What is sherical aberration in mirror ?​

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: In optics, spherical aberration is an image imperfection that occurs due to the increased refraction of light rays that occurs when rays strike a lens or a reflection of light rays that occurs when rays strike a mirror near its edge, in comparison with those that strike nearer the centre.

Explanation:

In optics, spherical aberration (SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. Lenses and curved mirrors are prime examples, because this shape is easier to manufacture.


Related Questions

i need help with this

Answers

Answer:

Character: Example 2

Plot: Example 3

Theme: Example 1

Explanation:

A character is a person that is apart of a story, the plot is the events and the "flow" of the story, and the theme is a lesson that can be taken in real life from the story.

Answer:

Character- Mickey mouse, a reporter, Katniss, Romeo

Theme- An act of kindness can affect others in unexpected ways

Plot- A boy wakes up in a strange world, leaves his belongings, battles monsters, and then wakes up to relize it was all a bad dream. He appreciation for his family more when his nightmare ends

Explanation:

A 900 kg car that exerts 5000 n of applied force on a level road while being opposed by 1000 n of friction. determine the acceleration of the car.

Answers

A 900 kg car that exerts 5000 n of applied force on a level road while being opposed by 1000 n of friction -the acceleration of the car is 44.4  m/s².

The acceleration of the car is  44.4  m/s².

Given that

A 900 kg carThat car is exerts 5000 n of applied force on a level road while being opposed by 1000 n of friction.

To find

the acceleration of the car.

So, according the question

we have,

     mass of the car m = 900 kg

     applied force by car f = 5000 n

     friction force r = 1000 n

now,

    total net force (F) = applied force (f)- friction force (r)

                              F = 5000 - 1000

                              F = 4000 n

we know that,

                             F = ma

where,

      m = mass of car

       a = acceleration

So, putting the values of m and F,

                          4000 = 900 × a        

                                a  [tex]= \frac{4000}{900}[/tex]

                                a  =  44.4  m/s²

The acceleration of the car is  44.4  m/s².

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a piston has an external pressure of 13.0 atm . how much work has been done in joules if the cylinder goes from a volume of 0.150 liters to 0.460 liters?

Answers

The work done on the cylinder against the external pressure is 408.34 J.

Work done on the cylinder

The work done on the cylinder against the external pressure is calculated as follows;

W = PΔV

where;

P is the external pressureΔV is change in velocity of the gas

Substitute the given parameters and solve for work done on the cylinder.

W = 13 atm (0.46 L - 0.15 L)

W = 4.03 atm.L

1 atm.L = 101.325 J

4.03 atm.L = ?

= 408.34 J

Thus, the work done on the cylinder against the external pressure is 408.34 J.

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An object is released from rest on a planet that has no atmosphere. The object falls freely for 3 m in the first second. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet?.

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An object is released from rest on a planet that has no atmosphere. The object falls freely for 3 m in the first second. The magnitude of acceleration due to gravity is g =  6 m/s²

How to calculate?

if we ignore air friction, height h an object falls under a gravity g is calculated through:

h =h₀ + v₀*t - 1/2*g*t²

where,

t= time to reach a height h

v₀ = initial vertical velocity of the object =0 m/s( since is released from the rest)

g = gravity

h₀ = initial height = 3m

if object starts at height h₀ = 3 m then it finishes at height h= 0 m when it falls 3 meters.

then since v₀=0 m/s  :

h =h₀  - 1/2*g*t²

replacing values

0 = 3 m - 1/2*g*(1 s)²

g= 2*( 3m - 0m)/(1 s)² = 6m/s²

g =  6 m/s²

What do you mean by acceleration due to gravity?

The acceleration of a body in free fall under the influence of the earth's gravity expressed as the rate of increase of velocity per unit of time and assigned the standard value of 980.665 centimeters per second also called g.

The acceleration of an object changes with the altitude. The change in the gravitational acceleration with distance from the center of Earth follows an inverse-square law. This means that the gravitational acceleration is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the center of Earth. As distance is doubled, the gravitational acceleration decreases by a factor of 4. As distance is tripled, the gravitational acceleration decreases by a factor of 9, and so on.

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2.43 calculate the equivalent resistance rab at terminals a-b for each of the circuits in fig. 2.107

Answers

The equivalent resistance rab at terminals a through b for each circuit is Rab=16 ohm.

