,

Given values:

Moles of NaC₂H₃O₂ (solute) = 0.195mol

Mass of solvent (water) = 0.750 kg

Putting these values in equation (i), we get-

Molality

= 0.195 mol/0.750 kg

=0.26 mol/kg

Hence, the molality of  solution is 0. 26 mol/kg

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It is crucial to remember that the finished output will be a model rather than an exact reproduction of the rock. The final sculpture will be an artistic depiction of the rock utilising the colours of clay you have on hand.

You would need to follow these procedures to create a replica of the vibrant rock seen in Crete using modelling clay: The modelling clay should be divided into four equal pieces, each of which should be coloured differently. Each colourful piece of clay should be rolled and flattened into a thin sheet using your hands. As desired, mix the colours together. To mould and shape the layered clay into the desired rock shape, use little pressure. On the rock's surface, use a tool to add textures and features. Physical force, such as pressing and sculpting the clay with your hands and tools, and cohesive forces between the clay particles are the major forces employed in this procedure.

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The original concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is  0.0044

To find the original concentration of a sulfuric acid solution with a pOH of 12.43, you would need to use the relationship between the acidity of a solution and its pH. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration (pH = -log[H+]). The pOH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration (pOH = -log[OH-]). Since the pH and pOH of a solution are related by the equation:

pH + pOH = 14

Given the pOH of 12.43, then you can calculate the pH as :

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 14 - 12.43 = 1.57

The original concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 10^(-pH)

[H+] = 10^(-1.57) = 0.0044.

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When the gas syringe gets inserted into and attached to the Erlenmeyer flask which contains the methane gas, the gas expands and enters the gas syringe.

Charles law states that the volume which is occupied by an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at constant pressure conditions. It also sometimes known as the law of volumes as it also describes how gases are able to expand with increase in temperature.

When a syringe is inserted into the Erlenmeyer flask which contains the methane gas, some of that gas in the flask expands and enters into the syringe.

--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"What happens after the gas syringe is inserted into the Erlenmeyer flask containing the methane gas?"--

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The number of moles of hydrogen produced if reacted with 0.605 moles of sodium in the reaction is 0.3025 moles.

Stoichiometry is the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).

According to this question, sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas as follows:

2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂

Based on the reaction above, 1 moles of hydrogen is produced by the reaction of 2 moles of sodium.

Hence, 0.605 moles of sodium will react to produce 0.3025 moles of hydrogen.

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Answer:

The strength of the forces holding the particles of a substance together determines its physical state at a given temperature. The stronger the forces the more energy required to overcome them and hence the particles remain in a fixed position and the substance is solid, while weaker forces may allow the particles to move freely making the substance a gas.

Explanation:

In the case of carbon dioxide (CO2), the particles are held together by weak van der Waals forces. These forces are not strong enough to keep the particles in a fixed position, so they are able to move freely and take on the properties of a gas at room temperature.

In the case of water (H2O), the particles are held together by hydrogen bonds. These bonds are stronger than the van der Waals forces in CO2, so the particles are not able to move as freely. As a result, water takes on the properties of a liquid at room temperature.

Salt (NaCl) is made up of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-). These ions are held together by strong ionic bonds, which keep the particles in a fixed position. As a result, salt takes on the properties of a solid at room temperature.

The reaction between magnesium metal and copper chloride produce magnesium chloride precipitate and copper. The net ionic equation of the reaction is given below:

[tex]\rm Mg(s) + 2Cl (aq) \rightarrow MgCl_{2} (s)[/tex]

The ionic equation of a reaction shows all the ions participate in the reaction and their states specified in brackets. The net ionic equation represents the balanced charges in both side of ionic equation.

The balanced equation of the  given reaction is written as follows:

[tex]\rm Mg(s) + CuCl_{2} (aq) \rightarrow MgCl_{2} (s) + Cu(aq)[/tex]

Here, the copper ions are in aqueous state in both side of the reaction and they get cancelled in the net ionic equation.

Therefore, the net ionic equation represents the formation of the solid precipitate MgCl₂ as written in the reaction above.

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The steps done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risk you are doing​ is a. capacity building.

The capacity building is the process of the developing the skill or the strengthening the skills. There are the four steps in the capacity building.

1) Needs the assessment

2) Design

3) Implementation

4) Monitoring

These are process to reduce the risk of what you are doing. The capacity building includes the leadership developments. The capacity budling consist of the training and the mentorships.

Thus the capacity budling is The steps done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risk you are doing​

This question is incomplete, the complete question is :

The step done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risks you are doing.

a. capacity building

b. training

c. facility constructing

d. skills honing

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The resonance contributor that is most important for protonation in methyl isocyanate is the one in which the nitrogen atom is double-bonded to the carbon atom, and has a formal positive charge, this is called a carbocation or a carbenium ion.

This resonance contributor is considered the most important because it shows the nitrogen atom with the greatest electron density, making it more susceptible to protonation.

In the reaction of methyl isocyanate with strong acids, such as sulfuric acid, the protonation occurs on the nitrogen atom of the molecule. The protonation process is determined by the relative acidity of the nitrogen atom and its electron-withdrawing groups, and thus the resonance contributor that is most important for the protonation is the one that shows the nitrogen atom with the greatest electron density.

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The molarity of the solution by dissolving the 10.0 g of Al(NO₃)₃ in the enough water to make 250.0 ml of solution is 0.184 M.

The mass of the  Al(NO₃)₃ = 10 g

The molar mass of Al(NO₃)₃ = 212.9 g/mol

The number of moles = mass / molar mass

                                     = 10 / 212.9

                                     = 0.046 mol

The volume of the solution = 250 mL = 0.250 L

The molarity expression is :

Molarity = moles / volumes in L

Molarity = 0.046 / 0.250

Molarity = 0.184 M

Thus, the molarity of the Al(NO₃)₃ solution is 0.184 M  with the volume of  the 250 mL.

