What is a plasma?

A. A partly melted solid

B. A superheated gas

C. A liquid in which the atoms move back and forth

D. A gas where the atoms are in fixed positions

Answer:

Clinkers

Explanation:

Clinkers are generally considered to form by fragmentation of an upper vesiculated crust due to an increase in apparent viscosity and/or to an increase in shear strain rate

The rate of a reaction indicates how fast the products are formed or how fast the reactants are consumed. Option A.

The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs and is defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of products per unit of time and the decrease in the concentration of reactants per unit of time. Reaction rates vary greatly. The reaction rate is the rate at which a reaction reaches equilibrium.

In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the rate is usually expressed as the amount of product produced per minute. The reaction rate is determined by the energy barrier between the reaction and the products. Reaction rate indicates the speed of reaction. That is how quickly reactants are consumed, how quickly products are formed, or how quickly energy is absorbed or released. Reaction speed is a powerful diagnostic tool. By understanding the speed at which products are made and the causes of slow reactions.

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The kilojoules of heat released per gram of the compound reacted with oxygen is -72.052 kj/g

The standard enthalpy of formation is a measure of the strength launched or fed on while one mole of a substance is created under trendy situations from its natural elements. The symbol of the standard enthalpy of formation is ΔH f. = A degree means that it's a fashionable enthalpy change.

Enthalpy of a formation refers to the trade in enthalpy for the formation of one mole of a substance from the maximum solid form of its constituent factors. change in enthalpy is symbolized by means of delta H and the f stands for formation.

Given,

compound             ΔH°f

B₅H₉                       73.2

B₂O₃                       -1271.94

H₂O                        -285.83

Balanced chemical equation:-

2B₅H₉  (l)  +  12O₂ +(g) => 5B₂O₃  + 9H₂O(l)

From Hess's law

ΔH°min = Σ enthalpies of products - Σ enthalpies of reactants

             = 5× (-1271.94) + 9×( -285.83) - 2(73.2) kj/mol

ΔH°min = -9078.59 kj/mol

It is seen that 2 moles of B₅H₉    react with O₂ is  -9078.59 kj/mol

For 1 mole = -9078.59 kj/mol/2

                 = 4539.295 KJ/mol

The energy released per gram = energy released per mol/molar mass of B₅H₉

                                            = 4539.295 kj/mol/63 g/mol

energy released per gram = -72.052 kj/g

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Answer: Should actually be Calcium Sulfide

Explanation: Alkali metal + non metal = salt.

2nd element in compound should either end in -ide or

The reason for the standardization of sodium hydroxide is that the compound is deliquescent.

The term standardization has to do with the process by which the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is determined. We know that there are some compounds that we do not need to standardize before they are used. The solid is just dissolved and made up to mark and then the solution thus prepared could be used in the standardization of other solutions.

However, this is not the case for sodium hydroxide because the compound in itself is deliquescent. This means that the solid is able to absorb moisture hence we can not get the actual amount of the sodium hydroxide by merely weighing the solid.

As such, we can be able to obtain the concentration of the sodium hydroxide by standardizing it using a primary standard.

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The conversion of solar energy into the chemical energy of a carbohydrate occurs during the process of photosynthesis.

Certain organisms convert solar energy (sunlight) into chemical energy through photosynthesis, which is then used to construct carbohydrate molecules. When an organism breaks down food, the energy that was used to keep these molecules together is released.

The energy generated by photosynthesis continuously enters the planet's ecosystems and is transferred from one organism to another. As a result, the majority of the energy that all living things on Earth require comes from the process of photosynthesis, either directly or indirectly.

Oxygen is also released into the atmosphere as a result of photosynthesis. To summarize, humans rely almost entirely on photosynthesis-producing organisms for food and oxygen.

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If a  sample of metal has a mass of 2272 grams. Its dimensions are 5 cm by 5 cm by 8 cm, then the density of the sample of the metal would be 11.36 grams / centimeter³.

It can be defined as the mass of any object or body per unit volume of the particular object or body.

ρ = mass / volume

As given in the problem sample of metal has a mass of 2272 grams. Its dimensions are 5 cm by 5 cm by 8 cm.

The density of the metal  = 2272 / (5 × 5× 8)

                                         = 11.36 gram / cm³

Thus, the density of the metal would be 11.36 grams / cm³.

