The optimal number of receiver buffers required for a sliding window
protocol With 4 bits, the number of sequence numbers possible = 16
How do you calculate optimal window size in sliding window protocol?Maximum window size = 1 + 2*a where a = Tp/Tt Minimum sequence numbers required = 1 + 2*a.
All the packets in the current window will be given a sequence number.Although the Stop and Wait ARQ provides error and flow control, it may have serious performance implications because the sender always waits for acknowledgment even when the next packet is prepared to be sent. Consider a scenario in which you have a high bandwidth connection and a high propagation delay (you are connected to a server in another country via a high-speed connection), but you are unable to utilize this full speed due to stop-and-wait restrictions.This efficiency issue is resolved by the sliding window protocol by sending multiple packets with a larger sequence number at once. Similar to pipelining in architecture, the concept.A flow control protocol is the sliding window protocol.The sender is able to send several frames before the acknowledgments become necessary.
so the answer is the optimal number of 4 sequence numbers is 16
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help help help pls pls
Answer:
2
Explanation:
Ls: mitosis and meiosis both produce new cells through cell division. however, the division process differs due to the kind of cell being produced. how is meiosis different from mitosis?
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, on the other hand, Meiosis produces four genetically identical haploid cells.
Mitosis: It can be described as the process of division in every living cell. It has four basic stages for division- prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The division of cells is based on Asexual Reproduction. The division happens when the nuclear membrane has broken down, and spindle fibers (microtubules) attach to the chromatids at the centromere and pull apart the chromatids. The chromatids reach out to the two separate ends of the cells, then the spindle fibers disintegrate and a nuclear membrane rebuilds around the chromosomes making two nuclei. Both of them are identical to the original nuclei.Meiosis: It is a process of cell division where the daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. In humans, this means that the chromosome reduces from 46 to 23. The joining of both male & female gametes results in restoring chromosomes to 46. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated into different nuclei. Then chromosome number is divided in half. Chromatids are also separated into separate nuclei. Again, it is spindle fibers that “pull” the chromosomes and chromatids apart in meiosis.
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Ions and polar molecules can cross the plasma membrane in regions where the membrane has incorporated _____.
Ions and polar molecules can cross the plasma membrane in regions where the membrane has incorporated transport proteins.
The polar molecule is what?
A polar molecule is one that has a slight positive charge on one end and a slight negative charge on the other. A polar molecule is a diatomic compound, such as HF, that contains a polar covalent link.
What are transport proteins?
Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport.
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Suppose you discover a chemical that can block leak potassium channels. what might happen as a result of this blockage?
Suppose you discover a chemical which will block leak potassium channels. Potassium would subsided permeable as a result of this blockage
What is the function of the potassium channel?
Potassium (K+) channels locate in cell membranes and control transportation of K+ ions efflux from and influx into cells. They play crucial roles in both excitable and non-excitable cells and may be found in virtually all species, apart from some parasites
What are the kinds of potassium channels?
There are four main sorts of potassium channels which are as followed: calcium activated, inwardly rectifying, tandem pore domain, and voltage-gated. The differences between these types are mainly with how the gate receives its signal, whereas the structure of those channels is similar.
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emerging separation techniques: supercritical fluid and ionic liquid extraction techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment
Separation techniques supercritical fluid and ionic liquid extraction techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment are used to for minimizing the liquid waste
Supercritical fluid is the process of separating one component from another using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent and ionic-liquid-based extraction separation method, which applies ILs as diluents and/or extractants for solvent extraction. advanced separations technology is key to closing the nuclear fuel cycle and relieving future generations from the burden of radioactive waste produced by the nuclear power industry separation technique utilizing green solvents carbon dioxide and for dissolution and extraction of uranium dioxide and fission product relevant to nuclear waste management that's why this two techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment
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Hat is the major organic product obtained from the following sequence of reactions? (ch3)2chch2mgbr
The major organic product obtained is
The right response is (D) (CH3)2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Alcohols react with PBr3 and become bromides.
When bromides and magnesium combine, Grignard reagent is created.
What is a major product?