Parallel resistors of 10 and 40 ohms are used. Their comparable resistance is, thus,

(10x40)/(10+40)=400/50=8 ohm

Also,

Parallel resistors of 5 and 20 ohms are used. Their comparable resistance is, thus,

(5×20)/(5+20)=100/25=4 ohm

Since the two comparable resistors mentioned above are connected in series, the overall equivalent resistance is [tex]R_{ab}[/tex]=4+8=12 ohm

Circuit (b)

Parallel resistors of 30, 20, and 60 ohms are used. Their corresponding resistance is provided by

[tex]\frac{1}{R}=\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{60}=\frac{1}{10}[/tex]

Hence, equivalent resistance here is=10 ohms.

The specified 10 ohm resistance is now in series with this corresponding 10 ohm resistance.

As a result, the total equivalent resistance is 10+10=20 ohms.

Now, this 80 ohm resistance and its counterpart 20 ohm resistance are connected in parallel.

So, their equivalent resistance is

(80×20)/(80+20)=1600/100=16 ohm

Hence, Rab=16 ohm.

What is equivalent resistance?Equivalent resistance is the term used to describe how good a workout feels when you compare it to another person of the same fitness level. This metric can be helpful in deciding whether or not someone is working at their maximum potential. In order to calculate equivalent resistance, you will need your maximal lift and the lift of a similar-level exerciser. Then, divide each lifter's total by the other lifter’s total to get an estimate of how many pounds they are lifting relative to their own strength level.

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Given b = \{- 8, 0, 7, 15\} which elements of set b are greater than 7? ai odmun sto stizogo

Answers

b = {- 8, 0, 7, 15}

15 elements of set b are greater than 7.

In mathematics, what is a set?In mathematics and logic, a set is any collection of objects (elements) that may or may not be mathematical (e.g., numbers and functions). A set is typically represented as a list of all its members surrounded by braces. The intuitive concept of a set is likely even older than the concept of number.Capital letters are used to represent the set. Sets include the empty set, finite set, equivalent set, subset, universal set, superset, and infinite set. During calculations, each type of set has its own significance. Sets are primarily used in our daily lives to represent bulk data and data collection.

Mathematics Set Theory Symbols

Symbol Symbol Name Meaning

A ∪ B union                Elements that belong to set A or set B

A ∩ B intersection        Elements that belong to both the sets, A

                                              and B

A ⊆ B subset                subset has few or all elements equal to        

                                              the set

A ⊄ B not subset         left set is not a subset of right set

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a hockey player is standing on his skates on a frozen pond when an opposing player, moving with a uniform speed of 2.0 m/s, skates by with the puck. after 1.40 s, the first player makes up his mind to chase his opponent. if he accelerates uniformly at 0.22 m/s2, determine each of the following.

Answers

By using uniform motion, in 19.49 second the player will catch his opponent

We need to know about the uniform motion to solve this problem. The uniform motion is an object's motion under acceleration. It should follow the rule

vt = vo + a . t

vt² = vo² + 2a . s

s = vo . t + 1/2 . a . t²

where vt is final velocity, vo is initial velocity, a is acceleration, t is time and s is displacement.

From the question above, we know that

v = 2 m/s

t = 1.4 s

vo = 0 m/s

a = 0.22 m/s²

Find the distance between players

so = v . t

so = 2 . 1.4

so = 2.8 m

The player will catch his opponent with the same distance, hence

S = S

so + v . tchase = vo . tchase + 1/2 . a . tchase²

2.8 + 2.tchase = 0 . tchase + 1/2 . 0.22 . tchase²

0.11 tchase² - 2 tchase - 2.8 = 0

a = 0.11

b = -2

c = -2.8

the square root is

x1 = (-b + √(b² - 4ac) ) / 2a

x1 = (-(-2) + √((-2)² - 4 . 0.11 . (-2.8)) ) / (2 . 0.11)

x1 = 19.49 second

x2 = (-b - √(b² - 4ac) ) / 2a

x2 = (-(-2) - √((-2)² - 4 . 0.11 . (-2.8)) ) / (2 . 0.11)

x2 = -1.31 second

the possible root is 19.49 second

Hence, in 19.49 second the player will catch his opponent

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For which of these scenarios is total internal reflection possible? list all correct answers in alphabetical order. for example, if scenarios a and e are correct, enter ae.

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The sequence is E,B,F,C. for the scenarios total internal reflection possible .

What is total internal reflection?