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Answer:

Explanation:1 g CH

4

​

,C

2

​

H

6

​

C

3

​

H

8

​

C

4

​

H

10

​

T = 350 K, P = 1 atm

PV=nRT=

M

w×R×T

​

1×V=

58

1

​

×0.0821×350

V=0.495 L

V=495cm

3

The gas constant is equal to R=8.314 J/mol K, while the atomic mass of helium is equal to M=4.0 g/mol. M = 4.0 g / m o l . As a result, the helium atom's rms speed is 1304.7 m/s. So, 515 m/sec is the root-mean-square speed.

The value of the square root of the sum of the squares of the stacking velocity values divided by the quantity of values is the root-mean square (RMS) velocity. The RMS velocity is the speed of a wave traveling along a certain ray path across subsurface strata with various interval velocities.

The expression v=sqrt(3RTM) and v=sqrt(3KTm), where R is the universal gas constant, T is the absolute (Kelvin) temperature, m is the molar mass, K is the Boltzmann's constant, and M is the molecular mass, gives the root mean square (R.M.S.) speed V of the molecules of an ideal gas.

Since the particles in a typical gas sample are flowing in all directions, the average velocity for that sample is zero, which is why we use the rms velocity instead of the average. This is an important formula since the particle velocity controls both the diffusion and effusion rates.

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Melting and boiling points of a pure liquid are intensive physical quantities whereas mass and volume are fundamental physical quantities.

The typical definition of the melting point is the temperature at which a substance transforms from a solid to a liquid.

The temperature at which a liquid under atmospheric pressure changes from a solid to a liquid is known as its melting point. Here, both the liquid and solid phases coexist in equal amounts. The substance's melting point is listed under standard pressure, although it varies with pressure as well.

The temperature at which a liquid's vapour pressure equals the surrounding atmosphere is known as the boiling point of the liquid. This temperature causes the liquid to become a vapour.

The boiling point of the liquid is influenced by the atmospheric pressure. When a liquid is at high pressure, its boiling point is higher than when it is at atmospheric pressure. Different liquids have variable boiling points at a specific pressure. The standard boiling point of a liquid was established by IUPAC in 1982 as the temperature at which a liquid starts to boil at a pressure of one bar.

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Answer:

I don't know why 27.6 g is not the correct answer.  I believe that it is correct.

27.6 grams of [tex]H_{2}[/tex].

Explanation:

The balanced equation tells us that 17 moles of hydrogen will react completely with 8 moles of carbon monoxide.  That is a molar ratio of 17/8 moles H2/molesCO.

If we start with 6.5 moles of CO, we need:

(6.5 moles CO)*(17/8 moles H2/moles CO) = 13.8 moles of H2 (3 sig figs)

Convert 13.8 moles of H2 into grams H2 by multiplying by the molar mass iof H2 (2g/mole):

(13.8 moles H2)*(2 g H2/mole H2) = 27.6 grams of [tex]H_{2}[/tex].

The isotopes of the element X are; 19/9X, 20/9X and 21/9X.

The term isotopes has to do with the atoms that have the same atomic number but they do not have or posses the same mass number. The implication of this definition is that the atoms that we call the isotopes are different in the number of the neutrons that they do contain.

Now we know that the common thread that holds the atoms that we call an isotope of each other is that they have the same atomic umber and the atomic number of the atom X in this case is 9.

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The Water does not dissolve sand, but it does dissolve sugar. In order to dissolve the mixture in water. Sand will settle and sugar and water will separated combine to produce a solution.

Sugar can be obtained by the crystallization, while sand can be filtered and separated. The Filtration and evaporation can be used to separate the salt and sand mixture. Sand can be separated by filtering a mixture of sand and salt solution (salt dissolved in water). After filtering, sand remains as a residue on the filter paper. Now it is possible to make common salt by boiling the filtrate.

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Answer: The part I think you messed up on is the atoms not all of them have 0 and 1. Sodium Chloride has 2 atoms. Other than that it looks amazing! Hope this helps!

A Sample of propane, a component of LP gas has a volume of 35.3L at 315K and 922torr. Its volume at STP is 37.6 L.

STP conditions are defined as a pressure of

100kPa= 100kPa.  1atm / 101  . 325kPa   . 760torr/1atm

= 750.1torr

And a temperature of 0ەC = 0ەC +273.15= 273.15K

So, from here we knew that both pressure and temperature of the gas are changing. Here we use combined gas law equation.