The main product of a reaction would be the one that is more stable and hence most likely to form. Propene added electrophilically to HBr would be one instance.
The right response is (D) (CH3)2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Alcohols react with PBr3 and become bromides.
When bromides and magnesium combine, Grignard reagent is created.
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What is the theoretical yield of water formed from the reaction of of sulfuric acid and of sodium hydroxide?
The lower value of the calculated amount of water is the theoretical yield and the reactant that is used to calculate the theoretical yield is the limiting reactant. By looking at the calculations, we can say that the theoretical yield of the reaction is ≈1.9 g while the limiting reactant is NaOH.
How are the limiting reactant and theoretical yield determined?The theoretical yield of the reaction is 1.9 g, and the limiting reactant is NaOH.We can do so by converting both reactant masses to moles and then identifying the limiting reactant using one or more mole ratios from the balanced equation. The amount of the limiting reactant can then be used to calculate the theoretical yield of A l C l X 3 ceAlCl3 AlClX3.Multiply the number of moles of water by the water's molar mass. 2 + 16 = 18 g/mol is the molar mass. When multiplied by the product, this gives 0.834 moles H2O x 18 g/mol H2O = 15 grams. The theoretical water yield for this experiment is 15 grams.To learn more about theoretical yield refer to
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In a coffee cup calorimetry experiment, what data or information is needed to determine the enthalpy change for a reaction?
In a coffee cup calorimetry experiment the enthalpy change for a reaction Mathematical relation:-q = (specific heat) x m x Δt
What is enthalpy change?The difference between the amount reactant and total product molar enthalpies, computed for substances in their standard states, is the standard enthalpy of reaction for a chemical reaction.
Calorimeters are tools used to determine how much heat is exchanged during chemical reactions. The coffee cup calorimeter and the bomb calorimeter are two popular varieties of calorimeters.
A polystyrene/Styrofoam cup with a cover is used in a coffee cup calorimeter. A thermometer is placed through the lid of the cup after it has been filled with a known amount of water.
The heat produced by a chemical reaction is absorbed by the water. The quantity of heat that has been absorbed or developed is determined using the change in water temperature.
Heat flow is calculated using the following mathematical relation:-q = (specific heat) x m x Δt
where q = heat flow, m=mass in grams, Δt =change in temperature.
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French scientist Antoine Lavoisier was one of the first to use an
analytical
to monitor chemical reactions.
O balance
O spectrometer
O thermometer
O chromatogram
French scientist Antoine Lavoisier was one of the first to use an analytical to monitor chemical reactions is an option A. balance.
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier changed into considered the founding father of cutting-edge chemistry. Lavoisier discovered that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction. He also did experiments on combustion and helped devise a chemical nomenclature. Lavoisier, Antoine was a French chemist who proved the law of conservation of mass.
Antoine Lavoisier determined that oxygen changed into a key substance in combustion, and he gave the element its call. He evolved the contemporary machine of naming chemical substances and has been known as the “father of current chemistry” for his emphasis on careful experimentation.
Lavoisier described an element as a chemical substance that can't be decomposed with the usage of present-day analytical methods. Mendeleev noticed a detail as a substance composed of atoms of the identical atomic weight
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pure, white solid, a, was heated and a colorless liquid, b, and a colorless gas, c, were produced. when an electric current was passed through liquid b, two gases were produced. which one of the following statements is correct regarding a, b, and c?
The answer should be d) A and B are compounds and C is an element
Pure chemical elements and compounds can be found in nature. An element is a substance made of the same type of atoms as a compound, whereas a compound is made of various elements mixed together in a specific ratio.
The elements iron, copper, hydrogen, and oxygen are a few examples.
Bodily characteristicsColor, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points are examples of physical qualities. The capacity of a substance to go through a particular chemical transition is described by its chemical property. We search for a chemical change to locate a chemical attribute. Mixture
The simplest substance that cannot be broken down chemically is an element. A compound is created by chemically combining two or more components. A mixture is created by physically combining two or more substances.