Total internal reflection is an optical phenomena when waves arriving at the interface between two media entirely reflect back into the first medium instead of being refracted into the second. total internal reflection, in physics, is defined as complete reflection of a ray of light within a medium like  as water or glass from the surrounding surface's back into the medium. The phenomenon occurs if the angle of incidence is higher than a certain limiting angle, known as  the critical angle

the answer is added at the bottom-

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canadian geese migrate essentially along a north-south direction for well over a thousand kilometers in some cases, traveling at speeds up to about 100 km/h. one such bird is flying at 100 km/h relative to the air, but there is a 46.0 km/h wind blowing from west to east. you may want to review (page) . for help with math skills, you may want to review:

Answers

The bird should fly at an angle of roughly South 23.58° East if it wants to move directly southward in relation to the earth.

The magnitude of the bird's velocity is 100 km/h, among other components of the velocity.

North-South direction equals the direction of the bird.

Wind velocity is 40 km/h in magnitude.

The wind is blowing in an east to west direction.

The two velocities' component vectors are as follows:

Bird's velocity is v = -100 j.

Wind speed, v = 40 i.

If a bird has a southerly velocity, it will move in that direction.

component of velocity to account for the wind's speed.

Let be the angle of the bird's direction in relation to the

we have a negative x-axis.

In the third quadrat, -100 cos = -40 I 66.42°,

Given that the y and x numbers in the third quadrat are both negative, -100 cos = -40i 66.42°.

Therefore, the angle in the south-west direction is 90 - 66.42 23.58°.

Therefore, to fly directly southward relative to the ground, the bird should fly in the direction of south 23.58° east.

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consider the acceleration of a particle along a straight line with an initial position of 0 m and an initial velocity of 0 m/s.

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The calculated speed is 8 m/s.

The region below the curve in the acceleration vs. time graph can be used to calculate velocity. Similar to the integral in equation, this (1). The area underneath the graph in the first four seconds in this example is just a rectangle with a base of t1=2s and a height of a1=4m/s2.

Therefore, the area is v24=a1

t24=4m/s2

2m/s=8m/s.

Since the particle begins at rest and is not accelerated for the first second, its velocity after 4 seconds is

v (4s) =v24

=8 m/s.

The complete question is- Consider the acceleration of a particle along a straight line with an initial position of 0 m and an initial velocity of 0 m/s.

a. What is the velocity at 4 s?

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A crooked casino creates a 6-sided die with unequal probabilities. the probability of rolling a one is twice that of rolling any other number. a) what is the probability of rolling a 1?

Answers

The probability of rolling a one is twice that of rolling any other number.

Then the probability of rolling a 1 is 1/6.

What is probability ?

The probability of something is how likely it is to happen. When we don't know how an event will turn out, we can talk about the probabilities of several outcomes—how likely they are. Examining events with a probability component is known as statistics.

Probability is a mathematical concept used to determine the likelihood of an event. It is challenging to make an accurate prediction for many events. We can only predict an event's likelihood, or how probable it is to occur, by using it.

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Atoms from group 16 will generally form ions with a charge of

Answers

Answer:

-2

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation

hey b

If a force of 21n stretches a spring 0.3m beyond its natural length, how much work does it take to stretch the spring 4.5m beyond its natural length?

Answers

It requires 708.75 J of labor to extend the spring 4.5m beyond its normal length if a force of 21n stretches it by 0.3m.

We know that

F = k × x

We are given

F = 21 N

x = 0.3

21 = k × 0.3

k = 70 N/m

Work = [tex]\int\limits^4_0 {70x} \, dx[/tex]

[tex]= 70 \frac{x^{1+1} }{1+1}[/tex]

[tex]=35x^{2}[/tex]

When we plug in boundaries, we get,

= 708.75 - 0

Work = 708.75 J

The spring's duration with none linked mass is its natural length. We assume the spring abides through Hooke's rule, which states that if the spring's natural duration is expanded by means of an quantity L, it's going to exert a force Fs = kΔL, wherein ok is a wonderful fee referred to as the spring consistent.

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bio froghopper jump a spittlebug called the froghopper (philaenus spumarius) is believed to be the best jumper in the animal world. it pushes off with muscular rear legs for 0.0010 s, reaching a speed of 4.0 m/s. determine its acceleration during this launch and the distance that the froghopper moves while its legs are pushing.