The combined gas law is an amalgamation of the three previously known laws which are Boyle’s law PV = K, Charles law V/T = K, and Gay-Lussac’s law P/T = K. Therefore, the formula of combined gas law is PV/T = K,   Where P = pressure, T = temperature, V = volume, K is constant.

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Here P1, V1 and T1 are the pressure volume and temperature of the gas at an initial stage.

And P2, V2 and T2 are pressure volume and temperature of the gas at final stage.

So,

  P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

= > V2 = (  P1 .T2 /P2.T1).V1

Put all values in the expression.

  V2 = (922torr . 273.15K /750.1torr . 315K ) . 35.3L

        =   37.6 L

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Answer:D

Explanation:plato

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to calculate the percentage yield of the reaction

Mathematically, we have that as:

The mass of the product NO given in the question is the actual yield which is 27.50 g

Now, let us get the theoretical yield

We find the number of moles of nitrogen gas that reacted

Mathematically, that is the mass of nitrogen gas divided by the molar mass

The molar mass of the nitrogen gas is 28 g/mol

The number of moles is thus:

From the equation of reaction, 1 mole of N2 yields 2 moles of NO

Thus, 0.5814 mol of N2 will yield:

Now, to get the mass of NO produced, we multiply this number of moles by the molar mass of NO

The molar mass of NO is 30 g/mol

The mass that was produced is thus:

Finally, we have the percentage yield as:

We will be able to tell if the spread is margarine if it has been hydrogenated.

A liquid unsaturated fat can be made into a solid fat by the process of hydrogenation. In order to make an unsaturated fat saturated, hydrogen atoms must be injected into it. Trans fat, a particular form of fat, is created during this hydrogenation process.

An unsaturated fat undergoes hydrogenation, changing from a liquid to a solid. Unsaturated fats become saturated ones as a result of this process. The remaining unsaturated fats undergo another molecular shape change during this phase. An "trans" form is the end outcome.

We must maintain both of them at room temperature in order to analyze the unidentified spread. The process of hydrogenating corn oil results in the production of margarine.

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By using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can calculate that the concentration of acetic acid in the given buffer is 57.5 mM.

When calculating the pH value of a buffer system, we use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

[tex]pH = pK_{a} + log\frac{[base]}{[acid]}[/tex]

pKa - the negative logarithm of the acidic constant (for acetic acid, pKa = 4.76)

[base] - concentration of the basic (sodium acetate) component

[acid] - concentration of the acidic (acetic acid, AcOH) component

If we plug the known values (pH = 5; [base] = 100 mM; pKa = 4.76) in the equation we get:

[tex]5 = 4.76 + log\frac{100 mM}{[AcOH]}[/tex]

[tex]log\frac{100 mM}{[AcOH]} = 5-4.76[/tex]

[tex]log\frac{100 mM}{[AcOH]} = 0.24[/tex]

[tex]\frac{100 mM}{[AcOH]}= 10^{0.24}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{100 mM}{[AcOH]}= 1.74[/tex]

[AcOH] = 100 mM / 1.74

[AcOH] = 57.5 mM

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Answer

B. 11.2 grams

Explanation:

Molar mass of CaCl = 110.98 g/mol

Molar mass of KCl = 74.5513 g/mol

From the balanced chemical equation of the reaction given;

1 mole CaCl produced 2 moles KCl.

In grams;

(1 mol x 110.98 g/mol) CaCl produce (2 mol x 74.5513 g/mol) KCl, i.e

110.98 g CaCl produced 149.10236 g KCl,

Therefore, the grams of CaCl needed to produce 15.0 g KCl will be:

Therefore, 11.2 grams of calcium chloride are needed to produce 15.0 g of potassium chloride.

The system should be heated gently so that the solvent boils and the vapors extend no more than halfway up the condenser.

Boiling is the fast vaporization of a fluid, which happens when fluid is warmed to its bubbling point, the temperature at which the vapor weight of the fluid is rise to the weight applied on the fluid by the encompassing air.

There are two fundamental sorts of bubbling: nucleate bubbling where little bubbles of vapor shape at discrete focuses, and basic warm flux bubbling where the bubbling surface is warmed over a certain basic temperature, and a film of vapor shapes on the surface.

In thermodynamics, heating a system, the prerequisite for the bubbling of unadulterated substances to happen is that T divider = T sat. But in genuine tests, bubbling does not happen until the fluid is warmed some degrees over the immersion temperature.