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A remote-controlled helicopter flew west at a constant velocity for 27.5seconds. it flew 352meters in that time. what was the helicopter's velocity
The helicopter's velocity is 12.8 m/s
What is velocity?We can determine how quickly or slowly an object is traveling by using the phrases velocity and speed. We frequently encounter circumstances when we must determine which of two or more things is traveling quicker. If the two are traveling in the same direction on the same road, it is simple to determine which is quicker. It is challenging to identify who is moving the fastest when their motion is in the opposite direction. The idea of velocity is useful in these circumstances. Learn more about velocity in this article, including its definition, how it is measured, examples, and the distinction it makes from speed.
find the velocity.distance =352 meters
Time = 27.5 seconds
velocity =?
v= d/t
where;
V= velocity
D= distance
T=time
applying formula:-
v=352 /27.5
=12.8 m/s
The helicopter's velocity is 12.8 m/s
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give the symbol for an element that is 1) a transition metal in the fourth period from the following list: sc, n, nd, mt. fill in the blank 1 2) a metalloid. fill in the blank 2 3) a non-metal in group 4a, 5a, or 6a. fill in the blank 3 4) a lanthanide. fill in the blank 4 5) a metal in group 3a or 4a. fill in the blank 5
From the following list of Sc, N, Nd, Mt
1) Transition metal in the fourth period Sc
2) A metalloid __
3)a non-metal N
4)a lanthanide Nd.
5)a metal in group 3a or 4a __
What are metalloids?
A metalloid is a particular kind of chemical element with a majority of properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals, or that are a combination of both. There is no agreed-upon definition of a metalloid and no consensus on which elements qualify as metalloids.
A chemical component that results in a straightforward substance with properties that fall somewhere between those of a conventional metal and a typical nonmetal.
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Ammonium sulfide and zinc chloride solutions are mixed. what is the balanced chemical reaction?
Combining zinc chloride and ammonium carbonate aqueous solutions. The chemical process is shown to be balanced as;
(NH₄)2CO₃ (aq ) + ZnCl₂ ( aq ) -------- > ZnCO₃ ( s ) + 2 NH₄Cl (aq )
What is an aqueous solutions?In other words, the ions and molecules that make up the solute (dissolved) are surrounded by the water molecules and incorporated into their web of connections.
The kind of chemical bonds holding something together determines whether or not it will dissolve in water. Examples of watery solutions include rain, seawater, acid, base, and salt solutions.
Solutions that contain water as a solvent are known as aqueous solutions. (For instance, sugar solution).
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Write a balanced half-reaction describing the reduction of aqueous hydrogen cations to gaseous dihydrogen.
2H+(aq) + 2e- --------> H₂(g)
What is balanced half-reaction?In most cases, individual atoms initially balance the half-reactions. The half-reactions contain electrons. These are then balanced to ensure that the number of electrons acquired and lost is equal. The two half-reactions are then combined once more.
A half-reaction is the portion of a larger reaction that corresponds to either an individual oxidation or reduction. A redox reaction can only be accurately represented by two half-reactions, one oxidation and one reduction.
addition of electron is called reduction
2H+(aq) + 2e- ----------------> H₂(g)
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he famous miller–urey experiment was conducted in 1953. this experiment tested the hypothesis that primitive earth conditions were favorable for creating complex organic compounds from simple compounds. classify the compounds according to whether they were inputs or outputs in this experiment.
The famous miller–urey experiment was conducted in 1953. this experiment tested the hypothesis that primitive earth conditions were favorable for creating complex organic compounds from simple compounds. classify the compounds according to whether they were inputs or outputs in this experiment.
Scientists were able to demonstrate that Miller's initial tests produced well over 20 different amino acids after Miller's death in 2007 by looking at sealed vials that had been maintained from the original trials. That is significantly more than the 20 naturally occurring mutations in the genetic code as well as what Miller originally claimed.
What is the Miller-Urey experiment?
The Miller-Urey experiment, often known as the Miller experiment, was a chemical experiment that explored the chemical origin of life under conditions that were supposed to have existed on the early, primordial Earth in 1952. Alexander Oparin and J.'s theory was confirmed by the experiment at the time. According to B. S. Haldane's theory, the environment on the early Earth was favourable for chemical reactions that produced more complex organic chemicals from simpler inorganic ones. It was carried out by Stanley Miller in 1952 under the direction of Harold Urey at the University of Chicago, and the results were published the following year. This experiment is regarded as the standard investigation of abiogenesis.