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The chemical pathway appears to be important both in some types of psychotic behavior and in the reinforcing properties of various drugs is  Mesolimbic dopamine pathway.

The reinforcing and addictive qualities of substances like nicotine are greatly influenced by the mesolimbic dopamine system.

Dopamine serves a variety of functions and is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

These mesolimbic pathways aid in the distribution of dopamine throughout the body. The nucleus accumbens receives dopamine from the ventral tegmental region via the mesolimbic dopamine pathways.

Dopamine produces a sense of reward and pleasure in the nucleus accumbens.

Dopamine flows from the ventral tegmental region to the nucleus accumbens anytime there is a sense of rewarding or pleasurable stimuli. Dopamine provides a sense of positive feeling, which leads to addictive behavior ( ie, drugs).

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nitrogen and chloro fluro carbon gas is not an example of a naturally occurring greenhouse gas

Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone are examples of naturally occurring greenhouse gases. Hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are examples of artificial greenhouse gases that are produced via a number of industrial operations. Carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapour are some examples of greenhouse gases. The gas that is not a greenhouse gas is therefore nitrogen. The different greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide, water vapour, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons. Infrared light cannot pass through oxygen or nitrogen, hence they are not considered greenhouse gases. These molecules are invisible because stretching one of them has no effect on the electric field. These symmetric molecules are composed of two identical atoms whose electric fields simply cancel one another out.

which gas is not an example of a naturally occurring greenhouse gas?

1. nitrogen

2.cholrofluoro carbons

3. oxygen

4. carbondioxide

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Answer:

Balancing chemical equations is my priority!! :-)

[tex]Ca_{2}[/tex] + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]Ca_{2} O_{3}[/tex]

On both sides Calcium (Ca) is balanced ( 2 and 2 )

Then Oxygen (O) is 2 on the reactant side and 3 on the product side.

Divide the subscripts (product subscript/reactant subscript) to give 1.5 (3/2)

Because you can't put 1.5 in an equation you multiply everything by 2.

Then it comes [tex]2Ca_{2}[/tex] + [tex]3O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]2Ca_{2} O_{3}[/tex]

Have a wonderful day! :-)

Peptide bonds, glycosidic bonds, phosphodiester  bonds are covalent bonds.

A covalent bond is formed by the equal sharing of electrons by two atoms.

The bond which is  formed between the first carbon atom of one monosaccharide with the four carbon atoms present in the neighboring monosaccharide unit and, which results in the formation of a polysaccharide unit is known as a Glycosidic bond.  In the formation of this bond, a water molecule is released as a by-product.

A covalent bond which is formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the neighboring amino acids, is known as a peptide bond. This bond formation involves release of a water molecule as a by-product.

The phosphate-hydroxyl linkage present between two nucleotides where the phosphate group is attached to the hydroxyl group(OH) at the 5'-carbon of pentose sugar is bonded to the hydroxyl group of the 3'-carbon of the pentose sugar present in the next neighboring nucleotide. This bond  is known as a phosphodiester bond.

Thus, option (d) is correct

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

it has 7 valence electrons and 4 electron shells.

The mass of precipitate will from when 25 ml of 1.5 M copper(II)
sulfate solution reacts with the 35 ml 0.75 M potassium hydroxide is 2.53 g.

The balanced chemical equation is :

CuSO₄(aq)   +  2KOH(aq)   ----->   K₂SO₄(aq)   +  Cu(OH)₂(s)

The moles of CuSO₄ = 1.5 × 0.025

                                    = 0.037 mol

The moles of KOH = 0.75 × 0.035

                               = 0.026 mol

The KOH is the limiting reactant.

1 mole of the KOH produces the 1 mole of Cu(OH)₂

Moles of Cu(OH)₂ = 0.026 mol

The mass of Cu(OH)₂ = moles × molar mass

                                    = 0.026 × 97.5

                                    = 2.53 g

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Specific heat capacity of the metal  by the given values is 5.389 J/ g°C  

Mass of water = 140.0 g

Initial temperature of water = 20.0°C

Mass of a certain metal = 100.0 g

Initial temperature of metal = 100.0°C

Final temperature of water and metal = 95.0°C

Since the metal is at a higher initial temperature it will lose heat and the water having a lower initial temperature will gain heat.  

Thus, heat lost by metal = Heat gained by water  

formula: (mass metal )(initialT - finalT)( Cp metal ) = ( mass water )(finalT- initalT)( Cp water)  

After plugging in the given data we get,  

(100.0 g )(100.0 °C -95.0°C)( Cp metal) = (140.0g )(24.6°C-20.0°C) (4.184 J/g°C)  

(100.0g )(5.0C)( Cp metal )=(140.0g )(4.6°C)(4.184 J/g°C)  

(500 g°C) (Cp metal) = 2694.5 J  

(Cp metal) =5.389 J/ g°C  

Thus, specific heat capacity(Cp) of metal = 5.389 J/ g°C

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If 3.20 liters of ammonia gas reacts, the amount of oxygen gas that will be consumed is 4L of oxygen gas (option B).

Stoichiometry refers to the quantitative relationship between the reactants and products of a specific reaction or equation.

According to this question, ammonia gas reacts with oxygen gas to produce nitrogen oxide and water as follows:

4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O

Based on the above equation, 4 moles of ammonia gas reacts with 5 moles of oxygen gas.

This means that 3.2 litres of ammonia gas will react with 3.2 × 5/4 = 4 litres of oxygen gas.

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