The surface temperature must be to some degree over the immersion temperature in arrange to maintain vapor arrangement.

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The following which are medical applications of radiation include the following below:

This is referred to as the transmission of energy through space and it usually occurs at the speed of light thereby making it a very fast method of heat transfer when compared to the others. Radiation are used for various purposes such as immigration for searching luggage etc.

It is also used for medical reasons such as cancer therapy as the radiation help in destroying the cancerous cells thereby making it easy for their removal from the body system. It is also used for genetic engineering in the creation of new types of substances through the modification of nucleic acids such as DNA etc.

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The units that are left in each case are;

1) mile

2) atoms

The term conversion factor has to do with the way that we are able to use a given set of numbers to be able to help us to convert from one unit to another. This is very important especially when we are dealing with something that involves calculations and makes the use of computational methods very easy.

Let us now look at the image that has been shown in the question. We have to recall that some units have to cancel out so that we can be able to get the target unit that we are looking for in the course of the conversion as shown.

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There are two chiral centers in the ethambutol molecule, but only three possible stereoisomers (structures attached below).

In general, the number of stereoisomers of a chiral molecule is 2ⁿ, where n is the number of chiral centers, so for ethambutol it should be 2² = 4. However, if the molecule is symmetrical (in this case it has a plane of symmetry), then there is an R,S-isomer that is not optically active as a whole because the chiral centers cancel each other out. This is a so-called meso-isomer. So, in the end, we have two enantiomers (R,R- and S,S-) and a meso-isomer, giving us three stereoisomers in total.

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The pH of the solution after 28.0 ml of NaOH have been added to the acid exists 0.85.

The balanced reaction between base and acid exists;

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

NaOH exists a strong base and HCl exists a strong acid therefore complete dissociation. Stoichiometry of acid to base exists 1: 1.

The number of moles of base added - 0.5 M /1000 mL/L × 28.0 mL = 0.014 mol

the number of acid moles present - 0.5 M /1000 mL/L × 50.0 mL = 0.025 mol.

acid reacts with base 1: 1 ratio

Therefore excess amount of acid present - 0.025 - 0.014 = 0.011 mol

Total volume = 50.0 + 28.0 = 78.0 mL

[H⁺] = 0.011 mol/0.078 L = 0.14 M

Therefore, pH = -log [H⁺]

substitute the values in the above equation, we get

pH = -log(0.14)

simplifying the above equation, we get

pH = 0.85.

Therefore, the pH of the solution after 28.0 ml of NaOH have been added to the acid exists 0.85.

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The disadvantage of increasing our use of solar energy is that unfortunately currently, the production and storage of solar energy is bit as cost efficient when compared to obtaining the same quantity of energy from fossil fuels.



Bases can be formed by the direct combination of the elements that form the bases.

Bases are substances that react with acids to form salt and water only.

Bases are usually oxides or hydroxides of metals.

Bases have the property of turning red litmus blue.

The formation of a base will involve the direct combination of the constituent elements.

For example, the formation of the bases magnesium oxide and ammonia is shown below:

Ammonia: N₂+ 3 H₃ ---> 2 NH₃

Magnesium oxide: 2 Mg + O₂ ---> MgO

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In this question, we need to determine what will be the nuclear equation for the Beta decay of Lead - 210.

Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which we will have either a neutron becoming a proton, this will be called Beta-minus decay or a proton becoming a neutron, this will be called a Beta-plus decay

In the case of Pb-210, we will have a Beta-minus decay, and one neutron will become a proton:

210/82 Pb ---> 210/83 Bi + electron

Lead - 210 will become Bismuth - 210

Answer:

Element XX has a relative atomic mass of 6.86 aum

Explanation:

See attached worksheet.

Sodium is highly electropositive thus it can easily give out one electron from the outermost shell of the atom of the element.

We know that sodium is an element that has been found to be a member of group one of the periodic table. This implies that the sodium has only one electron in the outermost shell of the atom. As such, the sodium atom is quite very reactive and we observe that the sodium atom does loose electron easily.

The elements that are in the first group of the periodic table are highly electropositive and  this is what informs the fact they have a tendency to loose electrons quickly.

When the sodium atom looses an electron, it forms a univalent positive ion and there is a loss of an entire shell and this is why we find out that sodium does not occur in a free sate in nature owing to the fact that it tends to react very much.

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