Scientists were able to demonstrate that Miller's initial tests produced well over 20 different amino acids after Miller's death in 2007 by looking at sealed vials that had been maintained from the original trials. That is significantly more than the 20 naturally occurring mutations in the genetic code as well as what Miller originally claimed. Although more recent research indicates that the gas used in the Miller experiment may not have been representative of the Earth's original atmosphere, prebiotic experiments continue to yield racemic combinations of simple to complex chemicals, including cyanide, under various settings.
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what is the average rate of the reaction over the first 580 seconds? 1.6 × 10−3 1.9 × 10−3 2.0 × 10−3 2.2 × 10−3
The average rate of reaction for the first 580 seconds is 2.0 × 10−3 M/s.
What is rate of reaction?The pace at which a chemical reaction occurs is known as the reaction rate, which is proportional to both the increase in a product's concentration per unit time and the decrease in a reactant's concentration per unit time.
There is a wide range in reaction times. As an illustration, the oxidative rusting of iron beneath the Earth's atmosphere is a slow process that can take many years, whereas the burning of cellulose in a fire is a fast process that happens in a matter of seconds. For the majority of reactions, the rate drops as the reaction develops. The pace of a reaction can be calculated by tracking the concentration changes over time.
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if a pharmacist dissolves 1.2 g of a medicinal agent in 60 ml of a cough syrup having a specific gravity of 1.20. w hat is the specific gravity (to 3 decimal places) of the product if the addition of the medicinal agent increases the syrup’s volume by 0.2 ml?
Answer:
Mass of medicinal agent taken = 1.2 gthe volume is 60 mL Specific gravity = 1.20 So the mass of solution = specific gravity X volume = 1.20 * 60 = 72gNow if we have increased the volume by 0.2 so the new volume = 60.2 New mass = 72 + 1.2 = 73.2 Specific gravity = mass / volume = 73.2 / 60.2 = 1.22 g/mL.
Please help me with my chemistry homework
(A) By far the most common isotope of carbon is carbon- 12( 12C), which contains six neutrons in addition to its six protons.
Also there are more Carbon- 12 in atmosphere than Carbon-13 because matter is amended in carbon- 12, because its lighter weight is used in stormy emigrations are amended in carbon- 13. The rate of carbon- 13 to carbon- 12 in the atmosphere and the ocean are roughly the same.
(B) Boron- 11 is more abundant. Boron is linked as titles containing five protons in the nexus. This means that boron- 10 would have five neutrons in the nexus and boron- 11 would have six protons.
(C) Given that isotope of Bromine with the at. mass, 79u has 49.7 composition. And also the isotope of Bromine with the at. mass, 81u hasv50.3 composition.
Since, donation of Bromine- 79 towards the at. mass is
Mass = ( 79 *49.7)/ 100 = 39.263
donation of Bromine- 81 towards the at. mass is
Mass = ( 81 *50.3)/ 100 = 40.743
Average at. mass = 39.2640.74 = 80.0068 amu
(D) The average atomic mass of an element is the sum of the millions of its isotopes, each multiplied by its natural cornucopia( the numeric associated with percent of tittles of that element that are of a given isotope).
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Billy decides to test the factors that affect plant growth. he uses sunflowers, daisies, and bean plants. he gives some of the plants fertilizer and other plants only water. he plants the sunflowers in a garden outside but plants the daisies and bean plants in small containers inside his house. he measures the height of the plants each day using a ruler. what is wrong with billy's experiment?
Billy conducted an experiment to check the growth of different types of plants in different factors. He uses plants like sunflowers, daisies, and bean plants.
He planted the sunflower outside in a garden and plant the daisies and bean plants inside his house in a small container. He provides some of the plants only water and other plants only fertilizers. Then he started measuring the height of the plants everyday using a ruler.