Answers

A. Acceleration during launch = 4000 m/s²

B. Distance that the froghopper moves while its legs are pushing = 0.002 m

Kinematics is sometimes regarded as a subfield of mathematics and is sometimes referred to as the geometry of motion. But in physics, it serves as the basis for classical mechanics. Without considering the forces that propel an item, kinematics studies how an object moves. It gives a description of the spatial positions of bodies or systems of material particles as well as the velocities and rates of change of those velocities.

t = 0.001 s

u = 4 m/s

PART A :

a = Δv / t

a = [tex]\frac{4m/s}{0.001s}[/tex]

a = 4000 m/s²

Therefore, Acceleration during launch = 4000 m/s²

PART B :

S = ut +  [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]at²

S = 0(0.001s) + [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]  x 4000 m/s² (0.001)²

S = 0.002 m

Therefore, the Distance that the froghopper moves while its legs are pushing = 0.002 m

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the fireman wishes to direct the flow of water from his hose to the fire at b. determine two possible angles u1 and u2 at which this can be done. water flows from the hose at va

Answers

The two possible angles to where this water from the the hose travels at are 24.9° (below the horizontal) and 85.2° (above the horizontal)

What are equations of motion?

Equations of motion in physics are the kind of equations that explain how any physical system behaves in terms of how its motion changes over time.

This kind of behavior of a physical system is described in more detail by the equations of motion as a collection of mathematical functions expressed in terms of dynamic variables.

What are the three equations of motion?

The three equations of motion can be stated as follows:

v = u + at.

v² = u² + 2as.

s = ut + ½at²

So, from this we already have the idea about,

V = U + at

35 = 0 + 80 cosθ t

also,

S = Ut + 1/2a t^2

-20 = -80 sinθt + 1/2 (-32.2)t^2

Thus, we have

20 (cosθ)^2 = 17.5 sin2θ + 3.0816

solving for theta, we have

θ1 = 24.9° (below the horizontal)

θ2 = 85.2° (above the horizontal)

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V2, v3 are mutually orthogonal (nonzero) vectors in r 3 . show that the only solution of t1v1 t2v2 t3v3 = 0 is t1 = t2 = t3 = 0

Answers

By orthogonality, vectors tj < Vj, Vi> = 0.

Given,

v₁, v₂, and v₃ are mutually orthogonal vectors in r³.

Let v₁, v₂,...vₓ ∈ V form an orthogonal set if and only if

<Vi, Vj> = { 1 if i = j ; and 0 if i ≠ j}

Now, let v₁, v₂, and v₃ are non-zero vectors that form an orthogonal set.

Suppose t₁v₁ + t₂v₂ + t₃v₃ = 0; for some t₁, t₂, t₃∈ R

Then for any index t ≤ i ≤ 3, we have

< t₁v₁ + t₂v₂ + t₃v₃, Vi> = < 0, Vi> which equals to 0.

t₁<v₁,Vi>  + t₂<v₂,Vi> + t₃<v₃, Vi> = 0

By orthogonality, tj < Vj, Vi> = 0

Or, tj = 0

Where, i = j = < 1, 2, 3>

Hence proved.

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Will the plastic insulation on the electrical wire decrease the heat transfer from the wire?

Answers

Plastic insulation does not necessarily decrease the heat transfer from the wire. Although it is insulated to keep it safe, shock free and protect the wire from high temperature.

Plastic is a poor conductor of heat. The reason is it does not have free electrons in its conduction band which makes it a perfect conductor.

Since Plastic is good insulator, they do not allow the flow of heat through them. When an electric wire is insulated with plastic it does not let the heat reach the electric wire.

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The plastic insulation on the electrical wire will not decrease the heat transfer from the wire.

Plastic insulation cannot always reduce heat transmission from the wire. Despite the fact that it is protected to make it safe, shock-free, and to shield the wire from extreme temperatures.

Plastic is a bad heat conductor. The reason for this is that it has no flow of electrons inside its conduction band, making it an excellent conductor.

Because plastic is a poor insulator, it does not enable heat to pass through it. Whenever an electric wire is protected with plastic, it prevents heat from reaching the wire.

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2. The following is a sign of good sportsmanship:

Yelling at the official when a bad call is made.

He should know better.

Leaving the game early.

Ignoring the rules of the game.

Shaking hands with the opponent at the end of the game.

Answers

Answer:

Shaking hands with the opponent at the end of the game.

Explanation:

Hope this helps.

the effect of friction on air increases wind speed is relevant only within the planetary boundary layer increases with height increases the coriolis force

Answers

The effect of friction on air: B. is relevant only within the planetary boundary layer.

The types of force.

In Science, there are different types of force that acts on a physical object and these include the following:

Tension force.Electrical forceGravitational forceAir resistance forceApplied forceNormal Force.Magnetic forceFrictional force.

What is a frictional force?