The mistake with the Billy's experiment is that he uses too many manipulated variables. In his experiment he uses too many plants and flowers. Also, he uses fertilizers in only some of the plants and not in others.
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In the periodic table, hydrogen is placed in Group 1A, while helium is placed in Group 8A. The best explanation for this is that hydrogen
The elements in group IA are called alkali metals. The elements in group IIA are called alkaline earth metals. The elements in group VIIA are called the halogens and the elements in group VIIA are called the noble gases or inert gases.
Because, like all other group 1A elements, it has eight valence electrons. Like all other Group 1A elements, it has only one valence electron. The reason why hydrogen can be classified in both Group 1 and Group 17 is that hydrogen can easily form cations, making some of its properties similar to alkali metals.
Although it can be placed in Group 1 of the periodic table, its properties differ from those of halogens because hydrogen is a non-metal and forms H2, which is the true property of halogens, being placed above the group of the periodic table. is also similar. The ns1 electrons are arranged like alkali metals. However, it differs significantly from alkali metals in that it is less likely to form cations H+ than other alkali metals.
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an irregular object with a mass of 17g displaces 4.7 L of water. density?
Those substances which do not have a fixed geometrical shape are called irregular objects an irregular object with a mass of 17g displaces 4.7 L of water and the density is 3.61gmL⁻¹
Here given data is irregular object are given and mass of this irregular object are = 17g and it displaces of water = 4.7 L
Then we have to calculate density = ?
Density is the substance's mass per unit of volume
Then Density = mass/volume
We assume that is displaces 4.7 L means this is volume
Thus, Density = mass/volume
Density = 17g / 4.7 L
Density = 3.61gmL⁻¹
An irregular object density is 3.61gmL⁻¹
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What is this common laboratory equipment called and what is its purpose
Answer:This is a Flint lighter, It's usually used to make sparks to light things like burners in chemistry.
Explanation:
Why is the bombardier beetle relevant in the evolution vs. creationism discussion? what do you think the bombardier beetle shows us in this debate?
Bombardier beetle is relevant in evolution vs. creationism as creationists use bombardier beetle to challenge evolution whereas scientists say species may have evolved the ability to survive toads’ digestive system.
A subgroup of ground beetles known as bombardier beetles includes several hundred distinct species. To defend themselves from predators, these insects have tools.
When agitated, the beetle uses unique glands in its abdomen to spray a boiling chemical solution onto the face of its predator. Hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide are combined to create the solution, which they then mix and let loose on their foes.
Even the bombardier beetle could suffer devastating effects from any change to these two substances.
Therefore, evolution is not supposed to occur in a sound manner because it could have disastrous effects and lead to modification instead of modification.
So, while it may be appropriate in a very small number of circumstances, evolution is not appropriate in general.
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Phosphorus-32 has a half-life of 14.0 days days. starting with 2.00 g of 32p32p, how many grams will remain after 112 daysdays pearson?
Phosphorus-32 has a half-life of 14.0 days. starting with 2.00 g of 32p
What is half life of an element?
A substance's half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of it to decompose. When referring to radioactive elements, where the number of atoms gradually decreases over time, the term "half-life" was originally employed. Today, it is employed in numerous more circumstances where something falls rapidly.
50% of the initial mass remains after the first half life.
25% of the initial mass remains after the second half life.
12.5% of the initial mass remains after the third half-life.
6.25 percent of the initial mass is still present after the fourth half-life.
3.125% of the initial mass remains after the fifth half-life.
1.5625% of the initial mass is still present after the sixth half-life.
7th half life: 0.78125 percent of starting mass remains
8th half life: 0.390625% of starting mass is still present.
Here, we must first determine the number of half lives for phosphorus-32. Number of half lives=Totaltime/Timeforonehalflife is the formula.
One half life takes 14 days out of the whole time of 112 days. Therefore, the number of half lives is equal to 112/14, which equals 8.
The mass of P-32 that remains after 8 half lives must now be calculated.
As of the fifth half-life, 0.390625 percent of the starting mass was still present.
⇒ P-32 left mass is equal to 0.390625 of 2.00 g, or 0.0078125 g.
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Patterns in nature involve anything that happens over and over again. A pattern could repeat itself at a specific time of day, time of the month, or time of year. Describe one of these kinds of patterns
Patterns of the moon in nature repeat themselves at a specific time of the month.
The physical world was observed, and patterns were found. The search for rules began with an attempt to comprehend these patterns. And when these rules were ultimately understood, the physical world's functioning was revealed.
In nature, patterns include anything that repeatedly occurs. A pattern might recur at a particular hour of the day, day of the week, or season. The term "fractal" refers to patterns in nature that could appear similar at a certain point in time. A full moon, for instance, happens once every 28 days.
The only natural satellite that the Earth has is the moon. It normally circles the planet every day. When the moon is in its full phase, it is facing the sun and remains between the Sun and the Earth. This makes the moon illuminate fully.
The moon is known to follow a pattern of lunar phase every 28 days.
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In wintertime, Jerron is in a room with a furnace.
He builds a fire inside the furnace in order to keep warm.
After 20 minutes, the entire room increased its temperature by 15 degrees.
1. What method of heat transfer occurred?
2. Describe how it worked in the room.
The heat that reaches Jerron in the room from the furnance does so by radiation
What is radiation?The term radiation has to do with a situation in which heat is able to move from one point to another without a material medium. We know that there are three basic modes of heat transfer and these are;
ConductionConvection RadiationConduction and convection both require a medium of propagation while radiation does not. The heat that reaches you in the room does so by radiation and this is because there is no material medium that carries the heat from the furnace to you.
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the molecular formula for both cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene is c4h8. compounds which have the same molecular formula but have different structures are called
The molecular formula for both cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene is C₄H₈. compounds that have the same molecular formula but have different structures are called isomers.
What are isomers?Isomers are substances that share the same molecular formula but differ in their structural makeup.Isomers are substances that share the exact same empirical formula and the exact same number of atoms but differ from one another in atomic arrangement.Deuterium and tritium are two examples of isomers of hydrogen.There is a hierarchy in isomeric connections. When examined more closely, two compounds that appear to be the same constitutional isomer may really be stereoisomers of one another.Even when two molecules share the same stereoisomer, they may have different conformational shapes or be isotopologues.The area of research or the chemical and physical characteristics of interest determines how in-depth the investigation is.Learn more about isomers from the given link
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Give role
Of pharynx??
Answer:
pharynx
Explanation:
The pharynx, usually called the throat, is part of the respiratory system and digestive system. It carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth. The pharynx is the site of common illnesses, including sore throat and tonsillitis.
Explanation:
Pharynx (Throat) The pharynx, usually called the throat, is part of the respiratory system and digestive system. It carries air, food and fluid down from the nose and mouth. The pharynx is the site of common illnesses, including sore throat and tonsillitis.
Write the logarithm as a sum or difference of logarithms. simplify each term as much as possible. log4(6ab)
a. log46 log4(a b)
b. log46 log4a log4b
c. 24log4a 24log4b
d. (log4a log4b)6
The simplification the expression log₄ (6ab) is log₄ 6 + log₄ a + log₄ b.
To generate a given number, a base must be raised to a particular exponent, power, or logarithm. If aˣ = n, then x is the logarithm of n to the base a, which is expressed mathematically as x = logₐ n.
Some properties of logarithm are:
Product rule: logₐ (mn) = logₐ m + logₐ n
Quotient rule: logₐ (m/n) = logₐ m – logₐ n
Power rule: logₐ mⁿ = n logₐ m
Consider the logarithm expression,
log₄ (6ab).
Using the properties of logarithms,
logₐ (mn) = logₐ m + logₐ n
Therefore,
log₄ (6ab) = log₄ ( 6 × a × b )
log₄ (6ab) = log₄ 6 + log₄ a + log₄ b
The correct option is (b).
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a water molecule can bond to up to other water molecules by bonds. a water molecule can bond to up to other water molecules by bonds. two ... hydrogen three ... ionic four ... polar covalent two ... polar covalent four ... hydrogen
Answer: four…Hydrogen
Explanation:
a water molecule is joined to 4 other water molecules by hydrogen bonds. (I also had this question)