Frictional force can be defined as a type of force that resists and slows the relative motion of two physical objects when there surfaces come in contact. This ultimately implies that, a frictional force prevents two surfaces from easily sliding over or slipping across one another.

Based on scientific research and experiments, we can reasonably infer that the effect of friction on air is relevant and important only within the planetary boundary layer.

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Complete Question:

The effect of friction on air:

A. increases wind speed.

B. is relevant only within the planetary boundary layer.

C. causes airflow to cross isobars rather than run parallel to them.

D. increases the Coriolis force. E. increases with height.

in SI, ___ are use with the names of the base unit to indicate the multiple of 10 that is being used with the base unit

Answers

In SI, prefixes are used with the names of the base unit to indicate the multiple of 10 that is being used with the base unit

Base units are units used for various measurements such as length, time, mass, temperature etc. For example the SI base unit of length is meter, SI base unit of time is second, SI base unit of mass is gram and SI base unit of temperature is kelvin.

Prefixes such as kilo, mega, giga, deci, centi, milli, micro, nano etc are used with base units mentioned above to indicate multiples and submultiples of 10. The multiples of 10 are used to mention larger measurements and the submultiples of 10 are used to mention smaller measurements. For example, the total unit will be called as millimeter, kilo seconds etc.

Therefore, in SI, prefixes are used with the names of the base unit to indicate the multiple of 10 that is being used with the base unit.

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The density of lead is 19,300 kg/m3 . how many times the density of gold nuclei is greater than the density of gold?

Answers

The mass of gold with the dimensions 10 cm, 5 cm, & 20 cm will be  19.3 kg.

What is volume ?

The amount of cubic space a three-dimensional object takes up (measured in inches, quarts, or centimeters): square footage. The volume that a certain amount of a substance fills.

Although the dimensions were given in centimeters, you require the volume in cubic meters.

The dimensions must also be given in meters because the units must match. The conversion is to multiply the centimeters by 100 to obtain the volume in cubic meters.

0.10 x 0.05 x 0.20 = 0.001 m^3

To determine the mass of the gold block, multiply by the density.

0.001 x 19,300 = 19.3 kg

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Question:

The density of gold is 19300 m^3/kg. What will be the mass of gold with the dimensions 10 cm, 5 cm, & 20 cm?

Point charges of q1= 4.00 and q2=2.00 are placed 0.5 m apart. where can a third charge be placed so that the net force on it is zero?

Answers

d = -1 m

The negative sign indicates that the charge from that force of the space of the two spheres.

What is charge ?

When charged matter is exposed to an electromagnetic field, its electric charge—a property of matter—causes it to feel a force. An electric charge can be either positive or negative (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively). Like and unlike charges are attracted to one another while being repelled by the other. Neutral describes a thing without any net charge. Classical electrodynamics, a term coined to describe early understanding of the interactions of charged particles, is still applicable to issues that do not demand for taking quantum effects into account.

The net charge, or the total of the positive and negative charges, is constant in an isolated system because electric charge is a conserved attribute. Electrical charge is transported by subatomic particles.

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Why has atomic theory not been discarded

Answers

Answer: Is the atomic theory still valid today?

Although two centuries old, Dalton's atomic theory remains valid in modern chemical thought. 1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. 3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.

Explanation: hope this helps!!!

the home owner report that sometimes the electric furnace trip the 240-v 60-a circuit breaker connected to it

Answers

It is advisable to purchase a new circuit breaker with a higher capacity, perhaps a 240V, 80-100A circuit breaker, as breaker trips happen regularly.

We know that power is distributed as

P = IV

P stands for power in watts.

I is the same as current in amps.

And V stands for the voltage difference in potential.

The circuit breaker's function is to handle 240V, 60A.

A current of more over 60A will therefore trip the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker trips OFF when there is a significant amount of electricity flowing through it.

Three 5000W heating elements are now present in the furnace, and each of them trips the circuit breaker. Additionally, this element develops gradually; it does not happen all at once. When turned ON, the first component will draw the following amount of electricity from the mains:

We are aware that the initial heating element has a 3000W power rating.

P = IV

[tex]I' = \frac{P}{V} = \frac{3000}{240}[/tex]

I' =  20.833amps

The circuit breaker is still operational in this scenario because of its 60A capacity.

The second heating element eventually turns on.

Furthermore, this will result in a current of

[tex]I'' = \frac{P}{V} = \frac{3000}{240}[/tex]

I" = 20.833amps

the total current drawn at this time is I = I' + I" = 20.833 + 20.833

I = 41.667 amps

Once more, the 60A capacity of the circuit breaker makes it still appropriate.

Eventually, the third component will trip ON once more, drawing current from:

I"' = [tex]\frac{P}{V} = \frac{3000}{240}[/tex]

I"' = 20.833 amps

The current drawn overall is now I = I' + I" + I"'

I = 20.833+20.833+20.833

I = 62.5 Amps

The breaker will trip because the current exceeds the circuit rating.

Advice: Since replacing the furnace might be too expensive, I will suggest that they purchase a new circuit breaker with a higher capacity, possibly a 240V, 80-100A circuit breaker.

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a swimmer wishes to swim at a speed of 1.0m/s across river to a point A directly opposite him. There is uniform current with speed 0.5 metres per seconds. Find the direction in which the swim.er must head to do it

Answers

Answer:

The swimmer must swim at 1.12 m/s at 26.565 ° upstream from the opposing bank, according to the parallelogram rule of vectors.

What is parallelogram law of vector addition?

If two vectors act along two consecutive sides of a parallelogram (with magnitude equal to the length of the sides) both heading away from the common vertex, then the resultant is represented by the parallelogram's diagonal passing through the same common vertex.

Explanation:

Let, the current's speed be x = 0.5 m/s, the swimmer's speed be y m/s and the angle between them be . The resulting speed at angle with x will be r = 1.0 m/s. Assuming b is 90°.

Then, the parallelogram law of vectors states that

Sin b = y Sin a/r

=> y Sin a = r

=> y Sin a = 1

And Cos b = (x + y Cos a)/r

=> y Cos a = -x = -0.5

Therefore, tan a = 1/ (-0.2)

=> tan a = -2

As a result, a = 116.565°

Consequently, y = 1/Sin a

=> y = 1/ Sin116.565°

=> y = 1.118 ≈ 1.12 m/s

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As the planets orbit the sun, they are never far from the ____ on the celestial sphere

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As the planets orbit the sun, they are never far from the ecliptic on the celestial sphere.

Which planets are never seen to some distance from the sun?

As regarded from the Earth, two of the planets (Mercury and Venus) are in no way a long way from the sun. Venus can get approximately forty eight tiers from the solar, while Mercury can simplest control a 27.5 levels separation from the solar

Why does the orbit of Mars never takes it far from the ecliptic?

this is due to the fact the trails of each worlds are tilted a piece. Mars's orbit is tilted by about two ranges. that means it is able to wander two levels away from the ecliptic.

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Please do this right and graph corectly

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some options for you :) hope this helps!

on a cosmic calendar that compresses the history of the universe into one year, our milky way galaxy probably formed

Answers

On a cosmic calendar which compresses the history of the universe into one year, our milky way galaxy probably formed on March 1st.

What is a cosmic calendar?

A cosmic calendar can be defined as a scale on which the history of the universe is compressed into one (1) year. This ultimately implies that, a  cosmic calendar is used by astronomers and scientists alike to compress the history of the universe is compressed into one (1) year.

Based on the information on a cosmic calendar which compresses the history of the universe into one (1) year, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that our milky way galaxy was probably formed on March 1st.

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the discovery of exoplanets has provided strong validation for the nebular theory, but it also forced scientists to recognize that the theory was incomplete (as it stood before the exoplanet discoveries).which idea below was added to the theory after the discovery that some massive planets orbit very close to their stars?

Answers

Planets can migrate inward or outward from the orbits on which they originally formed.

How does nebular theory explain some observed features of the present-day solar system?

The best-known theory regarding how the solar system formed is the nebular hypothesis. According to this, the solar system was mostly composed of vast nebulae, which are clouds of gas and dust. Due to the ionised gases' powerful electromagnetic forces, the nebula gradually began to compress and begin producing masses that gravitationally attracted one another. According to the Nebular theory, the solar system's sun is a protostar produced by the core mass that was subjected to the greatest forces. According to nebular theory, the planets in the solar system rotated as a result of the nebula's continuous rotation.

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In a calorimetry experiment, it was determined that the heat change of the surroundings (qsurroundings) was 4482 j. what is the heat change of the system (qsystem)?

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The heat of the surroundings is  - 4482 J.

What is the heat change of the system (qsystem)?

A calorimeter is a device in which that is no exchange of heat between the device and the environment. In other words, there could only be exchange of heat when the a substance has been put inside the calorimeter.

We know that in a calorimeter;

Heat of the surrounding =  Heat of the system

That implies that they are of the same magnitude but of opposite direction hence the heat of the system is - 4482 J.

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